EN： The passive voice (be + past participle) is used when the focus is on the action or the object receiving the action, rather than the person performing it. In this sentence, 'is made' emphasizes the creation of the vase.
中文： 被动语态（be 动词 + 过去分词）用于当焦点在于动作本身或接受动作的客体，而非执行动作的人。在本句中，「is made」（被制作）强调了花瓶的创作过程。
This book was written by a famous author.
这本书是由一位著名作家写的。
EN： The prepositional phrase 'by hand' is an idiom meaning 'using the hands, rather than a machine'. It functions as an adverbial modifier of manner.
中文： 介词短语「by hand」是一个习惯用语，意思是「用手工，而非机器」。它在此处作为修饰动作方式的状语。
The letters were all written by hand.
这些信件全部都是用手工写的。
EN： In English-speaking cultures, emphasizing that something is 'made by hand' often implies high quality, uniqueness, and artisanal value, contrasting with mass-produced factory goods.
中文： 在英語系國家中，強調某物是「made by hand」（手工製作）通常意味著高品質、獨特性與工匠價值，這與工廠大量生產的商品形成對比。
EN： The passive voice in the past tense is formed using 'was/were' + past participle (V3). It is used when the action itself or the receiver of the action is more important than the doer. In this sentence, 'was woven' is the past passive form of 'weave'.
中文： 一般过去时的被动语态的结构为「was/were + 过去分词 (V3)」。当动作本身或动作的接受者比执行者更重要时，会使用此句型。在本句中，「was woven」是动词「weave」（编织）的过去被动形式。
The historic temple was built by local villagers in the 19th century.
这座历史悠久的寺庙是由当地村民在 19 世纪建造的。
EN： The preposition 'by' is used in passive sentences to introduce the agent (the person or thing that performs the action). Here, 'by skilled workers' indicates who did the weaving.
中文： 介词「by」在被动语态中用来引介动作的执行者（即发出动作的人或物）。在这里，「by skilled workers」指明了编织工作是由谁完成的。
This beautiful portrait was painted by a famous street artist.
这幅美丽的肖像画是由一位著名的街头艺术家所画的。
EN： Silk weaving is a traditional craft with thousands of years of history, particularly in Asian cultures. Describing it with passive voice ('was woven by skilled workers') emphasizes the craftsmanship and historical value of the textile, portraying it as a work of art rather than just a commercial product.
中文： 絲綢編織是一項擁有數千年歷史的傳統手工藝，在亞洲文化中尤為重要。使用被動語態（was woven by skilled workers）來描述，強調了這項紡織品的工藝技術與歷史價值，將其視為一種藝術品，而非僅僅是商品。
EN： The Present Simple Passive Voice (am/is/are + past participle) is used to focus on the action or the receiver of the action rather than the doer. In this sentence, 'are painted' shows that the action of painting is done to 'these bowls'.
中文： 一般现在时的被动语态（am/is/are + 过去分词）用于强调动作本身或动作的接受者，而非执行者。在本句中，「are painted」表示彩绘这个动作是被施加在「these bowls」（这些碗）上。
These toys are made of wood.
这些玩具是用木头制成的。
EN： The preposition 'with' is used here to indicate the instrument, tool, or material used to perform an action. In this case, 'bright colors' are the medium used for painting.
中文： 介词「with」在此处用于表示用来执行动作的工具、仪器或材料。在这个句子中，「bright colors」（鲜艳的颜色）是彩绘所使用的媒介。
She wrote the letter with a blue pen.
她用一支蓝色的笔写了那封信。
EN： The Past Simple Passive Voice (was/were + past participle) is used to focus on the action or the object of the action rather than the person who performed it. In this sentence, 'The temple' is the receiver of the action 'built', and the agent (who built it) is unknown or unimportant.
中文： 一般过去时的被动语态（was/were + 过去分词）用于强调动作本身或动作的承受者，而非执行动作的人。在此句子中，「The temple」（寺庙）是动作「built」（建造）的承受者，而建造者是谁并不重要或未知。
The ancient castle was destroyed during the war.
这座古堡在战争期间被摧毁了。
EN： The phrase 'hundreds of years ago' is a time expression used to indicate an approximate, long period of time in the past. 'Hundreds of' means several hundred, and 'ago' is placed after the time duration to mean back in the past from now.
中文： 短语「hundreds of years ago」是用于表示过去某个大约且久远的时间点。「hundreds of」表示数百个，「ago」放在时间长度之后，表示从现在算起以前的时间。
This traditional dance was created hundreds of years ago.
这种传统舞蹈是数百年前创造的。
EN： Passive Voice with Modal Verbs: When using a modal verb (like 'can', 'must', 'should') in the passive voice, the structure is 'modal verb + be + past participle'. This is used to show that something is possible or necessary to be done to the subject.
