EN： The phrase 'a growing number of + plural countable noun' functions as a plural subject, meaning that the following verb takes a plural form (e.g., 'have decided'). 'Growing' acts as a participle adjective modifying 'number'.
中文： 短语「a growing number of + 复数可数名词」表示「越来越多的……」，在语法上通常视为复数主语，后方动词需用复数形（如本句中的 have decided）。其中 growing 为现在分词作形容词修饰 number。
A growing number of people prefer working remotely.
越来越多的人偏好远程工作。
EN： The conjunction 'while' introduces an adverbial clause of time, meaning 'during the time that' or 'at the same time as'. The present simple tense ('study') is used here to indicate an ongoing habitual state or routine.
中文： 从属连接词「while」引导时间副词子句，意为「在……期间」或「当……之时」。在此处搭配现在简单式（study）表示就学这段期间的常态或习惯性状态。
He listened to music while he cleaned his room.
他边整理房间边听音乐。
EN： Traditionally in the United Kingdom, going to university meant moving away from home and living in student halls or shared rented houses, which was seen as a key rite of passage into adulthood. However, rising living costs and rent prices have led to a noticeable cultural shift, where staying with parents ('commuter students') is becoming increasingly common.
中文： 传统上在英国，上大学通常意味着搬离原生家庭并住在学生宿舍或合租公寓中，这被视为迈向成年独立的重要成年礼。然而，随着生活成本与房租大幅上涨，英国大学文化正在转变，「住家通勤生」（commuter students）的比例正逐渐增加。
EN： An appositive noun phrase (here: 'the university admissions service') is placed directly beside another noun ('Ucas') to rename, describe, or provide additional identifying information about it, typically set off by commas.
中文： 同位语名词短语（在此为「the university admissions service」）直接置于另一个名词（「Ucas」）之后，用以补充说明或解释该名词的身份或性质，通常前后会用逗号隔开。
Dr. Miller, the head of the science department, announced the new research grant.
科学系主任米勒博士宣布了新的研究补助金。
EN： The verb 'apply' is frequently followed by a full infinitive ('to study') to express the intended purpose or action being requested, forming the pattern 'apply to do something'.
中文： 动词「apply」（申请）常接不定词（to + 原形动词，例如「to study」），表示申请的目的或想要从事的活动，形成「apply to do something」的常见句型。
Thousands of international candidates applied to join the exchange program.
数以千计的国际候选人申请加入这项交换计划。
EN： UCAS (Universities and Colleges Admissions Service) is the centralized organization through which almost all undergraduate applications in the UK are processed. Traditionally, British university culture strongly favors moving away from home to live in student dormitories or shared flats. The phrase 'study from home' highlights a major cultural shift where rising living costs are forcing more students to become 'commuter students'.
中文： 英国大学联招系统（UCAS）是全英国统一处理大学部申请的核心机构。在英国传统的升学文化中，高中毕业生普遍倾向搬离原生家庭、入住大学宿舍或在校外合租公寓，将独立生活视为大学体验的重要部分。因此，「study from home」（住在家裡上大學／走讀）人数激增，反映了因物价及租金高涨所带来的深刻社会与升学文化转变。
EN： Comparative structures with measurements: when stating the degree or extent of comparison, place the measurement (e.g., 'eight percent', 'two inches') directly before the comparative adjective (e.g., 'higher than').
中文： 带有计量词的比较级结构：在表达相差的程度或幅度时，会将数量词（如「eight percent」）直接放在比较级形容词（如「higher than」）之前。
Sales this quarter are ten percent lower than last quarter.
本季度的销售额比上一季度低了百分之十。
EN： Non-defining relative clauses with 'when': after a noun referring to a specific time or period (like 'the previous year'), a comma followed by 'when' adds extra descriptive information without restricting the identity of that time period.
中文： 以「when」引导的非限定关系子句：在表示具体时间或时期的名词（如「the previous year」）之后加上逗号和「when」，用以补充说明当时发生的情况，而不是用来限定该时间。
He graduated in 2020, when the pandemic disrupted traditional ceremonies.
