EN： The Present Perfect Tense (has/have + past participle) is used here to describe a past action ('has decided') that has a strong relevance or result in the present moment.
中文： 现在完成时（has/have + 过去分词）在此处用于描述一个过去发生的动作（「已决定」），该动作与现在时刻有着密切的关联或影响。
The government has decided to implement new tax laws.
政府已决定实施新的税法。
EN： The phrase 'keep [something] on hold' is a common business and financial idiom meaning to delay, postpone, or maintain something in its current state without making changes.
中文： 短语「keep [something] on hold」是常见的商业与财经短语，意思是延后、暂缓或将某事维持在现有状态而不作变动（在此指维持利率不变）。
They decided to keep the project on hold until next year.
他们决定将该专案暂缓至明年。
EN： The 'Bank of England' is the central bank of the United Kingdom, responsible for setting monetary policy, including interest rates, to ensure economic stability. Decisions on interest rates directly affect borrowing costs, mortgages, and inflation in the UK.
中文： 「英格蘭銀行」是英國的中央銀行，負責制定貨幣政策（包括利率），以確保經濟穩定。利率決策會直接影響英國的借貸成本、房貸利率以及通貨膨脹率。
EN： The phrase 'in favour of' is a prepositional phrase meaning 'in support of' or 'to the benefit of'. It is followed by a noun or a gerund (verb-ing) to indicate the action or decision being supported.
中文： 介词短语「in favour of」表示「赞成」、「支持」或「有利于」。其后须接名词或动名词（V-ing），用以表示所支持的行动或决定。
The majority of the board members voted in favour of implementing the new policy.
大多数董事会成员投票赞成实施新政策。
EN： The verb 'leave' can be used in the pattern 'leave + object + adjective' to mean 'to cause or allow someone or something to remain in a specified state'. Here, 'rates' is the object and 'unchanged' is the adjective.
中文： 动词「leave」可用于「leave + 宾语 + 形容词」的句型，表示「使某人或某事物保持在特定状态」。在此处，「rates」（利率）是宾语，「unchanged」（不变的）是形容词作宾语补足语。
Please leave the door open so the fresh air can circulate.
请把门开着，好让新鲜空气流通。
EN： The 'monetary policy committee' (MPC) refers specifically to the committee of the Bank of England responsible for making decisions about the official interest rates in the United Kingdom. The voting ratio (seven to two) highlights that while there was a strong consensus, the decision was not unanimous, reflecting differing economic outlooks among policymakers.
中文： 「貨幣政策委員會」（MPC）特指英格蘭銀行負責制定英國官方利率決策的委員會。投票比例（七比二）顯示出雖然委員會內部有很強的共識，但並非一致通過，這反映了決策者之間對經濟前景的不同看法。
EN： The 'it is + adjective + to-infinitive' structure uses 'it' as a dummy subject (or preparatory subject) to represent the real subject, which is the infinitive clause ('to raise rates') placed at the end of the clause for better sentence balance.
中文： 「it is + 形容词 + 不定式」结构使用「it」作为形式主语（或称先行主语），用以代表真正的主语，即置于句尾以使句子结构平衡的不定式短语（在此为「to raise rates」）。
It is important to save money for the future.
为未来存钱是很重要的。
EN： The prepositional phrase 'because of' is used to introduce a reason. Unlike the conjunction 'because', which must be followed by a full clause (subject + verb), 'because of' must be followed by a noun, pronoun, or noun phrase.
中文： 介词短语「because of」用于引导原因。与后面必须接完整从句（主语 + 动词）的连词「because」不同，「because of」后面必须接名词、代词或名词短语。
The flight was delayed because of the heavy rain.
因为暴雨，航班延误了。
EN： Present Perfect Tense (has + past participle) is used here to describe an action that happened in the recent past and has a direct relevance or effect on the present situation.
中文： 现在完成时（has + 过去分词）在此处用于描述在最近过去发生、且对现在状况有直接关联或影响的动作。
The company has launched its new product this week.
