EN： The preposition 'by' is commonly used after verbs of increase or decrease (such as increase, decrease, rise, drop) to express the margin or extent of change.
中文： 介词「by」常用于表示增加或减少的动词（如 increase、decrease、rise、drop）之后，用来表达变化的幅度或差额。
House prices in the area increased by ten percent over the last year.
该地区的房价在过去一年中上涨了百分之十。
EN： The present continuous tense ('are now paying') is used here to describe a current, ongoing situation or trend that has developed recently, especially combined with the adverb 'now'.
中文： 现在进行式（are now paying）在此处与副词「now」搭配，用来描述目前正在持续发展的现状或近期形成的新趋势。
Many consumers are now choosing electric vehicles instead of petrol cars.
许多消费者现在正选择电动车而非汽油车。
EN： In the UK, household energy costs are closely regulated by Ofgem (the energy regulator), which updates an 'Energy Price Cap' periodically. Consequently, news reports frequently discuss percentage increases in energy bills, as domestic heating and electricity expenses are a major component of the British cost of living.
中文： 在英国，家庭能源费用受到监管机构 Ofgem 的能源价格上限（Energy Price Cap）定期调控。因此，能源账单的百分比涨幅常成为英国媒体焦点，因为暖气与用电开销是当地民众生活成本中极为关键的负担。
EN： The verb 'predict' is followed by a that-clause acting as a noun clause (direct object) to report what is foreseen. The modal auxiliary 'could' expresses possibility rather than certainty.
中文： 动词「predict（预测）」后方常接 that 子句作为名词子句（宾语），用于报告预测的内容。情态助动词「could」在此表推测或可能性，表示「有可能」而非百分之百肯定。
Economists predicted that inflation could slow down later this year.
经济学家预测，今年稍晚通货膨胀可能会趋缓。
EN： The preposition 'by' is used with verbs of increase or decrease (e.g., rise, increase, drop) to specify the margin or amount of change.
中文： 介词「by」常用在表达增减变化的动词（如 rise、increase、fall）之后，用来表示变化的幅度或数量差额（如「上升了...」）。
Housing prices increased by five percent within two months.
房价在两个月内上涨了百分之五。
EN： In the UK, household energy costs are heavily influenced by the energy price cap set by Ofgem (the energy regulator), which is reviewed quarterly (January, April, July, October). Predicted price hikes in January often cause concern because winter is the peak season for household heating.
中文： 在英国，家庭能源开销深受能源监管机构 Ofgem 每季（一月、四月、七月、十月）调整的「能源价格上限」（price cap）影响。一月份价格上涨往往引发高度关注，因为此时正值冬季家庭暖气需求最高的时期。
EN： The Present Perfect tense ('has found') is formed using 'has/have' + past participle. It is used here to describe an action that happened recently or in the unspecified past, and whose result is directly relevant to the current situation.
中文： 现在完成式（has found）由「has/have + 过去分词」构成。在此处用来描述在过去发生且结果对目前现状具有重大影响的事件。
Scientists have found a potential solution to clean ocean plastics.
科学家们已经找到一个清理海洋塑料的潜在解决方案。
EN： The pattern 'a way to + verb' uses an infinitive ('to avoid') as an adjective to modify the noun 'way', describing what kind of method or opportunity is being referred to.
中文： 「a way to + 动词原型」结构中，不定词（to avoid）作为形容词修饰名词「way」，用来表示「……的方法或管道」。
She is looking for a way to improve her public speaking skills.
她正在寻找改善自己公开演讲技巧的方法。
EN： Milton Keynes is a prominent 'new town' in Buckinghamshire, England, built in the late 1960s. Known for its grid road system and modern urban planning, it is often a testing ground for innovative infrastructure, eco-friendly homes, and modern technological trials in the UK.