中文： 情态动词的被动语态：当在被动语态中使用情态动词（如 'can'、'must'、'should'）时，结构为「情态动词 + be + 过去分词」。这用于表示某事对主语而言是可能或必须被进行的。
The homework must be finished by tomorrow.
功课必须在明天前完成。
EN： The preposition 'into' is used after verbs of change or transformation (like 'fold', 'turn', 'change') to indicate the resulting state, shape, or form.
中文： 介词 'into' 的转化用法：在表示改变或转化的动词（如 'fold' 折、'turn' 变成、'change' 改变）之后，使用 'into' 来表示转化后所呈现的状态、形状或外观。
Water turns into ice when it freezes.
水结冰时会变成冰。
EN： This sentence evokes the traditional art of origami (paper folding), which, while originating in East Asia, is widely appreciated globally as a creative craft that transforms a simple flat sheet of paper into complex 3D sculptures.
中文： 這句話讓人聯想到傳統的摺紙藝術（origami）。摺紙雖然起源於東亞，但如今在世界各地都被視為一種極具創意的工藝，能將一張簡單的平整紙張轉化為複雜的立體雕塑。
EN： The passive voice (be + past participle) is used when the focus is on the action or the receiver of the action, rather than the doer. Here, 'is held' (present simple passive) indicates a regular, repeated action.
中文： 被动语态（be 动词 + 过去分词）用于当焦点在于动作本身或动作的接受者，而非执行者时。在这里，「is held」（现在简单时被动语态）表示一个规律、重复发生的动作。
The meeting is held in the main conference room.
会议在主会议室举行。
EN： Adverbials of time and place: In English, expressions of time (every autumn) and place (in the village) are typically placed at the end of the sentence, with the place often preceding the time, though 'every autumn' here acts as a frequency adverbial that fits naturally before the location.
中文： 时间与地点状语：在英文中，时间（every autumn）和地点（in the village）的表达方式通常放在句尾。在此句中，频率时间状语与地点状语结合，语意流畅地置于句末。
We play soccer every Sunday in the park.
我们每个星期天都在公园踢足球。
EN： The Passive Voice (be + past participle) is used when the focus is on the action or the receiver of the action, rather than the doer. In this sentence, 'was dyed' indicates that the action of dyeing happened to the cloth in the past.
中文： 被动语态（be 动词 + 过去分词）用于当焦点在于动作本身或动作的接受者，而非执行者时。在本句中，「was dyed」（被染色）表示对布料施加的染色动作发生在过去。
The house was painted last week.
这栋房子是上周粉刷的。
EN： The present participle 'using' acts as a participle preposition meaning 'by means of' or 'with the help of', introducing the instrument or method used to perform the action.
中文： 现在分词「using」在此作为分词介词使用，意思是「使用」或「借由」，用来引出执行该动作所使用的工具或方法。
He solved the puzzle using a computer program.
他利用电脑程序解决了这个谜题。
EN： Natural dyeing is a traditional craft found in many cultures worldwide. Before the invention of synthetic dyes in the 19th century, all textiles were colored using organic materials derived from plants, minerals, and insects. Today, this eco-friendly method is experiencing a revival among artisans.
中文： 天然染色是全球許多文化中都能見到的傳統工藝。在19世紀合成染料發明之前，所有紡織品都是使用源自植物、礦物和昆蟲的有機材料來上色的。如今，這種環保的方法正在手工藝者之間復興。
EN： The Present Simple Passive Voice (am/is/are + past participle) is used to describe a regular action, a general truth, or a process where the doer of the action is obvious, unimportant, or unknown. In this sentence, 'is shaped' focuses on the action being done to the pottery.
中文： 现在简单式的被动语态（am/is/are + 过去分词）用于描述经常性的动作、普遍事实或某个制作过程，此时动作的执行者通常显而易见、不重要或未知。在本句中，「is shaped」（被塑形）强调了陶器所接受的动作。
The glass is blown by hand in this workshop.
这个工作坊里的玻璃是用手工吹制的。
EN： The preposition 'on' is used to indicate position on a surface or a machine that rotates or operates as a platform, such as 'a spinning wheel'.
中文： 介词「on」用于表示在某个表面上，或是指在旋转、作为平台操作的机器上，例如「spinning wheel」（拉坯机/旋转轮）。
The clay is placed on the table.
黏土被放置在桌子上。
EN： A 'spinning wheel' in pottery is commonly referred to as a 'potter's wheel'. It is an ancient invention that allowed potters to create symmetrical, round ceramic vessels. This traditional craft is highly valued worldwide as an art form that connects natural elements (clay, water, fire) with human skill.
中文： 製陶用的「spinning wheel」通常被稱為「potter's wheel」（陶輪/拉坯機）。這是一項古老的發明，讓陶藝師能夠製作出對稱、圓潤的陶瓷器皿。這項傳統工藝在全球被視為一種將自然元素（泥土、水、火）與人類技藝相結合的珍貴藝術形式。
EN： The passive voice (be + past participle) is used when the focus is on the action or the receiver of the action, rather than the doer. In this sentence, 'are carved' indicates that the masks receive the action of carving.
