EN： The present perfect tense ('have developed') is formed with 'have/has + past participle'. In news contexts, it is commonly used to report recent events or achievements that have relevance to the present.
中文： 现在完成式（have developed）由“have/has + 过去分词”构成。在新闻报道中，常指近期发生且对现今仍具影响力的事件或成就。
Scientists have discovered a new species of frog in the rainforest.
科学家在热带雨林中发现了一种新的青蛙物种。
EN： The relative clause 'that can predict cancer survival from one photograph' uses the relative pronoun 'that' as the subject to modify the antecedent noun phrase 'an AI tool'.
中文： 关系子句“that can predict cancer survival from one photograph”由关系代词“that”引导并在子句中作主语，用来修饰前面的先行词名词短语“an AI tool”（AI工具）。
She designed a mobile app that tracks daily water intake.
她设计了一款能追踪每日饮水量的手机应用程序。
EN： In modern journalism, 'AI tool' is widely used instead of technical phrases like 'machine learning model' to make scientific advancements accessible to general readers. Additionally, 'the United States' is frequently used as a formal geographic qualifier in medical news reporting.
中文： 在现代新闻报道中，常使用「AI tool」（AI 工具）而非更艰深专业的「机器学习模型（machine learning model）」，以便大众快速理解科技进展。此外，在医疗突破新闻中，明确标注「美国」（the United States）等国家背景是标准的新闻惯例。
EN： Passive Voice in Past Simple (was/were + past participle): Used when the focus is on the recipient of the action ('The system') rather than the doer, or when attributing the creation of something using 'by + agent'.
中文： 过去简单式的被动语态（was/were + 过去分词）：当焦点放在承受动作的对象（「The system」），或是透过「by + 动作执行者」来表达由谁建立或发明时使用。
The software was designed by a team of university students.
这套软件是由一群大学生团队所设计的。
EN： Appositive (Noun Phrase in Apposition): A noun phrase placed next to another noun to rename or describe it. Here, 'a nonprofit healthcare system in Massachusetts' explains what 'Mass General Brigham' is.
中文： 同位语（名词短语同位语）：置于另一个名词旁边，用来进一步解释或补充说明该名词。在此句中，「a nonprofit healthcare system in Massachusetts」补充说明「Mass General Brigham」是什么样的机构。
Tokyo, the capital of Japan, is one of the most populous cities in the world.
东京，日本的首都，是世界上人口最稠密的城市之一。
EN： Mass General Brigham (formerly Partners HealthCare) is a renowned Boston-based integrated healthcare network affiliated with Harvard Medical School. In American news writing, such well-known organizations are often immediately followed by an appositive clause (e.g., 'a nonprofit healthcare system...') to provide essential context for national or international readers who may not recognize the institutional name.
中文： 麻省总医院布莱根医疗系统（前身为 Partners HealthCare）是位于波士顿、隶属于哈佛医学院的著名医疗体系。在美式新闻报道中，提到具体机构名称时，经常会在后面紧跟一个同位语（如“a nonprofit healthcare system...”），以便向可能不熟悉该名称的全国或国际读者快速提供背景信息。
EN： The passive structure 'be trained on' is commonly used in artificial intelligence and machine learning contexts to describe the dataset or material used to develop an AI model.
中文： “be trained on + 数据集”是被动语态结构，在人工智能与机器学习领域非常常见，用来表示某个 AI 模型是“以……资料进行训练”。
The speech recognition software was trained on thousands of hours of audio recordings.
这款语音识别软件是以数千小时的录音档进行训练的。
EN： Stacked prepositional phrases ('of faces', 'from people', 'of many ages and ethnicities') function as successive post-modifiers narrowing down the noun 'photographs'.
中文： 多重介词短语堆叠（'of faces'、'from people'、'of many ages and ethnicities'）作为后位修饰语，一层层修饰前面的核心名词 'photographs'，界定其具体特征与来源。
She received a letter of recommendation from a professor of computer science.
她收到了一封来自计算机科学系教授的推荐信。
EN： In modern AI research, particularly in medicine, emphasizing diverse training data ('many ages and ethnicities') is crucial. Historical medical AI models often faced bias when trained predominantly on homogeneous populations (such as Caucasian individuals), leading to poorer accuracy for minorities.
中文： 在当代人工智能研究（尤其是医疗领域）中，强调训练数据的多样性（「不同年龄与族裔」）非常关键。过去的医疗 AI 常因主要采用单一族群（如白人）的资料训练而产生偏误，导致对少数族群的诊断或预测准确度大幅降低。
EN： Non-defining relative clauses with 'which' can refer back to an entire preceding clause or concept rather than just the immediate noun, adding explanatory comments.
中文： 非限定关系从句以「which」开头，可代指前面所提及的整件事或概念，用于补充说明或进一步解释其意义（「这代表……」）。
The test measures heart rate variability, which indicates overall cardiovascular fitness.
该测验测量心率变异性，这显示了整体的体能和心血管健康状况。
EN： The prepositional phrase 'rather than' is used to express a preference or contrast, meaning 'instead of' or 'as opposed to'.
中文： 短语「rather than」表示对比或排除，意为「而不是……」或「非……」，用来对比两个平行结构或名词概念。
They decided to focus on prevention rather than cure.
他们决定专注于预防而不是治疗。
EN： In medicine and gerontology, 'biological age' refers to the physiological state of a person's cells and tissues, contrasting with 'chronological age' (the number of years lived, referred to colloquially here as 'real age').
中文： 在医学与老年学中，「biological age（生理年龄）」是指人体组织与细胞的衰老程度，常与「chronological age（历法年龄，即文中所俗称的 real age 实际年龄）」形成对比。
EN： The sentence begins with a present participle phrase ('Using this estimate') functioning as an adverbial modifier of manner or means, explaining how the main action is accomplished. The logical subject of the participle must match the subject of the main clause ('the system').