中文： 米尔顿凯恩斯是英国白金汉郡于 1960 年代后期规划建设的大型「新市镇」（New Town）。该地以网格状道路设计与现代城市规划闻名，在英国经常作为各类创新基础设施、绿能环保住宅及前沿科技试点代表城镇。
EN： Compound adjectives formed by a number and a singular noun (e.g., 'four-bedroom') function as pre-nominal modifiers. Even though the number is plural, the noun remains singular because it acts as part of the adjective hyphenated compound.
中文： 由「数字 + 单数名词」组成的复合形容词（例如「four-bedroom」），置于名词前作修饰语。尽管数字大于一，中间的名词仍须维持单数形式，并以连字号（hyphen）连接。
They decided to rent a three-story apartment near the station.
他们决定在车站附近租一间三层楼的公寓。
EN： Prepositional phrases with 'with' denote accompaniment or association. In this sentence, 'with her husband and three young children' modifies the verb 'lives', showing who shares the living space.
中文： 介系词短语「with...」在此表示「陪伴」或「同行」的伴随状态。在本句中，「with her husband and three young children」用来修饰动词「lives」，指明与主词同住的对象。
David lives in an old cottage with his grandparents.
大卫和他的祖父母住在一家老旧的乡村小屋里。
EN： In the UK housing market, residential properties are predominantly categorized and marketed by the number of bedrooms (e.g., 'a three-bedroom semi-detached house', 'a four-bedroom detached') rather than by total floor area (square meters/feet), which gives an immediate sense of the home's scale and suitability for a family.
中文： 在英国房地产市场中，房屋通常习惯以「卧室数量」（如 four-bedroom house）来界定规格与规模，而非像部分亚洲地区以坪数或平方公尺为首要标准。这能让读者或买家一眼看出该住宅适合容纳多少家庭成员。。
EN： The pattern 'be careful about + noun/clause' is used to express taking care or being cautious regarding a specific matter. Here, it is followed by a wh-clause ('how much energy they used') acting as the preposition's object.
中文： 句型「be careful about + 名词/子句」表示对某件事保持谨慎或注意。此处介词 about 后接由疑问词引导的名词子句（'how much energy they used'）作为受词。。
You should be careful about what you share on social media.
你应当对自己在社交媒体上分享的内容保持谨慎。
EN： The embedded question 'how much energy they used' functions as a noun clause. Unlike direct questions, embedded wh-clauses follow statement word order (Question word/phrase + Subject + Verb) rather than inverted order.
中文： 间接问句（嵌入式疑问句）「how much energy they used」作为名词子句使用。与直接问句不同，间接问句需采用陈述句语序（疑问词/词组 + 主词 + 动词），不进行倒装。。
I don't know how much money he spent on that car.
我不知道他买那辆车花了多少钱。
EN： In the UK, household energy costs and winter fuel poverty have been major public concerns following significant increases in the energy price cap. Families frequently take strict measures—such as lowering thermostats, using hot-water bottles, and limiting appliance use—to keep winter heating bills affordable.
中文： 在英国，随着能源价格上限大幅上涨，家庭取暖成本与「冬季燃料贫困」成为普遍的社会议题。许多家庭常会采取严格节能措施（例如调低恒温器、使用热水袋和限制电器使用）来避免高额暖气帐单。
EN： The infinitive of purpose ('to + verb') is used to express why an action is done. Here, 'to stay warm' indicates the reason for filling hot-water bottles and using blankets.
中文： 不定词表目的（to + 原形动词）用来表达做某动作的目的或原因。在此处，「to stay warm」（为了保暖）说明了装热水袋与多盖毯子的目的。
She wore a thick coat to keep warm in the snow.
她穿了一件厚外套以在雪地里保暖。
EN： The pattern 'spend [money/time] on [something]' is used to describe expending resources on a specific item or activity. 'Heating' here functions as a gerund/noun.
中文： 动词句型「spend + 金钱/时间 + on + 名词/动名词」表示「在某事物上花费金钱或时间」。句中的「heating」（暖气／供暖）作名词使用。
They decided not to spend extra money on eating out.
