Jiro Ono: Dreams of Sushi小野二郎：寿司之神
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EN： Appositives: An appositive is a noun or noun phrase that renames another noun right beside it. In this sentence, 'the highest rating a restaurant can achieve' provides more information about 'three Michelin stars'.
中文： 同位语：同位语是指紧跟在另一个名词后面的名词或名词短语，用来重新命名或进一步解释该名词。在本句中，「the highest rating a restaurant can achieve」补充说明了「three Michelin stars」的意义。
My brother, a talented chef, works in Paris.
我的哥哥是一位才华横溢的厨师，他在巴黎工作。
EN： Reduced Relative Clauses: The phrase 'a restaurant can achieve' is a relative clause modifying 'rating'. The relative pronoun 'that' or 'which' is omitted because it functions as the object of the verb 'achieve'.
中文： 省略关系代词的关系从句：「a restaurant can achieve」是一个修饰「rating」的关系从句。由于关系代词（that 或 which）在从句中担任动词「achieve」的宾语，因此可以省略。
This is the best movie I have ever seen.
这是我看过最好看的电影。
EN： The Michelin Guide is the world's most influential restaurant rating system. Three stars signify 'exceptional cuisine, worth a special journey.' Sukiyabashi Jiro, led by Jiro Ono, became a global symbol of Japanese 'shokunin' (craftsmanship) spirit.
中文： 米其林指南是全球最具影響力的餐廳評級系統。三星代表「卓越的烹飪，值得專程前往」。由小野二郎經營的數寄屋橋次郎，已成為日本「職人精神」的全球象徵。
EN： The use of 'the first' followed by a noun and a to-infinitive (to + verb) is a common structure to indicate that someone or something is the first to perform a specific action.
中文： 使用「the first」后接名词，再搭配不定式（to + 动词）是常见的句型，用来表示某人或某物是第一个执行该特定动作的对象。
She was the first person to arrive at the party.
她是第一个到达派对的人。
EN： Prepositional phrases like 'in the world' act as adjectives to modify the preceding noun ('sushi restaurant'), providing specific context or scope.
中文： 介词短语如「in the world」在此作为形容词使用，修饰前面的名词（sushi restaurant），提供具体的背景或范围限制。
This is the tallest building in the city.
这是这座城市里最高的建筑。
EN： The Michelin Guide is a prestigious French hotel and restaurant reference guide. Receiving three stars is the highest possible achievement, signifying 'exceptional cuisine, worth a special journey.' In the context of sushi, which was traditionally seen as a simple street food, this was a monumental shift in global culinary perception.
中文： 米其林指南是極具權威的法國酒店與餐廳評鑑指南。獲得三星是最高榮譽，代表「卓越的烹飪，值得專程造訪」。對於傳統上被視為簡單街頭小吃的壽司來說，這標誌著全球烹飪觀念的重大轉變。
EN： Passive Voice (be + past participle): Used when the focus is on the person or thing affected by the action. In this sentence, 'was considered' shows that the public or critics held this opinion about the restaurant.
中文： 被动语态 (be 动词 + 过去分词)：用于强调动作的接受者而非执行者。在本句中，「was considered」表示大众或评论家对这家餐厅的看法。
The local bakery is considered the best in town.
这家当地的面包店被认为是镇上最好的。
EN： Compound Adjectives: Words like 'ten-seat' act as a single adjective to describe a noun. Note that the noun within the compound (seat) is singular, even though the number is plural.
中文： 复合形容词：像「ten-seat」这样的词组作为单一形容词来修饰名词。请注意，尽管数字是复数，复合词中的名词（seat）通常使用单数形式。
We stayed in a five-star hotel during our vacation.
我们度假期间住在一家五星级酒店。
EN： In Japan, high-end sushi restaurants are often located in unexpected places, such as office building basements or subway stations. This reflects a cultural focus on the quality of the craft over the outward luxury of the building's exterior.
中文： 在日本，頂級壽司店往往位於令人意想不到的地方，例如辦公大樓地下室或地鐵站。這反映了一種文化特質：比起建築外觀的奢華，更注重工藝本身的品質。
EN： Past Perfect Tense (had + past participle): Used to describe an action that was completed before another point in time or another action in the past. In this context, it emphasizes the process of transformation that occurred leading up to his fame.