他在2020年毕业，当时疫情扰乱了传统的毕业典礼。
EN： In British higher education, moving away from home to live in university halls of residence (dorms) has traditionally been seen as a rite of passage. Reporting statistics on commuter students highlights a major cultural shift driven by modern economic pressures.
中文： 在英国的高等教育体系中，离家搬进大学宿舍（halls of residence）向来被视为迈入成年的重要成年礼（rite of passage）。新闻对走读通勤学生统计数据的报道，突显出在现代经济压力下校园生活文化的重大转变。
EN： The sentence uses the Present Perfect Passive ('have been identified'). This structure is formed by 'have/has + been + past participle' and is used to describe actions that have occurred in the past and remain relevant now, focusing on the receiver of the action rather than the doer.
中文： 本句使用了「现在完成式的被动语态」（have been identified）。其结构为「have/has + been + 过去分词」，用于表示过去已经完成且影响持续至今的被动词，重点在于承受动作的对象而非执行者。
Several potential solutions have been proposed by the committee.
委员会已经提出了几项潜在的解决方案。
EN： The pattern 'identify [something] as [something]' means to recognize or categorize something as a specific role or cause. In the passive voice, it becomes '[something] is identified as [something]'.
中文： 句型「identify... as...」表示「将……认定／视为……」。转为被动语态时，结构为「... be identified as ...」（……被认为是／被认定为……），常用于新闻报道及学术分析中指出原因或身份。
Lack of sleep has been identified as a major cause of stress.
睡眠不足已被认定为压力的主要原因。
EN： In the UK, university culture has traditionally emphasized moving away from home and living in student halls or shared rented housing. However, the recent 'cost of living crisis' in Britain has made rent and maintenance costs significantly higher, pushing a record number of students to commute from their family homes instead.
中文： 在英国，传统的大学文化生活非常强调离家独立居住，例如入住学生宿舍或在外合租。然而近年英国面临生活成本危机（cost of living crisis），租金与生活费大幅上涨，促使越来越多学生打破传统，选择直接住在家中通勤上学。
EN： An appositive is a noun or noun phrase placed next to another noun to rename or describe it. Here, 'a second-year business student' is set off by commas and provides additional information about the subject 'Lucy Brazier'.
中文： 同位语（Appositive）是放在名词旁边、用来重新命名或补充说明该名词的词或短语。在此句中，「a second-year business student」前后用逗号隔开，作为主语「Lucy Brazier」的同位语，补充说明其身份。
David, an experienced graphic designer, helped us redesign the company website.
大卫是一位经验丰富的平面设计师，他协助我们重新设计了公司网站。
EN： The conjunction 'because' introduces an adverbial clause of reason ('because she lives near the campus'), explaining why the action in the main clause ('commutes to the University of Essex') occurs.
中文： 从属连接词「because」用来引导表示原因的副词子句（because she lives near the campus），说明主要子句动词动作（commutes to...）发生的原因。
Mark walks to work because his apartment is very close to the office.
马克走路去上班，因为他的公寓离办公室非常近。
EN： Traditionally in the UK, university students move away from home to live in university halls of residence or shared student housing. However, rising living costs have led to an increase in 'commuter students' who continue living with family and travel to campus daily.
中文： 在英国传统文化中，大部分大学生会搬离家中，住进学校宿舍或校外合租公寓。然而，近年来由于生活与住宿费用持续高涨，越来越多学生选择成为「通勤学生」，即与家人同住并每天往返校园。
EN： The gerund 'commuting' functions as the subject of the noun clause ('commuting was an easy decision'). Gerunds (verb + -ing) act as nouns and always take singular verbs.
中文： 动名词「commuting」（通勤）在此充当 that 名词从句中的主语（commuting was an easy decision）。动名词短语作为主语时，后续的动词一律视为单数（搭配 was）。
Cooking at home saves a lot of money.
在家做饭能省下很多钱。
EN： The conjunction 'after' introduces an adverbial time clause ('after she compared...'), explaining when the realization or decision took place relative to the action of comparison.
