EN： Adjective + that-clause (omitted 'that'): The structure 'I'm glad (that)...' is used to express the reason for an emotion. In spoken English, the conjunction 'that' is frequently omitted.
中文： 形容词 + 从句（省略 'that'）：'I'm glad (that)...' 结构用于表达产生某种情绪的原因。在口语英语中，连词 'that' 经常被省略。
I'm happy you liked the gift I bought for you.
我很开心你喜欢我买给你的礼物。
EN： Bare Infinitive after 'come': In informal English, the word 'and' or 'to' is often omitted between 'come' and another verb (e.g., 'come visit' instead of 'come to visit').
中文： come 后接动词原形：在非正式英语中，'come' 与另一个动词之间的 'and' 或 'to' 常被省略（例如用 'come visit' 代替 'come to visit'）。
Can you come help me with these boxes?
你能来帮我搬这些箱子吗？
EN： In Western culture, expressing gratitude or positive emotions ('I'm glad...') when a friend visits is a standard way to build rapport and show hospitality.
中文： 在西方文化中，當朋友來訪時，表達感激或正向情緒（如 'I'm glad...'）是建立良好關係並展現熱情好客的標準方式。
EN： Present Perfect Continuous Tense (have/has + been + V-ing): This tense is used to describe an action that started in the past and is still continuing in the present, emphasizing the duration.
中文： 现在完成进行时 (have/has + been + V-ing)：此时态用于描述从过去开始并持续到现在的动作，强调动作的持续性。
I have been waiting for the bus for thirty minutes.
我已经等公交车等了三十分钟了。
EN： Phrasal Verb 'Look forward to': This expression means to feel excited about something that is going to happen. Note that 'to' is a preposition here, so it must be followed by a noun or a gerund (V-ing).
中文： 短语 'Look forward to' (期待)：这个表达方式意指对即将发生的事情感到兴奋。请注意这里的 'to' 是介词，因此后面必须接名词或动名词 (V-ing)。
We are looking forward to meeting you next week.
我们很期待下周与你见面。
EN： In English-speaking cultures, expressing enthusiasm when meeting friends or planning activities is common. Using 'I've been looking forward to...' shows that you value the relationship and the time spent together.
中文： 在英語系國家中，與朋友見面或規劃活動時表達熱情是很常見的。使用「I've been looking forward to...」能展現出你很重視這段關係以及共同相處的時光。
EN： The phrase 'The thing is' is a common discourse marker used to introduce a problem, an explanation, or the most important point in a conversation.
中文： 短语 'The thing is' 是一个常见的话语标记（discourse marker），用于引出问题、解释或对话中的重点，相当于中文的“问题是……”或“重点是……”。
The thing is, we don't have enough money to buy a new car right now.
问题是，我们现在没有足够的钱买新车。
EN： The phrasal verb 'figure out' means to understand or solve something after thinking about it. Here it is used in the Present Perfect tense ('have not figured out') to describe an action that hasn't been completed up to the present.
中文： 短语动词 'figure out' 意为经过思考后“搞清楚”或“解决”某事。此处使用现在完成时（have not figured out）来描述直到目前为止尚未完成的动作。
I can't figure out how to open this bottle.
我搞不清楚要怎么打开这个瓶子。
EN： Gerund as Subject: The word 'Getting' is a gerund (verb + -ing acting as a noun). It functions as the subject of the second sentence, representing the action of becoming lost.
中文： 动名词作主语：单词 'Getting' 是一个动名词（动词 + -ing 作名词使用）。它在第二句中作主语，代表“迷路”这个行为。
Learning a new language opens up many opportunities.
学习一门新语言会带来很多机会。
EN： Adverbial Clause of Time: The conjunction 'when' introduces a subordinate clause that provides information about the timing of the main action ('is half the fun').
中文： 时间状语从句：连词 'when' 引导一个从属从句，提供关于主句动作（“是乐趣的一半”）发生时机的的信息。
I always feel excited when I travel to a foreign country.
当我去国外旅游时，我总是感到很兴奋。
EN： The phrase 'half the fun' is a common English idiom used to suggest that the challenges or unexpected parts of an experience are just as enjoyable as the goal itself.
中文： 短語 'half the fun' 是一個常見的英文習語，用來表示某個經驗中的挑戰或意外部分，與目標本身一樣有趣。
EN： The modal verb 'should' is used here to ask for a suggestion or recommendation. It is followed by the base form of the verb 'go'.