他们决定不在外食上花费额外的钱。
EN： In the UK, 'hot-water bottles' (rubber containers filled with hot water and encased in fleece or knitted covers) are a traditional, cost-effective way to warm beds during cold winter nights. With soaring energy tariffs, many British households have relied on such personal heating methods rather than turning on central heating.
中文： 在英国，热水袋（hot-water bottle，通常为橡胶制、外包绒布或毛线套）是寒冬夜晚暖床的传统且经济的做法。由于英国近年能源费用大幅上涨，许多家庭选择依赖热水袋或厚毯等局部保暖工具，以减少开启全屋中央暖气（central heating）的开销。
EN： The present perfect tense ('have changed') is used here to describe an action or event that occurred at an unspecified time in the recent past and has strong relevance or consequences in the present.
中文： 现在完成时（have + 过去分词 changed）在此处用来描述在过去发生且对“现在”依然有重大影响或结果的状态转变。
Technology has changed the way we communicate with each other.
科技已经彻底改变了我们彼此沟通的方式。
EN： The adverb 'dramatically' modifies the verb phrase 'have changed', indicating that the change is sudden, striking, and substantial in scale.
中文： 副词 'dramatically'（显著地、戏剧性地）用来修饰动词短语 'have changed'，表示这种改变非常显著、巨大且令人瞩目。
Prices dropped dramatically after the holiday season.
节日过后价格大幅下跌。
EN： In British news reporting, family case studies (referred to as 'the [Surname] family') are commonly used to humanize broader economic issues, such as the UK cost-of-living and energy crisis.
中文： 在英国新闻报道中，常借由特定家庭个案（通常以「the + 姓氏 + family」称呼）来具体呈现大环境的经济问题（例如英国近年的生活成本与能源危机），让宏观议题更贴近读者。
EN： The passive voice is formed using 'be + past participle' (was upgraded / was installed). It is used when the focus is on the recipient of the action or the result, rather than who performed it.
中文： 被动语态由「be 动词 + 过去分词」构成（如 was upgraded、was installed）。当说话者想强调动作的承受者或结果，而非动作的执行者时使用。。
The old school building was completely renovated last year.
那栋旧校舍去年进行了全面翻修。
EN： A defining relative clause begins with the relative pronoun 'that' (or 'which') to give essential information identifying a noun ('a large battery that was installed...'). Here, 'that' acts as the subject of the relative clause.
中文： 关系子句以关系代名词「that」引导，用来修饰并明确定义先前的名词（先行词 a large battery。在此子句中，「that」作主词，指代该电池。
He bought a laptop that was manufactured in Japan.
他买了一台在日本制造的笔记本电脑。
EN： In the UK, rising fossil-fuel energy costs have led to government and private initiatives supporting 'green retrofitting'. Combining rooftop solar panels, heat pumps (replacing traditional gas boilers), and home batteries allows households to generate, store, and consume self-sustaining clean energy.
中文： 在英国，随着化石燃料能源价格飙升，政府与能源业者推动「绿色房屋改造」（green retrofitting）。住家透过结合屋顶太阳能板、热泵（取代传统瓦斯锅炉）以及家用蓄蓄电池，能够自行发电、储电与用电，实现自给自足的洁净能源模式。。
EN： The passive voice in the past simple ('were' + past participle 'added') is used when the action is more important than who performed it, or when the agent is unknown or obvious from context.
中文： 过去简单式的被动语态由「were/was + 过去分词 (added)」构成。当动作本身或接受动作的対象比执行者更重要，或者执行者显而易见、无须指明时使用。
Several solar panels were installed on the roof yesterday.
昨天屋顶上安装了几块太阳能板。
EN： The adverb 'also' is placed between the auxiliary verb ('were') and the main verb ('added') in passive constructions, meaning 'in addition' or 'too'.
中文： 副词「also」（也、此外）在含有助动词或 be 动词的被动句中，通常置于助动词（were）与主要动词（added）之间，用来补充说明额外的事项它。
A new battery was also connected to the system.
