Issey Miyake: From Ashes to ArtIssey Miyake: Daripada Abu kepada Seni
Pratonton Audio Lengkap
0:00
0:00
← Pelajaran SebelumnyaHayao Miyazaki: Spirited Away ke arah KeagunganPelajaran Seterusnya →Issey Miyake: Sehelai Kain
EN: Appositive Phrase: A noun or noun phrase placed next to another noun to identify or rename it. Here, 'a city...' renames 'Hiroshima'.
Bahasa Melayu: Frasa Apositif: Kata nama atau frasa kata nama yang diletakkan bersebelahan dengan kata nama lain untuk mengenal pasti atau menamakan semula kata nama tersebut. Di sini, 'a city...' mentakrifkan semula 'Hiroshima'.
Paris, the capital of France, is known for its art.
Paris, ibu negara Perancis, terkenal dengan seninya.
EN: Relative Clause with 'that': Used to provide essential or additional information about a noun. 'That would forever shape his life' describes the city.
Bahasa Melayu: Klausa Relatif dengan 'that': Digunakan untuk memberikan maklumat penting atau tambahan tentang kata nama. 'that would forever shape his life' menerangkan bandar tersebut.
He wrote a book that changed my perspective.
Dia menulis sebuah buku yang mengubah pandangan saya.
EN: Hiroshima is deeply tied to the history of World War II. For Issey Miyake, surviving the atomic bomb was a pivotal experience that influenced his design philosophy of 'making things' (monozukuri) as a way of moving toward hope and creation rather than destruction.
EN: The conjunction 'When' is used to introduce a subordinate clause (adverbial clause of time) that indicates the specific time an action occurred in the past.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata hubung 'When' digunakan untuk memperkenalkan klausa subordinat (klausa adverba masa), untuk menandakan titik masa tertentu apabila sesuatu tindakan berlaku pada masa lalu.
When the bell rang, the students left the classroom.
Apabila loceng berbunyi, para pelajar meninggalkan bilik darjah.
EN: The word 'just' is used as an adverb here to emphasize a small number or a young age, meaning 'only'.
Bahasa Melayu: Perkataan 'just' di sini digunakan sebagai adverba untuk menekankan bilangan yang kecil atau usia yang muda, bermaksud 'hanya' atau 'sekadar'.
She was just a child when she started playing the piano.
Dia baru berusia kanak-kanak apabila mula bermain piano.
EN: The atomic bombing of Hiroshima in 1945 is a pivotal event in world history and Japanese identity. For Issey Miyake, being a 'hibakusha' (atomic bomb survivor) deeply influenced his design philosophy, leading him to focus on creation and life rather than destruction.
EN: The Passive Voice (be + past participle) is used when the subject is the recipient of the action. Here, 'was exposed' indicates that the radiation affected him, rather than him performing an action.
Bahasa Melayu: Suara Pasif (kata kerja be + partisipel lampau) digunakan apabila subjek ialah penerima tindakan. Di sini, 'was exposed' menunjukkan bahawa dia terdedah kepada radiasi, bukan dia yang melakukan tindakan secara aktif.
The skin was exposed to direct sunlight for hours.
Kulit terdedah kepada cahaya matahari langsung selama beberapa jam.
EN: The coordinating conjunction 'but' is used to connect two independent clauses that show a contrast or an unexpected result.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata hubung koordinat 'but' digunakan untuk menghubungkan dua klausa bebas yang mempunyai hubungan pertentangan atau menunjukkan hasil yang tidak dijangka.
She studied hard, but she didn't pass the exam.
Dia belajar bersungguh-sungguh, tetapi gagal dalam peperiksaan.
EN: This sentence refers to the 1945 atomic bombing of Hiroshima. The term 'radiation sickness' (mentioned in context) and 'effects of radiation' are deeply tied to the historical trauma of Japan and influenced Issey Miyake's later philosophy of creating 'life-giving' rather than 'destructive' designs.
EN: The phrasal verb 'die from' is used to indicate the cause of death, typically referring to external factors, injuries, or specific diseases like radiation sickness.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata kerja frasa 'die from' digunakan untuk menunjukkan punca kematian, biasanya merujuk kepada faktor luaran, kecederaan, atau penyakit tertentu (seperti penyakit radiasi).
Many people died from the flu during the cold winter.
Ramai orang mati akibat selesema pada musim sejuk yang sejuk.
EN: Sentence Adverbs: Words like 'Tragically' function as sentence adverbs, which modify the entire clause to express the speaker's attitude or evaluation of the event.
Bahasa Melayu: Adverba Ayat: Perkataan seperti 'Tragically' berfungsi sebagai adverba ayat, yang menerangkan keseluruhan klausa, untuk menyatakan sikap atau penilaian penutur terhadap peristiwa tersebut.
