Issey Miyake: From Ashes to Art三宅一生：从灰烬到艺术
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EN： Appositive Phrase: A noun or noun phrase placed next to another noun to identify or rename it. Here, 'a city...' renames 'Hiroshima'.
中文： 同位语短语：放置在另一个名词旁边，用来识别或重新命名该名词的名词或名词短语。在此处，「a city...」重新定义了「Hiroshima」。
Paris, the capital of France, is known for its art.
巴黎，法国的首都，以其艺术闻名。
EN： Relative Clause with 'that': Used to provide essential or additional information about a noun. 'That would forever shape his life' describes the city.
中文： 使用 'that' 的关系从句：用于提供关于名词的必要或额外信息。「that would forever shape his life」描述了这座城市。
He wrote a book that changed my perspective.
他写了一本改变我观点的书。
EN： Hiroshima is deeply tied to the history of World War II. For Issey Miyake, surviving the atomic bomb was a pivotal experience that influenced his design philosophy of 'making things' (monozukuri) as a way of moving toward hope and creation rather than destruction.
中文： 廣島與二戰歷史有著深厚的聯繫。對於三宅一生來說，在原子彈爆炸中倖存是一段關鍵經歷，這影響了他的設計哲學——將「製造物品」(monozukuri) 視為邁向希望與創造而非毀滅的一種方式。
EN： The conjunction 'When' is used to introduce a subordinate clause (adverbial clause of time) that indicates the specific time an action occurred in the past.
中文： 连词 'When' 用于引导从属从句（时间状语从句），用来标示过去某个动作发生的具体时间点。
When the bell rang, the students left the classroom.
当铃声响起时，学生们离开了教室。
EN： The word 'just' is used as an adverb here to emphasize a small number or a young age, meaning 'only'.
中文： 单词 'just' 在此作为副词使用，用来强调数量少或年纪小，意为「仅仅」或「只有」。
She was just a child when she started playing the piano.
她开始弹钢琴时还只是个孩子。
EN： The atomic bombing of Hiroshima in 1945 is a pivotal event in world history and Japanese identity. For Issey Miyake, being a 'hibakusha' (atomic bomb survivor) deeply influenced his design philosophy, leading him to focus on creation and life rather than destruction.
中文： 1945 年廣島原子彈爆炸是世界歷史和日本民族認同中的關鍵事件。對於三宅一生來說，作為一名「被爆者」（原子彈倖存者）深刻影響了他的設計哲學，使他致力於創造與生命，而非破壞。
EN： The Passive Voice (be + past participle) is used when the subject is the recipient of the action. Here, 'was exposed' indicates that the radiation affected him, rather than him performing an action.
中文： 被动语态 (be 动词 + 过去分词) 用于主语是动作的接受者时。在这里，「was exposed」表示他受到辐射影响，而不是他主动执行某个动作。
The skin was exposed to direct sunlight for hours.
皮肤在阳光直射下暴露了数小时。
EN： The coordinating conjunction 'but' is used to connect two independent clauses that show a contrast or an unexpected result.
中文： 并列连词「but」用于连接两个具有对比关系或呈现出乎意料结果的独立从句。
She studied hard, but she didn't pass the exam.
她努力学习，但没有通过考试。
EN： This sentence refers to the 1945 atomic bombing of Hiroshima. The term 'radiation sickness' (mentioned in context) and 'effects of radiation' are deeply tied to the historical trauma of Japan and influenced Issey Miyake's later philosophy of creating 'life-giving' rather than 'destructive' designs.
中文： 這句話指的是 1945 年廣島原子彈爆炸。文中提到的「輻射病」和「輻射影響」與日本的歷史創傷深刻相關，並影響了三宅一生後來創造「賦予生命」而非「破壞性」設計的哲學。
EN： The phrasal verb 'die from' is used to indicate the cause of death, typically referring to external factors, injuries, or specific diseases like radiation sickness.
中文： 动词短语「die from」用于表示死因，通常指外部因素、受伤或特定的疾病（如放射病）。
Many people died from the flu during the cold winter.