系统中也额外连接了一颗新电池。
EN： In the UK, most homes rely on wet central heating systems using hot-water radiators fixed to walls. When upgrading to heat pumps (which run at lower water temperatures than traditional gas boilers), larger or additional radiators are often installed to ensure rooms stay sufficiently warm.
中文： 在英国，大多数住宅依赖水暖式中央暖气系统，透过安装在墙壁上的热水散热片（radiators）供暖。当住家改装热泵（heat pump）时，由于热泵的热水出水温度通常比传统燃气锅炉低，往往需要更换为更大尺寸或额外加装暖气片，以确保室温达标介。
EN： The phrasal verb 'turn [something] into [something]' means to transform or change someone or something into a different state, form, or role. It is often used with the present perfect tense ('has turned into') to show a completed change that impacts the present.
中文： 动词短语“turn [事物] into [事物]”表示将某物改造成或转变为另一种状态、形式或角色介。句中搭配现在完成式（has turned into），强调过去完成的改造动作对现在造成的显著结果介。
The community has turned the abandoned lot into a vibrant park.
该社区已将那块废弃空地改造成一座生气勃勃的公园介。
EN： The phrase 'something like' is used as an informal qualifier meaning 'approximately', 'similar to', or 'resembling'. It softens the comparison when something is not literally that object but functions very much like it.
中文： 短语“something like”用作修饰语，意思是“类似于……”或“有点像……”。当某个事物并非字面上的具体物件，但功能或特质非常相像时，可用此短语进行生动而灵活的譬喻介。
The new portable gadget looks something like a small smartphone.
这款新的便携设备看起来有点像一支小智能手机介。
EN： In the UK, many houses are old, poorly insulated, and rely on gas heating, making them vulnerable to surging energy tariffs. 'Retrofitting'—installing modern green energy tech such as solar panels, air-source heat pumps, and home storage batteries into existing properties—has become a central strategy for UK homeowners trying to achieve energy independence and achieve 'net zero' living.
中文： 在英国，多数民宅历史悠久且隔热性能较差，传统上高度依赖燃气暖气，容易受到能源帐单飙涨冲击。「Retrofitting（老屋绿能改装／翻新）」——即在既有房屋中加装太阳能面板、热泵及蓄电池——已成为许多英国家庭追求能源自主与「净零碳排」生活的核心解决方案。
EN： The verb 'allow' commonly follows the pattern 'allow + object + to-infinitive', meaning to give permission or make it possible for someone/something to do an action.
中文： 动词「allow」常用句型为「allow + 受词 + 不定词（to V）」，意思是「允许」或「使……能够」做某事。
Smart home technology allows us to monitor our power usage remotely.
智慧家庭技术使我们能够远程监控用电量。
EN： The phrase 'one's own' (here 'its own') is used to emphasize that something belongs exclusively to or is done directly by the subject, rather than relying on external sources.
中文： 代名词所有格加上「own」（此处为「its own」），用来强调某物完全归该主体所有，或是由该主体独立自行产生，而非依赖外界。
The greenhouse grows its own vegetables all year round.
这座温室一年四季都自己种植蔬菜。
EN： In the UK, the rising cost of living and energy crisis has led many homeowners to invest in 'retrofitting'—adding modern green tech like solar PV panels, heat pumps, and home storage batteries to existing older houses to reach net-zero energy bills.
中文： 在英国，生活成本攀升与能源危机促使许多屋主进行「老屋翻新改造（retrofitting）」，即为旧住宅加装太阳能板、热泵及家用储能电池等绿能设备，以实现零电费帐单的目标。。
EN： A restrictive relative clause introduced by 'that' is used here to define and specify the noun 'excess energy'. In this clause, 'that' functions as the direct object of the verb 'produces'.
中文： 这里使用由「that」引导的限定性关系子句来修饰先行词「excess energy」（多馀能量）。在此关系子句中，「that」担任动词「produces」的受词。。
The electricity that the solar panels generate is completely free.
