EN： The pattern 'prefer A over B' is used to express that someone likes option A more than option B. 'A' and 'B' should be grammatically parallel (e.g., both nouns or both gerunds).
中文： 「prefer A over B」结构用于表达「比起 B，更偏好/喜欢 A」。其中的 A 与 B 在语法结构上必须对等（例如皆为名词或动名词）。
Many young people prefer working remotely over commuting to an office every day.
许多年轻人比起每天通勤去办公室，更愿意远程工作。
EN： Past participle phrases (e.g., 'written by...') can act as reduced relative clauses, modifying the noun that comes before them ('stories [which were] written by...').
中文： 过去分词短语（如「written by...」）可用作简化定语从句，直接修饰前方紧邻的名词（即「stories [which were] written by...」），用来表示被动概念。
The painting created by the young artist won first prize in the competition.
那位年轻艺术家所创作的画作在比赛中获得了一等奖。
EN： The Passive Voice (was + past participle) is used when the focus is on the action or the receiver of the action (the research) rather than who performed it.
中文： 被动语态（was + 过去分词）用于强调动作本身或承受动作的对象（这项研究），而非执行动作的人。
The article was written last week.
这篇文章是上周写的。
EN： The preposition 'in' is used before journals, magazines, newspapers, or books to indicate where information is published.
中文： 介词 'in' 用于期刊、杂志、报纸或书籍之前，表示信息发表的出处。
Her paper was published in a famous medical journal.
她的论文发表在一份著名的医学期刊上。
EN： The passive voice 'were asked' combined with an infinitive ('to read') is used when the focus is on the recipients of the action rather than the person giving the instruction.
中文： 「被动语态（were asked）」搭配「不定式（to read）」的结构，用于强调接受动作的主体（被要求的人），而非发出指令的人。
The students were asked to complete the survey before leaving.
学生们被要求在离开前完成这份问卷。
EN： The structure 'one of + plural noun' means one item out of a group of multiple items, and it always takes a singular verb if used as the subject.
中文： 「one of + 复数名词」表示「许多项目中的其中一个」。若作为句子主语时，动词须使用单数形式。
She chose one of the red apples from the basket.
她从篮子里挑选了其中一颗红苹果。
EN： The passive voice (be + past participle) is used when the focus is on the action or the receiver of the action rather than the doer. The preposition 'by' introduces the agent performing the action.
中文： 被动语态（be 动词 + 过去分词）用于将焦点放在动作本身或承受动作的对象，而非执行者。介词「by」则用来引介执行该动作的人事物。
The artwork was created by a local student.
这件艺术品是由当地的一名学生创作的。
EN： To avoid repetition, pronouns or numerals like 'three' can stand alone to refer back to a previously mentioned plural noun (in this case, 'stories').
中文： 为了避免重复，代词或像「three」这样的数字可以单独使用，用来代指前文已提过的复数名词（在此句中指「故事」）。
Five students entered the competition, but only two won prizes.
五名学生参加了比赛，但只有两名赢得奖项。
EN： The structure 'a similar [noun] to [noun/pronoun]' is used to show that two things share common characteristics or qualities.
中文： 「a similar + 名词 + to + 名词/代词」结构用于表示两者之间具有相似的特征或性质。
This phone has a similar design to my old one.
这款手机的设计跟我旧的那支很相似。
EN： Hyphenated compound adjectives formed with a noun and a past participle (e.g., 'AI-generated', 'human-written') modify nouns by describing how they were created.
中文： 由「名词 + 过去分词」组成的连字符复合形容词（如 AI-generated、human-written），用于修饰名词，说明该事物是如何被创作或产生的。
We prefer eco-friendly and hand-made products.
我们偏好环保且手工制作的产品。
EN： The verb 'tell' takes two objects: an indirect object (the person being told) and a direct object clause introduced by 'whether' to present two possibilities (whether... or...).
中文： 动词「tell」可接双宾语：间接宾语（告知的对象，如 participants）与直接宾语从句。此处由「whether」引导从句，用来表达「是否…（或是…）」的两种可能性（whether... or...）。
She asked me whether I wanted tea or coffee.