中文： 被动语态（be 动词 + 过去分词）用于当焦点在于动作本身或动作的接受者，而非执行者时。在本句中，「are carved」（被雕刻）表示面具是接受雕刻动作的客体。
The wooden toys are painted by local artists.
这些木制玩具是由当地艺术家彩绘的。
EN： The preposition 'from' is used to indicate the source material from which something is made, especially when the material has undergone a physical change but is still recognizable.
中文： 介词「from」在此用于表示制作某物的原料，特别是当该原料经过物理变化但仍能辨认其本质时。
This table is made from strong oak wood.
这张桌子是用坚固的橡木制成的。
EN： Woodcarving is a traditional craft in many cultures worldwide. Using 'soft wood' (such as pine, linden, or cedar) is a common practice because it is easier to carve intricate details by hand compared to hardwood.
中文： 木雕是全球許多文化中的傳統手工藝。使用「軟木」（如松木、椴木或雪松）是常見的作法，因為與硬木相比，軟木更容易用手工雕刻出複雜精細的細節。
EN： The passive voice (be + past participle) is used when the focus is on the action or the receiver of the action, rather than the doer. Here, 'was passed down' indicates that the recipe received the action of being handed down.
中文： 被动语态（be 动词 + 过去分词）用于当焦点在于动作本身或动作的接受者，而非执行者时。在这里，「was passed down」表示食谱接受了「代代相传」这个动作。
The traditional song was written by an unknown artist.
这首传统歌曲是由一位无名艺术家所写的。
EN： The phrasal verb 'pass down' means to give or teach something to people who are younger or who will live after you. It is often used with cultural traditions, recipes, or family heirlooms.
中文： 短语动词「pass down」意为将某物传给或教授给比自己年轻或后代的人。常用于文化传统、食谱或传家宝的传承。
These skills were passed down from father to son.
这些技能是由父亲传授给儿子的。
EN： In many cultures, family recipes are considered precious heirlooms, passed down orally or through handwritten notebooks from generation to generation, representing family history and identity.
中文： 在許多文化中，家族食譜被視為珍貴的傳家寶，透過口頭或手寫筆記代代相傳，代表著家族的歷史與認同感。
EN： The Passive Voice (be + past participle) is used when the focus is on the action or the receiver of the action, rather than the doer. In this sentence, 'is drawn' indicates that the pattern receives the action of drawing.
中文： 被动语态（be 动词 + 过去分词）用于当焦点在于动作本身或动作的接受者，而非执行者时。在本句中，「is drawn」（被绘制）表示图案是接受绘制动作的主体。
The picture was painted by a famous artist.
这幅画是由一位著名的艺术家绘制的。
EN： The prepositional phrase 'with + abstract noun' (e.g., 'with care') functions as an adverbial phrase, describing how an action is performed. 'With great care' means 'very carefully'.
中文： 介词短语「with + 抽象名词」（例如 with care）可用作副词短语，用来修饰动作进行的方式。「With great care」的意思就是「非常小心地、极其用心地上」。
She handled the fragile glass with care.
她非常小心地拿着那易碎的玻璃杯。
EN： Passive Voice in Present Simple Tense: Used to focus on the action or the receiver of the action rather than the doer. It is formed using 'am/is/are + past participle (V3)'. Here, 'are sung' is the passive form of the verb 'sing'.
中文： 一般现在时的被动语态：用于将焦点放在动作本身或动作的接受者，而非执行者。其结构为「am/is/are + 过去分词 (V3)」。在此句中，「are sung」是动词「sing」的被动形式。
These letters are written by hand.
这些信件是用手写的。
EN： Adverb Placement ('still'): The adverb 'still' is used to describe an action or situation that continues to happen. In sentences with auxiliary or 'be' verbs, 'still' is typically placed after the first auxiliary/be verb and before the main verb.
中文： 副词「still」（仍然）的位置：副词「still」用于描述持续发生的动作或情况。在含有助动词或 be 动词的句子中，「still」通常放在第一个助动词/be 动词之后，主动词之前。
The keys are still kept in the drawer.
钥匙仍然被放在抽屉里。
EN： In many cultures, including English-speaking ones, traditional or 'old' songs hold a significant place in weddings. They connect the couple to their heritage and community, symbolizing continuity and the preservation of cultural identity across generations.
中文： 在許多文化（包括英語系國家）中，傳統或「老」歌在婚禮上占有重要地位。這些歌曲將新人與他們的文化傳承及社群連結在一起，象徵著世代之間的延續與文化認同的保存。
EN： The Present Simple Passive Voice (am/is/are + past participle) is used to focus on the action or the receiver of the action rather than the doer. In this sentence, 'are made' emphasizes that the crafts undergo the action of making.