太阳能板产生的电力完全是免费的。
EN： The passive voice pattern 'is + past participle' (is sent) is used when the focus is on what happens to the energy rather than who or what sends it.
中文： 被动语态结构「is + 过去分词」（is sent）用于将焦点放在能量所受到的处理，而非执行传送的主体。。
Surplus power is fed back into the national supply system.
剩余电力会被回输至国家电力供应系统中。
EN： In the UK and many European countries, households with solar panels can sell surplus electricity back to the National Grid under schemes like the Smart Export Guarantee (SEG). This process helps balance the wider energy system and allows homeowners to earn credits or offset costs.
中文： 在英国及许多欧洲国家，安装太阳能电池板的家庭可通过类似“智能出口保证”（Smart Export Guarantee, SEG）的机制，将剩余电力回售给国家电网（National Grid）。这不仅有助于维持公共电力系统的供需平衡，还能让用户赚取电费抵扣或额外收益。
EN： "Because of" is a compound preposition followed by a noun phrase (e.g., "this system"), expressing a reason or cause. Unlike the conjunction "because", it cannot be directly followed by a subject-verb clause.
中文： “Because of”为复合介词，后面必须接名词或名词短语（如“this system”）以表达原因。它与从属连词“because”（后接包含主语和动词的完整从句）不同。
Because of the heavy snow, the flight was delayed.
因为大雪，航班延误了。
EN： The relative pronoun "which" introduces a restrictive relative clause that modifies the antecedent "tariff". Here, "which" functions as the subject of the verb "guarantees".
中文： 关系代词“which”在此引导关系从句，用来修饰先行词“tariff”（计费方案）。在从句中，“which”扮演主语角色，接续动词“guarantees”。
She signed a contract which guarantees a fixed interest rate.
她签订了一份保证固定利率的合同。
EN： In the UK energy market, a "tariff" refers to the specific pricing plan or contract for gas and electricity (e.g., fixed tariff, standard variable tariff). British suppliers like Octopus Energy frequently introduce innovative green tariffs tied to home renewable technologies such as solar and heat pumps.
中文： 在英国能源市场中，“tariff”通常指天然气或电力的特定“收费费率方案”（如固定费率或浮动费率）。英国的能源供应商（例如章鱼能源）经常推出与太阳能板、热泵等绿能设备绑定的创新环保费率合约。
EN： The 'There is / There are' structure is an existential construction used to state that something exists. Here, 'There' acts as an expletive (dummy) subject, followed by the singular linking verb 'is' because the logical subject 'one condition' is singular.
中文： “There is / There are”是表示“存在”的存现句型（Existential construction）。“There”在此作为虚主语（dummy subject），后方接单数连系动词“is”，因为真正的逻辑主语“one condition”是单数名词。
There is a strict rule that all visitors must observe.
有一项所有访客都必须遵守的严格规定。
EN： A relative clause (adjective clause) introduced by the relative pronoun 'that' modifies the noun 'condition'. In this clause, 'that' functions as the direct object of the transitive verb 'follow' ('the family must follow [the condition]').
中文： 由关系代词“that”引导的关系从句（形容词从句），用来修饰先行词“condition”（条件）。在此子句中，“that”充当及物动词“follow”的宾语（即“the family must follow [the condition]”）。
This is a policy that every employee should understand.
这是每位员工都应该理解的一项政策。
EN： The structure 'need + to-infinitive' expresses an obligation or necessity. 'Stay within' acts as a phrasal verb meaning to remain below a particular threshold or limit.
中文： “need + 不定词 (to + 原形动词)”表示义务或必要性。“stay within”为短语动词，意为“保持在……范围或限度内”。
Drivers must stay within the speed limit in residential areas.
驾驶人在住宅区内必须保持在速限之内。
EN： Past participle phrase as a post-modifier: 'set by the energy company' is a reduced relative clause (short for 'which is set by...') that modifies the noun phrase 'a fair usage limit'.