她问我想喝茶还是咖啡。
EN： Passive Voice in the Past Tense ('was written by'): Used when the action performed on the subject is more important than who performed it, or to focus on the story itself.
中文： 过去式被动语态（was written by）：当焦点在于受动作影响的事物（故事），而非执行动作的主体时使用。结构为「主语 + was/were + 过去分词 + by + 执行者」。
The book was written by a famous author in 1995.
这本书是由一位知名作者于 1995 年编写的。
EN： The transition adverb 'however' is used at the beginning of a sentence to introduce a contrast to a previous statement. It is typically followed by a comma.
中文： 转折副词「however」（然而）常用于句首，用来引出与前文相反或转折的观点，后面通常加上逗号。
He studied very hard; however, he did not pass the exam.
他非常努力读书；然而，他并没有通过考试。
EN： The adverbs 'not always' create a partial negation (not 100% of the time), meaning something happens sometimes, but not in all cases.
中文： 「not always」表示「不总是、不一定」，属于部分否定（并非百分之百）。代表某件事有时会发生，但并非所有情况皆然。
The most expensive option is not always the best one.
最昂贵的选项不一定总是最好的。
EN： The conjunction phrase 'so that' is used to express purpose. It is typically followed by a clause containing a modal verb like 'can', 'could', 'may', or 'might'.
中文： 连词短语「so that」（以便于／为了…）用来表示目的。其后引导的目的状语从句中，通常搭配「can」、「could」、「may」或「might」等情态动词。
He saved money so that he could buy a new computer.
他存钱以便能够买一台新电脑。
EN： An embedded question acts as a noun clause (functioning as a direct object here) beginning with a question word like 'how'. Unlike direct questions, it uses normal statement word order (Subject + Verb).
中文： 间接疑问句（嵌入式疑问句）作为名词性从句使用（在此处充当宾语），由疑问词「how」引导。与直接疑问句不同，间接疑问句须采用陈述句的语序（主语 + 谓语）。
I don't know how the machine works.
我不知道这台机器是如何运作的。
EN： The simple past tense is used to describe an action or state that was completed at a specific time in the past.
中文： 简单过去式（Simple Past Tense）用于描述在过去特定时间点已经完成的动作或状态。
The initial survey showed promising trends for the new product.
初步调查显示出这项新产品有相当好前景的趋势。
EN： Participles can function as adjectives. Present participles (-ing) describe the effect something causes (active/cause), while past participles (-ed) describe how someone feels (passive/receiving).
中文： 分词可作形容词使用。现在分词（-ing）用来形容某事事物「令人感到……的」（主动/引起），而过去分词（-ed）则用来形容人「感到……的」（被动/接收）。
The scientists announced a surprising discovery yesterday.
科学家们昨天宣布了一项令人惊讶的发现。
EN： A relative clause (or adjective clause) starting with 'who' is used to modify the noun 'Participants', specifying which group of participants is being referred to.
中文： 使用关系代词 'who' 引导的定语从句（形容词从句）来修饰名词 'Participants'（受试者），用以限定或说明是哪一群受试者。
Students who practice daily will improve quickly.
每天练习的学生进步会很快。
EN： The structure 'rate [something] as [adjective/noun phrase]' is used to express an opinion or judgment about the quality or status of something.
中文： 结构 'rate [something] as [形容词/名词短语]' 用来表达对某事物的品质、程度或状态的评估与看法。
Critics rated the new movie as highly entertaining.
影评人将这部新电影评为非常具有娱乐性。
EN： The idiom 'at the same time' is used as a sentence adverbial to introduce a contrasting or simultaneous fact, meaning 'meanwhile' or 'nevertheless'.
中文： 短语「at the same time」在此用作句首副词，用来引出同时发生或具有转折对比性质的事实，意为「同时」或「然而」。
She wanted to save money; at the same time, she wished to travel the world.
她想存钱；但同时，她也希望能环游世界。
EN： The structure 'give + [indirect object] + [direct object]' is a ditransitive verb pattern. Here, 'ratings' is the direct object and 'to stories' is a prepositional phrase acting as the indirect receiver.