中文： 一般现在时的被动语态（am/is/are + 过去分词）用于强调动作本身或动作的接受者，而非执行者。在本句中，「are made」强调手工艺品是被制作的过程。
These glass bottles are recycled in this factory.
这些玻璃瓶是在这家工厂回收的。
EN： The prepositional phrase 'by hand' is an adverbial phrase of manner, indicating that something is done using manual labor rather than machines.
中文： 介词短语「by hand」是表示方式的状语短语，意为「手工地」，指出某事是通过人力而非机器完成的。
EN： The Present Simple Passive Voice (am/is/are + past participle) is used to describe actions where the focus is on the object receiving the action rather than the doer. It is commonly used to describe processes or general facts.
中文： 一般现在时的被动语态（am/is/are + 过去分词）用于描述动作，此时焦点在于接受动作的客体而非执行者。这常用于描述制作过程或客观事实。
These beautiful baskets are woven from bamboo.
这些美丽的篮子是用竹子编织而成的。
EN： Prepositional phrases of place ('In one village' and 'on a spinning wheel') are used to provide spatial context. 'In' is used for a general area or community, while 'on' is used for a specific surface or machine.
中文： 地点介词短语（「In one village」与「on a spinning wheel」）用于提供空间背景。「In」用于较广泛的区域或社区，而「on」则用于特定的表面或机器上。
On this table, the clay is kept moist.
在这张桌子上，陶土被保持湿润。
EN： A 'spinning wheel' in the context of pottery is commonly referred to as a 'potter's wheel' (拉坯機). Traditional pottery making is a highly respected craft in many cultures, often passed down through generations in specific artisan villages.
中文： 在陶藝語境中，「spinning wheel」通常指「potter's wheel」（陶工旋轉輪，或稱拉坯機）。在許多文化中，傳統陶藝製作是一項備受尊重的工藝，通常在特定的手工藝村莊中代代相傳。
EN： Passive Voice (be + past participle): Used when the action itself is more important than who performs it. In this sentence, 'is dug' and '[is] cleaned' are passive verbs describing what happens to 'the clay'.
中文： 被动语态（be 动词 + 过去分词）：当动作本身比动作的执行者更重要时使用。在本句中，「is dug」（被挖掘）和「[is] cleaned」（被清洗）是被动语态动词，用来描述「黏土」所经历的动作。
The letters are delivered every morning.
这些信件每天早上都会被递送。
EN： Ellipsis in Coordinate Clauses: When two passive verbs share the same subject ('the clay') and auxiliary verb ('is') connected by 'and', the second auxiliary verb 'is' can be omitted (ellipsed) to avoid repetition.
中文： 并列句中的省略：当两个被动语态动词由「and」连接，且共享相同的主语（the clay）与助动词（is）时，第二个助动词「is」可以省略，以避免重复（即 and [is] cleaned）。
The food was prepared and served by volunteers.
食物是由志愿者准备并端上桌的。
EN： The passive voice (be + past participle) is used when the focus is on the action or the object receiving the action, rather than who performs it. Here, 'is dried' shows that the pot undergoes the drying process.
中文： 被动语态（be 动词 + 过去分词）用于当焦点在于动作本身或接受动作的客体，而非执行动作的人。在这里，「is dried」（被晾晒）表示罐子经历了干燥的过程。
The letters are delivered every morning.
信件每天早上会被送达。
EN： The prepositional phrase 'for + [duration]' is used to express how long an action or state lasts. In this sentence, 'for days' means the drying process continues for several days.
中文： 介词短语「for + [时间长度]」用于表示某个动作或状态持续了多久。在本句中，「for days」表示干燥过程持续了数天之久。
They stayed in the village for weeks.
他们在村子里待了几个星期。
EN： The Present Simple Passive (am/is/are + past participle) is used to describe facts, general truths, or processes where the action is more important than who performs it. In this sentence, 'are mixed' shows that the mixing of colors is a general fact.
中文： 现在简单时的被动语态（am/is/are + 过去分词）用于描述事实、普遍真理或过程，此时动作本身比执行者更重要。在本句中，「are mixed」表示混合颜色的过程是一个普遍事实。
Paper is made from wood.
纸张是由木头制成的。
EN： The preposition 'from' is used here to indicate the source or origin of the materials (plants and minerals) used to create the colors.
中文： 介词「from」在此处用于表示制作颜色所使用原料（植物和矿物）的来源或起点。
Wine is made from grapes.
葡萄酒是由葡萄酿造的。
EN： Present Simple Passive Voice: Formed with 'am/is/are + past participle (V3)'. It is used when the focus is on the action or the receiver of the action, rather than the doer. Here, 'Patterns' (plural subject) is paired with 'are painted'.
中文： 现在简单时的被动语态：由「am/is/are + 过去分词 (V3)」构成。当焦点在于动作本身或动作的接受者，而非执行者时使用。在此处，复数主语「Patterns」与「are painted」搭配使用。
The letters are delivered every morning.
