Scientists develop gene-edited wheat that can make toasted bread less carcinogenicSaintis bangunkan gandum suntingan gen yang boleh mengurangkan risiko karsinogenik dalam roti bakar
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EN: The use of the Present Perfect tense ('have developed') indicates a completed action in the past that has significant relevance or results in the present, often used in news reporting to introduce a recent breakthrough.
Bahasa Melayu: Penggunaan kala kini sempurna (have developed) menunjukkan tindakan yang telah selesai pada masa lampau tetapi mempunyai kepentingan atau hasil yang relevan pada masa kini, dan sering digunakan dalam laporan berita untuk memperkenalkan kemajuan terkini yang penting.
Scientists have discovered a new method to purify water using solar energy.
Para saintis telah menemui kaedah baharu untuk membersihkan air menggunakan tenaga suria.
EN: The relative clause 'that produces bread...' functions as an adjective modifying 'gene-edited wheat'. In formal scientific writing, 'that' is preferred over 'which' for restrictive clauses that define the specific type of subject being discussed.
Bahasa Melayu: Klausa relatif "that produces bread..." berfungsi sebagai adjektif yang menerangkan "gene-edited wheat". Dalam penulisan saintifik formal, "that" lebih digemari daripada "which" untuk klausa restriktif yang mentakrifkan objek yang dibincangkan.
The company is testing a software that detects security flaws automatically.
Syarikat itu sedang menguji perisian yang dapat mengesan kelemahan keselamatan secara automatik.
EN: Apposition: 'a probable carcinogen' is an appositive phrase that provides additional information or a definition for the preceding noun 'acrylamide'. It is set off by a comma to clarify technical terminology for a general audience.
Bahasa Melayu: Aposisi: "a probable carcinogen" ialah frasa apositif yang memberikan maklumat tambahan atau definisi bagi kata nama sebelumnya, iaitu "acrylamide" (akrilamida). Ia dipisahkan dengan koma untuk menjelaskan istilah teknikal kepada pembaca umum.
The team visited Mount Everest, the highest peak in the world.
Pasukan itu melawat Gunung Everest, iaitu gunung tertinggi di dunia.
EN: Rothamsted Research is one of the oldest agricultural research institutions in the world, founded in 1843. Mentioning specific locations like 'Hertfordshire' is a common trait in British journalism to provide a sense of grounded authority and geographical context.
EN: The phrase 'achieved through CRISPR genome editing technology' is a past participle phrase acting as an adjective to modify 'The breakthrough'. It functions as a reduced relative clause (which was achieved through...).
Bahasa Melayu: Frasa partisipel lampau "achieved through..." di sini berfungsi sebagai adjektif yang menerangkan subjek "The breakthrough". Ini ialah penggunaan klausa relatif terkurang yang menggugurkan "which was", dan sering digunakan dalam penulisan formal untuk memadatkan struktur ayat.
The results, obtained from a decade of research, were finally published.
Keputusan yang diperoleh daripada kajian selama sepuluh tahun ini akhirnya telah diterbitkan.
EN: The modal verb 'could' is used here to express a strong possibility or potential future impact, rather than past ability. It conveys a professional, cautious tone typical of scientific reporting.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata bantu "could" di sini tidak menunjukkan keupayaan pada masa lampau, tetapi digunakan untuk menyatakan kemungkinan yang kuat atau potensi kesan pada masa hadapan. Ini sangat lazim dalam laporan saintifik kerana ia menyampaikan nada yang profesional dan berhati-hati.
The new policy could lead to significant economic growth.
Dasar baharu ini mungkin akan membawa pertumbuhan ekonomi yang ketara.
EN: The collocation 'have implications for' is a high-level academic expression meaning to have a likely consequence or effect on something.
Bahasa Melayu: Kolokasi "have implications for" ialah ungkapan akademik peringkat tinggi yang bermaksud "mempunyai kemungkinan akibat atau kesan terhadap sesuatu".
The court's decision has serious implications for digital privacy.
Keputusan mahkamah itu mempunyai implikasi yang serius terhadap privasi digital.
EN: CRISPR technology is a major topic in modern Western science communication, often sparking debates about the distinction between 'gene-edited' (precise changes) and 'GMO' (transgenic changes). The tone here reflects the optimistic scientific register common in UK/US research news.
EN: Appositive phrases: 'an amino acid...' is an appositive that renames and provides more information about 'free asparagine'. This is a common academic writing technique to define technical terms without starting a new sentence.