中文： 授与动词「give」的用法，此处采用「give + 直接宾语 (ratings) + to + 间接宾语 (stories)」的结构，表示给予某对象某种评价。
The judge gave high scores to the young pianist.
评委给予这位年轻的钢琴家高分。
EN： The clause 'that people have a positive bias...' acts as a noun clause (subordinate clause) serving as the direct object of the verb 'suggests'. The conjunction 'that' introduces the statement being suggested.
中文： 「that people have a positive bias...」为名词性从句（从属从句），在句中作为动词「suggests」的直接宾语。连接词「that」用来引导所暗示或显示的具体事实内容。
Research suggests that regular exercise improves mental health.
研究显示定期运动能改善心理健康。
EN： The preposition 'toward' (or 'towards') is commonly used with the noun 'bias' to indicate the direction or object of one's preference or prejudice.
中文： 介词「toward」（或 towards）常与名词「bias」（偏见、偏好）连用，用来指出该偏见或偏好的对象或方向（译为「对……的偏见/偏好」）。
Many consumers have a strong bias toward local products.
许多消费者对本地产品有很强的偏好。
EN： The concept of 'human premium' or positive bias toward human creativity is a major focus in AI ethics and media studies today. Even when automated content matches or surpasses human quality, audiences often attribute higher sentimental or artistic value to human-made art simply because of its origin.
中文： 「人類溢價」或「對人類創造力的正面偏見」是當前 AI 倫理與媒體研究的重要議題。即使生成式內容在品質上與人類作品相當甚至超越人類，大眾往往仍會僅因為「出自人類之手」而賦予作品更高的情感價值與藝術評價。
EN： Apposition: A noun phrase placed next to another noun phrase to rename or describe it. Here, 'a senior author of the research from Villanova University' gives extra information about 'Doctor Deena Skolnick Weisberg'.
中文： 同位语（Apposition）：将一个名词短语放在另一个名词短语旁边，用以补充说明或重新定义该名词。在此句中，『维拉诺瓦大学该研究的资深作者』是用来补充说明『蒂娜·斯考尼克·魏斯伯格博士』。
Professor Smith, a leading expert in climate change, will give a speech tomorrow.
气候变迁领域的顶尖专家史密斯教授明天将发表演讲。
EN： Past Simple Tense for Reporting Research: The simple past tense (e.g., 'explained') is commonly used in news and academic contexts to report completed actions or statements made by researchers.
中文： 过去简单式用于报道研究（Past Simple Tense）：在新闻或学术报道中，常用过去简单式（如 'explained'）来描述研究人员已完成的动作或发表的言论。
The scientist presented the results of the study at the international conference.
那位科学家在国际会议上发表了研究结果。
EN： Reported speech using 'said that' followed by a noun clause that functions as the direct object of the main verb.
中文： 间接引语结构：使用「said that」（说…）接名词性从句，作为主要动词 said 的直接宾语，用来转述他人的话语。
He said that the conference would start on time.
他说会议将会准时开始。
EN： The comparison structure 'as... as' combined with 'at least' (at least as [adjective] as) indicates that something is equal to or greater than something else in degree.
中文： 同级比较结构「as + 形容词 + as」（与…一样），加上「at least」（至少），组合为「at least as... as」，表示「至少与…一样…」。
This new model is at least as efficient as the previous version.
这个新机型至少与上一个版本一样高效。
EN： The reported speech structure with 'added that' is used to introduce additional information that someone previously said, using a noun clause (that-clause) as the direct object of the verb 'add'.
中文： 使用「added that」的名词性从句结构，用来引述某人补充说过的话。that 所引导的从句作为主要动词「add」的直接宾语。
He added that the event would be postponed until next week.
他补充说，该活动将延期至下周。
EN： The prepositional phrase 'of what AI is able to do' uses the free relative pronoun 'what' (meaning 'the things that') as the object of the preposition 'of'. Inside this clause, 'be able to' indicates capability.
中文： 介词短语「of what AI is able to do」中，复合关系代词「what」（意为『…的事物』）作为介词「of」的宾语。从句内部的「be able to」则用来表示能力。
She was surprised by what he was able to achieve.