信件每天早上都会被递送。
EN： Adverbial Phrase of Frequency/Manner 'one ... at a time': This structure is used to describe doing things individually and sequentially rather than all at once. 'One careful line at a time' specifies the meticulous manner of the painting process.
中文： 频率/方式状语短语「one ... at a time」（一次一个...）：此结构用于描述逐一、按顺序做事，而非一次全部做好。这里的「one careful line at a time」具体说明了绘画过程中细致、耐心的动作方式。
Please enter the room one person at a time.
请一次一人进入房间。
EN： The passive voice (be + past participle) is used when the focus is on the action or the object receiving the action, rather than who performs it. Here, 'are baked' indicates that the pots undergo the baking process.
中文： 被动语态（be 动词 + 过去分词）用于当焦点在于动作本身或接受动作的对象，而非执行者。在这里，「are baked」表示陶罐经历了烘烤的过程。
The bread is baked fresh every morning.
面包每天早上都是新鲜烘烤的。
EN： The conjunction 'until' is used to show that an action or situation continues up to a specific time or event. In this sentence, it connects the main clause with an adverbial clause of time.
中文： 连词「until」（直到……为止）用于表示某个动作或状态持续到特定的时间或事件发生。在本句中，它连接了主句与时间状语从句。
Stir the mixture until it is smooth.
搅拌混合物，直到它变得顺滑为止。
EN： Passive Voice in Past Simple Tense: Formed with 'was/were' + past participle (V3). It is used to emphasize the action or the receiver of the action rather than the doer. In this sentence, 'were taught' indicates that the skills received the action of teaching in the past.
中文： 过去简单时的被动语态：由「was/were + 过去分词 (V3)」构成。用于强调动作本身或动作的接受者，而非执行者。在本句中，「were taught」表示这些工艺技术在过去接受了「传授」这一动作。
These beautiful songs were written by her grandfather.
这些优美的歌曲是由她的祖父创作的。
EN： The prepositional phrase 'by... to...': 'By' introduces the agent (the doer of the action in a passive sentence), while 'to' indicates the recipient of the action (the people who receive the teaching).
中文： 介词短语「by... to...」的用法：「by」引导出动作的执行者（被动句中的施动者），而「to」则指出动作的接受者（接受教导的人）。
The secret was passed by the chef to his apprentice.
这个秘密是由主厨传授给他的学徒的。
EN： In many traditional cultures, crafts and artisanal skills are not learned in formal schools but are passed down orally and through hands-on practice from generation to generation within families, preserving cultural heritage and family identity.
中文： 在許多傳統文化中，手工藝和匠人技術並非在正規學校中學習，而是在家庭內部通過口傳身授、手把手實踐的方式代代相傳，以此保護文化遺產和家族認同感。
EN： Present Perfect Passive Voice (have/has been + past participle) is used to describe an action that started in the past and continues to the present, emphasizing the receiver of the action rather than the doer.
中文： 现在完成时的被动语态（have/has been + 过去分词）用于描述一个从过去开始并持续到现在的动作，强调动作的承受者而非执行者。
These traditions have been kept alive by local families.
这些传统一直由当地的家庭保持着活力。
EN： The prepositional phrase 'for centuries' is used with the present perfect tense to indicate the duration of an action or state spanning hundreds of years up to the present.
中文： 介词短语「for centuries」（几个世纪以来）与现在完成时连用，表示某个动作或状态跨越数百年一直持续到现在的时间长度。
The castle has stood on the hill for centuries.
这座城堡已经在山丘上屹立了几个世纪。
EN： This sentence reflects the deep appreciation for traditional craftsmanship and cultural preservation. In many cultures, passing down handmade techniques through generations is a source of community pride and identity, contrasting with modern mass production.
中文： 這句話反映了對傳統手工藝和文化保存的深切讚賞。在許多文化中，世代相傳的手工技藝是社區自豪感和認同感的來源，這與現代的工業化量產形成了鮮明對比。
EN： The Present Simple Passive Voice (am/is/are + past participle) is used to focus on the action or the receiver of the action rather than the doer. In this sentence, 'the work' is the receiver of the action 'is shared'.
中文： 现在简单时的被动语态（am/is/are + 过去分词）用于将焦点放在动作本身或动作的接受者，而非执行者。在本句中，「the work」（这项工作）是动作「is shared」（被分享）的接受者。
The local traditions are taught to young children.
当地的传统被教授给年幼的孩子们。
EN： The prepositional phrase 'from far away' acts as an adjective modifying the noun 'visitors', indicating their place of origin.
中文： 介词短语「from far away」（来自远方）在此作为形容词使用，修饰名词「visitors」（访客），表示他们的来源地。
We received letters from far away.
我们收到了来自远方的信件。
EN： This sentence reflects a common modern trend in traditional craft villages worldwide, where local artisans open their workshops to global tourists. This cultural exchange helps sustain traditional arts financially and keeps heritage alive through education.