Bahasa Melayu: Frasa apositif: "an amino acid..." ialah apositif yang menamakan semula dan memberikan maklumat lanjut tentang "free asparagine" (asparagin bebas). Ini ialah teknik lazim dalam penulisan akademik untuk mentakrifkan istilah teknikal tanpa memulakan ayat baharu.
The team studied chlorophyll, a pigment responsible for photosynthesis.
Pasukan itu mengkaji klorofil, iaitu pigmen yang bertanggungjawab untuk fotosintesis.
EN: Reduced Relative Clause: The phrase 'the plant utilises for nitrogen storage' is a relative clause modifying 'amino acid'. The relative pronoun 'which' or 'that' has been omitted because it functions as the object of the verb 'utilises'.
Bahasa Melayu: Klausa relatif terkurang: Frasa "the plant utilises for nitrogen storage" ialah klausa relatif yang menerangkan "amino acid". Oleh kerana kata ganti relatif (which atau that) berfungsi sebagai objek bagi kata kerja "utilises" dalam klausa tersebut, ia telah digugurkan.
This is the method researchers use to collect data.
Ini ialah kaedah yang digunakan oleh penyelidik untuk mengumpul data.
EN: The use of 'utilises' instead of 'uses' is characteristic of formal scientific register in British English (note the '-ises' spelling, though '-izes' is also used in some UK contexts). It implies a functional or strategic application of a resource.
EN: The non-restrictive relative clause starting with 'which' provides additional information about 'acrylamide'. Unlike restrictive clauses, it is separated by a comma and adds a parenthetical comment rather than defining the noun.
Bahasa Melayu: Klausa relatif bukan restriktif yang bermula dengan 'which' memberikan maklumat tambahan tentang 'acrylamide' (akrilamida). Berbeza dengan klausa restriktif, ia dipisahkan dengan koma dan berfungsi untuk menambah penjelasan, bukan untuk mentakrifkan kata nama tersebut.
The report highlighted the risks of processed sugar, which health experts have long criticized.
Laporan itu menekankan risiko gula diproses, yang telah lama dikritik oleh pakar kesihatan.
EN: The verb 'undergo' is a formal transitive verb meaning to experience something, typically something unpleasant or a process of change. It is frequently used in scientific and academic registers.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata kerja 'undergo' ialah kata kerja transitif formal yang bermaksud mengalami, menempuh, dan biasanya merujuk kepada mengalami sesuatu yang tidak menyenangkan atau proses perubahan. Ia sering digunakan dalam konteks saintifik dan akademik.
The patient will undergo a series of tests to determine the cause of the symptoms.
Pesakit akan menjalani satu siri ujian untuk menentukan punca gejala tersebut.
EN: The passive voice 'is baked, fried, or toasted' is used here to focus on the action being performed on the bread rather than the person performing the action, which is standard in scientific descriptions.
Bahasa Melayu: Suara pasif 'is baked, fried, or toasted' digunakan di sini untuk menumpukan perhatian kepada tindakan yang dikenakan ke atas roti, bukan kepada orang yang melakukan tindakan itu. Ini ialah amalan standard dalam penerangan saintifik.
When the metal is heated to a high temperature, its molecular structure changes.
Apabila logam dipanaskan pada suhu tinggi, struktur molekulnya akan berubah.
EN: The term 'acrylamide' gained significant public attention in the early 2000s when Swedish scientists discovered its presence in starchy foods cooked at high temperatures. In Western culinary culture, where toasting bread and frying potatoes are staples, this discovery led to major changes in food processing and public health guidelines.
EN: The sentence uses the 'It is... that...' cleft sentence structure to provide emphasis. By placing 'precisely this biochemical pathway' between 'It is' and 'that', the speaker highlights the specific object of the action, distinguishing it from other possible factors.
Bahasa Melayu: Ayat ini menggunakan struktur ayat belah "It is... that..." untuk memberikan penekanan. Dengan meletakkan "precisely this biochemical pathway" (iaitu laluan biokimia ini) di antara "It is" dan "that", penutur menekankan objek tindakan yang khusus, membezakannya daripada faktor-faktor lain yang mungkin.
It is the lack of funding that remains the biggest obstacle to the project.
Kekurangan dana itulah halangan terbesar yang dihadapi projek ini pada masa ini.
