EN： The modal verb 'must' is used here to express strong logical deduction or certainty based on evidence. When followed by a base verb (like 'be'), it indicates a strong belief about a present state.
中文： 情态动词「must」在此处用于表示基于证据的强烈逻辑推断或肯定。当后面接动词原形（如「be」）时，表示对目前状态的强烈信念（意为「一定…」）。
She must be tired after the long flight.
经过长途飞行后，她一定累了。
EN： The phrase 'thousands of' is used to express a large, indefinite number. Note that 'thousands' is plural and is followed by 'of' plus a plural noun.
中文： 短语「thousands of」（数以千计的）用于表达一个庞大但未确定的数量。请注意，「thousands」在此处为复数形式，后面必须接「of」以及复数名词。
There are thousands of stars in the sky.
天空中有数以千计的星星。
EN： The modal structure 'might have + past participle' is used to express a weak possibility about a past event. It suggests that something possibly happened, but the speaker is not entirely sure.
中文： 情态动词结构「might have + 过去分词」用于表示对过去事件的微弱推测。它表示某事在过去有可能发生，但说话者并不完全确定。
She might have missed the train.
她当时可能错过了火车。
EN： The past participle 'used' is the third form of the regular verb 'use'. In this sentence, it combines with 'might have' to form the past possibility aspect.
中文： 过去分词「used」是规则动词「use」的第三态。在本句中，它与「might have」结合，构成对过去可能性的推测。
They have used this method for years.
他们使用这个方法已经很多年了。
EN： The modal verb 'could' is used here to express a possibility or a deduction about a present situation, indicating that the speaker is not 100% certain but thinks it is possible.
中文： 情态动词「could」在此处用于表示对现状的可能性推测。这代表说话者并非百分之百确定，但认为这是有可能的。
This key could be the one we lost yesterday.
这把钥匙可能就是昨天我们弄丢的那把。
EN： The prepositional phrase 'of an old temple' acts as an adjectival modifier, describing which whole the 'part' belongs to. 'An' is used because 'old' begins with a vowel sound.
中文： 介词短语「of an old temple」（某座古老神庙的）作为形容词修饰语，用来描述「part」（一部分）是属于哪一个整体。因为「old」以元音开头，所以冠词使用「an」。
He is a member of an international club.
他是某个国际俱乐部的成员。
EN： The modal structure 'can't have + past participle' is used to express a strong negative deduction or certainty about a past event. It means the speaker is almost certain that something did not happen.
中文： 情态助动词结构“can't have + 过去分词”用于对过去发生的事情进行强烈的否定推测或断定。表示说话者几乎可以肯定某事在过去“不可能”发生过。
She can't have left her keys at the office; I saw them on her desk at home.
她不可能把钥匙忘在办公室了；我看到它们在她家里的书桌上。
EN： The preposition 'without' followed by a noun phrase ('without many people') indicates a condition that was lacking or absent, functioning as an adverbial modifier of manner or condition.
中文： 介词“without”（没有/无）后面接名词短语（如“without many people”），用来表示缺乏或不存在某种条件，在句中作为修饰方式或条件的副词性修饰语。
We cannot finish this project without your help.
没有你的帮助，我们无法完成这个项目。
EN： The modal verb 'may' is used to express possibility in the present or future. It indicates that something is possible but not certain. It is followed by the base form of the verb (in this case, 'tell').
中文： 情态助动词“may”用于表示现在或未来的可能性，意指某事有可能发生但并不确定。其后须接动词原形（在此句中为“tell”）。
It may rain later, so take an umbrella.
等一下可能会下雨，所以带把伞吧。
EN： The word 'ancient' is an adjective meaning belonging to the very distant past. It is used here to modify the noun 'story'. Note the pronunciation starts with a vowel sound, but it is preceded by 'an' because of the phonetic environment of the noun phrase 'an ancient story'.
中文： “ancient”是一个形容词，意思是“古代的”或“古老的”，用来修饰名词“story”。请注意其发音以元音（母音）开头，因此前面使用不定冠词“an”来构成名词短语“an ancient story”。
We visited the ruins of an ancient city.
我们参观了一座古老城市的遗迹。
EN： The modal verb structure 'must have + past participle' is used to express a strong, logical deduction or certainty about a past event. It means the speaker is almost sure that something happened based on evidence.