中文： 过去完成时 (had + 过去分词)：用于描述在过去某个时间点或另一个过去动作之前已经完成的动作。在此语境中，它强调了在他获得名声之前所经历的转变过程。
The small startup had grown into a massive corporation by 2010.
这家小型初创公司在 2010 年之前已经成长为一家大型企业。
EN： Transform A into B: A common phrasal structure meaning to change something completely from one state or form into another.
中文： Transform A into B：这是一个常见的短语结构，意为将某物从一种状态或形式完全改变为另一种。
The architect transformed the old warehouse into a modern loft.
建筑师将旧仓库改造成了现代化的阁楼。
EN： The concept of 'humble beginnings' is a recurring theme in Japanese 'Shokunin' (craftsman) culture, where mastery is achieved through decades of repetitive, low-profile work before attaining public acclaim.
中文： 「卑微的起點」(humble beginnings) 是日本「職人」(Shokunin) 文化中反覆出現的主題。在獲得公眾讚譽之前，職人通常需要經過數十年重複性、低調的工作來磨練技藝。
EN： The past participle 'called' acts as a reduced relative clause (which was called), functioning as an adjective to modify the noun 'documentary film'.
中文： 过去分词「called」在此作为简化定语从句（原为 which was called），充当形容词来修饰名词「documentary film」（纪录片）。
A book called 'The Great Gatsby' is on the table.
一本名为《了不起的盖茨比》的书在桌子上。
EN： The verb 'show' follows the pattern 'show something to someone', where 'something' is the direct object and 'someone' is the indirect object preceded by the preposition 'to'.
中文： 动词「show」遵循「show something to someone」的句型，其中「something」是直接宾语，「someone」是接在介词「to」之后的间接宾语。
She showed her new painting to her friends.
她向朋友们展示了她的新画作。
EN： The film 'Jiro Dreams of Sushi' (2011) brought international fame to Jiro Ono and popularized the Japanese concept of 'shokunin' (craftsman) in the West, emphasizing that mastery comes from repetitive, lifelong dedication.
中文： 2011年的紀錄片《壽司之神》讓小野二郎聲名大噪，並向西方世界推廣了日本的「職人」（shokunin）精神，強調卓越源於日復一日、終其一生的奉獻。
EN： The sentence uses 'Reduced Relative Clauses' or 'Participial Phrases' (waking, going) to describe simultaneous actions or states. These present participles function as modifiers to the subject 'He', providing additional detail about his routine without needing a new conjunction like 'and'.
中文： 本句使用了「分词修饰语」（waking, going）来描述同时发生的动作或状态。这些现在分词作为主语「He」的修饰语，在不需要连接词（如 and）的情况下，为其日常活动提供额外细节。
She sat by the window, watching the rain fall.
她坐在窗边，看着雨落下。
EN： The phrase 'in his mid-eighties' uses the possessive adjective + 'mid-' + 'decade' to express a specific range within a ten-year period (approximately 84-86 years old).
中文： 短语「in his mid-eighties」使用所有格形容词加上「mid-」与「年代名词」，用来表达某个十年阶段中的特定范围（大约 84-86 岁）。
He started his own business in his late twenties.
他在二十多岁快三十岁时开始自己的事业。
EN： In Japanese culture, the concept of 'Shokunin' (craftsman) involves a lifelong commitment to one's craft. Jiro's routine of going to the fish market personally even in his 80s exemplifies this dedication, as most high-end chefs rely on suppliers once they reach a certain level of fame.
中文： 在日本文化中，「職人」（Shokunin）的概念包含對自身工藝的終身奉獻。小野二郎即便在 80 多歲時仍堅持親自前往魚市場，體現了這種敬業精神；大多數頂級廚師在達到一定名聲後，通常會依賴供應商送貨。
EN： Present Participle Phrase (-ing) for Result or Purpose: The phrase 'ensuring its quality' acts as a participle phrase that explains the purpose or result of the main action.
中文： 现在分词短语 (-ing) 表示结果或目的：'ensuring its quality' 作为分词短语，用来解释主句动作的目的或随之而来的结果。
She studied late into the night, preparing for her final exam.
她读书到深夜，为期末考试做准备。
EN： Past Continuous Tense: Formed with 'was/were + verb-ing', it describes an ongoing action in the past, emphasizing the process.
中文： 过去进行时：由 'was/were + 动词-ing' 构成，描述过去某个时间点正在进行的动作，强调过程的持续性。
They were watching a movie when the phone rang.