EN: The passive voice 'was designed to' followed by an infinitive indicates the purpose or intended function of an object or system. It shifts the focus from the creator to the intention behind the design.
Bahasa Melayu: Suara pasif "was designed to" diikuti oleh infinitif menunjukkan tujuan atau fungsi yang dijangka bagi sesuatu objek atau sistem. Ini mengalihkan tumpuan daripada pencipta kepada niat di sebalik reka bentuk tersebut.
The software was designed to streamline the recruitment process.
Perisian ini direka untuk memudahkan proses pengambilan pekerja.
EN: The adverb 'precisely' is used here as an intensifier to add exactness and formal weight to the emphasis, common in scientific and academic registers.
Bahasa Melayu: Adverba "precisely" digunakan di sini sebagai penguat untuk menambah ketepatan dan formaliti pada penekanan, dan ini sangat lazim dalam konteks saintifik dan akademik.
This is precisely why we need to conduct further research.
Inilah sebabnya mengapa kita perlu menjalankan penyelidikan lanjut.
EN: The use of 'precisely' and 'biochemical pathway' reflects a high-register, scientific discourse common in British academic reporting (like Rothamsted Research). It emphasizes accuracy and the specific mechanism of action, which is crucial in scientific breakthroughs.
EN: The present perfect tense ('have demonstrated') is used here to describe a completed action that has relevance to the current situation, often used in scientific reporting to present findings that remain valid.
Bahasa Melayu: Kala kini sempurna (have demonstrated) digunakan di sini untuk menerangkan tindakan yang telah selesai dan mempunyai kesan atau kepentingan yang berterusan terhadap keadaan semasa. Dalam laporan saintifik, ia sering digunakan untuk membentangkan penemuan eksperimen yang masih sah.
Recent studies have demonstrated that regular exercise improves cognitive function.
Kajian terkini telah membuktikan bahawa senaman yang kerap dapat meningkatkan fungsi kognitif.
EN: The prepositional phrase 'without compromising' uses the gerund form of 'compromise' to indicate a condition or constraint. In this context, 'compromise' means to weaken or damage something, rather than its common meaning of reaching an agreement.
Bahasa Melayu: Frasa sendi "without compromising" menggunakan bentuk gerund bagi 'compromise' untuk menunjukkan sesuatu syarat atau had. Dalam konteks ini, compromise bermaksud "merosakkan" atau "melemahkan", bukan makna lazimnya iaitu "berkompromi" atau "bertolak ansur".
The company increased production speed without compromising the quality of the products.
Syarikat itu meningkatkan kelajuan pengeluaran tanpa menjejaskan kualiti produk.
EN: The noun phrase 'CRISPR-edited wheat' employs a compound adjective structure (Noun-Past Participle). This is a concise way to describe how an object has been modified or processed.
Bahasa Melayu: Frasa nama "CRISPR-edited wheat" menggunakan struktur adjektif majmuk (kata nama-partisipel lampau). Ini ialah cara yang ringkas untuk menerangkan bagaimana sesuatu objek telah diubah suai atau diproses.
The solar-powered vehicle traveled across the desert.
Kenderaan yang digerakkan oleh tenaga suria ini telah merentasi padang pasir.
EN: The mention of 'field trials' and 'CRISPR' reflects the ongoing global debate and scientific progress in Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) and Gene Editing. In the UK and EU, regulatory frameworks for gene-edited crops are currently evolving, distinguishing them from traditional GMOs because they don't necessarily introduce foreign DNA.
EN: The use of the past participle 'Targeted' as an adjective modifying 'edits' implies that the action was performed with a specific goal or focus. In scientific contexts, this register indicates precision and intentionality.
Bahasa Melayu: Penggunaan partisipel lampau 'Targeted' sebagai adjektif yang menerangkan 'edits' membayangkan bahawa tindakan itu dilakukan dengan matlamat atau fokus yang khusus. Dalam konteks saintifik, penggunaan ini menunjukkan ketepatan dan kesengajaan.
Targeted therapies have revolutionized the treatment of various cancers.
Terapi bersasar telah merevolusikan cara rawatan untuk pelbagai jenis kanser.
EN: The prepositional phrase 'responsible for' functions as an adjectival phrase modifying 'the gene'. It describes the function or duty of the noun it follows, often used to define biological or technical roles.