中文： 情态助动词结构“must have + 过去分词”用于对过去发生的事情进行强烈且符合逻辑的推测或肯定。这意味着说话者根据现有的证据，几乎可以确定某事曾经发生过。
She must have left her keys at the office.
她一定把钥匙忘在办公室了。
EN： The adverb phrase 'long ago' is used to refer to a time far in the past. It typically modifies verbs to indicate that the action occurred a great distance back in time.
中文： 副词短语“long ago”用于指代很久以前的时间。它通常修饰动词，表示该动作发生在极为久远的过去。
Dinosaurs lived on Earth long ago.
恐龙在很久以前生活在地球上。
EN： The modal verb 'might' is used to express weak possibility or uncertainty about a present or future situation. It is followed by the base form of the verb (bare infinitive).
中文： 情态助动词“might”用于表示对现在或未来状况的微弱可能性或不确定性。其后须接动词原形（不带 to 的不定式）。
It might rain later, so take an umbrella.
待会可能会下雨，所以带把伞吧。
EN： The phrasal verb 'lead to' means to result in a certain place or situation. When referring to physical paths, it indicates the destination the path reaches.
中文： 短语动词“lead to”意为“通往”或“导致”某个地方或结果。当用于描述实体路径时，它表示该道路所抵达的终点。
EN： The modal structure 'could have + past participle' is used to express a past possibility—something that was possible in the past but is not certain.
中文： 情态助动词结构“could have + 过去分词”用于表示过去的可能性，即某事在过去是有可能的，但并不完全确定。
She could have missed the train.
她那时可能错过了火车。
EN： The preposition 'for' followed by a period of time (e.g., 'for many years') is used to express the duration of an action or state.
中文： 介词“for”后面接一段时间（例如“for many years”），用于表示动作或状态持续的时间长度。
They lived in Paris for five years.
他们在巴黎住了五年。
EN： The modal structure 'must have + past participle' is used to express a strong logical deduction or certainty about a past event. It means 'it is almost certain that something happened'.
中文： 情态动词结构「must have + 过去分词」用于对过去发生的事情进行强烈的逻辑推测或肯定。意思是「过去某事几乎肯定是发生过的」。
She must have forgotten her keys because she couldn't open the door.
她一定忘记带钥匙了，因为她打不开门。
EN： 'Know a lot about' is a common phrasal expression meaning to have extensive knowledge or information regarding a specific subject.
中文： 「know a lot about」是一个常见的短语表达，意思是对某个特定主题拥有广泛的知识或信息（非常了解）。
He knows a lot about ancient history.
他对古代历史非常了解。
EN： In ancient civilizations, astronomy (studying the stars) was crucial for agriculture, navigation, and religious rituals. This sentence reflects the modern wonder at how ancient peoples achieved complex architectural alignments with celestial bodies without modern technology.
中文： 在古代文明中，天文學（研究星星）對於農業、航海和宗教儀式至關重要。這句話反映了現代人對於古代人在沒有現代科技的情況下，如何實現與天體精準對齊的複雜建築結構所感到的驚嘆。
EN： The modal verb 'can't' followed by a base verb is used to express a strong negative deduction. It means the speaker is almost certain that something is impossible based on present evidence.
中文： 情态助动词“can't”后面接原形动词，用于表示强烈的否定推论。意思是说话者根据眼前的证据，几乎可以肯定某件事是不可能的。
It can't be him; he is currently in New York.
那不可能是他；他目前在纽约。
EN： The linking verb 'look' is used to describe appearance. It is followed by an adjective (e.g., 'straight') to describe the subject. The adverb 'too' is used before the adjective to mean 'more than enough' or 'excessively'.
中文： 系动词“look”（看起来）用于描述外观，后面接形容词（例如“straight”）来修饰主语。副词“too”（太）置于形容词前，表示“过度”或“过分”之意。
This soup looks too salty.
这碗汤看起来太咸了。
EN： The modal structure 'may have + past participle' is used to express a possibility about a past event. It suggests that something was possible in the past, but we are not 100% certain.
中文： 情态助动词结构“may have + 过去分词”用于表示对过去事件的推测。它表示某事在过去是有可能的，但我们无法百分之百确定。
She may have missed the train.