中文： 过去分词短语作后置修饰：“set by the energy company”是简化关系从句（原为 which is set by...），用来修饰前面的名词短语“a fair usage limit”（合理使用额度）。
The rules established by the school apply to everyone.
学校制定的规定适用于所有人。
EN： In the UK energy and telecoms sectors, a 'fair usage limit' (or 'fair usage policy', FUP) is a common clause. Even on 'unlimited' or 'zero-bill' promotional tariffs, suppliers prevent excessive consumption or commercial misuse by capping free usage at reasonable domestic levels.
中文： 在英国公用事业（如电力、电信）中，「合理使用额度」（fair usage limit 或 fair usage policy，简称 FUP）是十分常见的条款。即便方案标榜「无限制」或「零电费」，业者仍会设定一个合理的家庭用电上限，以防止过度耗能或转作商业用途。
EN： "As long as" is a subordinating conjunction used to introduce a condition, meaning "only if" or "on the condition that". Like other conditional clauses (first conditional pattern), the clause introduced by "as long as" uses the present simple tense ("do") to refer to the future, while the main clause uses "will/will not" + base verb.
中文： 「As long as」是从属连接词，意思是「只要……」，用来引导条件子句。与常见的第一条件句相同，条件子句中须使用现在简单式（如 "do"）来表示未来的条件，而主要子句则搭配「will / will not + 原形动词」。
As long as you return the book tomorrow, you can borrow it.
只要你明天归还，你就可以借走这本书。
EN： "Will not be billed" is a future passive construction (will + not + be + past participle). The verb "bill" means to charge someone for goods or services. Here, the subjects ("they") receive the action of being charged, so the passive voice is used.
中文： 「Will not be billed」为未来式的被动语态（will + not + be + 过去分词）。动词 "bill" 表示「向……收费、开帐单给……」。由于主词（they）是被收费的对象，因此使用被动语态。
You will not be charged any extra fees for this service.
此服务不会向您收取任何额外费用。
EN： In the UK, heating and electricity bills are major concerns during winter due to cold temperatures and energy price volatility. Innovative green-energy programs (such as zero-bill guarantees via solar, batteries, and heat pumps) allow families to fix or eliminate home energy costs, provided they adhere to fair usage policies.
中文： 在英国，由于冬季气温低以及能源价格波动，暖气与电费一直是家庭开销的沉重负担。借助太阳能板、家用储能电池与热泵等绿能改造，新型能源方案（如零电费保证）让家庭只要遵守合理使用限制，就能大幅免除家庭耗能的费用。。
EN： The phrasal verb 'look forward to' means to anticipate something with pleasure. In this construction, 'to' is a preposition, not an infinitive marker, which means it must be followed by a noun, pronoun, or gerund (-ing form).
中文： 片语动词「look forward to」意思是「期待、盼望」。在此结构中，「to」是介系词而非不定词标记，因此后面必须接名词、代名词或动名词（-ing 形式）。
We are looking forward to meeting you next week.
我们很期待下周与您见面。
EN： In indirect speech or reported statements, the conjunction 'that' introducing a noun clause can often be omitted after reporting verbs like 'say', 'think', or 'believe'. Here, 'Naylor says [that] she is...'.
中文： 在间接引语或转述句中，引导名词子句（受词子句）的连接词「that」在「say」、「think」或「believe」等转述动词后常可省略。本句即为「Naylor says [that] she is...」。
He says he will arrive on time.
他说他会准时到达。
EN： In the UK, winter energy bills are a major topic of concern due to cold temperatures and high heating costs. While many families dread winter utility spikes, families with retrofitted energy-efficient homes often look forward to staying warm comfortably without financial stress.