Bahasa Melayu: Frasa sendi 'responsible for' berfungsi sebagai frasa adjektif yang menerangkan 'the gene'. Ia menerangkan fungsi atau tanggungjawab kata nama yang mengikutinya, dan sering digunakan untuk mentakrifkan peranan biologi atau teknikal.
The motor cortex is the area of the brain responsible for voluntary movement.
Korteks motor ialah kawasan otak yang bertanggungjawab untuk pergerakan sukarela.
EN: The preposition 'by' is used here to indicate the extent or degree of change. It follows a verb of change (reduced) to specify the numerical difference or percentage of the reduction.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata sendi 'by' digunakan di sini untuk menunjukkan tahap atau kadar perubahan. Ia mengikuti kata kerja yang menunjukkan perubahan (reduced) untuk menerangkan nilai atau peratusan pengurangan yang khusus.
The company managed to cut its carbon emissions by twenty percent last year.
Syarikat itu berjaya mengurangkan pelepasan karbon sebanyak dua puluh peratus tahun lepas.
EN: The use of 'fifty-nine percent' instead of '59%' in formal news writing often adheres to specific style guides (like AP Style) which suggest spelling out numbers at the beginning of sentences or in specific narrative contexts to maintain a formal tone.
EN: The 'so + adjective + that' structure is used to express cause and effect, where the degree of the adjective leads to a specific result described in the 'that' clause.
Bahasa Melayu: Struktur "so + adjektif + that" digunakan untuk menyatakan sebab dan akibat, di mana tahap adjektif tersebut membawa kepada hasil tertentu yang diterangkan dalam klausa 'that'.
The noise was so loud that we couldn't hear each other speak.
Bunyi bising itu terlalu kuat sehingga kami tidak dapat mendengar percakapan antara satu sama lain.
EN: The past participle phrase 'produced from this gene-edited wheat' acts as a reduced relative clause (which were produced from...), modifying the nouns 'bread and biscuits'.
Bahasa Melayu: Frasa partisipel lampau "produced from this gene-edited wheat" berfungsi sebagai klausa relatif terkurang (asalnya which were produced from...) yang menerangkan kata nama "bread and biscuits".
The furniture made from recycled wood is very durable.
Perabot yang diperbuat daripada kayu kitar semula sangat tahan lasak.
EN: The sentence-initial adverb 'Notably' serves as a transition marker to highlight information that is particularly striking or important to the reader.
Bahasa Melayu: Adverba di awal ayat "Notably" berfungsi sebagai penanda peralihan untuk menekankan maklumat yang sangat menarik atau penting kepada pembaca.
Notably, the company's profits increased despite the economic downturn.
Yang perlu diberi perhatian ialah, walaupun ekonomi mengalami kemelesetan, keuntungan syarikat itu masih meningkat.
EN: The mention of 'acrylamide' and 'toasting' refers to the Maillard reaction, a chemical reaction between amino acids and reducing sugars that gives browned food its distinctive flavor but also produces potential carcinogens. This is a significant public health concern in European food safety regulations.
EN: The relative pronoun 'whose' is used to indicate possession, functioning as the possessive form of 'who' or 'which'. It introduces a relative clause that modifies the preceding noun ('varieties'), indicating that the genetic material belongs to those varieties.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata ganti relatif 'whose' digunakan untuk menunjukkan hubungan pemilikan, dan berfungsi sebagai bentuk posesif bagi 'who' atau 'which'. Ia memperkenalkan klausa relatif untuk menerangkan anteseden (di sini 'varieties'), menunjukkan bahawa bahan genetik tersebut adalah milik varieti-varieti ini.
The company hired a consultant whose expertise in biotechnology is world-renowned.
Syarikat itu telah menggaji seorang perunding yang kepakarannya dalam bidang bioteknologi diiktiraf di peringkat global.
EN: The past perfect passive voice ('had been altered') is used to describe an action that was completed before another point in the past. In this context, the genetic alteration occurred prior to the scientists' comparison.
Bahasa Melayu: Suara pasif kala lampau sempurna ('had been altered') digunakan untuk menerangkan tindakan yang telah selesai sebelum sesuatu titik masa pada masa lampau. Dalam konteks ini, perubahan bahan genetik berlaku sebelum saintis membuat perbandingan.
By the time the study was published, the experimental data had been verified by multiple labs.
Sebelum kajian itu diterbitkan, data eksperimen telah disahkan oleh beberapa makmal.
