EN： The conjunction 'as' is used here to indicate that two things are happening at the same time, often showing a cause-and-effect relationship where one event triggers another.
中文： 连词“as”在此处用于表示两件事同时发生，通常显示出一种因果关系，即一个事件引发了另一个事件（随着……）。
The crowd cheered as the players entered the field.
随着球员进入球场，人群欢呼了起来。
EN： Adverbs of manner, like 'sharply', are used to describe how an action is performed. 'Sharply' indicates a sudden and significant change.
中文： 方式副词（如“sharply”）用于描述动作进行的方式。“sharply”表示突然且显著的变化（大幅地、剧烈地）。
The temperature rose sharply in the afternoon.
下午气温大幅上升。
EN： The relationship between the United States and Iran is a major geopolitical factor influencing global oil prices. The Strait of Hormuz, mentioned in the context, is one of the world's most important oil transit chokepoints, which is why any potential 'deal' or 'conflict' between these two nations causes immediate reactions in the energy markets.
中文： 美国与伊朗之间的关系是影响全球油价的主要地缘政治因素。背景中提到的霍尔木兹海峡是世界上最重要的石油运输咽喉要道之一，这就是为什么这两国之间任何潜在的“协议”或“冲突”都会引起能源市场的立即反应。
EN： Present Continuous Tense (be + V-ing): Used here to describe a current trend or an action happening around the present moment.
中文： 现在进行时 (be + V-ing)：此处用于描述目前的趋势或正在发生的动作。
The stock market is rising due to positive news.
由于利好消息，股市正在上涨。
EN： The preposition 'since' with a specific point in time: Used to indicate the starting point of a period that continues up to the present.
中文： 介词 'since' 接特定时间点：用于表示从过去某个时间点开始，一直持续到现在的期间。
He has been working here since 2015.
他自 2015 年以来就一直在这里工作。
EN： The year 2020 is a significant reference point in global economics because the COVID-19 pandemic caused unprecedented fluctuations in oil prices, including a period where prices briefly turned negative.
中文： 2020 年是全球经济的一个重要参考点，因为 COVID-19 疫情导致油价出现前所未有的波动，甚至一度出现负油价的情况。
EN： Non-defining relative clauses: These provide extra information about a noun using 'which' or 'who' and are separated by commas. They are not essential to the sentence's core meaning.
中文： 非限定性关系从句：使用 “which” 或 “who” 来提供关于名词的额外信息，并以逗号隔开。这类从句对于句子的核心意义并非必要，仅作补充说明。
The company, which was founded in 1990, is now a market leader.
这家公司（成立于 1990 年）现在是市场领导者。
EN： Present Perfect Tense: Formed with 'has/have + past participle', it describes an action that started in the past and continues to the present or has relevance now, often used with 'since'.
中文： 现在完成时：由“has/have + 过去分词”构成，描述从过去开始并持续到现在，或与现在仍有相关的动作，常与 “since”（自从）连用。
The stock market has risen significantly since the beginning of the year.
自今年年初以来，股市已大幅上涨。
EN： Brent crude is a major trading classification of sweet light crude oil that serves as a major benchmark price for purchases of oil worldwide. It is sourced from the North Sea.
中文： 布伦特原油是一种主要的轻质甜味原油交易分类，是全球石油采购的主要基准价格。它主要产自北海。
EN： Non-restrictive Relative Clause: The word 'which' is used after a comma to provide extra information about the preceding clause or noun phrase. In this sentence, it describes the price movement of the oil mentioned earlier.
中文： 非限定性关系从句：在逗号后使用 'which' 来对前面的从句或名词短语提供额外的补充说明。在本句中，它描述了前述石油价格的变动情况。
The company's stock rose by 5%, which was a surprise to many investors.
该公司的股票上涨了 5%，这对许多投资者来说是个惊喜。
EN： Preposition 'at' for Price/Rate: The preposition 'at' is commonly used to indicate a specific price, rate, or level at which something is bought, sold, or trading.