中文： 从属连词「after」（在……之后）引导副词从句（after she compared...），用来说明动作发生的先后时间顺序，此处修饰从句中的主要动词 was。
He chose this course after he spoke to several graduates.
在跟几位毕业生聊过之后，他选择了这门课程。
EN： In British English, 'student halls' (short for 'halls of residence') refers to university-provided student dormitories. Living in halls during the first year is a quintessential UK university tradition, making the choice to commute a notable shift in student lifestyle.
中文： 在英式英语中，「student halls」（即 halls of residence）指大学提供的学生宿舍。传统上，英国大学新生通常第一年都会住进学校宿舍以体验校园生活；因此选择「住家里通勤」在当地被视为相当显著的生活型态转变。
EN： A defining relative clause starting with 'that' modifies the noun phrase 'overnight rooms'. It provides essential information identifying what kind of rooms are offered.
中文： 以「that」引导的限定关系从句用来修饰名词短语「overnight rooms」（过夜客房），提供必要的定义说明这些客房具有何种特性。
The hotel provides free shuttle buses that run every thirty minutes.
该酒店提供每三十分钟一班的免费接驳车。
EN： Passive voice with a modal verb follows the structure 'modal (can) + be + past participle (booked)'. It focuses on the action being possible rather than specifying who performs it.
中文： 情态助动词的被动语态结构为「情态动词 (can) + be + 过去分词 (booked)」，重点在于该行为的可行性，而非指出具体的执行者。
Tickets can be purchased online before the event.
门票可以在活动前于线上购买。
EN： In the UK, many universities that traditionally emphasized full-time, on-campus residency are introducing flexible, low-cost short-stay accommodation for 'commuter students' (students who live at home to save on high rent). Thirty-five pounds per night is considered very economical compared to standard commercial hotel rates in Britain.
中文： 在英国，传统上强调校内住宿的大学正逐步为「通勤学生」（为了省下高昂租金而住在家中的学生）推出平价且具弹性的短住方案。相较于英国一般的商业旅馆价格，一晚三十五英镑显得非常实惠。
EN： The present perfect tense ('has used') connects a past action or experience with the present. Here, it indicates that Brazier has had the experience of using the service up to the present moment.
中文： 现在完成式（has used）用来连接过去发生的动作或经验与现在的关联。在此处表示布拉齐尔直到目前为止，具备使用这项服务的经验。
He has visited the campus library several times this semester.
他这学期已经造访过校园图书馆好几次了。
EN： A non-defining relative clause introduced by 'which' (preceded by a comma) can refer back to an entire previous clause or situation, rather than just a single preceding noun. The parenthetical phrase 'she says' is embedded within it.
中文： 由逗号引导的非限定关系子句（以 'which' 开头），可以指代前面整个子句所描述的整件事情或情况，而不不仅仅是前面的单一名词。其中还插入了表示说法的插入语「she says」。
The train was delayed for an hour, which was quite frustrating.
火车延误了一小时，这令人相当沮丧。
EN： In the UK, university life has traditionally revolved around moving away from home into student halls or shared flats. With the rise of commuter students, some universities now provide low-cost 'overnight rooms' or flexible guest accommodation so students can still participate in evening social life or avoid early morning travel on exam days.
中文： 在英国，传统的大学生活多半是搬离原生家庭并住进学生宿舍或合租公寓。随着走读（通勤）学生比例增加，部分大学开始提供平价的「临时过夜宿舍（overnight rooms）」，让通勤生也能参与夜间的社交活动，或在考试当天避免一大早赶车。
EN： The present continuous tense ('are now adapting') is used here to describe an ongoing trend or gradual change happening around the present moment.
中文： 此处使用现在进行式（'are now adapting'）来描述当前正在发生、持续推进中的趋势或渐进式转变。
Many companies are adapting to hybrid working models this year.
许多公司今年正在调整适应混合办公模式。
EN： The infinitive of purpose ('to meet...') explains why the action is taking place, answering 'for what purpose?'. The phrase 'meet the needs of' is a common collocation meaning to satisfy requirements.