该公司已在本周推出了新产品。
EN： The preposition 'for' is used to indicate the target or object of the noun 'forecast', specifying what the forecast is about (inflation).
中文： 介词「for」在此处用于指出名词「forecast（预测）」的目标或对象，明确说明该预测是针对什么（通货膨胀）。
The weather forecast for tomorrow predicts heavy rain.
明天的天气预报预测会有大雨。
EN： The 'Bank' in this context refers to the Bank of England, which is the central bank of the United Kingdom. It is responsible for setting monetary policy, including interest rates, to control inflation and maintain economic stability.
中文： 此處的「Bank」指的是「英格蘭銀行」，即英國的中央銀行。它負責制定貨幣政策（包括利率），以控制通貨膨脹並維持經濟穩定。
EN： The structure 'predict + that-clause' is used to report a forecast or expectation about the future. Since the prediction was made in the past ('predicted'), the future-in-the-past auxiliary verb 'would' is used in the noun clause instead of 'will'.
中文： 「predict + that 从句」结构用于报告对未来的预测或期望。由于预测是在过去做出的（使用过去式 predicted），因此名词从句中必须使用过去将来时助动词「would」，而非「will」。
The report predicted that the economy would recover next year.
该报告预测经济将在明年复苏。
EN： The prepositional phrase 'by the end of...' is used to indicate a deadline or a point in time before which an action will be completed or a state will be reached.
中文： 介词短语「by the end of...」（在……结束之前）用于表示截止日期或某个时间点，在该时间点之前某个动作将会完成或达到某种状态。
We need to submit the project by the end of the month.
我们需要在本月底前提交该项目。
EN： Comparative Adjectives: The structure 'adjective + -er + than' is used to compare two things. In this sentence, 'lower than' compares the current forecast with the previous one.
中文： 比较级形容词：结构「形容词 + -er + than」用于比较两个事物。在本句中，「lower than」（低于）将当前的预测与之前的预测进行比较。
This smartphone is faster than the old one.
这款智能手机比旧的那款更快。
EN： Relative Clause with Passive Voice: 'that was made in April' is a defining relative clause modifying the pronoun 'one'. It uses the passive voice ('was made') to show that the action was performed on the forecast, not by it.
中文： 关系从句与被动语态：「that was made in April」是一个限定性关系从句，用来修饰代词「one」。它使用被动语态（was made）来表示该动作是施加在预测上，而不是由预测本身发出。
The decision that was announced yesterday surprised everyone.
昨天宣布的决定让每个人都感到惊讶。
EN： In financial and economic contexts, forecasts are regularly updated (often quarterly or monthly) by central banks like the Bank of England. Comparing current forecasts to previous ones (such as those from 'April') is a standard way to analyze economic trends and policy shifts.
中文： 在財經與經濟背景下，像英格蘭銀行這樣的中央銀行會定期（通常是每季或每月）更新預測。將當前的預測與先前的預測（例如「四月」的預測）進行比較，是分析經濟趨勢和政策轉變的標準方法。
EN： Apposition (同位語): A noun phrase placed next to another noun to identify or explain it. Here, 'the governor of the Bank of England' is an appositive phrase explaining who 'Andrew Bailey' is.
中文： 同位语：紧跟在另一个名词后面的名词短语，用于解释或说明该名词。在此句中，「the governor of the Bank of England」（英格兰银行行长）是同位语短语，用来解释「Andrew Bailey」（安德鲁·贝利）的身份。
Mr. Smith, the principal of our school, will give a speech tomorrow.
我们学校的校长史密斯先生明天将发表谈话。
EN： Noun Clause as Object (名詞子句作賓語/受詞): The conjunction 'that' introduces a noun clause ('that consumers should expect...') which functions as the direct object of the reporting verb 'warned'.
中文： 名词从句作宾语：连词「that」引导一个名词从句（「that consumers should expect...」），在句中作为谓语动词「warned」（警告）的直接宾语。
She warned that the road would be very slippery after the rain.