中文： 句子开头使用现在分词短语（'Using this estimate'）作为副词修饰语，表示手段或方式，说明主句动作是如何达成的。分词的逻辑主语必须与主句主语（'the system'）一致。
Using new data, researchers can track weather patterns more accurately.
利用新数据，研究人员能够更精确地追踪天气模式。
EN： The phrase 'the chances of survival for patients with cancer' demonstrates stacked prepositional phrases: 'of survival' modifies 'chances' (explaining what kind of chances), and 'for patients with cancer' specifies who those chances apply to.
中文： 短语 'the chances of survival for patients with cancer' 展示了层叠介词短语的修饰用法：'of survival' 修饰 'chances'（说明是什么机率），而 'for patients with cancer' 则指明该机率所适用的对象。
Doctors evaluated the risk of infection for people with diabetes.
医生评估了糖尿病患者的感染风险。
EN： The correlative structure 'one ..., and the other ...' is used to contrast two specific items or entities out of a group of two.
中文： 「one ..., and the other ...」结构用于对比已知两个特定事物中的「一个……另一个……」，具有明确的对照关系。
One sister loves classical music, and the other prefers jazz.
两姐妹中一个热爱古典音乐，另一个则偏好爵士乐。
EN： Prepositional phrases indicating means or source: 'through' denotes the intermediate mechanism or medium, while 'from' indicates the starting point or direct data source.
中文： 表示方式或来源的介词用法：「through」表示通过某种机制或媒介，而「from」则表示获取信息的起点或直接数据来源。
He learned English through songs, while she learned it from books.
他通过歌曲学习英语，而她则是从书本中学习。
EN： In scientific reporting, AI systems or models are often personified or referenced concisely as 'one ... and the other' to compare two distinct computational approaches without repeating cumbersome technical jargon.
中文： 在科技与医学英文报道中，常将不同的 AI 模型或算法简称为「one ... the other」，以简洁清楚地对比两种技术路径，避免反复出现繁复的专业术语。
EN： The sentence uses the simple past passive voice ('were published'). Passive voice is formed with 'be' + past participle, shifting the focus to the action or the object receiving the action (details of the research) rather than the agent who published them.
中文： 本句使用过去简单式的被动语态（were published）。被动语态由「be 动词 + 过去分词」构成，将焦点放在动作或承受动作的对象（研究的细节）上，而不是发表的人。
The results of the experiment were published in a scientific journal.
该实验的结果发表在一本科学期刊上。
EN： The prepositional phrase 'of the research' functions as an adjectival modifier modifying the plural noun 'Details'. Because the head noun 'Details' is plural, the plural verb 'were' is used (subject-verb agreement).
中文： 介词短语「of the research」作为形容词修饰语，修饰复数名词「Details」。由于核心主语「Details」为复数，因此动词必须使用复数形的「were」（主语与动词一致性）。
Details of the accident were reported on the news.
这起事故的细节已在新闻中报道。
EN： The Lancet is one of the world's oldest and most prestigious peer-reviewed medical journals, founded in 1823. 'Lancet Digital Health' is an open-access monthly specialty journal within the Lancet family focusing on digital technologies in healthcare.
中文： 《刺胳针》（The Lancet）创立于 1823 年，是世界上历史最悠久、最具声望的同行评审医学期刊之一。《刺胳针数字健康》（Lancet Digital Health）是其旗下专注于医疗数字技术的开放获取（Open Access）专业子期刊。
EN： The verb 'suggest' is followed here by a 'that'-clause functioning as a noun clause (object of 'suggests'). It reports a finding or hypothesis rather than a command.
中文： 动词「suggest」在此处后接由「that」引导的名词子句，作为「suggests」的宾语，用来陈述研究的发现或推论（表示「显示、指出」），而非命令语气。
Recent data suggests that regular exercise improves mental health.
近期的数据显示，规律运动能改善心理健康。
EN： The verb 'help' can be followed by an object and a bare infinitive (infinitive without 'to'), i.e., 'help + someone + (do) something'. Here, two bare infinitives ('check' and 'guide') are coordinated by 'and'.
中文： 动词「help」后面可接宾语再接原形不定词（省略 to 的不定词），结构为「help + 人 + (do) 原形动词」。在此句中，两个原形动词「check」与「guide」通过对等连接词「and」并列。
This app helps users track their expenses and save money.
这款应用程序协助用户记录开销并省钱。
EN： The casual term 'selfie' (a self-portrait photograph taken with a smartphone) has become accepted in formal medical and tech reporting to highlight how ubiquitous, accessible consumer technology can intersect with high-level healthcare.
中文： 「selfie」（自拍照）这个源于日常社交媒体口语词汇，在此处被应用于正式的医学与科技新闻报道中，凸显出随手可得的大众消费科技（智能手机）如何能与高端专业医疗照护产生突破性的结合。
重要单词附有 IPA 发音、定义、例句和互动式测验。
在本文中： 預測、預料
在本文中： 存活、生存
在本文中： 非營利的
在本文中： 種族、族群
在本文中： 估計、估算
在本文中： 生物學的、生理的
在本文中： 病人、患者
在本文中： 期刊、學術雜誌
在本文中： 指導、引導
片语包含类型标示、双语定义、用法说明和例句。
A measure of how old a person seems based on their physical health and condition, rather than their calendar age.
生理年龄、生物学年龄
The likelihood or probability of staying alive, especially when facing a serious illness or danger.
存活率、生存机会
To use a specific set of data to teach a machine learning or artificial intelligence system.
使用（特定资料）进行模型训练
The organization of people, institutions, and resources that deliver healthcare services to meet the health needs of target populations.
医疗保健系统、医疗体系