EN: The verb 'compare' is frequently used with the preposition 'with' to highlight similarities or differences between two distinct groups or entities, often in a formal or scientific register.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata kerja 'compare' sering digunakan dengan kata sendi 'with' untuk menekankan persamaan atau perbezaan antara dua kumpulan atau entiti yang berbeza, dan ini sangat lazim dalam konteks formal atau saintifik.
The researchers compared the results of the new drug trial with those of the placebo group.
Para penyelidik membandingkan keputusan ujian ubat baharu dengan keputusan kumpulan plasebo.
EN: The sentence reflects the ongoing scientific and regulatory distinction between 'gene editing' (like CRISPR) and 'genetic modification' (like chemical mutagenesis). In many jurisdictions, gene editing is viewed as a more precise and potentially 'natural' method compared to older techniques that cause random mutations.
EN: The use of 'Unlike' as a preposition to establish a contrast between two subjects. It is often followed by a noun phrase and sets the stage for the main clause which presents the opposing characteristic.
Bahasa Melayu: Penggunaan 'Unlike' sebagai kata sendi untuk mewujudkan kontras antara dua subjek. Ia biasanya diikuti oleh frasa nama, dan menyediakan latar untuk klausa utama yang membentangkan ciri yang bertentangan.
Unlike her previous novels, which were set in rural England, her latest book takes place in a futuristic city.
Berbeza dengan novel-novelnya yang sebelum ini berlatar belakangkan kawasan luar bandar England, karya terbarunya berlaku di sebuah bandar masa hadapan.
EN: Non-restrictive relative clauses (introduced by 'which') provide supplementary information about a preceding noun. They are separated by commas and do not limit the identity of the noun they modify.
Bahasa Melayu: Klausa relatif bukan restriktif (diperkenalkan oleh 'which') memberikan maklumat tambahan tentang kata nama yang disebut sebelumnya. Ia dipisahkan dengan koma dan tidak mengehadkan skop identiti kata nama yang diterangkannya.
The new software, which was released last week, has already fixed several security bugs.
Perisian baharu yang dikeluarkan minggu lepas ini telah membetulkan beberapa kelemahan keselamatan.
EN: The verb 'enable' follows the pattern 'enable + object + to-infinitive', meaning to provide someone with the ability or means to do something.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata kerja 'enable' mengikut pola 'enable + objek + infinitif', yang bermaksud memberikan seseorang keupayaan atau cara untuk melakukan sesuatu.
The scholarship enabled him to study at a prestigious university abroad.
Biasiswa itu membolehkannya belajar di sebuah universiti terkemuka di luar negara.
EN: The phrase 'surgical precision' is a common English idiom used in scientific and technical contexts to describe something extremely accurate and carefully executed, drawing a metaphor from the high stakes and exactness required in medical surgery.
EN: This sentence uses an inverted conditional structure for a hypothetical situation in the past (Third Conditional). When 'if' is omitted, the auxiliary verb 'had' moves to the front of the clause. This structure is highly formal and common in academic or journalistic writing.
Bahasa Melayu: Ayat ini menggunakan struktur songsang bagi ayat bersyarat untuk menunjukkan andaian yang bertentangan dengan fakta lampau. Apabila kata hubung 'if' digugurkan, kata bantu 'had' perlu diletakkan di awal ayat. Struktur ini lebih formal dan sering ditemui dalam penulisan akademik atau kewartawanan.
Had the team followed the safety protocols, the accident could have been avoided.
Sekiranya pasukan itu mematuhi protokol keselamatan pada awalnya, kemalangan ini sepatutnya dapat dielakkan.
EN: The phrase 'beyond our reach' is an idiomatic expression meaning 'unattainable' or 'impossible to achieve'. In this context, it emphasizes the technical limitations that would exist without CRISPR technology.
Bahasa Melayu: Frasa 'beyond our reach' ialah ungkapan idiomatik yang bermaksud "di luar kemampuan" atau "tidak dapat dicapai". Dalam konteks ini, ia menekankan keterbatasan teknologi manusia sekiranya tiada teknologi CRISPR.
Without a scholarship, studying abroad would be beyond his reach.
Tanpa biasiswa, belajar di luar negara akan menjadi sesuatu yang mustahil baginya.
EN: The past participle phrase 'found in bacteria' acts as a reduced relative clause (which are found in bacteria), modifying the noun 'systems'. This is a concise way to provide additional information about a noun.
