EN： Apposition (同位語): A noun phrase placed next to another noun to identify or explain it. Here, 'Britain's largest carmaker' is an appositive phrase that provides more information about the subject 'Jaguar Land Rover'. It is separated from the rest of the sentence by commas.
中文： 同位语：将一个名词短语放在另一个名词旁边，用以说明或解释该名词。在此句中，“Britain's largest carmaker”（英国最大的汽车制造商）是一个同位语短语，用来补充说明主语“Jaguar Land Rover”（捷豹路虎）。它与句子的其他部分用逗号隔开。
Mr. Smith, our English teacher, loves reading novels.
我们的英语老师史密斯先生热爱读小说。
EN： Present Perfect Tense (現在完成式): Formed with 'has/have + past participle' (here, 'has announced'). It is used to describe an action that happened at an unspecified time in the past and has a strong relevance or impact on the present.
中文： 现在完成时：由“has/have + 过去分词”构成（此处为“has announced”）。用于描述过去某个未明确说明的时间发生的动作，且该动作对现在有着密切的关联或影响。
The government has announced a new policy to reduce plastic waste.
政府已经宣布了一项减少塑料垃圾的新政策。
EN： Jaguar Land Rover (JLR) is an iconic British multinational automotive company known for luxury vehicles and sport utility vehicles (SUVs). Although currently owned by the Indian conglomerate Tata Motors, it remains a symbol of British automotive heritage and engineering, making its business decisions highly influential in the UK economy.
中文： 捷豹路虎（JLR）是英國標誌性的跨國汽車製造商，以生產豪華轎車和運動型多用途車（SUV）聞名。雖然該公司目前由印度塔塔汽車集團控股，但它仍被視為英國汽車工業傳統與工程技術的象徵，因此其商業決策對英國經濟具有舉足輕重的影響力。
EN： The phrase 'instead of' is a prepositional phrase meaning 'in place of' or 'rather than'. It must be followed by a noun, pronoun, or a gerund (verb-ing form). In this sentence, it is followed by the gerund 'moving'.
中文： 短语“instead of”是一个介词短语，意思是“代替”或“而不是”。后面必须接名词、代词或动名词（动词-ing 形式）。在本句中，它后面接的是动名词“moving”。
She decided to walk to work instead of taking the bus.
她决定走路去上班，而不是坐公交车。
EN： The present perfect tense ('has said') is used here to report a recent announcement. It is followed by a noun clause acting as the direct object: '(that) it will produce...', where the conjunction 'that' is omitted.
中文： 这里使用现在完成时（has said）来报道一项最近的声明。其后引导一个名词性从句作为直接宾语：“(that) it will produce...”，其中连接词“that”被省略了。
The government has announced it will lower taxes next year.
政府已宣布明年将会降低税收。
EN： The infinitive phrase 'to grow sales...' is used as an adjective (adjectival infinitive) to modify the noun 'plan', explaining the purpose or content of the plan.
中文： 不定式短语“to grow sales...”在此作形容词修饰名词“plan”（计划），用来解释该计划的目的或具体内容。
She has a plan to study abroad next year.
她有一个明年出国留学的计划。
EN： The preposition 'in' is used here to indicate a specific geographical location or market where an activity (growing sales) takes place.
中文： 介词“in”在此处用于表示某个特定的地理区域或市场，即活动（扩大销售）发生的地点（美国）。
The company wants to open new stores in Japan.
这家公司想要在日本开设新分店。
EN： The term 'United States' is preceded by the definite article 'the' because it refers to a union of states. In business contexts, expanding or growing sales in the United States is often seen as a key milestone due to the country's massive consumer market and purchasing power.
中文： 「United States」（美國）前面必須加上定冠詞「the」，因為它指的是多個州組成的聯邦。在商業語境中，由於美國擁有龐大的消費市場和強大的購買力，在美國擴大銷售通常被視為企業發展的重要里程碑。
EN： Indirect Speech (Reported Speech) with 'that'-clause: When reporting what someone said in the past, we often use a reporting verb (like 'told') followed by a 'that'-clause. The tense in the 'that'-clause usually shifts back (backshift), so 'will' becomes 'would'.
中文： 间接引语（转述语气）与 'that' 引导的从句：当转述过去某人所说的话时，我们通常会使用转述动词（如 'told'），后接 'that' 引导的从句。从句中的时态通常需要往过去推移（时态回退），因此 'will' 会变成 'would'。
She told her manager that she would complete the report by Friday.