中文： 這句話反映了全球傳統工藝村落的一個現代常見趨勢：當地手工藝人向全球遊客開放他們的工作坊。這種文化交流不僅在經濟上支持了傳統藝術的延續，也透過教育讓文化遺產得以代代相傳。
EN： The Passive Voice (be + past participle) is used when the focus is on the action or the receiver of the action, rather than the doer. In this sentence, 'is loved' and 'is kept' are passive verbs.
中文： 被动语态（be 动词 + 过去分词）用于当焦点放在动作本身或动作的接受者，而非执行者时。在本句中，「is loved」（被喜爱）和「is kept」（被保存）皆为被动语态。
The old temple is visited by thousands of people every year.
这座古老的寺庙每年都有数千人造访。
EN： Adverbial clauses of time introduced by 'when' are used to show that one event triggers another. In this structure, the present simple tense is used in the 'when' clause to refer to a general truth or future condition.
中文： 由「when」（当……时）引导的时间状语从句，用于表示一个事件引发另一个事件。在此结构中，when 从句使用一般现在时来表示普遍真理或未来的条件。
When a language is spoken, it stays alive.
当一种语言被使用时，它就会保持活力。
EN： This sentence reflects a universal cultural value: the preservation of traditional crafts. In many cultures, traditional arts and crafts are not just hobbies but vital links to history and identity. Passing these skills to the next generation ensures that cultural heritage remains 'alive' rather than becoming extinct museum pieces.
中文： 這句話反映了一個普世的文化價值觀：傳統手工藝的傳承。在許多文化中，傳統手工藝不僅僅是業餘愛好，更是連接歷史與文化認同的重要紐帶。將這些技藝傳授給下一代，能確保文化遺產保持「活態」傳承，而不是僅僅成為博物館裡的陳列品。
EN： The passive voice (be + past participle) is used when the focus is on the action or the receiver of the action, rather than the doer. Here, 'are passed on' emphasizes that the traditions are being transmitted, while the agent (the people passing them on) is omitted because it is obvious or general.
中文： 被动语态（be 动词 + 过去分词）用于当焦点在于动作本身或动作的接受者，而非执行者时。在此处，「are passed on」（被传承）强调了传统正在被传递，而执行者（传承传统的人们）因显而易见或泛指大众而被省略。
These stories are told to children every night.
这些故事每天晚上都会被讲给孩子们听。
EN： The phrasal verb 'pass on' means to transmit or hand down something (like knowledge, traditions, or objects) to the next generation or to another person.
中文： 短语动词「pass on」意为将某物（如知识、传统或物品）传递或传承给下一代或另一个人。
The family recipe was passed on to her daughter.
这道家传食谱被传承给了她的女儿。
EN： In many cultures, traditional crafts and songs are not just hobbies but essential parts of cultural identity. The phrase 'passed on with pride' reflects the deep respect and emotional connection younger generations hold for their ancestors' heritage, ensuring these practices do not fade away in the modern world.
中文： 在許多文化中，傳統手工藝和歌謠不僅僅是業餘愛好，更是文化認同的核心部分。「with pride」（伴隨著自豪感）這個片語反映了年輕一代對祖先遺產的深切尊重與情感連結，確保這些傳統在現代世界中不會消逝。
EN： Present Simple Passive Voice in Questions: Used to ask about a process or how something is created. It is formed with 'How' + 'is/are' + subject + past participle (V3).
中文： 一般现在时的被动语态疑问句：用于询问某个制作过程或某物是如何被创造的。其结构为「How」+「is/are」+ 主语 + 过去分词 (V3)。
How is this bread made?
这个面包是怎么做的？
EN： Direct Address with Comma: When addressing someone directly by name at the end of a sentence, a comma must be placed before the name.
中文： 直接呼语与逗号的使用：在句子末尾直接称呼某人的名字时，名字前面必须加上逗号，以示停顿与区隔。
Where are you going, John?
你要去哪里，约翰？
EN： The passive voice (be + past participle) is used when the focus is on the action or the object receiving the action, rather than the person performing it. Here, 'is shaped' and 'is painted' (with 'is' omitted in the second part to avoid repetition) describe what happens to the bowl.
中文： 被动语态（be 动词 + 过去分词）用于当焦点在于动作本身或接受动作的客体，而非执行动作的人。在此处，「is shaped」（塑形）与「is painted」（绘制，后半句省略了重复的 is）描述了这只碗所经历的工序。
The wooden box is carved by an old artist.
这个木盒是由一位老艺术家雕刻而成的。
EN： Prepositional phrases of manner ('by hand' and 'with care') describe how an action is performed. 'By hand' means using manual labor instead of machines, and 'with care' means doing something attentively and gently.
中文： 表示方式的介词短语（如「by hand」与「with care」）用来描述动作是如何进行的。「By hand」表示用手工而非机器制作，「with care」则表示用心、细心地做某事。
She wrote the letter by hand with great care.