她警告说雨后路面会非常湿滑。
EN： The 'Bank of England' is the central bank of the United Kingdom, often referred to as 'the Old Lady of Threadneedle Street'. The 'governor' is the highest-ranking official in the bank, responsible for monetary policy and economic stability. Andrew Bailey has served in this role since March 2020.
中文： 「英格蘭銀行」（Bank of England）是英國的中央銀行，常被暱稱為「針線街的老婦人」（the Old Lady of Threadneedle Street）。其「總裁」（governor）是該行的最高首長，負責貨幣政策與經濟穩定。安德魯·貝利（Andrew Bailey）自2020年3月起擔任此職。
EN： Indirect Speech (Reported Speech): When reporting what someone said in the past, we often use a reporting verb like 'said' followed by a 'that' clause (where 'that' can be omitted). The tense of the verbs inside the reported clause often shifts backward (backshifting), though present perfect ('has created') can sometimes be used to emphasize the ongoing relevance of the situation to the present.
中文： 间接引语（转述语气）：当转述某人过去所说的话时，我们通常会使用像 'said' 这样的转述动词，后接一个由 'that' 引导的从句（'that' 可省略）。转述从句中的动词时态通常会往过去推移（时态回推），但有时也可以使用现在完成时（'has created'）来强调该状况对现在的持续影响。
She said the new policy has improved working conditions.
她说新政策改善了工作条件。
EN： Present Perfect Tense: Used here ('has created') to describe an action that started in the past and has a strong connection or impact on the present situation.
中文： 现在完成时：此处使用 'has created' 来描述一个始于过去、且对目前局势有着强烈关联或影响的动作。
The heavy rain has caused traffic delays across the city.
暴雨已导致全市交通延误。
EN： The mention of the 'Middle East' in relation to 'energy prices' reflects the region's historical and ongoing geopolitical significance as a major global producer of oil and natural gas. In financial and central banking contexts, conflicts in this region are closely monitored because they can lead to supply disruptions, causing global energy prices and inflation to spike.
中文： 提及「中東」與「能源價格」的關係，反映了該地區作為全球主要石油和天然氣產地，在歷史及當前地緣政治上的重要地位。在金融與中央銀行的脈絡中，該地區的衝突受到密切關注，因為衝突可能導致供應中斷，進而引發全球能源價格與通貨膨脹飆升。
EN： The phrase 'in the pipeline' is an idiom used as an adjective or adverb meaning 'in progress', 'under development', or 'about to happen in the near future'. It is commonly used in business and economic contexts.
中文： 短语「in the pipeline」是一个惯用语，用作形容词或副词，意思是「在进行中」、「在酝酿中」或「即将发生」。这在商业和经济背景中非常常用。
Several new projects are in the pipeline for next year.
明年有几个新项目正在酝酿中。
EN： The conjunction 'even though' is used to introduce a concession clause, expressing a fact that makes the main statement surprising. It is followed by a subject and a verb, and is stronger than 'although'.
中文： 连词「even though」（虽然、尽管）用于引导让步从句，表示一个使主句显得令人惊讶的事实。其后接主语和动词，语气比「although」更强。
Even though she was tired, she finished her homework.
尽管她很累，她还是完成了作业。
EN： The phrase 'in the pipeline' originally comes from the oil and gas industry, referring to products physically traveling through a pipeline. Over time, it became a widely used business and economic idiom to describe goods, projects, or economic effects (like inflation) that are planned or developing and will arrive in the future.
中文： 「in the pipeline」這個片語最初源於石油和天然氣工業，指產品實際在管道中輸送。隨著時間推移，它成為商業和經濟領域廣泛使用的慣用語，用來描述正在規劃、醞釀中，且在未來即將到來的商品、項目或經濟效應（如通貨膨脹）。
EN： Passive Voice (was announced): Used when the action itself is more important than who performed it, or when the agent is unknown. It is formed with the verb 'to be' (was) + past participle (announced).
中文： 被动语态 (was announced)：当动作本身比执行者更重要，或者执行者未知时使用。其结构为「be 动词 (was) + 过去分词 (announced)」。
The results were published on the official website.