Bahasa Melayu: Frasa partisipel lampau 'found in bacteria' berfungsi sebagai klausa relatif terkurang (asalnya which are found in bacteria) untuk menerangkan kata nama 'systems'. Ini ialah cara yang ringkas untuk memberikan maklumat tambahan tentang kata nama.
The chemicals found in this plant are used to treat malaria.
Bahan kimia yang ditemui dalam tumbuhan ini digunakan untuk merawat malaria.
EN: The sentence refers to the origin of CRISPR-Cas9, which was discovered as a natural defense mechanism in bacteria against viral infections. This biological context is essential for understanding why the text mentions 'naturally occurring editing systems'.
EN: Inversion in First Conditional: The sentence uses 'Should' at the beginning to replace 'If' (If regulatory bodies should approve...). This formal inversion is common in academic, legal, or professional contexts to express a hypothetical possibility that is slightly less certain or more formal than a standard 'if' clause.
Bahasa Melayu: Songsangan dalam ayat bersyarat jenis pertama: Ayat ini menggunakan 'Should' di awal ayat untuk menggantikan 'If' (ayat asal: If regulatory bodies should approve...). Struktur songsang formal ini lazim dalam konteks akademik, undang-undang, atau profesional untuk menyatakan kemungkinan andaian, dan ia lebih formal serta sedikit lebih sopan berbanding klausa 'if' standard.
Should you require further assistance, please do not hesitate to contact our customer service department.
Sekiranya anda memerlukan bantuan lanjut, sila hubungi jabatan perkhidmatan pelanggan kami pada bila-bila masa.
EN: The use of 'could' for hypothetical possibility: In the main clause, 'could' is used instead of 'will' to indicate a potential outcome that depends on the condition being met. It suggests a strong possibility but maintains a degree of scientific or professional caution.
Bahasa Melayu: Penggunaan 'could' untuk kemungkinan hipotetikal: Dalam klausa utama, 'could' digunakan dan bukannya 'will' untuk menunjukkan hasil yang berpotensi bergantung kepada sama ada syarat dipenuhi. Ini membayangkan kemungkinan yang kuat sambil mengekalkan nada berhati-hati dalam konteks saintifik atau profesional.
Implementing these new safety protocols could significantly reduce workplace accidents.
Melaksanakan protokol keselamatan baharu ini mungkin dapat mengurangkan kemalangan di tempat kerja dengan ketara.
EN: Adverbial placement for emphasis: The adverb 'fundamentally' is placed before the verb 'reshape' to emphasize the depth and extent of the change. This 'Adverb + Verb' collocation is typical in formal writing to modify the intensity of an action.
Bahasa Melayu: Penempatan adverba untuk penekanan: Adverba 'fundamentally' (secara asasnya) diletakkan sebelum kata kerja 'reshape' (membentuk semula) untuk menekankan kedalaman dan tahap perubahan. Gabungan "adverba + kata kerja" ini sangat tipikal dalam penulisan formal untuk mengubah suai intensiti tindakan.
The internet has fundamentally changed the way we communicate with one another.
Internet telah mengubah secara asasnya cara kita berkomunikasi antara satu sama lain.
EN: The term 'regulatory bodies' refers to government agencies (like the FDA in the US or EFSA in the EU) that oversee food safety. The sentence reflects the ongoing global debate regarding the safety and legal status of CRISPR-edited crops compared to traditional GMOs.
EN: The conjunctive adverb 'however' is used here as a parenthetical insertion. When placed between the subject-verb complex and the subordinate clause, it creates a formal, measured tone and emphasizes the contrast with preceding information.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata hubung adverba "however" digunakan di sini sebagai sisipan dalam kurungan. Apabila ia diletakkan di antara struktur subjek-kata kerja dan klausa, ia mewujudkan nada yang formal dan berhati-hati, serta menekankan kontras dengan maklumat sebelumnya.
The results are promising; they suggest, however, that more testing is required.
Keputusan itu amat menggalakkan; bagaimanapun, keputusan tersebut menunjukkan bahawa lebih banyak ujian diperlukan.
EN: The 'that-clause' functions as a noun clause serving as the direct object of the reporting verb 'cautioned'. This structure is essential for reporting opinions, warnings, or findings in academic and journalistic registers.
Bahasa Melayu: Klausa 'that' berfungsi sebagai klausa nama yang menjadi objek langsung bagi kata kerja pelapor "cautioned". Struktur ini penting dalam wacana akademik dan kewartawanan untuk menyampaikan pendapat, amaran, atau hasil kajian.