许多人在寒冷的冬天死于流感。
EN： Sentence Adverbs: Words like 'Tragically' function as sentence adverbs, which modify the entire clause to express the speaker's attitude or evaluation of the event.
中文： 句子副词：像「Tragically」这样的词作为句子副词，修饰整个从句，用以表达说话者对该事件的态度或评价。
Fortunately, no one was injured in the accident.
幸运的是，没有人在这起事故中受伤。
EN： Radiation sickness refers to the acute health effects caused by exposure to high amounts of ionizing radiation, a central theme in the post-war history of Hiroshima and Nagasaki survivors (Hibakusha).
中文： 「放射病」是指暴露於大量電離輻射後產生的急性健康影響。這是廣島與長崎原子彈倖存者（被爆者）戰後歷史中的一個核心主題。
EN： The preposition 'Despite' is used to express contrast. It must be followed by a noun, a noun phrase, or a gerund (V-ing), rather than a full clause with a subject and verb.
中文： 介词 'Despite' 用于表达对比（尽管）。它后面必须接名词、名词短语或动名词（V-ing），而不能接包含主语和动词的完整从句。
Despite the heavy rain, they decided to go for a hike.
尽管下着大雨，他们还是决定去徒步。
EN： The causative verb 'let' is followed by an object and the bare infinitive (the base form of the verb without 'to'). It means to allow or permit something to happen.
中文： 使役动词 'let' 后面接宾语和原形动词（不带 to 的不定式）。它的意思是允许或让某事发生。
Please let me know if you need any help.
如果你需要任何帮助，请让我知道。
EN： The atomic bombing of Hiroshima in 1945 is a pivotal event in Japanese history. For many survivors (known as 'hibakusha'), the trauma was a lifelong burden. Issey Miyake's choice to focus on 'creation' rather than 'destruction' reflects a common post-war Japanese theme of resilience and looking toward the future.
中文： 1945 年廣島原子彈爆炸是日本歷史上的關鍵事件。對於許多倖存者（被稱為「被爆者」）來說，這份創傷是終身的負擔。三宅一生選擇專注於「創造」而非「破壞」，反映了戰後日本常見的韌性與展望未來的精神。
EN： The phrase 'Instead of' is a prepositional phrase used to indicate that something is being replaced by something else. It is followed by a gerund (V-ing) or a noun. 'Dwell on' is a phrasal verb meaning to spend a lot of time thinking or talking about something unpleasant.
中文： 短语 'Instead of' 是一个介词短语，用于表示某事被另一件事取代。其后接动名词 (V-ing) 或名词。'Dwell on' 是一个短语动词，意为花费大量时间思考或谈论令人不快的事情（沉溺于）。
Instead of complaining about the weather, we decided to have a picnic indoors.
我们决定在室内野餐，而不是抱怨天气。
EN： The phrase 'look towards' means to think about or plan for something in the future. Combined with 'with optimism' (a prepositional phrase acting as an adverb), it describes the manner in which the subject views the future.
中文： 'Look towards' 意为思考或规划未来。结合 'with optimism'（作为副词功能的介词短语），它描述了主体看待未来的态度或方式（乐观地）。
The company is looking towards the next decade with confidence.
公司正充满信心地展望下一个十年。
EN： Issey Miyake's resilience is a common theme in Japanese post-war narratives. Despite the trauma of Hiroshima, many survivors (Hibakusha) and their descendants focused on rebuilding and innovation, contributing to Japan's rapid modernization and global cultural influence.
中文： 三宅一生的韌性是日本戰後敘事中的常見主題。儘管經歷了廣島核爆的創傷，許多倖存者（被爆者）及其後代仍致力於重建與創新，這促成了日本的快速現代化及其在全球文化影響力的提升。
EN： Present Participle Phrase (V-ing): Used here as a 'result' or 'simultaneous action' to provide more information about the main clause. It shows that the development of skills happened as a direct result of his studies.
中文： 现在分词短语 (V-ing)：此处用作「结果」或「同时发生的动作」，为主句提供更多信息。这表示技能的培养是他学习后的直接结果。
She spent hours in the library, preparing for her final exams.