中文： 介词 'at' 表示价格或比率：介词 'at' 常用于表示某物买卖或交易时的特定价格、比率或水平。
The gold was sold at 2,000 dollars per ounce.
黄金以每盎司 2,000 美元的价格售出。
EN： Brent crude is a major trading classification of sweet light crude oil that serves as a major benchmark price for purchases of oil worldwide. The price per barrel is a key economic indicator often discussed in global news.
中文： 布伦特原油是一种主要的轻质甜味原油贸易分类，是全球石油采购的主要基准价格。每桶价格是全球新闻中经常讨论的重要经济指标。
EN： The Present Participle as an Adjective: The word 'growing' is a present participle (verb + -ing) used as an adjective to describe the noun 'hope'. It indicates a continuous or increasing state.
中文： 现在分词作形容词：单词 'growing' 是现在分词（动词 + -ing），在此作为形容词修饰名词 'hope'（希望），表示一种持续进行或不断增长的状态。
There is a growing demand for electric cars.
对电动汽车的需求正在日益增长。
EN： Prepositional Phrases as Modifiers: The sentence uses several prepositional phrases ('for this drop', 'for a peace deal', 'between the United States and Iran') to provide specific details about the nouns they follow.
中文： 介词短语作为修饰语：本句使用了多个介词短语（如 'for this drop'、'for a peace deal' 等）来为其前方 的名词提供具体细节。
The key to success is hard work.
成功的关键是努力工作。
EN： The relationship between the United States and Iran has been a significant factor in global oil market stability for decades. Diplomatic developments between these two nations often lead to immediate fluctuations in energy prices due to Iran's strategic location near the Strait of Hormuz.
中文： 数十年来，美国与伊朗之间的关系一直是全球石油市场稳定的重要因素。由于伊朗邻近霍尔木兹海峡的战略位置，这两国之间的外交进展往往会导致能源价格的即时波动。
EN： The Present Perfect Tense (have/has + past participle) is used here to describe an action that started in the past and continues to the present (has lasted) or has a result in the present (has caused).
中文： 现在完成时（have/has + 过去分词）在此处用于描述从过去开始并持续到现在的动作（has lasted），或是对现在产生影响的结果（has caused）。
The rain has lasted for three hours.
这场雨已经持续了三个小时。
EN： The phrase 'cause problems for' is a common collocation used to indicate the target or entity that is negatively affected by a specific issue.
中文： 短语“cause problems for”是一个常见的搭配词，用于指出受特定问题负面影响的对象或实体。
The technical glitch caused problems for the users.
技术故障给用户带来了问题。
EN： The mention of the 90-day conflict refers to the geopolitical tensions in the Middle East, specifically involving Iran and the Strait of Hormuz, which is a critical chokepoint for global oil supply. Any instability here historically leads to immediate fluctuations in global energy prices.
中文： 文中提到的 90 天冲突是指中东的地缘政治紧张局势，特别是涉及伊朗和霍尔木兹海峡，该海峡是全球石油供应的关键咽喉要道。历史上，此处的任何不稳定都会立即导致全球能源价格的波动。
EN： The structure 'by + -ing' (gerund) is used to describe the method or means by which an action is performed.
中文： “by + 动名词 (-ing)”的结构用于描述执行某个动作的方法或手段。
She improved her English by watching movies.
她通过看电影来提高她的英语。
EN： Non-restrictive relative clauses start with 'which' and provide extra information about a noun. They are always separated by a comma.
中文： 非限定性关系从句以“which”开头，提供关于名词的额外信息。这类从句前面通常会加上逗号与主句隔开。
He lives in Paris, which is the capital of France.
他住在巴黎，那是法国的首都。
EN： The Strait of Hormuz is one of the world's most strategically important choke points for oil. About a fifth of the world's total oil consumption passes through this narrow waterway between the Gulf and the Gulf of Oman.
