EN： The Present Perfect Tense (have/has + past participle) is used here to describe an action that happened at an unspecified time in the past and has a result in the present, or to report recent news.
中文： 现在完成时（have/has + 过去分词）在此用于描述过去某个不确定时间发生且对现在有影响的动作，或用于报道最新消息。
The athlete has broken the world record three times this year.
这位运动员今年已经三次打破世界纪录。
EN： The conjunction 'after' introduces a subordinate clause that indicates the sequence of events. In this sentence, the announcement happened, leading to the recognition of the broken record.
中文： 连词「after」引导一个从句，用来表示事件的先后顺序。在本句中，先有了主办单位的宣布，随后才确认纪录被打破。
The team celebrated after they won the championship.
球队在赢得冠军后进行了庆祝。
EN： The London Marathon is one of the six World Marathon Majors. It is famous not only for elite competition but also as a massive fundraising event where many participants run in fancy dress for charity.
中文： 倫敦馬拉松是世界馬拉松大滿貫的六大賽事之一。它不僅以精英競技著稱，也是一個巨大的慈善籌款活動，許多參賽者會穿著奇裝異服為慈善而跑。
EN： The Present Perfect Tense (has/have + past participle) is used here to describe an action that happened at an unspecified time in the past and has a result or relevance to the present situation.
中文： 现在完成时（has/have + 过去分词）在此用于描述过去某个不确定时间点发生的动作，且该动作与现在的情况有相关性或产生了结果。
She has already finished her application for the competition.
她已经完成了比赛的申请。
EN： Noun Clauses starting with 'that' function as the object of the verb 'means'. It introduces a statement that explains the implication of the previous sentence.
中文： 由 'that' 引导的名词性从句作为动词 'means' 的宾语。它引出一个陈述，用来解释前一句话所隐含的意义。
The report shows that more people are interested in health.
报告显示越来越多的人对健康感兴趣。
EN： The London Marathon is one of the 'World Marathon Majors'. Due to its immense popularity, entry is primarily decided by a 'ballot' (a random draw), making it very difficult for the average person to secure a spot, as reflected in the 1.8% statistic of the entire UK adult population applying.
中文： 倫敦馬拉松是「世界馬拉松大滿貫」之一。由於其極受歡迎，參賽名額主要透過「抽籤」（ballot）決定，這使得一般人很難獲得名額，從英國成年人口中有 1.8% 報名這一數據便可看出其競爭之激烈。
EN： Non-defining relative clauses: Using ', which' to provide extra information about the entire preceding clause or the noun immediately before it.
中文： 非限定性定语从句：使用「, which」来对前面的整个从句或紧邻的名词提供额外的补充说明。
The team won the championship, which surprised everyone.
球队赢得了冠军，这让每个人都很惊讶。
EN： The past simple tense: Used here to describe a completed action in the past (reaching a specific number).
中文： 一般过去时：此处用于描述过去已完成的动作（达到特定数值）。
The temperature reached 40 degrees yesterday.
昨天气温达到了 40 度。
EN： The London Marathon is one of the six World Marathon Majors. Its popularity is so high that entry is primarily determined by a 'ballot' (a random draw), making it extremely difficult to secure a spot.
中文： 倫敦馬拉松是世界馬拉松大滿貫的六大賽事之一。由於其受歡迎程度極高，參賽名額主要透過「抽籤」（ballot）決定，因此要獲得參賽資格非常困難。
EN： Present Perfect Tense (have + past participle): Used to describe an action that started in the past and continues to the present, or has relevance to the present moment.
中文： 现在完成时（have + 过去分词）：用于描述从过去开始并持续到现在，或与现在情况相关的动作或状态。
The number of runners has increased since 2020.
自 2020 年以来，跑者的数量有所增加。
EN： Adverb Placement: Adverbs like 'quickly' often follow the verb they modify to describe the manner of the action.
中文： 副词位置：像 'quickly' 这样的副词通常放在其修饰的动词之后，用来描述动作进行的方式。
She ran quickly to the finish line.
她快速地跑向终点线。
EN： The London Marathon is one of the 'World Marathon Majors'. Its increasing popularity reflects a global trend where mass-participation sporting events are becoming significant cultural and charitable milestones, not just athletic competitions.