电话响起时，他们正在看电影。
EN： This sentence reflects the Japanese concept of 'Shokunin' (craftsman), where the master remains hands-on even at a high level of success, believing that personal involvement is the only way to guarantee perfection.
中文： 這句話反映了日本的「職人」精神。即使獲得了巨大的成功，大師依然堅持親力親為，認為唯有親自參與才能保證完美的品質。
EN： Passive Voice with 'be amazed by': This structure uses the past participle 'amazed' as an adjective to describe a state caused by an external factor. The preposition 'by' introduces the agent or cause of the feeling.
中文： 被动语态与 'be amazed by'：此结构使用过去分词 'amazed' 作为形容词，描述由外部因素引起的状态。介词 'by' 用来引出引起该感觉的主体或原因。
The tourists were amazed by the breathtaking view of the mountains.
游客们对那壮丽的山景感到惊讶。
EN： Noun Phrase with Prepositional Modifiers: The subject 'Audiences' is modified by 'around the world', and the object of the preposition 'dedication' is modified by 'to his craft'. This creates complex, descriptive layers within a sentence.
中文： 带有介词修饰语的名词短语：主语 'Audiences' 由 'around the world' 修饰，而介词宾语 'dedication' 则由 'to his craft' 修饰。这在句子中创造了复杂且具描述性的层次。
Her commitment to her studies earned her a scholarship.
她对学业的投入为她赢得了奖学金。
EN： The term 'craft' in this context refers to 'Shokunin Kishitsu' (craftsman spirit). In Japanese culture, this involves a lifelong pursuit of perfection in one's work, no matter how repetitive or simple the task may seem.
中文： 這裡的 'craft'（工藝）一詞呼應了日本文化中的「職人氣質」。這包含了一個人對其工作的終身追求完美，無論該任務看起來多麼重複或簡單。
EN： The Passive Voice (be + past participle) is used here ('are allowed') to show that the permission is granted by someone else (the master), emphasizing the rules of the establishment rather than the person giving permission.
中文： 被动语态（be 动词 + 过去分词）在此处（are allowed）被用来表示许可以由他人（师傅）授予，强调的是体制的规范而非授予许可的人。
Students are not allowed to use their phones during the exam.
学生在考试期间不被允许使用手机。
EN： The conjunction 'before' introduces a subordinate clause of time, indicating that the action in the main clause (spending ten years) must occur prior to the action in the 'before' clause.
中文： 连接词「before」引导一个时间状语从句，表示主句的动作（花费十年）必须发生在「before」从句的动作之前。
You should wash your hands before you eat dinner.
你应该在吃晚饭前洗手。
EN： In traditional Japanese crafts, the 'shokunin' (artisan) system involves a long period of apprenticeship. Making 'tamago' (sweet omelet) is often the final test for a sushi apprentice because it requires extreme temperature control and patience, despite appearing simple.
中文： 在傳統日本工藝中，「職人」制度包含漫長的學徒期。製作「玉子燒」（甜蛋捲）通常是壽司學徒的最終考驗，因為儘管看似簡單，它卻需要極致的溫度控制與耐心。
EN： Passive Voice (be + past participle): Used when the focus is on the recipient of the action rather than the performer. In this case, 'Tamago' is the subject receiving the action of being 'considered'.
中文： 被动语态 (be + 过去分词)：当重点在于动作的承受者而非执行者时使用。在此句中，「Tamago (玉子烧)」是承受「被认为」这个动作的主语。
The project is considered a success by the team.
该项目被团队认为是一个成功。
EN： Parallel Structure with 'but': This sentence uses the conjunction 'but' to connect two predicates that share the same subject ('Tamago'). Both parts must agree with the subject in terms of number and tense.
中文： 使用 'but' 的并列结构：本句使用连接词 'but' 来连接共享同一个主语 (Tamago) 的两个谓语。这两个部分在单复数与时态上必须与主语保持一致。
The car is old but runs very smoothly.
这辆车虽然旧，但跑起来非常顺畅。
EN： In high-end sushi culture, 'Tamago' (egg sushi) is often used as a test of a chef's skill. Because it involves delicate heat control and seasoning, it reveals the apprentice's patience and attention to detail, which are core values of a 'shokunin' (craftsman).