中文： 不定词作目的状语（'to meet...'）用来修饰动词 adapting，说明动作发生的目的（为了……）。其中「meet the needs of」是常见固定搭配，意为「满足……的需求」。
The school updated its library to meet the needs of modern learners.
学校更新了图书馆设施，以满足现代学习者的需求。
EN： Traditionally in the UK, university students left home to live in halls of residence or rented shared houses as an essential rite of passage. Due to soaring rent and cost of living pressures, 'commuter students' (students who live with their parents and travel to campus) have become a prominent and growing demographic, prompting universities to adapt class schedules and facilities.
中文： 传统上，英国大学生大多会离家住校或租房合住，这被视为迈向独立的重要人生历程。然而，随着租金与生活成本大幅上涨，「通勤学生」（住在家中往返校园就读者）人数剧增，促使各大学纷纷调整课表及校园设施以因应这股新趋势。
EN： An appositive phrase is a noun or noun phrase that immediately follows another noun to rename or describe it. Here, 'the chief executive of Universities UK' is set off by commas to explain who 'Vivienne Stern' is.
中文： 同位语（Appositive）是紧跟在另一个名词之后、用来补充说明或重新指称该名词的名词或名词短语。在此句中，由逗号隔开的「the chief executive of Universities UK」就是主语「Vivienne Stern」的同位语，用以说明其职称与机构。
Mr. Davis, the principal of the high school, gave an inspiring speech.
高中校长戴维斯先生发表了一场鼓舞人心的演讲。
EN： A noun clause introduced by 'that' functions as the direct object of a reporting verb such as 'says', 'believes', or 'thinks'. It expresses what was stated.
中文： 由连接词「that」引导的名词子句常放在「says」、「believes」或「thinks」等转述动词之后，作为整句的宾语，用来说明陈述的具体内容。
The report suggests that online education is becoming more popular.
该报告指出线上教育正变得越来越受欢迎。
EN： Universities UK (UUK) is the collective advocacy organisation representing over 140 universities across England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland. Traditionally in the UK, going to university meant moving away from home and living in halls of residence; this cultural norm is shifting due to rising living costs, leading more students to commute.
中文： 英国大学协会（Universities UK, 简称 UUK）是代表英国境内 140 多所大学的官方组织。传统上，英国大学生大多会离开家乡搬进学生宿舍生活；然而随着生活成本与住宿费用上升，越来越多学生选择住家里通勤，使得传统的校园生活型态正面临转变。
EN： The sentence uses a noun clause introduced by 'that' as the direct object of the reporting verb 'explains'. Inside this clause, another clause modifies 'resources' using a relative clause ('that are designed...').
中文： 本句使用由连接词 'that' 引导的名词子句（that-clause）作为转述动词 'explains' 的宾语。在此子句内部，又包含由关系代词 'that' 引导的关系子句（形容词子句），用以修饰先行词 'resources'。
He mentioned that the company provides training sessions that are tailored for beginners.
他提到公司提供了专为初学者量身打造的培训课程。
EN： The relative pronoun 'who' introduces a defining relative clause ('who have longer journeys or other responsibilities') modifying the noun 'students'.
中文： 关系代词 'who' 引导限定用法的关系子句（形容词子句），用来具体修饰先行词 'students'（学生），说明这些学生的特质或情况。
The library offers quiet areas for students who need to concentrate on exam preparation.
图书馆为需要专心准备考试的学生提供安静的区域。
EN： In British higher education, 'timetables' refers to academic class schedules. Traditionally, UK undergraduate degrees expect students to live on campus or in nearby private rented housing. With rising living costs, UK universities are shifting toward supporting 'commuter students' through condensed block teaching (e.g., all lectures on two fixed days a week) rather than spreading classes thinly across five days.
中文： 在英国高等教育体系中，'timetables' 指的是课堂排程或课表。传统上英国大学生多倾向住在校园宿舍或邻近租屋；但近年随着生活成本大增，越来越多学生选择通勤。因此许多英国大学开始实施弹性排课（例如将每周课程集中在两到三天），以减轻通勤学生的交通负担与时间成本。
EN： The sentence uses the present perfect passive voice ('have been reorganised'). It is formed with 'have/has + been + past participle' and is used to describe an action completed in the past that has a direct relevance or result in the present, while focusing on the receiver of the action rather than the doer.