中文： 倫敦馬拉松是「世界馬拉松大滿貫」之一。其受歡迎程度的提升反映了一種全球趨勢：大眾參與型體育賽事正成為重要的文化與慈善里程碑，而不僅僅是體育競技。
EN： The past simple tense is used here to describe a completed action at a specific time in the past ('Last year'). The regular verb 'apply' changes to 'applied' by changing the 'y' to 'i' and adding 'ed'.
中文： 这里使用一般过去时来描述过去特定时间（去年）已完成的动作。规则动词「apply」的过去式变化为将「y」改为「i」后加上「ed」，成为「applied」。
She applied for a new job yesterday.
她昨天应聘了一份新工作。
EN： The preposition 'for' is used after the verb 'apply' to indicate the object or goal of the application (e.g., a job, a race, or a position).
中文： 介词「for」接在动词「apply」之后，用来表示申请或报名的对象或目标（例如：工作、比赛或职位）。
Many students applied for the scholarship.
许多学生申请了这项奖学金。
EN： The London Marathon is one of the most prestigious long-distance running events in the world. Due to its extreme popularity, most participants must enter a 'ballot' (a random draw) to get a spot, as the number of applicants far exceeds the race's capacity.
中文： 倫敦馬拉松是世界上最負盛名的長跑賽事之一。由於其極受歡迎，大多數參賽者必須通過「抽籤」(ballot) 才能獲得名額，因為申請人數遠遠超過了比賽的承載能力。
EN： The Present Perfect Tense (have/has + past participle) is used here to describe an action that happened in the past and has a direct result or relevance to the present moment.
中文： 现在完成时（have/has + 过去分词）在此用于描述过去发生且对现在有直接结果或关联的动作。
The price of tickets has increased recently.
门票价格最近上涨了。
EN： The preposition 'by' is used to indicate the amount or degree of change when talking about increases or decreases.
中文： 介词 'by' 用于表示增加或减少时的具体数量或程度（差距）。
The temperature dropped by ten degrees.
气温下降了十度。
EN： The London Marathon is one of the 'World Marathon Majors'. The massive increase in applications reflects a global post-pandemic surge in health consciousness and the popularity of mass-participation sporting events.
中文： 倫敦馬拉松是「世界馬拉松大滿貫」之一。申請人數的大幅增加反映了全球在疫情後健康意識的激增，以及大型參與式體育賽事的普及。
EN： The phrase 'Compared to' is used to introduce a comparison between two things or situations. It often functions as a prepositional phrase at the beginning of a sentence.
中文： 短语「Compared to」用于引入两个事物或情况之间的比较。它通常作为介词短语放在句首，用来设定比较的基准。
Compared to last month, sales have improved significantly.
与上个月相比，销售额有显著提升。
EN： The Present Perfect Tense (has/have + past participle) is used here to describe an action that happened in the past and has a result or relevance in the present.
中文： 现在完成时（has/have + 过去分词）在此用于描述过去发生且与现在有结果关联或影响的动作。
The population of the city has grown since 2010.
自 2010 年以来，这座城市的人口已经增长了。
EN： The London Marathon is one of the most prestigious running events globally. The massive surge in applications reflects a post-pandemic global trend where health and outdoor activities have seen unprecedented participation levels.
中文： 倫敦馬拉松是全球最負盛名的跑步賽事之一。報名人數的大幅增長反映了後疫情時代的一種全球趨勢，即人們對健康和戶外活動的參與度達到了前所未有的水平。
EN： The Present Perfect Tense (has/have + past participle) is used here to describe an action or state that started in the past and continues to be relevant or true in the present.
中文： 现在完成时（has/have + 过去分词）在此用于描述从过去开始并持续到现在，或对现在仍有影响的动作或状态。
The city has changed a lot over the last ten years.
这座城市在过去十年间发生了很大的变化。
EN： The word 'that' functions as a conjunction to introduce a noun clause, which serves as the direct object of the verb 'show'.
中文： 单词 'that' 作为连词引导名词性从句，该从句作为动词 'show' 的宾语。
Research shows that exercise improves mental health.