她那时可能错过了火车。
EN： The phrase 'thousands of' is used to describe a large, indefinite number of people or things. It is always plural and followed by a plural noun.
中文： 短语“thousands of”（数以千计的）用于描述数量庞大但非确切的数字。此结构中 thousand 必须用复数形式，且后面接复数名词。
Thousands of supporters gathered at the stadium.
数以千计的支持者聚集在体育场。
EN： The modal verb 'might' is used to express a weak possibility or uncertainty about something happening. When combined with the adverb 'never', it indicates a strong likelihood that something will not happen, though it remains a possibility rather than a certainty.
中文： 情态动词「might」用于表示某事发生的可能性较低或不确定性。当与副词「never」（从不、永远不）结合时，它表示某事极有可能不会发生，但仍属于一种可能性而非绝对的确定。
We might never find the lost keys.
我们可能永远也找不到遗失的钥匙了。
EN： The verb 'learn' in this context means to gain knowledge of or discover a fact, rather than the general process of studying. It is followed by the direct object 'the whole truth'.
中文： 在此语境中，动词「learn」的意思是「得知」或「发现」某个事实，而非一般的「学习」过程。其后接直接宾语「the whole truth」（完整的真相）。
She wanted to learn the reason behind his decision.
她想得知他做出决定背后的原因。
EN： The structure 'fill someone with something' is a transitive verb pattern used to express that a particular feeling, emotion, or quality is strongly caused in a person by something.
中文： 「fill someone with something」结构是一个及物动词句型，用来表示某种特定的感觉、情感或特质被强烈地灌输在某人身上，意为「使某人充满……」
The beautiful music filled her with joy.
这首优美的音乐让她心中充满了喜悦。
EN： The word 'wonder' is used here as an uncountable noun meaning a feeling of surprise mingled with admiration, caused by something beautiful, unexpected, or inexplicable.
中文： 「wonder」在此处作为不可数名词使用，表示因美丽、出乎意料或无法解释的事物所引起的「惊奇、惊叹」之情。
The children looked at the starry sky with wonder.
孩子们带着惊奇的神情看着繁星点点的天空。
EN： The modal structure 'must have + past participle' is used to express a strong, logical deduction or certainty about a past event. It means the speaker is almost 100% sure that something happened in the past based on present evidence.
中文： 情态助动词结构“must have + 过去分词”用于对过去发生的事情进行强烈的、符合逻辑的推测或肯定。这意味着说话者根据目前的证据，几乎百分之百确定过去发生了某事。
She must have forgotten her keys because she cannot open the door.
她一定是忘了带钥匙，因为她打不开门。
EN： The infinitive phrase 'to move' acts as an adverbial modifier of purpose or result, explaining what the 'great skill' was needed for.
中文： 不定式短语“to move”在此处作为副词修饰语，表示目的或结果，用来解释需要“极高技巧”来做什么事（即搬动它们）。
We need a map to find the way.
我们需要一张地图来带路。
EN： The relative clause 'who built them' is an adjective clause used to modify the noun 'The people'. It starts with the relative pronoun 'who', which acts as the subject of the relative clause.
中文： 关系从句（形容词性从句）“who built them”用来修饰先行词“The people”（人们）。这里的关系代词“who”在从句中担任主语的角色。
The students who finished the test early were allowed to leave.
提早写完考卷的学生可以先行离开。
EN： The modal structure 'might have + past participle (had)' is used to express a weak possibility or speculation about a past event.
中文： 情态助动词结构“might have + 过去分词 (had)”用于对过去发生的事情进行可能性较低的推测或假设（当时可能……）。
She might have missed the train because she left late.
她可能因为出门晚了而没赶上火车。
EN： The phrase 'can't be sure' is used to express uncertainty. It is often followed by a noun clause starting with a question word (like 'how', 'what', or 'why') to specify what is uncertain.
中文： 短语“can't be sure”（无法确定）用于表达不确定性。其后通常会接一个由疑问词（如 how、what 或 why）引导的名词性从句，以具体说明不确定的内容。
I can't be sure when the meeting will start.
我无法确定会议什么时候开始。
EN： The structure 'such + adjective + plural noun' is used to emphasize the quality of the noun (meaning 'of this extreme degree').
中文： “such + 形容词 + 复数名词”的结构用于强调该名词的特质（意为“如此...的”或“达到这种极端程度的”）。
It is rare to see such beautiful flowers in winter.