中文： 情态动词 'should' 在此用于征询建议或推荐，其后接动词原形 'go'。
What should we eat for dinner tonight?
我们今晚晚餐该吃什么？
EN： The phrase 'there is' (contracted as there's) is used to introduce the existence of something new in the conversation, in this case, a landmark.
中文： 句型 'there is'（缩写为 there's）用于引入对话中新出现的事物，在此指“地标”的存在。
There's a small cafe around the corner.
转角处有一家小咖啡馆。
EN： In English-speaking cultures, starting a suggestion with 'I heard...' is a polite way to offer an idea without sounding too demanding or bossy.
中文： 在英語文化中，用 'I heard...' (我聽說...) 來開啟建議是一種禮貌的方式，可以提出想法而不會顯得過於強勢或專斷。
EN： The sentence uses a Past Participle Phrase ('built in the eighteenth century') as an adjective to modify the noun 'bridge'. This is a reduced relative clause, shortened from 'which was built...'.
中文： 本句使用过去分词短语“built in the eighteenth century”作形容词修饰名词“bridge”。这是一个简化的定语从句，由“which was built...”缩减而来。
The book written by that famous author is a bestseller.
那名知名作家所写的书非常畅销。
EN： The preposition 'on' is used when referring to digital platforms or surfaces like websites, blogs, or social media.
中文： 当提到网站、博客或社交媒体等数字平台或界面时，介词使用“on”。
I found some great recipes on a food blog.
我在一个美食博客上找到了一些很棒的食谱。
EN： In many European and older cities, landmarks are often categorized by the century they were built. Referring to the 'eighteenth century' (1701-1800) evokes a sense of historical significance and architectural style.
中文： 在許多歐洲或歷史悠久的城市中，地標通常按其建造世紀進行分類。提到「十八世紀」（1701-1800年）會讓人聯想到特定的歷史意義與建築風格。
EN： Indirect Questions: When a question is embedded within another sentence (e.g., 'Do you know...'), the word order changes from 'verb-subject' to 'subject-verb'. Here, 'how far the distance is' follows the statement order.
中文： 间接疑问句：当一个疑问句嵌入另一个句子中时（例如：Do you know...），语序会从“动词-主语”变为“主语-动词”。在此句中，'how far the distance is' 遵循了陈述句的语序。
Can you tell me where the station is?
你能告诉我车站站在哪里吗？
EN： Linking Verbs: 'Sound' is a linking verb used to describe a perception. It is followed by an adjective (amazing) rather than an adverb to describe the subject.
中文： 连系动词：'Sound' 是一个连系动词，用于描述某种感知。后面接形容词 (amazing) 而非副词，用来修饰主语。
That idea sounds perfect for the party.
那个主意听起来对派对来说很完美。
EN： Using 'Do you have any idea...?' or 'Do you know...?' is a common way to soften a question in English, making it sound more polite and less demanding than a direct question like 'How far is it?'.
中文： 在英語中，使用「Do you have any idea...?」或「Do you know...?」是弱化語氣的常用方式，這會讓詢問顯得更有禮貌，而不像直接問「How far is it?」那樣生硬。
EN： The causative verb 'let' is followed by an object and a bare infinitive (verb without 'to'). It is used to express permission or a suggestion to perform an action.
中文： 使役动词 'let' 后接宾语和不带 to 的不定式（原形动词）。它用于表达许可或提议执行某个动作。
Let me help you with those heavy bags.
让我帮你提那些重包吧。
EN： The phrase 'It looks like' is used to make a guess or state an impression based on evidence. It is often followed by a full clause (subject + verb).
中文： 短语 'It looks like' 用于根据依据进行猜测或陈述印象。它通常后面跟着一个完整的从句（主语 + 动词）。
It looks like it's going to rain soon.
看起来快要下雨了。
EN： In many English-speaking countries, distances are often given in kilometers or miles depending on the region (e.g., miles in the US/UK, kilometers in Canada/Australia). Using 'about' is common to show that the distance is an estimate from a digital map.
中文： 在許多英語國家，距離通常根據地區使用公里或英里（例如美國/英國使用英里，加拿大/澳洲使用公里）。使用 'about'（大約）很常見，表示這是來自電子地圖的估計值。
EN： The prepositional phrase 'According to' is used to indicate the source of information or a rule being followed.
中文： 介词短语“According to”用于表示信息的来源或遵循的规则（根据……）。
According to the weather forecast, it will rain tomorrow.
根据天气预报，明天会下雨。
EN： The modal verb 'should' is used here to express a recommendation or a logical expectation based on instructions.