研究显示运动能改善心理健康。
EN： The phrase 'across the world' highlights the global nature of the running boom. Major marathons like the London Marathon have transitioned from elite sporting events to mass-participation festivals that attract people from all walks of life.
中文： 短語 'across the world' 突顯了跑步熱潮的全球性。像倫敦馬拉松這樣的大型賽事，已從精英體育競技轉變為吸引各行各業人士參與的大眾節慶。
EN： Appositives are nouns or noun phrases that follow another noun to provide more information or identify it. In this sentence, 'the CEO of the London Marathon' explains who Hugh Brasher is.
中文： 同位语（Appositives）是紧跟在另一个名词后面的名词或名词短语，用于提供更多信息或识别该名词。在本句中，「the CEO of the London Marathon」解释了休·布拉舍的身份。
Mr. Smith, my English teacher, is very kind.
史密斯先生，我的英文老师，为人非常亲切。
EN： The Past Simple tense is used to describe completed actions in the past. The verb 'welcomed' is the regular past form of 'welcome', indicating the action happened when the figures were announced.
中文： 一般过去时（Past Simple）用于描述过去已完成的动作。动词「welcomed」是「welcome」的规则过去式，表示在数据公布时所做出的反应。
The team celebrated the victory yesterday.
球队昨天庆祝了胜利。
EN： The London Marathon is one of the six World Marathon Majors. The CEO, Hugh Brasher, is the son of Chris Brasher, who co-founded the event in 1981. The massive number of applicants reflects the event's status as a major global sporting and charity event.
中文： 倫敦馬拉松是世界馬拉松大滿貫（World Marathon Majors）的六大賽事之一。執行長休·布拉舍是克里斯·布拉舍的兒子，後者於 1981 年共同創立了這項賽事。龐大的申請人數反映了該賽事作為全球重大體育與慈善活動的地位。
EN： The Noun Clause with 'that': This structure acts as the object of the verb 'said'. It allows the speaker to report a statement or fact. 'That' is a conjunction that introduces the subordinate clause.
中文： that 引导的名词性从句：此结构作为动词「said」的宾语。它允许说话者转述一个陈述或事实。「that」是引导从属从句的连词。
She said that the weather would be sunny tomorrow.
她说明天天气会很晴朗。
EN： The 'Make + Object + Complement' structure: Here, 'makes' is followed by an object ('London') and an object complement ('the most popular marathon...'). This structure describes the result or status of the object caused by the subject.
中文： 「Make + 宾语 + 补语」结构：这里的「makes」后面跟着宾语（伦敦）和宾语补足语（最受欢迎的马拉松...）。此结构描述了主语对宾语所造成的结果或状态。
Hard work makes him a successful person.
努力工作使他成为一个成功的人。
EN： The London Marathon is one of the 'World Marathon Majors'. Its popularity is reflected in the 'ballot' system, where hundreds of thousands apply for a very limited number of spots, making it a highly prestigious event to participate in.
中文： 倫敦馬拉松是「世界馬拉松大滿貫」之一。其受歡迎程度體現在「抽籤」制度中，數十萬人申請極少數的名額，使其成為一項參與門檻極高且具聲望的賽事。
EN： The phrase 'come close to' is an idiomatic expression meaning to be almost as good, large, or important as something else. It is often used in negative sentences to emphasize that something is unique or superior.
中文： 短语「come close to」是一个惯用语，意思是「与...接近」或「与...相提并论」。常用于否定句中，用来强调某事物是独一无二或远远超越其他的。
No other smartphone comes close to this model in terms of camera quality.
就相机质量而言，没有其他智能手机可以与这款型号相提并论。
EN： The word 'that' functions here as a conjunction introducing a noun clause (reported speech). It connects the reporting verb 'added' to the information being added.
中文： 单词「that」在此作为连词，引导一个名词性从句（间接引语）。它将转述动词「added」（补充说）与所要补充的信息连接起来。
She added that the meeting would start at ten o'clock.
她补充说会议将在十点钟开始。
EN： In the context of major sporting events like the London Marathon, 'numbers' often refers to registration or participation statistics. The phrase 'nothing else comes close' reflects the immense global prestige and scale of the London Marathon compared to other world-class races.