在冬天看到如此美丽的花朵是很罕见的。
EN： The modal structure 'could have + past participle' is used to express a past possibility. It suggests that something was possible in the past, though we may not know for certain if it actually happened.
中文： 情态助动词结构“could have + 过去分词”用于表示“过去的可能性”。它暗示某事在过去是有可能的，尽管我们现在无法完全确定它是否真的发生过。
They could have built the temple for religious ceremonies.
他们过去可能建造了这座寺庙用于宗教仪式。
EN： The adjective 'ancient' refers to something belonging to the very distant past. It is often used to describe historical structures, civilizations, or artifacts.
中文： 形容词“ancient”指的是属于极遥远过去的事物（古代的、古老的）。它常用于描述历史建筑、文明或文物。
We found ancient coins near the river.
我们在河流附近发现了古代的硬币。
EN： The modal verb 'may' is used to express possibility in the present or future. It suggests that something is possible but not certain. It is followed by the base form of the verb (in this case, 'show').
中文： 情态助动词“may”用于表示现在或未来的可能性，暗示某事有可能发生但并不确定。其后接动词原形（在此句中为“show”）。
The weather may change later in the afternoon.
下午晚些时候天气可能会改变。
EN： When listing three or more items, we use commas to separate them, and the coordinating conjunction 'or' (or 'and') before the final item. This is known as a parallel structure, where all items in the list should belong to the same grammatical category (here, all are nouns: 'gods', 'animals', 'daily life').
中文： 当列举三个或以上的项目时，我们使用逗号将它们隔开，并在最后一个项目之前加上并列连词“or”（或“and”）。这被称为平行结构，列表中的所有项目应属于相同的语法类别（在此处皆为名词：“gods”、“animals”、“daily life”）。
You can choose to study Spanish, French, or Japanese.
你可以选择学习西班牙语、法语或日语。
EN： The modal structure 'must have + past participle' is used to express a strong belief or logical deduction about a past event. It indicates that the speaker is almost certain that something happened in the past based on present evidence.
中文： 情态助动词结构“must have + 过去分词”用于对过去发生的事情进行强烈的推测或逻辑推论。这表示说话者根据目前的证据，几乎可以肯定过去确实发生了某事。
She must have left her keys at the office because she cannot open her house door.
她一定把钥匙忘在办公室了，因为她打不开家门。
EN： The coordinating conjunction 'and' is used to connect words, phrases, or clauses of equal grammatical rank. In this sentence, it connects two noun phrases 'the sun' and 'the stars' which function together as the compound object of the verb.
中文： 并列连词“and”用于连接语法地位相同的单词、短语或从句。在本句中，它连接了两个名词短语“the sun”（太阳）和“the stars”（星星），共同作为动词的复合宾语。
We love to watch the moon and the clouds at night.
我们喜欢在晚上看月亮和云朵。
EN： In archeology and history, the alignment of ancient structures with celestial bodies (like the sun and stars) is a common topic of study, known as archaeoastronomy. This sentence reflects the awe and logical deduction modern observers feel when looking at sophisticated ancient ruins.
中文： 在考古學和歷史學中，古代建築與天體（如太陽和星星）的對齊是一個常見的研究課題，被稱為「考古天文學」。這句話反映了現代觀察者在面對精緻的古代遺跡時，所產生的敬畏之情與邏輯推論。
EN： The modal structure 'might have + past participle' is used to express a weak possibility about a past event. It suggests that something was possible in the past, but the speaker is not entirely sure.
中文： 情态助动词结构“might have + 过去分词”用于表示对过去事件的微弱推测。这表示某事在过去是有可能的，但说话者并不完全确定。
She might have missed the bus this morning.
她今天早上可能错过了公交车。
EN： The noun phrase 'a place of prayer' uses the preposition 'of' to describe the purpose or function of the noun 'place'. 'Prayer' is an uncountable noun here referring to the act of praying.
中文： 名词短语「a place of prayer」使用介词「of」来描述名词「place（地方）」的目的或功能。「Prayer」在此处为不可数名词，指祈祷的行为。
This room is a place of study.
这个房间是一个学习的地方。
EN： The modal structure 'can't have + past participle' is used to express a strong negative deduction or disbelief about a past event. It means the speaker is almost certain that something did not happen.