中文： 情态动词“should”在此处用于表达建议，或是基于指示所产生的逻辑预期（应该）。
You should check your emails regularly.
你应该定期检查你的电子邮件。
EN： In many English-speaking cultures, giving directions involves a mix of landmarks and estimated time (e.g., 'ten minutes') rather than just precise distances, as time is often more practical for pedestrians.
中文： 在許多英語系國家，給予指引時通常會結合地標與估計時間（例如「十分鐘」），而不僅僅是精確距離，因為對行人來說，時間通常更具參考價值。
EN： The use of 'with' as a preposition of cause or circumstance. It introduces the reason or the specific condition that makes the streets confusing.
中文： 使用 'with' 作为表示原因或情况的介词。它引出了导致街道混乱的原因或具体条件。
The room was very bright with all the windows open.
窗户全部打开，房间里非常明亮。
EN： The phrase 'a bit' functions as an adverbial modifier of degree, used to soften the adjective 'confusing'. It is common in spoken English to sound less direct.
中文： 短语 'a bit' 用作程度状语修饰语，用来缓和形容词 'confusing' 的语气。在英语口语中常用使表达不那么直接。
This task is a bit difficult for a beginner.
这项任务对初学者来说有点困难。
EN： In older European or Asian cities, 'side alleys' often refer to narrow, historical passages that aren't always marked clearly on maps, which is why they can be 'confusing' for visitors.
中文： 在古老的歐洲或亞洲城市中，「side alleys」（小巷）通常指狹窄且具歷史感的通道，地圖上不一定標示得很清楚，這也是為什麼遊客會覺得「混亂」的原因。
EN： The phrase 'After passing' uses a gerund (verb + -ing) following a preposition. This is a common way to shorten a clause when the subject of both actions is the same (we pass, we turn).
中文： 介词 'After' 后接动名词 (V-ing) 结构。当前后从句的主语相同时（我们经过、我们转弯），可以使用此结构来简化句子。
After finishing the report, she went home.
完成报告后，她就回家了。
EN： The modal verb 'need to' expresses necessity or requirement. It is followed by the base form of the verb 'turn'.
中文： 情态动词 'need to' 表达必要性或需求。其后接动词原形 'turn'。
You need to wear a helmet while riding a bike.
骑自行车时你需要戴头盔。
EN： In many English-speaking countries, giving directions often involves using landmarks (like a park or a specific building) rather than just street names, as it's more visual and easier for the listener to follow.
中文： 在許多英語系國家，指引方向時常會使用顯著地標（如公園或特定建築物）而不僅僅是路名，因為這對聽者來說更具視覺感且更容易跟隨。
EN： The modal verb 'should' is used here to ask for a suggestion or to discuss the best course of action. It is followed by the base form of the verb 'walk'.
中文： 情态动词 'should' 在此用于征询建议或讨论最佳行动方案。其后接动词原形 'walk'。
Should we order pizza for dinner tonight?
我们今晚晚餐应该点披萨吗？
EN： The structure 'would you prefer to [verb]' is a polite way to ask about someone's preferences between two or more options.
中文： 'would you prefer to [动词]' 句型是用礼貌地询问对方在两个或多个选项中的偏好。
Would you prefer to sit by the window or the aisle?
你比较想坐在靠窗还是靠走道的座位？
EN： In many Western cities, 'walking the whole way' is often seen as a pleasant way to explore, especially in historic districts. Using 'would you prefer' is a common way to show politeness and consideration for your companion's comfort.
中文： 在許多西方城市，「全程走路」常被視為一種愉快的探索方式，特別是在歷史區。使用 'would you prefer' 是一種常見的禮貌表達，顯示出對同伴舒適度的體貼。
EN： The phrase 'would rather' is used to express a preference for one action over another. It is followed by the base form of the verb (infinitive without 'to').
中文： “would rather”用于表达对某种行为的偏好，后接动词原形（不带 to 的不定式）。
I'd rather stay home than go out in the rain.
比起冒雨出门，我更想待在家里的。
EN： The prepositional phrase 'on foot' is a fixed expression meaning to walk rather than use a vehicle.
中文： 介词短语“on foot”是一个固定搭配，意指“步行”而非乘坐交通工具。
We decided to explore the old town on foot.
我们决定步行探索这座老城。
EN： In many Western cities, especially historic ones, 'exploring on foot' is highly valued as it allows for a slower pace and the discovery of 'hidden gems' that cars or buses might miss. This reflects a cultural appreciation for 'slow travel'.