中文： 在倫敦馬拉松等大型體育賽事的語境中，「numbers」通常指報名人數或參賽統計數據。「nothing else comes close」這句話反映了倫敦馬拉松與其他世界級賽事相比，所擁有的巨大全球聲望與規模。
EN： The phrase 'According to' is a prepositional phrase used to indicate the source of information or an opinion.
中文： 短语「According to」是一个介词短语，用于表示信息的来源或某人的观点，中文常译为「根据…」或「据…所说」。
According to the weather forecast, it will rain tomorrow.
根据天气预报，明天会下雨。
EN： The structure 'inspire [someone] to [verb]' is used to describe the act of giving someone the desire or confidence to do something.
中文： 结构「inspire [某人] to [动词]」用于描述激励或启发某人去做某事，赋予其动力或信心。
The teacher inspired her students to read more books.
这位老师激励她的学生阅读更多书籍。
EN： The London Marathon is famous for its inclusivity, encouraging not just elite athletes but also 'fun runners' of all backgrounds and physical abilities to participate, often for charitable causes.
中文： 倫敦馬拉松以其包容性聞名，不僅鼓勵頂尖運動員，也鼓勵各種背景和體能狀況的「趣味跑者」參與，且通常是為了慈善目的而跑。
EN： The use of 'that' as a conjunction to introduce a noun clause. In this sentence, 'that' introduces the specific information being reported by the team.
中文： 使用「that」作为连词来引导名词性从句。在本句中，「that」引导了团队所报告的具体信息内容。
The teacher said that the exam was easy.
老师说考试很简单。
EN： The adverb 'alone' used for emphasis. When placed after a noun or noun phrase, it means 'only' and emphasizes that the specific thing mentioned is sufficient to produce a result or reach a total.
中文： 副词「alone」用于强调。当放在名词或名词短语之后时，意为「仅仅、单单」，强调所提到的特定事物本身就足以产生某种结果或达到某个总数。
The rent alone costs one thousand dollars a month.
单单房租每个月就要花费一千美元。
EN： The London Marathon is one of the most prestigious running events globally. The fact that over one million people applied from the UK alone reflects the deep-rooted running culture in the country and the event's status as a national institution.
中文： 倫敦馬拉松是全球最負盛名的跑步賽事之一。僅英國就有超過一百萬人報名，這反映了該國根深蒂固的跑步文化，以及該賽事作為國家級盛會的地位。
EN： The structure 'This is the first time (that)...' is used to describe a unique or record-breaking occurrence. It is commonly followed by the present perfect tense (have/has + past participle) to emphasize the completion of the action up to the present moment.
中文： 句型「This is the first time (that)...」用于描述唯一或破纪录的发生情况。后面通常接现在完成时（have/has + 过去分词），以强调动作直到目前为止的完成状态。
This is the first time that I have visited London.
这是我第一次访问伦敦。
EN： The present perfect tense 'have passed' indicates an action that happened at an unspecified time in the past but has relevance or results in the present.
中文： 现在完成时「have passed」表示动作发生在过去的不特定时间，但与现在有相关性或对现在产生了结果。
The company has passed its annual sales target.
该公司已经超过了其年度销售目标。
EN： The 'one million mark' is a significant milestone in large-scale events. In the context of the London Marathon, reaching this number of applicants from the UK alone highlights the immense popularity of running as a sport in British culture and the prestige of this specific event.
中文： 「一百萬大關」是大型活動中的一個重要里程碑。在倫敦馬拉松的背景下，僅英國就有如此多的申請者，凸顯了跑步這項運動在英國文化中的極高普及度，以及這項賽事的聲望。
EN： Passive Voice (be + past participle): Used when the action is more important than the person performing it. In this sentence, 'were received' focuses on the applications arriving.
中文： 被动语态 (be 动词 + 过去分词)：当动作本身比执行动作的人更重要时使用。在本句中，「were received」强调的是申请件被收到的事实。
The results were announced by the committee yesterday.
结果已由委员会于昨天公布。
EN： The adjective 'additional': Used to describe an extra amount or quantity that is added to something already mentioned.
中文： 形容词「additional」：用于描述在已经提到的基础上额外增加的数量或数额。
We need additional information before making a decision.
在做决定之前，我们需要额外的信息。
EN： The London Marathon is one of the six World Marathon Majors. Its massive global appeal is reflected in the fact that it receives applications from nearly every country, making it a truly international sporting event.