中文： 情态助动词结构“can't have + 过去分词”用于对过去发生的事情表示强烈的否定推测或不相信。意思是说话者几乎可以肯定某事在过去“不可能”发生过。
She can't have left her keys at the office; I saw her lock the door.
她不可能把钥匙忘在办公室；我亲眼看到她锁门的。
EN： The preposition 'without' can be followed by a gerund (verb-ing) to indicate an action that did not happen or was avoided during the main action. It translates to 'without doing something'.
中文： 介词“without”后面可以接动名词（动词-ing），用来表示在进行主句动作时，并未伴随或避免了某个动作。译为“在没有做某事的情况下”。
He solved the puzzle without looking at the instructions.
他没有看说明书就解开了这个谜题。
EN： The modal structure 'may have + past participle' is used to express a possibility about a past event. It suggests that something was possible in the past, but the speaker is not entirely certain.
中文： 情态动词结构「may have + 过去分词」用于表示对过去事件的推测。它表示某事在过去是有可能的，但说话者并不完全确定。
She may have missed the train this morning.
她今天早上可能错过了火车。
EN： The phrase 'long since' is an adverbial phrase meaning 'long ago' or 'for a long time'. When placed before an adjective or past participle like 'gone', it emphasizes that the state has existed for a very long time.
中文： 短语「long since」是一个副词短语，意思是「很久以前」或「早就」。当放在形容词或过去分词（如「gone」）之前时，它强调该状态已经持续了非常长的时间。
The old customs have long since disappeared.
那些古老的习俗早就消失了。
EN： The modal verb 'might' is used to express possibility (something that is possible but not certain). When combined with the adverb 'never', it indicates a strong possibility that something will not happen. The structure is 'Subject + might + never + base verb'.
中文： 情态动词「might」用于表示可能性（某事有可能发生但并不确定）。当与副词「never」（从不、永远不）结合时，表示「可能永远不会」发生某事。其结构为「主语 + might + never + 动词原形」。
We might never find the lost keys.
我们可能永远也找不到遗失的钥匙了。
EN： The noun 'puzzle' literally refers to a game or toy designed to test ingenuity. In a figurative sense, as used here, 'puzzle of the past' refers to an unsolved mystery or a difficult problem from history.
中文： 名词「puzzle」字面意思是拼图或益智游戏。在此处为比喻用法，「puzzle of the past」指的是历史上未解的谜团或难题。
EN： The adverb 'still' is used as a transition word at the beginning of a sentence to mean 'nevertheless' or 'despite what has just been said'. It helps to contrast the current statement with previous difficulties or doubts.
中文： 副词“still”在句首用作转折词，意思是“尽管如此”或“然而”。它有助于将目前的陈述与先前讨论的困难或怀疑进行对比。
The map was old and torn. Still, we managed to find the way.
那张地图又旧又破。尽管如此，我们还是设法找到了路。
EN： The verb phrase 'bring someone closer to something' uses the preposition 'to' to indicate movement or progress toward a destination, goal, or state of understanding.
中文： 动词短语“bring someone closer to something”（让某人更接近某事）使用介词“to”来表示朝向某个目的地、目标或理解状态的移动或进展。
Every hour of practice brings you closer to your goal.
每一小时的练习都让你更接近你的目标。
EN： Noun clauses as objects (indirect questions). When a question like 'What happened here?' is embedded inside another question ('Do you think...?'), it becomes a noun clause. The word order remains subject-verb if it's a statement, but since 'what' is the subject of the embedded clause here, the order 'what happened' is maintained.
中文： 名词性从句作为宾语（间接疑问句）。当一个像“这里发生了什么？”的疑问句被嵌入另一个疑问句（“你认为...？”）之中时，它就变成了名词性从句。此处的 'what' 同时也是该从句的主语，因此维持 'what + 动词' (what happened) 的语序。
What do you think she wants?
你觉得她想要什么？
EN： Direct address. When addressing someone directly by name in English, the name is set off with a comma (or commas) to separate it from the rest of the sentence. It can be placed at the beginning, middle, or end of the sentence.
中文： 直接称呼语。在英语中直接称呼某人的名字时，名字前后需要加上逗号，以便与句子的其他部分隔开。它可以放在句首、句中或句尾。
Where are we going, Tom?