Fortunately, no one was injured in the accident.
Nasib baik, tiada siapa yang cedera dalam kemalangan itu.
EN: Radiation sickness refers to the acute health effects caused by exposure to high amounts of ionizing radiation, a central theme in the post-war history of Hiroshima and Nagasaki survivors (Hibakusha).
EN: The preposition 'Despite' is used to express contrast. It must be followed by a noun, a noun phrase, or a gerund (V-ing), rather than a full clause with a subject and verb.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata sendi 'Despite' digunakan untuk menyatakan pertentangan (walaupun). Ia mesti diikuti oleh kata nama, frasa kata nama, atau gerund (V-ing), dan tidak boleh diikuti oleh klausa lengkap yang mengandungi subjek dan kata kerja.
Despite the heavy rain, they decided to go for a hike.
Walaupun hujan lebat, mereka tetap memutuskan untuk mendaki.
EN: The causative verb 'let' is followed by an object and the bare infinitive (the base form of the verb without 'to'). It means to allow or permit something to happen.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata kerja kausatif 'let' diikuti oleh objek dan kata kerja bentuk dasar (infinitif tanpa 'to'). Ia bermaksud membenarkan atau membiarkan sesuatu berlaku.
Please let me know if you need any help.
Jika anda memerlukan sebarang bantuan, sila beritahu saya.
EN: The atomic bombing of Hiroshima in 1945 is a pivotal event in Japanese history. For many survivors (known as 'hibakusha'), the trauma was a lifelong burden. Issey Miyake's choice to focus on 'creation' rather than 'destruction' reflects a common post-war Japanese theme of resilience and looking toward the future.
EN: The phrase 'Instead of' is a prepositional phrase used to indicate that something is being replaced by something else. It is followed by a gerund (V-ing) or a noun. 'Dwell on' is a phrasal verb meaning to spend a lot of time thinking or talking about something unpleasant.
Bahasa Melayu: Frasa 'Instead of' ialah frasa sendi yang digunakan untuk menunjukkan bahawa sesuatu digantikan oleh perkara lain. Ia diikuti oleh gerund (V-ing) atau kata nama. 'Dwell on' ialah kata kerja frasa yang bermaksud menghabiskan banyak masa untuk memikirkan atau membincangkan perkara yang tidak menyenangkan (berlarutan dalam).
Instead of complaining about the weather, we decided to have a picnic indoors.
Kami memutuskan untuk berkelah di dalam rumah, bukannya mengeluh tentang cuaca.
EN: The phrase 'look towards' means to think about or plan for something in the future. Combined with 'with optimism' (a prepositional phrase acting as an adverb), it describes the manner in which the subject views the future.
Bahasa Melayu: 'Look towards' bermaksud memikirkan atau merancang sesuatu untuk masa hadapan. Digabungkan dengan 'with optimism' (frasa sendi yang berfungsi sebagai adverba), ia menerangkan sikap atau cara subjek melihat masa depan (dengan optimis).
The company is looking towards the next decade with confidence.
Syarikat itu memandang ke hadapan dengan penuh keyakinan untuk dekad yang akan datang.
EN: Issey Miyake's resilience is a common theme in Japanese post-war narratives. Despite the trauma of Hiroshima, many survivors (Hibakusha) and their descendants focused on rebuilding and innovation, contributing to Japan's rapid modernization and global cultural influence.
EN: Present Participle Phrase (V-ing): Used here as a 'result' or 'simultaneous action' to provide more information about the main clause. It shows that the development of skills happened as a direct result of his studies.
Bahasa Melayu: Frasa Partisipel Kini (V-ing): Digunakan di sini sebagai 'hasil' atau 'tindakan serentak', memberikan maklumat tambahan kepada klausa utama. Ini menunjukkan bahawa pembangunan kemahiran adalah hasil langsung daripada pembelajarannya.
She spent hours in the library, preparing for her final exams.
Dia menghabiskan berjam-jam di perpustakaan, bersedia untuk peperiksaan akhir.
EN: Prepositional Phrases for Location: The sentence uses 'at' for a specific institution (Tama Art University) and 'in' for a larger geographical area (Tokyo).
Bahasa Melayu: Frasa Sendi untuk Lokasi: Ayat ini menggunakan 'at' untuk institusi tertentu (Universiti Seni Tama) dan 'in' untuk kawasan geografi yang lebih besar (Tokyo).
He works at a tech company in Silicon Valley.
Dia bekerja di sebuah syarikat teknologi di Silicon Valley.
EN: Tama Art University (Tamabi) is one of the most prestigious art schools in Japan. Many world-renowned designers and artists, including Issey Miyake, have graduated from here, making it a central hub for Japanese modern design history.