她在图书馆待了好几个小时，为期末考试做准备。
EN： Prepositional Phrases for Location: The sentence uses 'at' for a specific institution (Tama Art University) and 'in' for a larger geographical area (Tokyo).
中文： 表示地点的介词短语：句子中使用 'at' 指向特定的机构（多摩美术大学），使用 'in' 指向较大的地理区域（东京）。
He works at a tech company in Silicon Valley.
他在硅谷的一家科技公司工作。
EN： Tama Art University (Tamabi) is one of the most prestigious art schools in Japan. Many world-renowned designers and artists, including Issey Miyake, have graduated from here, making it a central hub for Japanese modern design history.
中文： 多摩美術大學（簡稱多摩美）是日本最頂尖的藝術院校之一。包括三宅一生在內的許多世界知名設計師和藝術家都畢業於此，使其成為日本現代設計史的核心樞紐。
EN： The sentence uses a 'Participle Phrase' (seeing...) as a secondary clause to describe an action happening simultaneously with the main verb, or to provide additional information about the subject.
中文： 本句使用了「分词短语」(seeing...) 作为附属从句，用来描述与主句动词同时发生的动作，或针对主语提供额外补充说明。
She walked out of the room, feeling much better.
她走出房间，感觉好多了。
EN： The phrase 'beyond mere' is used to emphasize that something has a much greater value or significance than a simple or basic level.
中文： 短语 'beyond mere' 用于强调某事物的价值或重要性远远超过了单纯或基本的层面。
The project was a success beyond mere profit.
这个项目的成功不仅仅在于利润。
EN： Issey Miyake is known for bridging the gap between Western high fashion and Japanese functional design. The phrase 'beyond mere luxury' reflects his philosophy that clothing should be practical and artistic for everyone, not just an expensive status symbol.
中文： 三宅一生以彌合西方高級時裝與日本功能性設計之間的鴻溝而聞名。「超越單純的奢侈」這句話反映了他的哲學：服裝應該是實用且具藝術性的，適合每個人，而不僅僅是昂貴的身分象徵。
EN： The 'not A, but B' structure is a correlative conjunction used to contrast two ideas, emphasizing that the second part (B) is the correct or intended one instead of the first part (A).
中文： 「not A, but B」结构是一种并列连词，用于对比两个概念，强调第二部分 (B) 才是正确或预期的，而非第一部分 (A)。
Success is not about luck, but about hard work.
成功不在于运气，而在于努力。
EN： The past participle 'accessible' functions as an adjective here, followed by the preposition 'to' to indicate who can reach or use something.
中文： 形容词「accessible」在此处修饰前面的名词，后接介词「to」用来表示谁可以接触或使用某物。
The library is accessible to all students.
这间图书馆对所有学生开放。
EN： Issey Miyake was known for his 'A-POC' (A Piece of Cloth) concept, which aimed to democratize fashion by using technology to create affordable, mass-produced yet artistic clothing. This sentence reflects his philosophy of breaking down the barriers of high fashion.
中文： 三宅一生以其「A-POC」(A Piece of Cloth) 概念聞名，旨在透過技術創造出價格合理、可量產且具藝術感的服裝，使時尚民主化。這句話反映了他打破高級時裝門檻的哲學。
EN： The sentence uses a 'Noun Clause' as the direct object of the verb 'believed'. The conjunction 'that' is omitted (He believed [that] clothing could...). This is common in informal and semi-formal English when the meaning remains clear.
中文： 本句使用了「名词从句」作为动词 believed 的宾语。连接词 that 在此被省略（He believed [that] clothing could...），这在非正式或半正式英语中非常常见，只要语义清晰即可省略。
She believed hard work would eventually pay off.
她相信努力最终会得到回报。
EN： The phrase 'all walks of life' is an idiomatic expression referring to people from various social backgrounds, occupations, or economic statuses.
中文： 短语「all walks of life」是一个习语，指来自不同社会背景、职业或经济地位的人，通常翻译为「各行各业」或「社会各阶层」。
The festival attracts people from all walks of life.