结果已公布在官方网站上。
EN： The prepositional phrase 'on the same day as': Used to show that two events happened at the exact same time. 'As' introduces the second event or reference point.
中文： 介词短语「on the same day as」（在与……同一天）：用于表示两个事件在完全相同的时间发生。「as」后面接第二个事件或参考点。
She started her new job on the same day as her birthday.
她在她生日的同一天开始了她的新工作。
EN： In the UK, major economic announcements, such as interest rate decisions by the Bank of England and employment data from the Office for National Statistics (ONS), are highly anticipated events that can significantly impact financial markets. When these events coincide on the same day, it often leads to intense analysis by economists and media regarding the health of the British economy.
中文： 在英國，重大經濟數據的公佈（例如英格蘭銀行的利率決議以及國家統計局發佈的就業數據）都是備受矚目的事件，會對金融市場產生重大影響。當這些事件在同一天重合時，通常會引發經濟學家和媒體對英國經濟健康狀況的密集分析。
EN： The past simple tense of the irregular verb 'fall' is 'fell'. It is used here to describe a completed action in the past.
中文： 不规则动词「fall」（下降）的过去式为「fell」。在此处用于描述过去已完成的动作或状态。
The temperature fell rapidly after sunset.
日落后气温迅速下降。
EN： The present participle phrase 'leading up to' acts as an adjective modifying 'the three months'. It means 'occurring before' or 'resulting in' a specific time.
中文： 现在分词短语「leading up to」（直至、在...之前）在此作为形容词修饰「the three months」（这三个月），表示在特定时间点之前的一段时间。
She was very busy in the weeks leading up to the exam.
在考试前的几个星期里，她非常忙碌。
EN： In the United Kingdom, employment and unemployment statistics are typically published monthly by the Office for National Statistics (ONS). They often report figures based on a rolling three-month average (e.g., 'the three months leading up to April') rather than a single month, to provide a more stable and accurate picture of the labor market trends.
中文： 在英國，就業與失業統計數據通常由國家統計局（ONS）按月發布。他們經常報告基於滾動三個月平均值（例如「截至四月的三個月」）的數據，而非單一月份，以提供更穩定且準確的勞動力市場趨勢畫面。
EN： The conjunction 'as' is used here to mean 'because' or 'at the same time that', showing a causal or temporal relationship between the reduction in recruitment and the drop in job vacancies.
中文： 连词「as」在此处表示「因为」或「与此同时」，用于表示企业减少招聘与职位空缺数量下降之间的因果或时间关联。
As the demand for electric cars grew, the company increased its production.
随着对电动汽车的需求增长，该公司增加了产量。
EN： The phrase 'its lowest level in five years' uses the superlative adjective 'lowest' to compare the current level with all levels over the past five years.
中文： 短语「its lowest level in five years」（五年来的最低点）使用最高级形容词「lowest」来将目前的水平与过去五年内的所有水平进行比较。
The temperature dropped to its lowest level in ten years.
气温降至十年来的最低点。
EN： The verb 'expect' is often followed by a noun clause starting with 'that' (which can be omitted in informal contexts) to express a belief or prediction about a future event.
中文： 动词「expect」（预计/期待）后面经常接由「that」引导的名词从句（在非正式语境中「that」可省略），用来表达对未来事件的看法或预测。
The economists expect that the inflation rate will drop next month.
经济学家预计下个月通货膨胀率将会下降。
EN： The linking verb 'remain' is used to describe a state that continues to exist without changing. It is commonly followed by an adjective (like 'unchanged') to describe the subject.
中文： 系动词「remain」（保持/依然）用于描述某种持续存在且未曾改变的状态。其后通常接形容词（如「unchanged」）来修饰主语。
The shops will remain closed during the public holiday.
这些商店在公众假期期间将保持关闭。
EN： Deutsche Bank is a major German multinational investment bank and financial services company. In financial news, major global banks like Deutsche Bank frequently publish forecasts and economic analyses regarding the monetary policies of other countries, such as the United Kingdom's interest rates set by the Bank of England.