汤姆，我们要去哪里？
EN： In English-speaking cultures, using someone's first name (like 'Emma') in conversation is very common and friendly. It helps to build rapport and keep the listener engaged, especially when exploring a mysterious or interesting place together.
中文： 在英語系國家中，在對話中直接稱呼對方的名字（如「艾瑪」）是非常普遍且友善的社交習慣。這有助於建立親近感並吸引聽者的注意力，特別是在共同探索神秘或有趣的地方時。
EN： The modal structure 'must have + past participle' is used to express a strong logical assumption or certainty about a past event, based on present evidence. 'Must' acts as an auxiliary verb, and 'have' followed by the past participle (V3) indicates the past time frame.
中文： 情态助动词结构“must have + 过去分词”用于对过去发生的事情进行强烈的逻辑推测或肯定，通常基于目前的证据。“must”表示推测，“have + 过去分词”则代表过去的时间点。
She must have forgotten her keys; her car is still here.
她一定忘记带钥匙了；她的车子还在这里。
EN： The adverbial phrase 'long ago' is used to refer to a time far in the past. It typically modifies the verb and is placed at the end of the clause.
中文： 副词短语“long ago”意为“很久以前”，用来指代遥远的过去。它通常修饰动词，并放在句尾。
Dinosaurs roamed the Earth long ago.
恐龙在很久以前曾主宰地球。
EN： The modal structure 'might have + past participle' is used to express a weak possibility about a past event. It suggests that something possibly happened, but the speaker is not entirely sure.
中文： 情态助动词结构“might have + 过去分词（p.p.）”用于表示对过去事件的微弱推测。这意味着某事在过去有可能发生，但说话者并不完全确定。
She might have missed the bus this morning.
她今天早上可能错过了公交车。
EN： The past participle 'used' functions here as the main verb within the modal perfect construction ('might have used'), indicating the action that completed in the past.
中文： 过去分词“used”在此处作为情态完成式结构（might have used）中的主要动词，表示在过去已经完成的动作。
They have used all the paper in the office.
他们已经用完了办公室里所有的纸。
EN： The modal verb 'could' is used here to express a weak or tentative possibility in the present or future. It suggests that something is possible, but the speaker is not entirely certain. It is followed by the base form of the verb ('be').
中文： 情态助动词“could”在此处用于表示现在或未来较弱或不确定的可能性。它暗示某事是有可能的，但说话者并非完全确定。后面接动词原形（在此为“be”）。
This key could open the back door.
这把钥匙可能会打开后门。
EN： The phrase 'part of' is used to describe a piece, segment, or constituent element of a larger whole. It is typically followed by a noun phrase representing the whole.
中文： 短语“part of”用于描述整体中的一部分、片段或构成要素。其后通常接代表整体的名词短语。
Reading is an important part of learning a language.
阅读是学习语言的重要部分。
EN： The modal structure 'can't have + past participle' is used to express a strong, logical deduction about a past event, meaning 'it is impossible that something happened'.
中文： 情态动词结构「can't have + 过去分词」用于对过去发生的事情进行强烈的否定推断，表示「过去不可能发生了某事」。
She can't have left her keys at the office; I saw them on the kitchen counter.
她不可能把钥匙忘在办公室；我看到钥匙在厨房吧台上。
EN： The word 'alone' is used as an adverb here, meaning 'without help' or 'by oneself'. It emphasizes that the action was or could not be completed without assistance.
中文： 「alone」在此处用作副词，意思是「在没有帮助的情况下」或「独自地」。它强调该动作在没有协助的情况下是无法完成的。
He solved the complex puzzle alone.
他独自一人解开了这个复杂的谜题。
EN： The modal verb 'may' is used to express possibility or uncertainty in the present or future. It is followed by the base form of the verb (in this case, 'tell'). It suggests that something is possible, but not 100% certain.
中文： 情态动词「may」用于表示现在或未来的可能性或不确定性。其后接动词原形（在此句中为「tell」）。它表示某事是有可能的，但并非百分之百确定。
It may rain later, so take an umbrella.
等一下可能会下雨，所以带把伞吧。
EN： The noun 'carvings' is the plural form of 'carving', which refers to a shape or pattern cut into wood or stone. Using the plural 'carvings' indicates there are multiple individual designs or inscriptions.