中文： 此句使用了现在完成式的被动语态（'have been reorganised'）。其结构为「have/has + been + 过去分词」，用于表示过去已完成、但对现在仍有直接影响或结果的动作，并着重于承受动作的对象（课程）而非执行者。
The library schedule has been changed to support working students.
图书馆的开放时间已经被调整，以支援在职学生。
EN： 'So that' is a subordinating conjunction used to indicate purpose or result ('in order that'). It is usually followed by a clause containing a subject and a modal verb or present/past tense verb.
中文： 「So that」（以便／为了）是一个从属连接词，用于引导表示目的或结果的子句。其后通常接一个包含主词和动词（或情态助动词）的完整子句。
We moved closer to the station so that we could save time on our commute.
我们搬到离车站更近的地方，以便节省通勤时间。
EN： In the UK, traditional university culture heavily emphasized living away from home in student halls ('halls of residence'). However, due to the sharp rise in living costs, 'commuter students' (students who travel daily from their family home) have become much more common, prompting universities to adapt course timetables (e.g., consolidating lectures into fewer days).
中文： 在英国传统的大学文化中，学生多半会离家住在学校宿舍（halls of residence）。然而随着生活成本急剧上涨，「通勤学生」（commuter students）大幅增加，迫使各大学调整课程时间表（例如将实体课程集中在每周少数几天），以减轻学生交通负担。
EN： Non-defining relative clauses use commas to give extra, non-essential information about a noun. The relative pronoun 'who' refers to people and cannot be replaced by 'that' in non-defining clauses.
中文： 非限定关系从句（Non-defining relative clauses）使用逗号隔开，用来提供先行词的补充说明或额外信息。此处先行词为人，使用关系代词「who」，在非限定从句中不能换成「that」。
David, who recently joined our team, has won an international award.
最近加入我们团队的大卫获得了一项国际大奖。
EN： The present perfect continuous tense (has/have been + verb-ing) indicates an action that started in the past and is still continuing into the present, often accompanied by 'for' or 'since' to show duration.
中文： 现在完成进行式（has/have been + 动词-ing）表示动作从过去某个时间点开始，持续进行到现在且可能继续下去。常用「for + 一段时间」表示持续的时间长度。
She has been working on this research project for six months.
她进行这项研究计划已经有六个月了。
EN： The National Union of Students (NUS) is a confederation of student unions in the United Kingdom, representing several million students. Its leadership often comments publicly on government educational policy, tuition fees, and student living costs.
中文： 英国全国学生联合会（National Union of Students，简称 NUS）是英国各大专院校学生会的联合组织，代表数百万名学生的权益。其领导层常就政府的教育政策、学费标准及学生生活成本等议题公开发声。
EN： The conjunction 'that' introduces a noun clause functioning as the direct object of the verb 'believes'. In spoken English, 'that' is often optional, but in formal or written English it is commonly retained.
中文： 连接词「that」引导名词从句，作为动词「believes」的宾语。在口语中「that」常可省略，但在正式或书面语中通常会保留。
He believes that regular exercise improves mental health.
他认为规律运动能改善心理健康。
EN： The idiom 'play a role (in something)' means to be an involved factor or to have an effect on a situation. Here it is used in the present perfect tense ('have played a role') to describe an ongoing or relevant influence.
中文： 成语「play a role (in something)」意思是「（在某事中）扮演角色、发挥作用或产生影响」。本句中使用现在完成式（have played a role），表示这项影响从过去持续至今或仍具现实关联。
Diet and sleep have also played a role in his recovery.
饮食与睡眠也在他的康复过程中发挥了作用。
EN： Traditionally, UK university students almost universally left home to live in halls or private rentals, making 'moving away' a key rite of passage. Campbell's comment highlights a significant cultural shift where living at home is no longer seen merely as an economic compromise, but also as a normal personal and lifestyle choice.