她告诉她的经理，她会在周五前完成报告。
EN： Dative Verb Pattern (Subject + Verb + Indirect Object + Direct Object): The verb 'tell' is a dative verb that takes an indirect object (the person being told: 'investors') followed by a direct object (the information being told: the 'that'-clause).
中文： 双宾语动词句型（主语 + 动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语）：动词 'tell' 是一个双宾语动词，后面接间接宾语（接受信息的人：'investors'），再接直接宾语（所告知的信息：'that' 引导的从句）。
EN： In the automotive industry, 'petrol' is the standard term used in British English (as Jaguar Land Rover is a British carmaker), whereas American English speakers would typically use the word 'gas' or 'gasoline'.
中文： 在汽車產業中，'petrol' 是英國英語中的標準用語（因為捷豹路虎是一家英國汽車製造商），而美國英語使用者通常會使用 'gas' 或 'gasoline' 來表示汽油。
EN： Relative Clause with 'that': The relative pronoun 'that' introduces a defining relative clause ('that were previously planned...') to modify the noun phrase 'smaller SUVs', specifying which SUVs are being referred to.
中文： 使用 'that' 的定语从句：关系代词 'that' 引导一个限定性定语从句（'that were previously planned...'）来修饰名词短语 'smaller SUVs'，明确指出所指的是哪些 SUV。
The company produces cars that are environmentally friendly.
这家公司生产对环境友好的汽车。
EN： Passive Voice with Infinitive: 'were planned to be sold' uses the passive voice ('were planned') followed by a passive infinitive ('to be sold') to show that the action is performed on the subject (SUVs) by an unspecified agent.
中文： 被动语态搭配不定式：'were planned to be sold' 使用了被动语态（'were planned'）后接被动不定式（'to be sold'），用以表示该动作是由未特定的人施加于主语（SUVs）上。
The old buildings were scheduled to be demolished next month.
那些旧建筑物原定于下个月被拆除。
EN： The subordinating conjunction 'because' is used to introduce a subordinate clause of reason, explaining why the action in the main clause occurs. It connects the main clause ('The decision reflects...') with the reason ('many carmakers... have delayed...').
中文： 从属连词“because”（因为）用于引导表示原因的状语从句，解释主句动作发生的原因。它将主句（这项决定反映了……）与原因（许多汽车制造商……推迟了……）连接起来。
The company changed its strategy because consumer preferences shifted toward hybrid models.
该公司改变了策略，因为消费者的偏好转向了混合动力车型。
EN： The present perfect tense ('have delayed') is used here to describe an action that started in the past and has continuing relevance or results in the present. It consists of 'have/has' + past participle.
中文： 现在完成时（have delayed）在此用于描述一个在过去开始并对现在产生持续影响或结果的动作。其结构为“have/has”+ 过去分词。
Many tech firms have delayed their return-to-office plans this year.
许多科技公司今年都推迟了返回办公室的计划。
EN： The verb 'aim' is commonly followed by an infinitive ('to' + base verb) to express a goal or intention. In this sentence, 'aims to double' indicates the company's objective.
中文： 动词“aim”（目标是/旨在）后面通常接不定式（to + 动词原形），用来表示目标或意图。在本句中，“aims to double”表示该公司的目标是使销量翻倍。
She aims to complete her master's degree by next summer.
她的目标是在明年夏天前完成硕士学位。
EN： The preposition 'by' followed by a gerund (verb-ing) is used to show the method or means of achieving something. Here, 'by adding' explains how the company plans to double its sales.
中文： 介词“by”后面接动名词（V-ing），用来表示达成某事的手段或方法。在这里，“by adding”解释了该公司计划如何实现销量翻倍的目标。
You can improve your English by reading more books.
你可以通过阅读更多书籍来提升你的英语能力。
EN： The use of superlative adjectives (e.g., 'richest', 'the most') is used to compare three or more things, indicating that one has the highest degree of a quality. 'Richest' is formed by adding '-est' to the short adjective 'rich', while 'the most' is used for plural countable nouns like 'millionaires' and 'billionaires'.
中文： 最高级形容词（例如“richest”、“the most”）用于三个或以上的人事物进行比较，表示某物具有最高程度的特质。单音节形容词“rich”后面加上“-est”形成“richest”；而“the most”则用于修饰复数可数名词（如“millionaires”和“billionaires”）。
This is the most expensive car in the showroom.
这是展厅里最昂贵的汽车。
EN： A relative clause starting with the relative pronoun 'who' is used to provide essential information about the preceding nouns ('millionaires and billionaires'). In this sentence, 'who' acts as the subject of the relative clause 'who can afford luxury vehicles'.