她非常用心地亲手写了这封信。
EN： The passive voice in the past tense is formed using 'was/were' followed by the past participle of the main verb. It is used when the focus is on the action or the receiver of the action (the silk) rather than the doer.
中文： 过去式被动语态的结构为「was/were + 过去分词 (p.p.)」。当说话者想将焦点放在承受动作的人或物（如本句中的丝绸），而非执行动作的主体时，会使用此句型。
The temple was built hundreds of years ago.
这座寺庙是数百年前建造的。
EN： The preposition 'by' is used in passive sentences to introduce the agent—the person or thing that performs the action.
中文： 介词「by」在被动语态中用来引介「动作的执行者」（即主动句中的主语）。
This beautiful vase was made by hand.
这个美丽的花瓶是用手工制作的。
EN： Silk weaving has a rich history in many cultures, often associated with high status and meticulous craftsmanship. Describing items as 'woven by skilled workers' highlights the value of traditional, non-industrialized labor.
中文： 在許多文化中，絲織業擁有悠久的歷史，通常與高貴地位和精湛工藝聯繫在一起。形容物品為「由技術嫻熟的工人們織成」，強調了傳統非工業化手工勞動的珍貴價值。
EN： The passive voice (be + past participle) is used when the focus is on the action or the object receiving the action, rather than the person performing it. Here, 'are carved' indicates that the masks receive the action of carving.
中文： 被动语态（be 动词 + 过去分词）用于当焦点在于动作本身或接受动作的对象，而非执行动作的人。在这里，「are carved」表示面具接受「雕刻」这一动作。
The wooden toys are painted by local artists.
这些木制玩具是由当地艺术家绘制的。
EN： The preposition 'from' is used to indicate the source material from which something is made, especially when the original material has undergone a physical change but is still recognizable.
中文： 介词「from」用于表示制作某物的原料，特别是当原始材料经历了物理变化但仍可辨认时。
This beautiful paper is made from bamboo.
这种美丽的纸张是用竹子制成的。
EN： Woodcarving is a traditional craft in many cultures worldwide. Softwoods, such as pine or linden, are often preferred by artisans for intricate hand-carving because they are easier to shape with hand tools compared to hardwoods.
中文： 木雕是全球許多文化中的傳統工藝。與硬木相比，手工藝人通常更喜歡使用松木或菩提木等軟木來進行精細的手工雕刻，因為它們更容易用手動工具進行塑形。
EN： The past passive voice (was/were + past participle) is used to describe an action that happened to the subject in the past, especially when the person or thing performing the action is unknown or not important.
中文： 一般过去时的被动语态（was/were + 过去分词）用于描述过去发生在主语身上的动作，特别是当执行动作的人或物未知或不重要时。
The letter was written in 1950.
这封信是在1950年写的。
EN： The repetition of the word 'long' in the phrase 'long, long ago' is used for emphasis, making the time period sound even more distant in the past.
中文： 在短语「long, long ago」中重复使用「long」这个词是用来表示强调，使时间显得更加久远、古老。
They lived in a castle long, long ago.
很久很久以前，他们住在一座城堡里。
EN： Passive Voice with Modal Verbs: The structure 'modal verb + be + past participle' is used to show that the subject receives the action, rather than performing it. Here, 'can be folded' indicates possibility in the passive voice.
中文： 情态动词的被动语态：结构为「情态动词 + be + 过去分词」，用来表示主语是动作的接受者而非执行者。在此处，「can be folded」表示被动语态中的可能性（可以被折叠）。
The trash can be recycled into new products.
垃圾可以被回收制成新产品。
EN： The preposition 'into' is used to express transformation or change of state, showing that the paper changes from its original flat form into a new shape.
中文： 介词「into」的用法：在此处用于表示转变或状态的改变，说明纸张从原本扁平的形状转变成新的形状。
The ice melted into water.
冰融化成了水。
EN： The sentence evokes the traditional art of paper folding, known as 'origami' in Japan, which has become a popular craft and educational activity worldwide. It highlights the cultural appreciation for transforming simple materials into beautiful art.
中文： 這句話讓人聯想到傳統的折紙藝術（在日本稱為「origami」），這已成為全球受歡迎的手藝與教育活動。它展現了將簡單材料轉化為美麗藝術品的文化鑑賞價值。
EN： Passive Voice (Present Simple): Used when the action itself or the receiver of the action is more important than the doer. It is formed with 'am/is/are + past participle'.
中文： 现在简单时的被动语态：当动作本身或动作的接受者比执行者更重要时使用。其结构为「am/is/are + 过去分词」。
The bread is baked fresh every morning.
这面包每天早上都是新鲜烘焙的。
EN： Preposition 'from' for origin/source: Used here to indicate the source material from which something is created or derived, especially when the original material has changed its form.