这场庆典吸引了来自各行各业的人们。
EN： Issey Miyake was known for his 'Pleats Please' line and the concept of 'A Piece of Cloth,' which aimed to make high-end design practical and universal. This sentence reflects his democratic philosophy of fashion, contrasting with the traditional exclusivity of European haute couture.
中文： 三宅一生以其「Pleats Please」（三宅褶皺）系列和「A Piece of Cloth」（一塊布）的概念聞名，旨在讓高端設計變得實用且普及。這句話反映了他對時尚的平民化哲學，與傳統歐洲高級訂製服的排他性形成鮮明對比。
EN： Past Participle Phrase as a Modifier: The sentence begins with 'Driven by...', which is a past participle phrase acting as an adjective to describe the subject (Issey Miyake). It indicates a cause or state.
中文： 过去分词短语作为修饰语：句子以「Driven by...」开头，这是一个过去分词短语，充当形容词来描述主语（三宅一生）。它表示一种原因或状态。
Inspired by the movie, she decided to become a director.
受到这部电影的启发，她决定成为一名导演。
EN： Infinitive of Purpose: The phrase 'to pursue his dreams' uses the 'to + verb' (infinitive) structure to explain the reason or goal behind the main action (moving to Paris).
中文： 不定式表示目的：短语「to pursue his dreams」使用「to + 动词」（不定式）结构，用来解释主句动作（移居巴黎）背后的原因或目标。
He saved money to buy a new car.
他存钱是为了买一辆新车。
EN： Paris has long been considered the global capital of fashion. For an aspiring designer in the mid-20th century, moving to Paris was a essential step to master 'haute couture' (high fashion) and gain international recognition.
中文： 巴黎長期以來被視為全球時尚之都。對於 20 世紀中葉有抱負的設計師來說，移居巴黎是掌握「高級訂製服」(haute couture) 並獲得國際認可的必經之路。
EN： The preposition 'as' is used here to indicate a role, function, or profession. It is followed by a noun phrase describing the capacity in which someone acts.
中文： 介词「as」在此用于表示身份、职能或职业。其后接名词短语，描述某人以何种身份进行活动。
She worked as a volunteer at the local hospital.
她在当地医院担任志愿者。
EN： The preposition 'like' is used to introduce examples. It functions similarly to 'such as' to list specific instances of a general category (in this case, legendary designers).
中文： 介词「like」用于举例。其功能类似于「such as」，用来列举出某一类别（在此指传奇设计师）中的具体实例。
He enjoys outdoor sports like hiking and cycling.
他喜欢徒步和骑自行车等户外运动。
EN： Givenchy and Guy Laroche are iconic French fashion houses. In the mid-20th century, Paris was the undisputed center of 'Haute Couture' (high fashion), and for a Japanese designer like Miyake, apprenticing there was essential for mastering traditional garment construction before innovating his own style.
中文： 紀梵希 (Givenchy) 和姬龍雪 (Guy Laroche) 是法國標誌性的時尚品牌。在 20 世紀中葉，巴黎是無庸置疑的「高級訂製服」(Haute Couture) 中心。對於像三宅一生這樣的日本設計師來說，在那裡擔任學徒是他在開創個人風格之前，掌握傳統服裝結構技術的必經之路。
EN： The Present Participle Phrase (V-ing) is used here as a result or a simultaneous action. 'Mastering' functions as a reduced relative clause or a participial phrase that describes the outcome or an accompanying action of the main verb 'learned'.
中文： 现在分词短语 (V-ing) 在此处用作结果或伴随动作。「Mastering」作为分词短语，描述了主句动词「learned」的结果或同时发生的状态，使句子结构更简洁。
She spent hours in the library, preparing for her final exams.
她在图书馆待了好几个小时，为期末考试做准备。
EN： The Past Simple Tense is used to describe completed actions in the past. In this sentence, 'learned' indicates a specific educational period in Issey Miyake's life that has already concluded.
中文： 一般过去时用于描述过去已完成的动作。在此句中，「learned」表示三宅一生生命中一段已经结束的特定学习时期。
He moved to London in 2010 and started his own business.