中文： 霍尔木兹海峡是全球最具战略意义的石油运输咽喉点之一。全球约五分之一的石油消费量会经过这条位于波斯湾与阿曼湾之间的狭窄水道。
EN： The Passive Voice (be + past participle) is used when the action is more important than the person or thing performing it. In this sentence, 'was closed' and 'were blocked' focus on the state of the strait and the exports.
中文： 被动语态（be 动词 + 过去分词）用于当动作本身比执行动作的人或物更重要时。在本句中，“was closed”（被关闭）和“were blocked”（被封锁）强调了海峡和出口物资的状态。
The road was blocked by fallen trees after the storm.
暴风雨过后，道路被倒下的树木封锁了。
EN： The conjunction 'Because' introduces a subordinate clause of reason, explaining why the main event (the blocking of oil) occurred.
中文： 从属连词“Because”（因为）引导原因从句，用来解释主要事件（石油被封锁）发生的原因。
Because the flight was delayed, we missed the meeting.
因为航班延误，我们错过了会议。
EN： The Strait of Hormuz is one of the world's most strategically important choke points for oil. Located between the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman, it is the only sea passage from the Persian Gulf to the open ocean, making it vital for global energy security.
中文： 霍尔木兹海峡是全球最具战略意义的石油运输咽喉要道之一。它位于波斯湾与阿曼湾之间，是从波斯湾进入公海的唯一海上通道，因此对全球能源安全至关重要。
EN： The phrase 'According to' is a prepositional phrase used to indicate the source of information. It is followed by a noun or a noun phrase.
中文： 短语“According to”是一个介词短语，用于表示信息的来源，后面接名词或名词短语。
According to the weather forecast, it will rain tomorrow.
根据天气预报，明天会下雨。
EN： The Past Simple tense (shared) is used to describe a completed action that happened at a specific time in the past.
中文： 过去简单时（shared）用于描述在过去特定时间点已经完成的动作。
The manager shared the new plan with the team yesterday.
经理昨天与团队分享了新计划。
EN： In diplomatic contexts, a 'draft' refers to a preliminary version of a document that is not yet final. Sharing such documents with 'allies' is a standard procedure to ensure mutual support before official negotiations.
中文： 在外交语境中，“草案”(draft) 指的是尚未定案的初步文件版本。与“盟友”(allies) 分享此类文件是正式谈判前的标准程序，以确保获得彼此的支持。
EN： The Past Perfect Tense (had + past participle) is used to describe an action that was completed before another action in the past. Here, the 'reaching of a deal' happened before the 'reporting'.
中文： 过去完成时（had + 过去分词）用于描述在过去某个动作之前就已经完成的动作。在此句中，“达成协议”发生在“报道”之前。
The company had already signed the contract before the news was released.
在消息发布之前，公司就已经签署了合同。
EN： The 'that' clause functions as a noun clause (object) following the reporting verb 'reported', providing the specific content of what was reported.
中文： 由 'that' 引导的从句作为名词性从句（宾语），接在报道动词 'reported' 之后，用来提供报道的具体内容。
She reported that the project was finished on time.
她报道称该项目已准时完成。
EN： Axios is a prominent American news website known for its 'Smart Brevity' style, focusing on concise reporting of politics and business. The mention of '60 days' is a common timeframe in diplomatic negotiations for temporary cooling-off periods.
中文： Axios 是一家著名的美国新闻网站，以其“精简聪明”(Smart Brevity) 的风格著称，专注于政治和商业的简明报道。文中提到的“60 天”是外交谈判中常见的临时冷静期时间框架。
EN： The Present Perfect Tense (have/has + past participle) is used here with 'not yet' to describe an action that was expected to happen but has not occurred up to the present moment.