她对他所能达到的成就感到惊讶。
EN： The verb 'note' takes a 'that'-clause as a direct object to report a fact, statement, or observation. The word 'that' introduces a subordinate clause containing a complete subject and predicate.
中文： 动词「note（指出）」后接由「that」引导的名词性从句作为直接宾语，用来补充说明所指出的具体内容或事实。「that」在口语中常可省略。
The teacher noted that all students passed the final exam.
老师指出所有学生都通过了期末考试。
EN： The phrase 'mean (that)...' is used to state a result, implication, or logical conclusion derived from a statement or situation.
中文： 「mean (that)...（意味着…）」常用来说明某个情况或事实所带来的逻辑推论、隐含意义或结果。
Higher prices do not always mean better quality.
价格较高并不总是意味着品质更好。
EN： Emphatic pronouns (myself, yourself, herself, etc.) are used to place special emphasis on a noun or pronoun. When 'herself' is placed directly after 'she', it emphasizes that the subject personally performs or embodies the action/description.
中文： 强调反身代词（如 myself, yourself, herself 等）用来特别强调名词或代词。当 'herself' 直接放在 'she' 后面时，是用来强调主语「本人／亲自」具备该身份或执行该动作。
The director herself attended the premiere of the film.
导演本人亲自出席了这部电影的首映会。
EN： Comparative adjectives with 'than' implied or omitted, followed by a causal clause starting with 'because'. The comparative form 'easier' indicates a higher degree of readability compared to human writing.
中文： 比较级形容词用法（在此省略了 than...），后接以 'because' 引导的原因状语从句。比较级 'easier' 表示相较于人类写作，AI 写作具有更高的可读性。
This book is easier to understand because it includes visual diagrams.
这本书更容易理解，因为它包含了视觉图表。
EN： Past participial phrases ('written by AI', 'created by people') are used as reduced relative clauses (short for 'which are written by AI') to post-modify nouns.
中文： 过去分词短语（如 written by AI、created by people）常作为后置定语，用来修饰前面的名词。这属于定语从句的简化（省略了 which are）。
Books written by famous authors usually sell well.
由知名作家撰写的书籍通常卖得很好。
EN： The pronoun 'those' is used to avoid repeating the plural noun 'novels'. The structure 'be different from [noun/pronoun]' is used to show contrast.
中文： 代词「those」在此用来代替前述的复数名词「novels」，以避免重复。搭配短语「be different from...」表示「与……不同」。
The rules in this game are different from those in the previous one.
这款游戏的规则与上一款游戏的规则不同。
EN： The verb 'suggest' is followed by a 'that' clause expressing a proposal or advice. In formal English, this clause often uses the subjunctive mood (base verb) or a modal verb like 'may' or 'should'.
中文： 动词「suggest」（建议）后接 that 从句时，用以表达提议或建议。在正式英语中，从句通常使用虚拟语气（原形动词）或搭配情态动词（如 may 或 should）。
The doctor suggested that he take a few days off to rest.
医生建议他休息几天。
EN： The idiom 'make room for' means to clear space or accommodate someone or something alongside existing elements.
中文： 短语「make room for」意思是「为……腾出空间」或「接纳/容纳……」，指在现有条件下为新事物保留位置。
We need to make room for new ideas in our company strategy.
我们需要为公司的策略注入新想法腾出空间。
重要单词附有 IPA 发音、定义、例句和互动式测验。
在本文中： 偏好、更喜欢
在本文中： 产生的、生成的
在本文中： 主题
在本文中： 参与者、受试者
在本文中： 标签、标注
在本文中： 引人入胜的、吸引人的
在本文中： 偏见、偏好
在本文中： 创作、产出
在本文中： 被淘汰的、过时的
片语包含类型标示、双语定义、用法说明和例句。
Computer systems able to perform tasks that normally require human intelligence.
人工智能（AI）
A preference or inclination for or against a particular thing, person, or group.
对……有偏好或偏见
To clear a space for someone or something; to accommodate.
为……腾出空间；接纳