中文： 以关系代词“who”引导的定语从句，用于修饰先行词（在此为“millionaires and billionaires”，即百万富翁与亿万富翁），提供关键的说明。在此句中，“who”在定语从句“who can afford luxury vehicles”中担任主语。
EN： The United States has traditionally been a key market for luxury car brands like Jaguar Land Rover due to its high concentration of high-net-worth individuals (HNWIs). The term 'millionaire' and 'billionaire' reflect the significant wealth accumulation in the US economy, making it a primary target for premium consumer goods.
中文： 由於美國擁有高度集中的高淨值人士（HNWIs），它傳統上一直是捷豹路虎等豪華汽車品牌的核心市場。句中提到的「百萬富翁」與「億萬富翁」反映了美國經濟中顯著的財富累積，這使其成為高端消費品的主要目標市場。
EN： Non-defining relative clauses are introduced by relative pronouns like 'which' (preceded by a comma) to provide extra, non-essential information about the preceding clause or noun. In this sentence, 'which' refers to the entire previous clause (the fact that a Range Rover starts at over 143,000 dollars).
中文： 非限定性定语从句（Non-defining relative clauses）由关系代词（如前面带有逗号的 'which'）引导，用来对前面的从句或名词提供额外的、非必要的补充说明。在本句中，'which' 代表前面的整个从句（即路虎揽胜起售价超过 143,000 美元这件事）。
He passed the difficult exam, which surprised everyone in the class.
他通过了那场困难的考试，这让班上的每个人都感到很惊讶。
EN： The preposition 'at' is used to indicate a specific price, rate, or value. In this context, 'starts at' indicates the minimum base price of the vehicle.
中文： 介词 'at' 用于表示特定的价格、比率或数值。在此语境中，'starts at' 表示该车辆的最低起售价格。
Tickets for the concert start at 50 dollars.
音乐会的门票起售价为 50 美元。
EN： The Range Rover is a premium luxury SUV brand produced by Jaguar Land Rover. In the United States and globally, it is widely recognized as a status symbol of high wealth and luxury lifestyle, which explains why its high starting price of over $143,000 appeals specifically to 'wealthy buyers' rather than the general public.
中文： 路虎攬勝（Range Rover）是捷豹路虎旗下生產的高級奢華 SUV 品牌。在美國及全球範圍內，它被廣泛視為高收入與奢華生活方式的地位象徵，這也解釋了為什麼其超過 143,000 美元的高昂起售價，特別能吸引「富裕買家」而非一般大眾。
EN： The verb 'believe' is followed by a noun clause (that-clause) acting as its direct object. In informal or standard English, the conjunction 'that' is frequently omitted when the meaning is clear.
中文： 动词“believe”（相信）后面接一个名词性从句（that 从句）作为其直接宾语。在口语或标准英语中，连接词“that”经常会被省略，而不影响句意表达。
Many experts believe the economy will recover quickly next year.
许多专家相信明年经济将会快速复苏。
EN： The phrasal verb 'benefit from' means to receive an advantage or profit from something. It is followed by a noun or gerund.
中文： 短语动词“benefit from”意为“从……中获益”或“得益于……”，后面接名词或动名词作为介词的宾语。
Students can benefit from regular exercise and healthy eating habits.
学生可以从规律运动和健康的饮食习惯中获益。
EN： The phrase 'inherited money' (often linked to the 'Great Wealth Transfer') refers to a significant economic trend in Western countries, particularly the US and UK. As the wealthy 'Baby Boomer' generation ages, trillions of dollars are expected to be passed down to their heirs (Millennials and Gen Z) over the next few decades, creating a massive wave of young, wealthy consumers for luxury brands.
中文： 「inherited money」（繼承的財富，常與「大財富轉移」相關聯）是指西方國家（特別是美國和英國）一個重要的經濟趨勢。隨著富裕的「嬰兒潮」世代老去，預計在未來幾十年內將有數萬億美元傳承給他們的繼承人（千禧世代和 Z 世代），這為奢侈品牌創造了一大批年輕且富有的潛在消費者。
EN： Non-defining relative clauses (using 'who') are used to add extra, non-essential information about a person. They are separated from the rest of the sentence by commas. If the clause is removed, the sentence still makes complete sense.
中文： 非限定性定语从句（使用 'who'）用于对人添加额外的、非必要的补充信息。这种从句前后需使用逗号与主句隔开。即使将该从句删除，主句的意思依然完整。
Mr. Green, who lives next door, is a famous writer.
住在隔壁的格林先生是一位著名的作家。
EN： The simple past tense (e.g., 'became', 'spoke') is used to describe completed actions that happened at a specific time in the past, often indicated by time expressions like 'last year'.