中文： 在英国，由于冬季寒冷且暖气支出庞大，能源账单一直是全民关注的焦点。许多家庭对冬天的电费暴增感到担忧，因此完成节能改造、能免受高昂账单之苦的家庭，才会真正「期待」冬天的到来。
EN： The adjective phrase 'careful with' followed by a noun means taking care not to waste, damage, or misuse something. Adverbs of degree like 'fairly' or frequency like 'always' are placed before the adjective/verb to modify intensity and frequency.
中文： 形容词短语「careful with + 名词」表示「对……很小心／节省／谨慎」，避免浪费或损坏。此处搭配频率副词 'always'（总是）与程度副词 'fairly'（相当、颇为）修饰形容词 careful，表达「一直都相当节俭/谨慎」。
He has always been fairly careful with his monthly budget.
他对每个月的预算一直都相当谨慎。
EN： In reported speech with direct quotation, the reporting clause (subject + verb, e.g., 'she explains') often appears after the quoted statement. A comma separates the direct quote from the reporting clause.
中文： 在直接引语（Direct Speech）中，引述子句（如 'she explains' 主词加动词）常置于引号所包夹的句子之后，引号内部末端以逗号与引述子句分隔。
"The project will finish on time," the manager confirmed.
「专案会准时完成，」经理证实道。
EN： In British English, 'fairly' is a common downtoner used to soften a statement, meaning 'moderately' or 'quite'. Being 'careful with energy' or heating is a very common topic of discussion among British households due to historically high utility tariffs and older, less energy-efficient housing stock.
中文： 在英国英语中，'fairly' 是常用的缓和副词，表示「相当／还算」。由于英国气候湿冷、老旧房屋隔热普遍不佳，加上近年能源费用飙涨，「节省能源（careful with energy）」与限制暖气使用是英国家庭非常普遍的日常话题。
EN： The combination 'only ever' is used as an emphatic adverbial phrase to mean 'never at any time other than' or 'strictly limited to'. It emphasizes that an action or state never exceeded a particular limit in the past.
中文： 「only ever」是加强语气的副词片语，意思是「向来只有、从未超过某个限制」。在此处用来强调过去暖气设定严格受限，从未调高过十八度。
He only ever drinks water with his meals.
他用餐时向来只喝水。
EN： The non-defining relative clause introduced by ', which' refers back to the entire preceding clause ('heat the house before the children come home from school') rather than just a single noun, functioning as a sentential relative clause.
中文： 由「, which」引导的非限定关系子句，其先行词是前面整件事（在孩子放学回家前暖房），而非单一的名词，这在文法上称为「指涉整句的关系子句」。
She passed her driving test on the first try, which surprised everyone.
她第一次就通过了驾照考试，这让所有人都很惊讶。
EN： In the UK, 18°C (around 64°F) is commonly cited by the NHS and energy advisors as the minimum recommended room temperature for healthy adults during winter. Setting heating strictly to 18°C reflects stringent budget-conscious behavior often prompted by the UK energy crisis.
中文： 在英国，18°C（约 64°F）常被英国国民保健署（NHS）建议为冬季健康成年人室内的最低温度底线。将暖气严格限制在 18 度，反映了英国许多家庭在能源价格飙涨危机下，为了省钱而不得不克制的取暖习惯。
重要单词附有 IPA 发音、定义、例句和互动式测验。
在本文中： 预测、预料
在本文中： 显著地、大幅地
在本文中： 升级、改造提升
在本文中： 安装、设置
在本文中： （对旧建筑或设施进行的）翻新改装、节能改造
在本文中： 产生（电能等）
在本文中： 多余的、过量的
在本文中： 计费标准、价目表（此指电费方案）
在本文中： 保证、确保
在本文中： 条件、限制条款
片语包含类型标示、双语定义、用法说明和例句。
Energy from a source that is not depleted when used, such as wind or solar power.
可再生能源
An interconnected network for delivering electricity from producers to consumers.
输电网、电力网络：将电力从生产者输送到消费者的互联网络。
To feel excited or pleased about something that is going to happen.
期盼、期待：对即将发生的事情感到兴奋或高兴。
Provided that; only if.
只要……