中文： 倫敦馬拉松是世界馬拉松大滿貫的六大賽事之一。其巨大的全球吸引力體現在它收到來自幾乎每個國家的申請，使其成為一項真正的國際體育盛事。
EN： The relative pronoun 'which' can be used to introduce a non-defining relative clause that refers back to the entire preceding clause, rather than just the noun before it.
中文： 关系代词 'which' 可用于引导非限定性定语从句，用来补充说明前面的「整个句子」所提到的情况，而不仅仅是指代紧邻的名词。
He passed the exam with high marks, which surprised everyone.
他以高分通过了考试，这让每个人都很惊讶。
EN： The verb 'appeal' is often followed by the preposition 'to' to indicate who or what finds something attractive or interesting.
中文： 动词 'appeal'（吸引）通常后接介词 'to'，用来表示某事物对某人或某群体具有吸引力或感兴趣。
The new design appeals to younger customers.
这个新设计对年轻顾客很有吸引力。
EN： The London Marathon is known for its inclusivity. The fact that participation is nearly equal between genders reflects a broader trend in global sports where female participation in long-distance running has surged over the last few decades.
中文： 倫敦馬拉松以其包容性著稱。男女參與比例幾乎相等，反映了全球體育運動的一個大趨勢：在過去幾十年中，女性參與長跑運動的人數大幅增加。
EN： The past participle 'aged' is used here as a reduced relative clause (short for 'who were aged') to function as an adjective modifying the noun 'women'. It specifies the age range of the group.
中文： 过去分词「aged」在此处用作简化关系从句（原为「who were aged」），作为形容词修饰名词「women」（女性），用来指明该群体的年龄范围。
The program is designed for children aged 5 to 10.
这个计划是为 5 到 10 岁的儿童设计的。
EN： Sentence adverbs like 'Interestingly' are used at the beginning of a sentence to express the speaker's attitude or comment on the entire statement that follows.
中文： 句子副词（如「Interestingly」）通常置于句首，用来表达说话者对接下来整个陈述内容的态度或评论。
Fortunately, no one was hurt in the accident.
幸运的是，没有人在这起事故中受伤。
EN： The high interest among young women (aged 20-29) in the London Marathon reflects a global trend where running is increasingly seen as a social and wellness activity rather than just a competitive sport. This demographic shift has influenced how major marathons are marketed and organized.
中文： 20 到 29 歲年輕女性對倫敦馬拉松的高度興趣，反映了一種全球趨勢：跑步越來越被視為一種社交與健康活動，而不僅僅是競爭性運動。這種人口結構的轉變也影響了大型馬拉松賽事的行銷與組織方式。
EN： The phrase 'More than' is used as a quantifier to indicate a quantity that exceeds a specific number. It functions as a modifier for the noun phrase that follows.
中文： 「More than」是一个数量修饰语，用来表示超过某个特定的数字。它在句中修饰其后的名词短语。
More than 500 students attended the seminar.
超过 500 名学生参加了这场研讨会。
EN： The past simple tense 'applied' is used here to describe a completed action in the past. When followed by the preposition 'for', it indicates the object of the application (the marathon).
中文： 一般过去时动词「applied」用于描述过去已完成的动作。当后面接介词「for」时，表示申请或报名的对象（在此为马拉松）。
She applied for a new job last week.
她上周应聘了一份新工作。
EN： The London Marathon is famous for its 'ballot' system, where hundreds of thousands apply for a limited number of spots. The high number of young female applicants reflects a global trend in the increasing participation of women in long-distance running, which was historically male-dominated.
中文： 倫敦馬拉松以其「抽籤」制度聞名，每年有數十萬人爭奪有限的名額。年輕女性申請者人數眾多，反映了全球女性參與長跑運動的增長趨勢，這在歷史上曾是以男性為主的運動。
EN： The Present Simple tense is used here to state a fact or a current situation. The verb 'reflects' takes an '-s' because the subject 'This trend' is third-person singular.
中文： 一般现在时在此用于陈述事实或现状。动词「reflects」加上了「-s」，是因为主语「This trend」（这一趋势）是第三人称单数。
The data shows a similar pattern in other sports.