EN: The sentence uses a 'Participle Phrase' (seeing...) as a secondary clause to describe an action happening simultaneously with the main verb, or to provide additional information about the subject.
Bahasa Melayu: Ayat ini menggunakan 'Frasa Partisipel' (seeing...) sebagai klausa sekunder untuk menerangkan tindakan yang berlaku serentak dengan kata kerja klausa utama, atau untuk memberikan maklumat tambahan tentang subjek.
She walked out of the room, feeling much better.
Dia keluar dari bilik, berasa lebih baik.
EN: The phrase 'beyond mere' is used to emphasize that something has a much greater value or significance than a simple or basic level.
Bahasa Melayu: Frasa 'beyond mere' digunakan untuk menekankan bahawa nilai atau kepentingan sesuatu jauh melebihi aspek yang mudah atau asas.
The project was a success beyond mere profit.
Kejayaan projek ini bukan sekadar keuntungan semata-mata.
EN: Issey Miyake is known for bridging the gap between Western high fashion and Japanese functional design. The phrase 'beyond mere luxury' reflects his philosophy that clothing should be practical and artistic for everyone, not just an expensive status symbol.
EN: The 'not A, but B' structure is a correlative conjunction used to contrast two ideas, emphasizing that the second part (B) is the correct or intended one instead of the first part (A).
Bahasa Melayu: Struktur 'not A, but B' ialah kata hubung korelatif yang digunakan untuk membezakan dua idea, menekankan bahawa bahagian kedua (B) adalah yang betul atau dijangka, bukan bahagian pertama (A).
Success is not about luck, but about hard work.
Kejayaan bukan terletak pada nasib, tetapi pada usaha.
EN: The past participle 'accessible' functions as an adjective here, followed by the preposition 'to' to indicate who can reach or use something.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata sifat 'accessible' di sini menerangkan kata nama sebelumnya, diikuti oleh kata sendi 'to' untuk menunjukkan siapa yang boleh mengakses atau menggunakan sesuatu.
The library is accessible to all students.
Perpustakaan ini terbuka kepada semua pelajar.
EN: Issey Miyake was known for his 'A-POC' (A Piece of Cloth) concept, which aimed to democratize fashion by using technology to create affordable, mass-produced yet artistic clothing. This sentence reflects his philosophy of breaking down the barriers of high fashion.
EN: The sentence uses a 'Noun Clause' as the direct object of the verb 'believed'. The conjunction 'that' is omitted (He believed [that] clothing could...). This is common in informal and semi-formal English when the meaning remains clear.
Bahasa Melayu: Ayat ini menggunakan 'Klausa Kata Nama' sebagai objek langsung bagi kata kerja 'believed'. Kata hubung 'that' di sini digugurkan (He believed [that] clothing could...), yang sangat biasa dalam bahasa Inggeris formal atau separa formal, selagi maknanya jelas.
She believed hard work would eventually pay off.
Dia percaya bahawa usaha akhirnya akan membuahkan hasil.
EN: The phrase 'all walks of life' is an idiomatic expression referring to people from various social backgrounds, occupations, or economic statuses.
Bahasa Melayu: Frasa 'all walks of life' ialah ungkapan idiomatik yang merujuk kepada orang daripada pelbagai latar belakang sosial, pekerjaan, atau status ekonomi, biasanya diterjemahkan sebagai 'pelbagai lapisan masyarakat' atau 'semua peringkat masyarakat'.
The festival attracts people from all walks of life.
Perayaan ini menarik orang daripada pelbagai lapisan masyarakat.
EN: Issey Miyake was known for his 'Pleats Please' line and the concept of 'A Piece of Cloth,' which aimed to make high-end design practical and universal. This sentence reflects his democratic philosophy of fashion, contrasting with the traditional exclusivity of European haute couture.
EN: Past Participle Phrase as a Modifier: The sentence begins with 'Driven by...', which is a past participle phrase acting as an adjective to describe the subject (Issey Miyake). It indicates a cause or state.
Bahasa Melayu: Frasa Partisipel Lampau sebagai Penerang: Ayat ini bermula dengan 'Driven by...', iaitu frasa partisipel lampau yang berfungsi sebagai kata sifat untuk menerangkan subjek (Issey Miyake). Ia menunjukkan sebab atau keadaan.
Inspired by the movie, she decided to become a director.
Terinspirasi oleh filem itu, dia memutuskan untuk menjadi seorang pengarah.
EN: Infinitive of Purpose: The phrase 'to pursue his dreams' uses the 'to + verb' (infinitive) structure to explain the reason or goal behind the main action (moving to Paris).