中文： 介词「from」表示来源或原料：在此处用于指出某物制造或衍生自何种来源材料，特别是当原始材料已改变其形态时。
Wine is made from grapes.
葡萄酒是用葡萄酿造的。
EN： Present Simple Passive Voice: Used to describe actions where the focus is on the action or the receiver of the action, rather than the doer. It is formed using 'am/is/are' + past participle (V3). In this sentence, 'are sung' is the passive form of 'sing'.
中文： 一般现在时的被动语态：用于强调动作本身或动作的接受者，而非执行者。其结构为「am/is/are + 过去分词 (V3)」。在本句中，「are sung」是动词「sing」的被动形式。
These letters are written by hand.
这些信件是用手写的。
EN： Adverb Placement (still): The adverb 'still' is used to describe an action that continues to happen. In passive voice sentences, 'still' is typically placed after the auxiliary verb (am/is/are) and before the main verb (past participle).
中文： 副词的位置（still）：副词「still」（仍然）用于描述持续发生的动作。在被动语态的句子中，「still」通常放在助动词（am/is/are）之后、主要动词（过去分词）之前。
The keys are still kept in the drawer.
钥匙仍然放在抽屉里。
EN： In many traditional cultures, songs and music are not just entertainment but essential oral traditions passed down through generations. Singing these songs at annual festivals helps preserve cultural heritage and community identity.
中文： 在許多傳統文化中，歌曲和音樂不僅僅是娛樂，更是代代相傳的重要口頭傳統。在年度節日中演唱這些歌曲，有助於保護文化遺產並凝聚社區認同感。
EN： The passive voice (be + past participle) is used when the focus is on the action or the receiver of the action, rather than the doer. Here, 'are passed down' shows that the 'old skills' receive the action of being transmitted.
中文： 被动语态（be 动词 + 过去分词）用于当焦点在于动作本身或动作的接受者，而非执行者时。在这里，「are passed down」表示「古老的技艺」接受了被传承的动作。
These traditions are kept alive by the villagers.
这些传统由村民们保持着活力。
EN： The phrasal verb 'pass down' means to teach or give something to someone who will live after you, often across generations. It is frequently used in the passive voice.
中文： 短语动词「pass down」意为将某物传授或给予后代，通常是跨世代的传承。这个短语经常以被动语态呈现。
The family recipe was passed down to me by my grandmother.
这道家族食谱是我祖母传承给我的。
EN： In many cultures, traditional crafts and skills are not just hobbies but a source of community identity and historical pride. Passing them down through generations ensures that cultural heritage is preserved and celebrated.
中文： 在許多文化中，傳統手工藝與技藝不僅僅是嗜好，更是社群認同與歷史自豪感的來源。將其代代相傳能確保文化遺產得以保留並發揚光大。
EN： The relative clause 'that is loved' is used as an adjective clause to modify the noun 'A craft'. The relative pronoun 'that' acts as the subject of the relative clause.
中文： 关系从句（形容词从句）「that is loved」用来修饰先行词（名词）「A craft」。关系代词「that」在从句中担任主语的角色。
The book that is written in English is easy to read.
那本用英文写成的书很容易读。
EN： The passive voice is formed with 'be + past participle (V-ed)'. In this sentence, 'is loved' and 'is kept' are both passive constructions, emphasizing the action being done to the subject rather than who does it.
中文： 被动语态的结构为「be 动词 + 过去分词 (V-ed)」。在本句中，「is loved」（被喜爱）与「is kept」（被保持/延续）皆为被动结构，用以强调主语所承受的动作，而非动作的执行者。
The old house is kept clean by the family.
这栋老房子被这家人保持得很干净。
EN： This sentence reflects a universal cultural value: the preservation of traditional crafts. It emphasizes that cultural heritage survives not just through physical preservation, but through active appreciation and emotional connection ('loved').
中文： 這句話反映了一個普世的文化價值：傳統工藝的傳承。它強調文化遺產的存續不僅僅依靠物理上的保存，更需要人們主動的欣賞與情感連結（「受到喜愛」）。
重要单词附有 IPA 发音、定义、例句和互动式测验。
在本文中： 编织（weave 的过去分词）
在本文中： 寺庙；神殿
在本文中： 节日；庆典
在本文中： 染色（dye 的过去式/过去分词）
在本文中： 陶器
在本文中： 雕刻（carve 的过去式/过去分词）
在本文中： 手工艺；工艺品
在本文中： 矿物
在本文中： 世纪（复数形式，一个世纪为一百年）
在本文中： 传统
片语包含类型标示、双语定义、用法说明和例句。
Using the hands, rather than a machine.
手工地；用手做地
To give or teach something to people who are younger or who will live after you.
传承；一代传一代
A device used for spinning yarn, or a potter's wheel used for shaping clay.
拉坯机；纺车
To preserve or maintain something so that it does not fade, die, or disappear.
保持活跃；使（传统、记忆等）延续下去