中文： 名词「carvings」是「carving」的复数形式，指在木头或石头上雕刻出的形状或图案。使用复数「carvings」表示存在多个独立的设计或碑文。
The ancient carvings on the cave wall are beautiful.
洞穴墙壁上的古老雕刻非常美丽。
EN： The modal structure 'must have + past participle' is used to express a strong logical deduction or near-certainty about a past event. It means 'it is highly likely that something happened'.
中文： 情态助动词结构“must have + 过去分词”用于对过去发生的事情进行强烈的逻辑推论或几乎肯定的猜测。意思是“过去某事必定发生过”或“过去一定…”。
She must have forgotten her keys because she cannot open the door.
她一定是忘了带钥匙，因为她打不开门。
EN： The phrasal verb 'know about' means to have knowledge or information about a specific topic or subject.
中文： 短语动词“know about”意思是对某个特定主题或事物有所了解、知道相关信息。
I don't know much about art, but I like this painting.
我对艺术不太了解，但我喜欢这幅画。
EN： The modal verb 'might' is used to express weak possibility or uncertainty about a present or future situation. It is followed by the base form of the verb (in this case, 'lead').
中文： 情态动词「might」用于表示对现在或未来状况较微弱的可能性或不确定性。其后须接动词原形（在此句中为「lead」）。
It might rain later, so you should take an umbrella.
等一下可能会下雨，所以你该带把伞。
EN： 'Somewhere hidden' uses post-modification, where an adjective ('hidden') modifies an indefinite pronoun ('somewhere') by placing it directly after the pronoun.
中文： 「somewhere hidden」使用了后置修饰。当形容词（如 hidden）修饰不定代词（如 somewhere）时，必须放在该代词的后面。
I want to go somewhere quiet this weekend.
这周末我想去个安静的地方。
EN： The modal verb 'might' is used to express a weak possibility or uncertainty about the future or present. When combined with the adverb 'never', it indicates that there is a strong chance something will not happen, though it remains a possibility.
中文： 情态助动词“might”用于表示对现在或未来较微弱的可能性或不确定性。当与副词“never”（从不、绝不）结合时，表示某事有很大的几率不会发生，但仍保有一丝可能性。
He might never find his lost keys.
他可能永远也找不到他遗失的钥匙了。
EN： The verb 'learn' in this context means to discover, find out, or become aware of information, rather than the traditional meaning of acquiring a skill or studying.
中文： 动词“learn”在此语境中意为“得知”、“获悉”或“发现”信息，而非传统意义上的“学习”技能或知识。
We only learned the news yesterday.
我们昨天才得知这个消息。
EN： The word 'each' is a distributive determiner used to refer to every individual member of a group. It is always followed by a singular countable noun ('clue') and a singular verb ('brings').
中文： 单词“each”（每一个）是一个分配限定词，用来指代群体中的每一个个体。它后面必须接单数可数名词（如“clue”），且动词也必须使用单数动词（如“brings”）。
Each student has a unique talent.
每个学生都有独特的才能。
EN： The verb 'bring' can be used in the pattern 'bring + object + adjective/adverbial' (brings us closer) to describe causing someone or something to move into a certain state or position.
中文： 动词“bring”可用于“bring + 宾语 + 形容词/副词短语”（brings us closer）的句型中，用来描述使某人或某物进入某种状态或位置。
The good news made us happy and brought us closer together.
这个好消息让我们很高兴，也让我们关系更紧密。
重要单词附有 IPA 发音、定义、例句和互动式测验。
在本文中： （古建筑物、城镇等毁坏后留下的）废墟，遗迹
在本文中： 庙宇，寺庙，神殿
在本文中： 雕刻品，雕刻图案
在本文中： 古代的，古老的
在本文中： 天然的，非人为的
在本文中： 惊奇，惊叹，赞叹
在本文中： 巧妙的，精巧的，聪明的
在本文中： 珍宝，宝藏
在本文中： 谜，难题
在本文中： 线索，端倪
片语包含类型标示、双语定义、用法说明和例句。
To result in a particular place or situation; to guide to a destination.
通往；导致
A long time in the past.
很久以前
Long ago; having occurred or finished a long time in the past.
早就；很久以前就已经
To reduce the distance (physical or metaphorical) between someone/something and a goal or truth.
使更接近