The report concluded that climate change poses a significant threat to biodiversity.
Laporan itu membuat kesimpulan bahawa perubahan iklim merupakan ancaman besar kepada biodiversiti.
EN: The adjective 'essential' is a strong synonym for 'necessary' or 'indispensable'. In C1 level English, using such precise vocabulary conveys a higher degree of urgency and importance than basic adjectives.
Bahasa Melayu: Adjektif "essential" ialah sinonim yang kuat bagi "necessary" atau "indispensable". Dalam bahasa Inggeris peringkat C1, penggunaan perkataan yang tepat seperti ini menyampaikan tahap keperluan dan kepentingan yang lebih tinggi berbanding adjektif asas.
Clear communication is essential for the success of any collaborative project.
Komunikasi yang jelas adalah penting untuk kejayaan mana-mana projek kolaboratif.
EN: In scientific and academic discourse, experts often use hedging language (like 'cautioned' and 'essential before') to avoid making absolute claims. This reflects the scientific principle of peer review and the need for rigorous verification before new technologies are implemented.
EN: Negative Inversion: When a sentence begins with a negative expression like 'Not only', the auxiliary verb (does/do/did/is/are) is placed before the subject. This structure is used for emphasis and is common in formal or academic writing.
Bahasa Melayu: Songsangan negatif: Apabila ayat bermula dengan ungkapan negatif seperti 'Not only', kata bantu (seperti does/do/did/is/are) mesti diletakkan sebelum subjek. Struktur ini digunakan untuk menguatkan penekanan dan lazim dalam penulisan formal atau akademik.
Not only did she complete the project on time, but she also exceeded the budget expectations.
Bukan sahaja dia menyiapkan projek itu tepat pada masanya, malah dia melebihi jangkaan bajet.
EN: The correlative conjunction 'Not only... but (also)...' connects two parallel clauses or phrases. In formal contexts, 'also' can be omitted or moved to a different position within the second clause.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata hubung korelatif 'Not only... but (also)...' digunakan untuk menghubungkan dua klausa atau frasa yang selari. Dalam konteks formal, 'also' boleh digugurkan atau dialihkan ke kedudukan lain dalam klausa kedua.
The new policy not only improves efficiency but also reduces operational costs.
Dasar baharu itu bukan sahaja meningkatkan kecekapan, tetapi juga mengurangkan kos operasi.
EN: The use of the gerund 'safeguarding' after the preposition 'in' functions as an adverbial phrase of purpose or domain, explaining in what specific area the 'potential' exists.
Bahasa Melayu: Penggunaan gerund 'safeguarding' selepas kata sendi 'in' berfungsi sebagai frasa adverba yang menunjukkan tujuan atau bidang, menjelaskan dalam bidang khusus yang manakah "potensi" tersebut wujud.
The government is invested in promoting renewable energy sources.
Kerajaan komited untuk mempromosikan tenaga boleh diperbaharui.
EN: The sentence reflects the high register of scientific journalism, where complex grammatical structures like inversion and precise verbs (underscores, represent) are used to convey authority and nuance. CRISPR technology is a major topic in global ethics and science debates, often discussed in terms of 'safeguarding' versus 'interfering' with nature.
Kosa kata utama dengan sebutan IPA, definisi, contoh ayat, dan kuiz interaktif.
Frasa dengan label jenis, definisi dwibahasa, nota penggunaan, dan contoh ayat.
Deep and far-reaching consequences or effects.
Implikasi yang mendalam
Done with extreme accuracy and control, like a surgeon performing an operation.
Impossible to achieve or obtain.
Di luar jangkauan; mustahil untuk dicapai
Public authorities or government agencies responsible for exercising autonomous authority over some area of human activity in a regulatory or supervisory capacity.
Badan kawal selia
To emphasize or show clearly that something has the possibility to develop or succeed.
Menekankan potensi
Asparagine that exists as a single amino acid molecule rather than being bonded within a protein chain.
Asparagina bebas
Specific groups of wheat plants that have been bred to have uniform genetic characteristics.
Titisan gandum
Experiments conducted in a real-world environment (like a farm) rather than under controlled laboratory conditions.
Ujian lapangan
The total amount of an agricultural product harvested per unit of land area.
Hasil tanaman
A series of chemical reactions occurring within a cell to achieve a specific biological result.
Laluan biokimia