中文： 一般过去时（例如 'became'、'spoke'）用于描述在过去特定时间已经完成的动作，通常会与表示过去时间的副词（如 'last year'，意为去年）连用。
She joined the team last month and worked on the project.
她上个月加入了团队并参与了该项目的开发工作。
EN： In corporate communications, introducing a key executive with their title and tenure (e.g., 'who became chief executive... last year') is a standard way to establish authority and provide context to investors and the public.
中文： 在企業通訊與財經新聞中，介紹高階主管時加上其職稱與任期（例如「去年成為該公司執行長」）是標準的寫法，旨在向投資人及大眾建立其權威性並提供背景資訊。
EN： The infinitive of purpose ('To + verb') is used at the beginning of a sentence to express the goal or reason for the action in the main clause. It is often followed by a comma.
中文： 不定式表示目的（To + 动词原形）常用于句首，用来表达主句动作的目的或原因。在句首使用时，通常后面会加上逗号与主句隔开。
To improve his English, he practices speaking every day.
为了提高他的英语水平，他每天练习口语。
EN： Apposition (Noun + Noun Phrase) is used to rename or explain a noun. In this sentence, 'our biggest market' is an appositive that provides additional information about 'North America'.
中文： 同位语（名词 + 名词短语）用于重新命名或解释前方的名词。在本句中，“our biggest market”（我们最大的市场）是同位语，用来补充说明“North America”（北美）。
We visited Tokyo, the capital of Japan.
我们访问了日本的首都东京。
EN： North America (specifically the United States) is a highly lucrative market for luxury car brands like Jaguar Land Rover due to the high concentration of wealthy consumers. The term 'North America' in corporate strategy often refers primarily to the US and Canadian markets.
中文： 對於捷豹路虎等豪華汽車品牌而言，北美（特別是美國）因富裕消費者高度集中而成為極具利潤的市場。在企業戰略中，「北美」一詞通常主要指美國和加拿大市場。
EN： Compound Subject with Plural Verb Agreement: When two or more singular or plural subjects are connected by 'and', they form a compound subject and require a plural verb. In this sentence, the compound subject is 'The rising demand... and the strong preference...', which takes the plural verb 'show'.
中文： 复合主语与复数动词一致性：当两个或多个单数或复数主语由“and（和）”连接时，它们会构成复合主语，需要搭配复数动词。在本句中，复合主语为“The rising demand... and the strong preference...（日益增长的需求以及强烈的偏好）”，因此搭配复数动词“show”。
The high quality of the materials and the excellent customer service make this company successful.
材料的高品质和优质的客户服务使这家公司获得成功。
EN： Prepositional Phrases as Noun Modifiers: Prepositional phrases starting with 'for' are used here to modify the nouns 'demand' and 'preference', specifying what the demand and preference are directed toward ('for luxury products' and 'for our brands').
中文： 介词短语作名词修饰语：此处使用以“for”开头的介词短语来修饰名词“demand（需求）”和“preference（偏好）”，明确指出需求和偏好的对象（“对奢侈品”与“对我们的品牌”）。
Her passion for classical music and talent for playing the piano impressed the judges.
她对古典音乐的热情和弹钢琴的天赋给评委留下了深刻的印象。
EN： The reporting verb 'added' is followed by a 'that-clause' functioning as the direct object. The conjunction 'that' introduces a noun clause that contains a complete statement of what was added.
中文： 引述动词“added”（补充说）后面接一个由“that”引导的从句，该从句作为直接宾语。这个“that 从句”是一个名词性从句，包含一个完整的陈述，说明补充说明的内容。
She added that the project would be completed by next Friday.
她补充说，该项目将在下周五前完成。
EN： The infinitive phrase 'to match...' functions as an adverbial of purpose or result, explaining the objective of growing the American business.
中文： 不定式短语“to match...”（以达到……）在此作副词修饰语，表示目的或结果，解释了发展美国业务的目标。
We need to improve our service to match the competitors' standards.
我们需要提升我们的服务，以达到竞争对手的标准。
EN： In corporate strategy, 'American business' refers to the operations and sales within the United States market. The U.S. is often seen as a benchmark market for luxury brands due to its high concentration of high-net-worth individuals.
中文： 在企業戰略中，「美國業務」（American business）是指在美國市場內的營運與銷售。由於美國擁有高度集中的高淨值人士（富豪），因此通常被視為奢侈品牌最重要的指標性市場。
EN： The present perfect tense (have/has + past participle) is used here to describe an action that started in the past and has relevance or results continuing into the present. In this sentence, 'have played' indicates that the actions of governments in the past continue to affect the current situation.