中文： 德意志銀行（Deutsche Bank）是一家總部位於德國的大型跨國投資銀行與金融服務公司。在財經新聞中，像德意志銀行這樣的全球主要銀行經常會針對其他國家的貨幣政策（例如英格蘭銀行對英國利率的調整）發表預測與經濟分析報告。
EN： Apposition (Appositive noun phrase): A noun phrase placed next to another noun to identify or explain it. Here, 'Sanjay Raja' is in apposition to 'Their chief economist for the United Kingdom', identifying who the economist is.
中文： 同位语（同位名词短语）：将一个名词短语放在另一个名词旁边，用以解释或说明其身份。在此处，「桑杰·拉贾」是「他们负责英国的首席经济学家」的同位语，用来指出这位经济学家是谁。
My English teacher, Mr. Smith, loves reading novels.
我的英文老师史密斯先生喜欢读小说。
EN： Indirect Speech (Reported Speech): When reporting what someone said using a past tense reporting verb like 'said', the tenses in the reported clause typically shift backward (backshift). Here, 'there are' becomes 'there were'.
中文： 间接引语（转述语气）：当使用过去式动词（如 'said'）来转述某人所说的话时，被转述从句中的时态通常需要往过去推移。在此处，「there are」（有）变成了过去式「there were」。
She said there was a meeting the next day.
她说隔天有一场会议。
EN： Reduced Relative Clauses (Past Participle): The phrase 'caused by...' is a reduced relative clause modifying 'the economic uncertainty'. It is shortened from 'which was caused by...'. This structure is commonly used in written English to make sentences more concise.
中文： 简化关系从句（过去分词）：短语「caused by...」（由……所引起）是一个简化关系从句，用来修饰「the economic uncertainty」（经济不确定性）。它是由「which was caused by...」简化而来。这种结构在英文书面语中非常常见，能使句子更为精简。
The damage caused by the storm was expensive to repair.
由暴风雨造成的损害修复费用非常昂贵。
EN： Preposition + Gerund: The preposition 'to' in 'approach to' is followed by a gerund ('setting') rather than an infinitive verb. In this context, 'to' functions as a preposition meaning 'towards' or 'regarding', so it must be followed by a noun or a verb ending in -ing.
中文： 介词 + 动名词：在「approach to」中的介词「to」后面接的是动名词（setting），而非不定式动词。在此情境中，「to」作为介词，表示「对于……」或「关于……」的方法，因此后面必须接名词或 -ing 结尾的动词。
Her approach to solving problems is very systematic.
她解决问题的方法非常系统化。
EN： The 'Bank of England' (often referred to as the 'BoE' or 'The Old Lady of Threadneedle Street') is the central bank of the United Kingdom. Its Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) is responsible for setting the UK's official interest rate, which has a significant impact on the global economy, particularly in relation to inflation and currency values.
中文： 「英格蘭銀行」（通常簡稱為「BoE」或被稱為「針線街的老婦人」）是英國的中央銀行。其貨幣政策委員會（MPC）負責制定英國的官方利率，這對全球經濟有著重大影響，特別是在通貨膨脹和貨幣價值方面。
重要单词附有 IPA 发音、定义、例句和互动式测验。
在本文中： 不确定性，指未来局势不明朗或无法预测的状态
在本文中： 预测，（尤指对经济、天气等的）预报
在本文中： 通货膨胀，物价持续上涨的经济现象
在本文中： （此处指中央银行的）行长、总裁
在本文中： 冲突，（尤指武装）冲突、战争
在本文中： 压力，此处指促使物价上涨的推动力
在本文中： 职位空缺，工作空缺
在本文中： 招聘，招募新员工的过程
片语包含类型标示、双语定义、用法说明和例句。
The percentage of amount charged by a lender to a borrower for the use of assets.
利率
Delayed, suspended, or kept in an unchanged state temporarily.
暂不改变、搁置、延期
The actions of a central bank or other regulatory committee that determine the size and rate of growth of the money supply.
货币政策
In progress, being planned, or about to happen in the near future.
在酝酿中、在管道中、即将发生