中文： 在許多西方城市（尤其是歷史悠久的城市），「徒步探索」被視為一種極佳的旅遊方式，因為這能讓人放慢步調，發現開車或搭公車會錯過的「私房景點」。這反映了文化中對「慢遊」的推崇。
EN： Past Perfect Tense (had + past participle): Used to describe an action that was completed before another action or a specific point in the past. In this sentence, the speaker's lack of thought occurred before the moment the friend mentioned the idea.
中文： 过去完成时 (had + 过去分词)：用于描述在过去某个动作或时间点之前就已经完成（或未发生）的动作。在此句中，说话者“没想过”的状态发生在朋友“提议”之前。
I had already finished my dinner before he arrived.
在他到达之前，我已经吃完晚餐了。
EN： The phrase 'that way' functions as an adverbial of manner, meaning 'in that specific manner' or 'from that perspective'. It is commonly used in conversation to refer back to a previously mentioned idea.
中文： 短语 'that way' 用作方式状语，意指“以那种方式”或“从那个角度”。在对话中常用指代前文提到的观点或想法。
I never looked at the problem that way.
我从未以那种角度看待过这个问题。
EN： In English-speaking cultures, acknowledging that someone has given you a new perspective ('I hadn't thought about it that way') is considered a polite and active way to show you are listening and value their input.
中文： 在英語系國家中，承認對方給了你一個新的觀點（I hadn't thought about it that way）被視為一種禮貌且積極的溝通方式，顯示你正在認真傾聽並重視對方的意見。
EN： The verb 'says' is commonly used with inanimate objects like signs, books, or screens to indicate the information displayed or written on them.
中文： 动词 'says' 常与无生命物体（如标志、书本或屏幕）连用，用来表示其上显示或记载的信息，译为“上面写着”。
The label says this shirt is made of 100% cotton.
标签上写着这件衬衫是百分之百纯棉的。
EN： The phrase 'from here' acts as an adverbial of place, indicating the starting point of a distance measurement.
中文： 短语 'from here' 用作地点状语，用来表示距离测量的起点，译为“从这里”或“离这里”。
The airport is about thirty minutes from here by taxi.
打车到机场离这里大约三十分钟。
EN： In many English-speaking countries, distance is often given in meters or kilometers (metric system), but in the United States, people would more likely use 'yards' or 'miles'.
中文： 在許多英語國家，距離通常以公尺或公里（公制）表示，但在美國，人們更傾向於使用「碼」或「英哩」。
EN： The phrase 'after all' is used to emphasize that something is true despite what was previously thought or expected. It often appears at the end of a sentence.
中文： 短语 'after all'（终究、毕竟）用于强调某事是真的，尽管之前可能有过怀疑或不同的预期。通常放在句末。
I thought it would rain, but it's a sunny day after all.
我以为会下雨，但结果终究是个晴天。
EN： The adverb 'already' is used to indicate that something has happened sooner than expected. In this sentence, it modifies the present continuous verb 'making progress'.
中文： 副词 'already'（已经）用于表示某事比预期更早发生。在此句中，它修饰现在进行时动词 'making progress'。
They have already finished their homework.
他们已经完成作业了。
EN： The comparative structure 'even more + adjective + than' is used to emphasize a difference between two things, where 'even' acts as an intensifier for the comparative form.
中文： 比较级结构“even more + 形容词 + than”用于强调两者之间的差异，其中“even”（甚至）用作比较级的加强语修饰词。
This new smartphone is even more expensive than the previous model.
这款新手机甚至比之前的型号还要贵。
EN： The Past Perfect tense (had + past participle) is used here to describe an action (seeing the photos) that was completed before another point in the past (seeing the bridge in person).
中文： 过去完成时（had + 过去分词）在此用于描述在过去某个时间点（亲眼看到桥）之前已经完成的动作（看过照片）。
I realized that I had seen that man somewhere before.
我意识到我以前在某个地方见过那个男人。
EN： In English-speaking cultures, expressing enthusiasm with phrases like 'Oh wow' and using intensifiers like 'even more' is common when sightseeing to show appreciation to your host or travel companion.
中文： 在英語系國家，觀光時使用「Oh wow」等感嘆詞以及「even more」等加強語氣詞是非常常見的，這能向東道主或旅伴表現出你的興奮與對景點的欣賞。
EN： The use of 'instead of' followed by a gerund (V-ing) is a common way to express a choice made over an alternative. It functions as a prepositional phrase.