中文： 现在完成时（have/has + 过去分词）在此处与“not yet”（尚未）连用，用来描述一个预期会发生，但直到目前为止还没有发生的动作。
The manager has not yet signed the contract.
经理尚未签署合同。
EN： The phrasal verb 'agree to' is used when someone gives their consent or accepts a formal proposal, plan, or set of terms.
中文： 短语动词“agree to”用于某人表示同意或接受正式的提议、计划或一组条款。
They finally agreed to the new rules.
他们最终同意了新规则。
EN： In international diplomacy and business, 'terms' refers to the specific conditions or points of an agreement. The phrase 'not yet' is often used in news reporting to indicate that while a deal is close, it remains unconfirmed, maintaining a sense of ongoing negotiation.
中文： 在国际外交与商业中，“terms”指的是协议的具体条件或条款。新闻报道中常使用“not yet”（尚未）来表示虽然协议接近达成，但仍未最终确认，保留了谈判仍在进行中的语境。
EN： Reported speech with 'that' clause: This structure is used to report what someone said. The verb 'said' is followed by a 'that' clause which functions as the object of the sentence.
中文： 使用 'that' 子句的间接引语：此结构用于转述某人的话。动词 'said' 后面接一个 'that' 子句，该子句在句子中充当宾语。
The manager said that the meeting was canceled.
经理说会议取消了。
EN： Adverbs of time 'yet' and 'already': 'Yet' is used in negative statements to indicate that something expected has not happened up to the present time.
中文： 时间副词 'yet' 与 'already'：'Yet' 用于否定句中，表示预期的事情直到现在尚未发生。
I haven't finished my homework yet.
我还没完成我的作业。
EN： In U.S. politics, the Vice President often acts as a key spokesperson for the administration's foreign policy. The phrase 'not there yet' is a common idiomatic expression in American English used in negotiations to indicate that while progress has been made, a final agreement hasn't been reached.
中文： 在美国政治中，副总统经常担任政府外交政策的关键发言人。短语 'not there yet' 是美式英语谈判中常用的惯用语，表示虽然取得了进展，但尚未达成最终协议。
EN： The Present Perfect Tense (have/has + past participle) is used to describe an action that happened in the past but has a direct connection or result in the present.
中文： 现在完成时（have/has + 过去分词）用于描述过去发生但与现在有直接关联或结果的动作。
The recent news has had a major impact on our plans.
最近的新闻对我们的计划产生了重大影响。
EN： The phrase 'have an effect on' is a common collocation used to describe how one thing influences another. 'Effect' is a noun, while 'affect' is usually the verb form.
中文： 短语“have an effect on”是一个常见的搭配，用于描述一件事物如何影响另一件事物。注意“effect”是名词，而“affect”通常是动词形式。
Regular exercise has a positive effect on your health.
规律运动对你的健康有积极的影响。
EN： Appositives are nouns or noun phrases that follow another noun to explain or identify it. In this sentence, 'an analyst at Deutsche Bank' identifies who 'Henry Allen' is.
中文： 同位语（Appositives）是紧跟在另一个名词后面的名词或名词短语，用于解释或识别该名词。在本句中，“an analyst at Deutsche Bank”识别了“亨利·艾伦”的身份。
Mr. Smith, my high school teacher, is very kind.
史密斯先生，我的高中老师，人非常亲切。
EN： The Past Continuous tense (was/were + verb-ing) is used here within a reported speech structure to describe a situation that was ongoing at the time of the statement.
中文： 过去进行时（was/were + 现在分词）在此处用于间接引语结构中，描述在说话当时正在持续发生的情况。
She said that the children were playing in the garden.
她说孩子们那时正在花园里玩耍。
EN： Deutsche Bank is a major German multinational investment bank. In financial news, analysts from such institutions are frequently quoted to provide expert perspective on market trends.