中文： 在高階壽司文化中，「Tamago」(玉子燒) 常被用來測試廚師的功力。由於它涉及細膩的火候控制與調味，能展現學徒的耐心與對細節的關注，這正是「職人」(shokunin) 精神的核心價值。
EN： Noun Clause as Object: The word 'that' introduces a subordinate clause that functions as the direct object of the verb 'believes'. It explains exactly what the subject believes.
中文： 名词从句作为宾语：单词 'that' 引导一个从句，该从句在句中担任动词 'believes' 的直接宾语，用来详细说明主体所相信的内容。
She believes that hard work leads to success.
她相信努力会带来成功。
EN： Compound Predicate: A single subject ('shortcuts') performs two actions connected by the conjunction 'and' ('produce' and 'compromise'). Both verbs must agree with the subject.
中文： 复合谓语：单一主语（shortcuts）执行了由连接词 'and' 连接的两个动作（produce 和 compromise）。这两个动词都必须与主语保持一致。
Exercise improves health and boosts energy.
运动能改善健康并提升活力。
EN： This sentence reflects the Japanese concept of 'Shokunin' (craftsmanship), which emphasizes extreme attention to detail, repetition, and the rejection of easy paths to achieve perfection.
中文： 這句話反映了日本的「職人精神」（Shokunin），強調對細節的極致追求、不斷重複的磨練，以及拒絕為了追求完美而走捷徑的態度。
EN： The verb 'emphasize' is followed by a 'that-clause' which functions as a noun clause (the direct object). This structure is used to report a statement or belief with strong importance.
中文： 动词 'emphasize'（强调）后接 'that' 引导的名词从句作为宾语。这种结构常用于正式表达某个重要的观点或信念。
The coach emphasized that teamwork is the key to victory.
教练强调团队合作是胜利的关键。
EN： The word 'requires' is a transitive verb in the simple present tense, used here to express a general truth or a necessary condition. Since 'true mastery' is an uncountable singular noun, the verb takes the '-s' ending.
中文： 动词 'requires'（需要/要求）在此使用一般现在时来表达普遍真理或必要条件。由于主语 'true mastery' 是不可数单数名词，动词须加 '-s'。
Success requires hard work and patience.
成功需要努力与耐心。
EN： The sentence reflects the Japanese concept of 'Shokunin Kishitsu' (craftsman spirit), which values the relentless pursuit of perfection through repetitive practice and lifelong commitment to one's work.
中文： 這句話反映了日本的「職人氣質」（Shokunin Kishitsu）概念，強調透過重複練習與對工作終身的投入，不懈地追求完美。
EN： The Present Participle (-ing) as a Reduced Relative Clause: 'Embodying' acts as a participle phrase that provides additional information about the subject (Jiro). It functions similarly to 'and he embodies' or 'who embodies'.
中文： 现在分词 (-ing) 作为简化从句：'Embodying' 在此作为分词短语，用来补充说明主语（二郎）的状态或动作，功能等同于 'and he embodies' 或 'who embodies'。
She sat by the window, watching the rain fall.
她坐在窗边，看着雨落下。
EN： Prepositional Phrase 'Past the age of': This phrase is used to indicate a point in time or a stage of life that has been exceeded.
中文： 介词短语 'Past the age of'：此短语用于表示超过了某个特定的年龄或生命阶段。
He is still very active past the age of 80.
他在 80 岁之后依然非常活跃。
EN： The term 'shokunin' (職人) in Japanese culture goes beyond just being a 'craftsman.' It implies a social obligation to work one's best for the general welfare of the people and a spiritual commitment to perfect one's craft.
中文： 日文中的「職人」(shokunin) 不僅僅是指「工匠」。它隱含了一種為大眾福祉盡最大努力的社會義務，以及追求技藝完美的一種精神承諾。
EN： Imperative Mood: This sentence uses the imperative mood to give advice or instructions. It starts with an adverb (always) followed by the base form of the verb (look), omitting the subject 'you'.
中文： 祈使句：此句子使用祈使句来提供建议或指令。它以副词 (always) 开头，后接动词原形 (look)，省略了主语 'you'。
Always check the weather before you go hiking.
在去徒步之前，务必先查看天气。
EN： Infinitive as an Adjective: The phrase 'to improve' is a to-infinitive that functions as an adjective, modifying the noun 'ways' to specify what kind of ways are being discussed.