中文： 使用 'instead of' 后接动名词 (V-ing) 是表达舍弃某个选项而选择另一个选项的常用方式。它在句中用作介词短语。
I chose to study at home instead of going to the library.
我选择在家看书而不是去图书馆。
EN： The auxiliary verb 'does' in 'It really does' is used as a substitute for the main verb phrase from the previous sentence ('looks impressive') to avoid repetition.
中文： 在 'It really does' 中的助动词 'does' 被用来替代前一句的主动词短语（looks impressive），以避免重复。
He says he likes pizza, and he really does.
他说他喜欢披萨，而他确实喜欢。
EN： In many Western cities, especially historic ones, walking is often considered the best way to 'soak in' the atmosphere. The phrase 'I'm glad we...' is a common way to reinforce a shared positive experience between friends.
中文： 在許多西方城市（尤其是歷史悠久的城市），走路通常被認為是「沉浸式」體驗氛圍的最佳方式。短語 'I'm glad we...' 是加強朋友之間共同正面體驗的常用表達方式。
EN： Perfect Participle Phrase: 'Having + past participle' is used to indicate that the action in the participle phrase was completed before the action in the main clause. It emphasizes the sequence of events or provides a reason for the main clause.
中文： 完成分词短语：使用“Having + 过去分词”结构，用来表示分词短语中的动作在主句动作之前已经完成。这强调了事件的先后顺序，或为主句提供背景原因。
Having finished her homework, she went out to play.
完成作业后，她出去玩了。
EN： Noun Clause as Object: The word 'that' introduces a noun clause ('walking always reveals the best surprises') which functions as the direct object of the verb 'tell'.
中文： 名词性从句作宾语：单词“that”引导一个名词性从句（walking always reveals the best surprises），该从句在句中作动词“tell”的直接宾语。
I can tell you that the movie starts at eight.
我可以告诉你电影在八点开始。
EN： The phrase reflects a common Western travel philosophy that values 'slow travel' and spontaneous discovery over rigid itineraries. Walking is often seen as the most authentic way to experience the local atmosphere of European or historic cities.
中文： 這句話反映了一種常見的西方旅遊哲學，即比起死板的行程，更重視「慢遊」與自發性的發現。在歐洲或歷史悠久的城市中，步行通常被認為是體驗當地氛圍最道地的方式。
EN： The phrase 'Let's' is a contraction of 'let us,' used to make a suggestion or proposal for a joint action. It is followed by the base form of the verb.
中文： “Let's”是“let us”的缩写，用于提出共同行动的建议或提议。其后接动词原形。
Let's try that new Italian restaurant tonight.
我们今晚去试试那家新的意大利餐厅吧。
EN： The 'to-infinitive' (to + verb) is used here as an adjective phrase to modify the noun 'landmark,' indicating the purpose or intended action related to that noun.
中文： “动词不定式”（to + 动词）在此用作形容词短语，用来修饰名词“landmark”（地标），表示与该名词相关的目的或预定行动。
I need a quiet place to study for my exams.
我需要一个安静的地方来准备考试。
EN： In English-speaking cultures, 'I completely agree' is a common way to build rapport and show enthusiasm during a conversation. Using 'Let's' is a friendly, egalitarian way to suggest plans, making the other person feel included in the decision-making process.
中文： 在英語系國家中，「I completely agree」是建立良好關係並在對話中展現熱情的常用方式。使用「Let's」是一種友善且平等的建議方式，能讓對方感到自己也參與了決策過程。
重要单词附有 IPA 发音、定义、例句和互动式测验。
在本文中： 城市的布局、规划或设计方式
在本文中： 地标，指容易辨识的建筑物或地理特征
在本文中： 第十八的（指十八世纪）
在本文中： 十字路口，道路交汇处
在本文中： 令人困惑的，难以理解的
在本文中： 小巷，巷弄
在本文中： 准确的，精确无误的
在本文中： 令人印象深刻的，壮观的
在本文中： 展现，揭示（隐藏的事物）
在本文中： 隐藏的，不为人知的
片语包含类型标示、双语定义、用法说明和例句。
To feel pleased and excited about something that is going to happen.
期待，盼望
To understand or solve something after thinking about it.
弄清楚，想出办法
By walking rather than using a vehicle.
步行，走路
Despite what was expected or thought before.
终究，毕竟，到底还是
To lose one's way.
迷路
The spatial arrangement and organization of streets, buildings, and public spaces in an urban area.
城市布局
Secondary or minor narrow streets that branch off from a main thoroughfare.
侧巷 / 小巷