中文： 传统上，英国大学生几乎普遍会离家入住学生宿舍或租房，独立生活被视为成年仪式的重要一环。坎贝尔的发言点出了深刻的文化变迁：如今住在家中通勤求学，已不再单纯被视为经济上的妥协，更逐渐成为被社会普遍接受的个人生活方式选择。
EN： The structure 'the idea of + V-ing' uses a gerund phrase after the preposition 'of' to define or explain the specific content of the noun 'idea'.
中文： 「the idea of + 动名词（V-ing）」结构中，介词 of 后接动名词短语，作为同位语或修饰语，用来说明 idea（想法、念头）的具体内容。
The idea of working from home appeals to many employees.
在家工作的想法吸引了许多员工。
EN： The passive pattern 'be seen as + adjective/noun' means 'to be regarded or considered as something'. The adverb 'no longer' modifies the verb phrase to indicate that a past state has ceased.
中文： 被动语态句型「be seen as + 形容词/名词」表示「被视为……」。副词「no longer」意为「不再」，修饰动词短语以表达某种过去的情况已停止存在。
Owning a car is no longer seen as a necessity in the city.
在城市里，拥有汽车已不再被视为必需品。
EN： Historically in the UK, going to university was considered a rite of passage that involved moving away from home and living independently in halls of residence. Rising living and accommodation costs have shifted this cultural expectation, making commuting and living with parents increasingly common and normalized.
中文： 传统上在英国，上大学常被视为迈向成年的重要成年礼（rite of passage），学生多半会离家搬进学校宿舍或校外租屋以学习独立生活。然而，随着住宿与生活成本持续飙升，这种文化观念正在转变，通勤上学并与家人同住逐渐被大众视为正常且务实的选择。
EN： The conjunction 'as' is used here to indicate a proportional change or simultaneous progression, meaning 'in proportion to the way in which' or 'while'. It connects the adverbial clause of progression ('As commuting becomes more common') to the main clause.
中文： 从属连词「as」在此处表示「随着……」，引导表伴随或比例变化的副词子句（As commuting becomes more common），用来描述两个情境随着时间同时发展的趋势。
As technology advances, remote work is becoming more accessible.
随着科技进步，远程工作正变得更加容易实现。
EN： The structure 'how + subject + verb' acts as a noun clause functioning as the direct object of the verb 'change'. Here, 'how they deliver education' means 'the way in which they deliver education'.
中文： 由疑问词「how」引导的名词子句（how they deliver education）作及物动词「change」的受词，语意相当于「the way that...」（他们提供教育的方式）。
The manager explained how we should handle customer complaints.
经理说明了我们应该如何处理顾客抱怨。
EN： In the UK, the traditional university experience has historically involved moving away from home to live in student halls or shared housing. However, rising living costs have fueled the rise of 'commuter students' who stay at home, prompting universities to modernize schedules and digital learning.
中文： 在英国传统观念中，读大学通常意味着搬离原生家庭、住在学生宿舍或合租公寓。然而近年因生活成本攀升，「通勤学生」（commuter students）大幅增加，促使许多英国大学调整课程时间表并强化远程教学以适应此转变。
重要单词附有 IPA 发音、定义、例句和互动式测验。
在本文中： 入學許可；准許進入
在本文中： 住所；住宿
在本文中： 趨勢；趨向
在本文中： 通勤；上下班或上下學往返
在本文中： 適應；調整以符合新情況
在本文中： 主管；執行長
在本文中： 有彈性的；靈活的
在本文中： 責任；職責
在本文中： 偏好；喜好
在本文中： 傳授；提供（教育或服務）
片语包含类型标示、双语定义、用法说明和例句。
only a short time before something happens, without much advance warning
临时；在短时间内通知
to satisfy the requirements or demands of someone or something
满足……的需求
to have an active part in an event, process, or situation; to be an influencing factor
发挥作用；扮演角色；成为因素之一
a college or university student who lives off-campus and travels to classes rather than living in student housing
通勤学生；走读生
the stress or difficulty caused by not having enough money or facing high expenses
经济压力；财务困境