中文： 现在完成时（have/has + 过去分词）在此用于描述一个始于过去且其影响或结果持续到现在的动作。在本句中，“have played”表示政府过去的作为持续影响着目前的局势。
Technology has changed the way we communicate.
科技已经改变了我们沟通的方式。
EN： The idiom 'play a role in (something)' means to have an effect on or be involved in a particular situation or activity. The preposition 'in' is always used before the activity or area of influence.
中文： 短语“play a role in (something)”意思是“在某事中扮演角色”或“对某事发挥作用、产生影响”。介词“in”后面接续受影响的活动或领域。
Parents play an important role in their children's education.
父母在孩子的教育中扮演着重要的角色。
EN： The Present Perfect Passive Voice ('have been' + past participle) is used to describe an action that happened at an unspecified time in the past, where the focus is on the result of the action rather than who performed it.
中文： 现在完成时的被动语态（have/has been + 过去分词）用于描述过去某个不确定时间发生的动作，其重点在于该动作产生的结果，而非动作的执行者。
All the old documents have been removed from the office.
所有旧文件都已经被从办公室中移除了。
EN： The preposition 'under' is used here to mean 'under the administration, leadership, or rule of' a specific person or government.
中文： 介词“under”在此处表示“在某人或某政府的领导、治理或管理之下”。
Under the new manager, the team's performance has improved significantly.
在新经理的带领下，团队的表现有了显著的提升。
EN： This sentence refers to the policy shift during Donald Trump's presidency in the United States, where federal tax credits and environmental regulations aimed at promoting electric vehicles (EVs) were reduced or eliminated, reflecting a political debate over green energy versus traditional fossil fuels.
中文： 這句話指的是唐納·川普在美國擔任總統期間的政策轉變。當時旨在推廣電動車（EV）的聯邦稅收抵免和環保法規被減少或取消，這反映了美國國內關於綠色能源與傳統化石燃料之間的政治辯論。
EN： Present Perfect Tense (have + past participle): Used to describe an action that happened in the past but has a strong relevance or effect on the present situation.
中文： 现在完成时（have + 过去分词）：用于描述过去发生但对现在状况有强烈关联或影响的动作。
Many companies have changed their plans recently.
许多公司最近改变了他们的计划。
EN： Possessive Adjective 'their': Used to show ownership or association with a plural noun (in this case, 'other governments').
中文： 形容词性物主代词“their”（他们的）：用于表示与复数名词（在此句中为“其他国家的政府”）的所有权或关联性。
The students finished their homework.
学生们完成了他们的作业。
EN： The present perfect tense ('have slowed down') is used to describe an action that started in the past and has a strong connection or result in the present.
中文： 现在完成时（have slowed down）用于描述过去开始并与现在有强烈联系或对现在产生影响的动作。
Many tech companies have changed their remote work policies this year.
许多科技公司今年已经改变了他们的远程工作政策。
EN： Passive Voice with Present Simple ('are now seen as') is used to express how something is currently perceived or regarded by people in general, focusing on the receiver of the action.
中文： 一般现在时的被动语态（are now seen as）用于表达某事目前普遍被大众如何看待或认知，焦点在于动作的接受者。
These traditional methods are now seen as outdated by younger generations.
这些传统方法现在被年轻一代视为过时。
重要单词附有 IPA 发音、定义、例句和互动式测验。
在本文中： 策略、战略，指为达到特定目标而制定的长期计划
在本文中： 投资者，投入资金以期获得利润的人或机构
在本文中： 反映、显示，表现出某种情况或趋势
在本文中： 亿万富翁，拥有数十亿资产的极为富有之人
在本文中： 吸引力、感染力，能引起兴趣或好感的特质
在本文中： 继承的，指从前人或长辈处继承而来的财产或特质
在本文中： 潜力、可能性，指未来发展或成功的潜在能力
在本文中： 诱因、激励措施，指用以鼓励或刺激特定行为的优惠（如政府补贴）
在本文中： 规章、法规，指政府或机构制定的官方规则
在本文中： 切合实际的、实用的，指适合实际情况且行之有效的
片语包含类型标示、双语定义、用法说明和例句。
Vehicles that use two or more distinct types of power, such as an internal combustion engine and an electric motor.
混合动力汽车
To decrease the speed of something or to make progress more slowly.
放慢、减缓
The power of attracting or interesting customers.
消费者吸引力
Rules and laws aiming to protect the environment.
环境法规、环保条例