数据显示其他运动中也有类似的模式。
EN： Gerunds as Objects: 'Running' is a gerund (verb + -ing) acting as a noun. It functions as the object of the preposition 'of' within the noun phrase 'popularity of running'.
中文： 动名词作为宾语：「Running」是一个动名词（动词 + -ing），在此作为名词使用。它在名词短语「popularity of running」（跑步的普及度）中担任介词「of」的宾语。
She enjoys swimming in the ocean.
她喜欢在海里游泳。
EN： The sentence highlights a shift in marathon demographics. Historically, marathons were dominated by older, experienced runners, but events like the London Marathon are seeing a massive surge in interest from Gen Z and Millennials, often driven by social media 'run clubs'.
中文： 這句話強調了馬拉松人口結構的轉變。歷史上，馬拉松主要由年長且經驗豐富的跑者主導，但像倫敦馬拉松這樣的賽事，現在正見證 Z 世代和千禧世代興趣的巨大增長，這通常是由社群媒體上的「跑步俱樂部」所推動的。
EN： Passive Voice (will be + past participle): This structure is used when the action is more important than who is performing it. In formal contexts like news or official announcements, it focuses on the results or the process.
中文： 被动语态（will be + 过去分词）：此结构用于动作本身比执行者更重要的情况。在新闻或官方公告等正式语境中，它能将焦点集中在结果或过程上。
The winners will be contacted by email next week.
获胜者将于下周通过电子邮件联系。
EN： Preposition 'by' for deadlines: 'By' is used to indicate a deadline or a point in time before which something must happen. It means 'no later than'.
中文： 介词 'by' 表示截止时间：'By' 用于表示截止日期或某事必须发生之前的时间点，意指「不迟于」。
Please submit your application by Friday.
请在周五前提交您的申请。
EN： The 'ballot' system is a common way for major world marathons (like London, Tokyo, or Berlin) to handle extreme demand. Because the number of applicants far exceeds the course capacity, a random lottery is used to ensure fairness, though the odds of winning are often very low.
中文： 「抽籤」(ballot) 系統是世界各大馬拉松（如倫敦、東京或柏林馬拉松）處理極高報名需求的常見方式。由於申請人數遠遠超過賽道容量，因此採用隨機抽籤以確保公平，儘管中籤機率通常非常低。
EN： The phrase 'be likely to' is used to express probability or the chance that something will happen. It is followed by the base form of a verb.
中文： 短语「be likely to」用于表达可能性或某事发生的机会。其后接动词原形。
It is likely to rain this afternoon, so take an umbrella.
今天下午很可能会下雨，所以带把伞吧。
EN： The conjunction 'because' is used to introduce a subordinate clause that explains the reason for the action or state in the main clause.
中文： 连词「because」用于引导从句，解释主句中动作或状态的原因。
She stayed home because she was feeling unwell.
她待在家里是因为她感到身体不适。
EN： The London Marathon uses a 'ballot' system because the number of applicants far exceeds the available spots. This random draw is a common way for major world marathons to ensure fairness among thousands of global hopefuls.
中文： 倫敦馬拉松採用「抽籤」（ballot）制度，是因為申請人數遠遠超過可用名額。這種隨機抽取是世界各大馬拉松賽事的常見做法，以確保全球成千上萬名申請者之間的公平性。
重要单词附有 IPA 发音、定义、例句和互动式测验。
在本文中： 负责筹划与管理活动的人员或单位
在本文中： 登记、注册或报名的行为
在本文中： 参与、参加某项活动的行为
在本文中： 变成两倍
在本文中： 使命、核心目标或宗旨
在本文中： 激励、鼓舞
在本文中： 额外的、外加的
在本文中： 对……有吸引力
在本文中： 反映、显示出
在本文中： 分配、拨给
在本文中： 感到失望的
片语包含类型标示、双语定义、用法说明和例句。
To do something better, faster, or more than has ever been done before.
再次打破纪录
To be almost as good, large, or important as something else.
比得上、相提并论
The outcome of a process where winners are chosen by chance or voting.
抽签结果 / 投票结果
A method of choosing someone or something where everyone has an equal chance, often by picking names out of a container or using a computer.
随机抽签