中文： 德意志银行（Deutsche Bank）是一家主要的德国跨国投资银行。在财经新闻中，经常会引用这类机构分析师的言论，以提供对市场趋势的专家观点。
EN： The sentence uses a 'that-clause' as a noun clause acting as the direct object of the verb 'explained'. This structure is used to report what someone said or thought.
中文： 本句使用 'that' 引导的名词从句作为动词 'explained'（解释）的直接宾语。这种结构常用于转述某人的话语或想法。
She mentioned that the meeting was canceled.
她提到会议已经取消了。
EN： The present continuous tense ('are feeling') is used here to describe a current state or a developing trend in the investors' sentiment.
中文： 现在进行时（'are feeling'）在此处用来描述投资者情绪的现状或正在发展的趋势。
Consumers are feeling more optimistic about the holiday season.
消费者对节日期间感到更加乐观。
EN： The phrase 'As a result' is a transitional adverbial phrase used to introduce a consequence or effect of something previously mentioned.
中文： “As a result”是一个转折副词短语，用于引出前面所提内容的结果或影响，相当于中文的“因此”或“结果”。
He studied hard; as a result, he passed the exam.
他努力学习；因此，他通过了考试。
EN： The 'There has been' structure is the present perfect form of 'There is/are', used to indicate that something has existed or occurred from a point in the past up to the present.
中文： “There has been”结构是“There is/are”的现在完成时，用于表示某事从过去某个时间点到现在为止已经存在或发生过。
There has been a lot of rain this week.
这周一直下很多雨。
EN： In financial contexts, a 'rally' refers to a period of sustained increases in the prices of stocks, bonds, or related indexes. This term is often used to describe a recovery after a period of decline or stagnation.
中文： 在金融语境中，“rally”（反弹/回升）是指股票、债券或相关指数价格持续上涨的时期。这个词通常用来描述在一段下跌或停滞期后的市场复苏。
EN： Present Perfect Passive Voice: Formed by 'has/have + been + past participle'. It is used to describe an action that started in the past and continues to the present, or has just been completed, where the subject receives the action.
中文： 现在完成时的被动语态：由“has/have + been + 过去分词”构成。用于描述从过去开始持续到现在，或刚刚完成的动作，且主语是动作的承受者。
The new policy has been used to improve efficiency.
这项新政策一直被用来提高效率。
EN： Linking Verb 'Seem': Used to describe an impression or appearance. It is often followed by an adjective (like 'smaller') to describe the state of the subject.
中文： 连系动词“seem”：用于描述印象或外观。后面通常接形容词（如“smaller”）来描述主语的状态。
The problem seems simple but is actually complex.
这个问题看起来简单，但实际上很复杂。
EN： 'Stagflation' is a portmanteau of 'stagnation' and 'inflation'. It describes a rare and difficult economic situation where economic growth is stagnant (slow) while inflation (rising prices) is high, which traditionally shouldn't happen at the same time.
中文： “Stagflation”（滞胀）是“stagnation”（停滞）和“inflation”（通货膨胀）的合成词。它描述了一种罕见且困难的经济状况：经济增长停滞（缓慢）的同时，通货膨胀（物价上涨）却很高，这在传统经济理论中通常不会同时发生。
重要单词附有 IPA 发音、定义、例句和互动式测验。
在本文中： 剧烈地、大幅度地
在本文中： 标准、基准
在本文中： 冲突、斗争
在本文中： 暂定的、初步的
在本文中： 停火、停战协议
在本文中： 乐观、乐观主义
在本文中： （价格或市场的）回升、反弹
在本文中： 滞胀（经济停滞与通胀并存）
片语包含类型标示、双语定义、用法说明和例句。
A major trading classification of sweet light crude oil that serves as a major benchmark price for purchases of oil worldwide.
布伦特原油
A regular practical route taken by ships on the ocean or large lakes.
航线、航道
A stock exchange where shares of publicly held companies are issued and traded.
股票市场、股市
A feeling of hope or confidence that is gradually increasing.
日益增长的乐观情绪