中文： 不定式作为形容词：短语 'to improve' 是一个不定式，其功能如同形容词，用来修饰名词 'ways'，说明是哪种「方法」。
She found a new way to solve the problem.
她找到了一个解决问题的新方法。
EN： The word 'craft' in this context refers to 'Shokunin Kishitsu' (craftsman spirit), a Japanese concept of mastery through lifelong dedication, precision, and constant self-improvement.
中文： 這裡的 'craft'（手藝/工藝）對應日本的「職人氣質」。這是一種透過終身奉獻、精益求精和不斷自我提升來達到卓越境界的精神。
EN： The Present Perfect Tense ('has never made') is used to describe an experience or action that occurred at an unspecified time in the past and continues to be relevant to the present.
中文： 现在完成时（has never made）用于描述过去某个不确定时间点发生的经验或动作，且该动作与现在仍有相关性。
She has never traveled to Japan before.
她以前从未去过日本旅行。
EN： Ellipsis in the future tense ('never will') is used to avoid repetition. Here, 'never will' is short for 'never will make a perfect piece of sushi'.
中文： 将来时中的省略用法（never will）用于避免重复。在这里，'never will' 是 'never will make a perfect piece of sushi' 的缩写。
I haven't finished the report, but I soon will.
我还没完成报告，但我很快就会完成。
EN： This sentence reflects the Japanese philosophy of 'Kaizen' (continuous improvement) and the 'Shokunin' spirit. Even a world-renowned master like Jiro believes perfection is an unattainable goal that one must constantly strive for, showing deep humility and dedication.
中文： 這句話反映了日本的「改善」（Kaizen）哲學與「職人精神」。即使是像小野二郎這樣享譽世界的專業人士，也認為完美是一個必須不斷追求但永無止境的目標，展現了極深的謙遜與奉獻精神。
EN： The sentence uses a 'What-clause' as a nominal clause acting as a subject complement. This structure emphasizes the reason or thing that performs an action.
中文： 本句使用了「What 引导的名词从句」作为主语补语。这种结构常用来强调执行某个动作的原因或事物。
What she needs is a long vacation.
她所需要的是一个长假。
EN： The dash (—) is used here to introduce an appositive, providing a definition or further explanation for the Japanese term 'shokunin'.
中文： 破折号 (—) 在此处用于引导同位语，针对日语词汇「shokunin (职人)」提供定义或进一步的解释。
He is a polyglot — a person who knows several languages.
他是一位通晓多种语言的人——也就是一个懂好几种语言的人。
EN： The Japanese term 'shokunin' (職人) translates to 'craftsman' or 'artisan,' but it carries a deeper cultural meaning in Japan. It implies a social obligation to work one's best for the welfare of the people and a spiritual commitment to perfecting one's craft through lifelong repetition and dedication.
中文： 日語詞彙「職人」(shokunin) 雖然翻譯為「工匠」或「藝匠」，但在日本文化中含有更深層的意義。它隱含了一種為大眾福祉盡心盡力的社會義務，以及透過終身不斷重複與奉獻來追求技藝完美的精神承諾。
重要单词附有 IPA 发音、定义、例句和互动式测验。
在本文中： 公认、认可或表彰
在本文中： 坚定不移的、毫不动摇的
在本文中： 学徒、徒弟
在本文中： 执行、实施（指技术上的完成度）
在本文中： 捷径、投机取巧的方法
在本文中： 较差的、次等的
在本文中： 损害、危及（原则或品质）
在本文中： 精通、熟练、掌握
在本文中： 体现、具体表现
在本文中： 工匠、手艺人
片语包含类型标示、双语定义、用法说明和例句。
Starting from a low social, financial, or professional status.
出身卑微、白手起家
Among the best in the world.
世界一流的、世界级的
The usual series of activities that someone does every day.
日常惯例、例行公事
Complete commitment and hard work toward a specific skill or profession.
对自身工艺/专业的奉献
The degree of skill or technical proficiency with which a task is performed or a work of art is created.
技法、完成度、表现力
To weaken, damage, or lower the standards of something, such as quality or reputation.
损害、降低（标准）、危及
A professional trade or skill, especially one involving practical skills and manual dexterity, pursued as a lifelong calling.
专业技艺、手艺、职人之技
A Japanese term for a master craftsman who is deeply dedicated to their craft and feels a social obligation to work their best.
职人