他在 2010 年搬到伦敦并开始了自己的事业。
EN： 'Haute couture' is a French term meaning 'high sewing' or 'high fashion.' It refers to the creation of exclusive, custom-fitted clothing, constructed by hand from start to finish. In the fashion world, mastering these techniques in Paris is considered the pinnacle of professional training.
中文： 「Haute couture」是一個法語詞彙，意為「高級縫製」或「高級訂製服」。它指的是從頭到尾手工製作、專為客戶量身打造的專屬服裝。在時尚界，在巴黎掌握這些技術被視為專業訓練的最高殿堂。
EN： The sentence uses a Noun Clause starting with 'that' as the direct object of the verb 'felt'. A noun clause functions as a noun and contains its own subject and verb.
中文： 本句使用了由 'that' 引导的名词从句，作为动词 'felt' 的宾语。名词从句的功能等同于名词，且包含其完整的主语和动词。
She felt that the project needed more time.
她觉得这个项目需要更多时间。
EN： The Past Continuous Tense ('was missing') is used here to describe a state or ongoing feeling within a past context, emphasizing the nature of the situation at that time.
中文： 过去进行时 ('was missing') 在此用于描述过去背景下的某种状态或持续的感受，强调当时情况的本质。
I realized a page was missing from the book.
我发现这本书少了一页。
EN： 'High fashion' (haute couture) traditionally refers to custom-fitted, high-end fashion design that is often expensive and exclusive. Issey Miyake's realization reflects his later move toward 'pleats' and functional art that challenged these traditional, often rigid, European standards.
中文： 「高級時尚」(High fashion/Haute couture) 傳統上指量身訂製的高端時裝設計，通常價格昂貴且具排他性。三宅一生的這種感受反映了他後來轉向「皺褶」設計與功能性藝術的動機，挑戰了當時傳統且往往僵化的歐洲標準。
EN： The past participle phrase 'focused on...' acts as an adjective modifying the noun 'clothes'. It describes the state or characteristic of the clothes.
中文： 过去分词短语「focused on...」在此作为形容词使用，修饰名词「clothes」（衣服），用来描述这些服装的特性或重点。
The company launched a project focused on renewable energy.
这家公司启动了一个专注于可再生能源的项目。
EN： The structure 'not just A' is used to contrast a primary focus with a secondary or limited one, often implying that the first part is more important or comprehensive.
中文： 「not just A」结构用于将主要焦点与次要或受限的观点进行对比，通常暗示前半部分（本句中为动作与自由）比后半部分（静态形状）更为重要或全面。
Success is about hard work, not just luck.
成功关乎努力，而不仅仅是运气。
EN： Issey Miyake was famous for his 'A-POC' (A Piece of Cloth) concept and his pleats, which revolutionized fashion by prioritizing how fabric moves with the human body, contrasting with the structured, rigid tailoring of traditional Western haute couture.
中文： 三宅一生以其「A-POC」（一塊布）的概念和皺褶設計聞名，這顛覆了時尚界。他優先考慮布料如何隨人體擺動，這與傳統西方高級訂製服中結構化、僵硬的剪裁形成鮮明對比。
重要单词附有 IPA 发音、定义、例句和互动式测验。
在本文中： 大面积的破坏与毁灭
在本文中： 暴露于（有害物质或环境）中
在本文中： 心理创伤或痛苦的经历
在本文中： 乐观主义；对未来抱持正面看法
在本文中： 潜力；发展的可能性
在本文中： 易于得到的；大众化的
在本文中： 赋予力量；使更有自主权
在本文中： 学徒；见习生
在本文中： 复杂精细的
在本文中： 静止的；不变动的
片语包含类型标示、双语定义、用法说明和例句。
To think or speak about something for a long time, especially something unpleasant.
老是想着；纠结于
People from various backgrounds, social classes, or professions.
各行各业；社会各阶层
A possession that is taken to indicate a person's high social or professional status.
地位象征
Expensive, trendy, and artistic clothing produced by leading fashion houses.
高级时装
The art or profession of visual communication that combines images, words, and ideas to convey information.
平面设计
A form or appearance that is fixed, showing no movement or change.
静态形状