Bahasa Melayu: Infinitif Tujuan: Frasa 'to pursue his dreams' menggunakan struktur 'to + kata kerja' (infinitif) untuk menerangkan sebab atau matlamat di sebalik tindakan klausa utama (berpindah ke Paris).
He saved money to buy a new car.
Dia menyimpan wang untuk membeli kereta baharu.
EN: Paris has long been considered the global capital of fashion. For an aspiring designer in the mid-20th century, moving to Paris was a essential step to master 'haute couture' (high fashion) and gain international recognition.
EN: The preposition 'as' is used here to indicate a role, function, or profession. It is followed by a noun phrase describing the capacity in which someone acts.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata sendi 'as' digunakan di sini untuk menunjukkan peranan, fungsi, atau profesion. Ia diikuti oleh frasa kata nama yang menerangkan peranan seseorang dalam melakukan sesuatu aktiviti.
She worked as a volunteer at the local hospital.
Dia berkhidmat sebagai sukarelawan di hospital tempatan.
EN: The preposition 'like' is used to introduce examples. It functions similarly to 'such as' to list specific instances of a general category (in this case, legendary designers).
Bahasa Melayu: Kata sendi 'like' digunakan untuk memperkenalkan contoh. Fungsinya serupa dengan 'such as', iaitu untuk menyenaraikan contoh konkrit dalam kategori tertentu (di sini, pereka legenda).
He enjoys outdoor sports like hiking and cycling.
Dia suka aktiviti luar seperti mendaki dan berbasikal.
EN: Givenchy and Guy Laroche are iconic French fashion houses. In the mid-20th century, Paris was the undisputed center of 'Haute Couture' (high fashion), and for a Japanese designer like Miyake, apprenticing there was essential for mastering traditional garment construction before innovating his own style.
EN: The Present Participle Phrase (V-ing) is used here as a result or a simultaneous action. 'Mastering' functions as a reduced relative clause or a participial phrase that describes the outcome or an accompanying action of the main verb 'learned'.
Bahasa Melayu: Frasa Partisipel Kini (V-ing) digunakan di sini sebagai hasil atau tindakan yang mengiringi. 'Mastering' sebagai frasa partisipel menerangkan hasil atau keadaan serentak bagi kata kerja utama 'learned', menjadikan struktur ayat lebih ringkas.
She spent hours in the library, preparing for her final exams.
Dia menghabiskan berjam-jam di perpustakaan, bersedia untuk peperiksaan akhir.
EN: The Past Simple Tense is used to describe completed actions in the past. In this sentence, 'learned' indicates a specific educational period in Issey Miyake's life that has already concluded.
Bahasa Melayu: Masa Lampau Mudah digunakan untuk menerangkan tindakan yang telah selesai pada masa lalu. Dalam ayat ini, 'learned' menunjukkan tempoh pembelajaran tertentu yang telah berakhir dalam kehidupan Issey Miyake.
He moved to London in 2010 and started his own business.
Dia berpindah ke London pada tahun 2010 dan memulakan perniagaannya sendiri.
EN: 'Haute couture' is a French term meaning 'high sewing' or 'high fashion.' It refers to the creation of exclusive, custom-fitted clothing, constructed by hand from start to finish. In the fashion world, mastering these techniques in Paris is considered the pinnacle of professional training.
EN: The sentence uses a Noun Clause starting with 'that' as the direct object of the verb 'felt'. A noun clause functions as a noun and contains its own subject and verb.
Bahasa Melayu: Ayat ini menggunakan Klausa Kata Nama yang bermula dengan 'that' sebagai objek langsung bagi kata kerja 'felt'. Klausa kata nama berfungsi seperti kata nama dan mengandungi subjek dan kata kerja yang lengkap.
She felt that the project needed more time.
Dia merasakan bahawa projek ini memerlukan lebih banyak masa.
EN: The Past Continuous Tense ('was missing') is used here to describe a state or ongoing feeling within a past context, emphasizing the nature of the situation at that time.
Bahasa Melayu: Masa Lampau Berterusan ('was missing') digunakan di sini untuk menerangkan keadaan atau perasaan yang berterusan dalam latar belakang masa lalu, menekankan sifat keadaan pada masa itu.
I realized a page was missing from the book.
Saya mendapati bahawa buku ini kehilangan satu halaman.
EN: 'High fashion' (haute couture) traditionally refers to custom-fitted, high-end fashion design that is often expensive and exclusive. Issey Miyake's realization reflects his later move toward 'pleats' and functional art that challenged these traditional, often rigid, European standards.
EN: The past participle phrase 'focused on...' acts as an adjective modifying the noun 'clothes'. It describes the state or characteristic of the clothes.
Bahasa Melayu: Frasa partisipel lampau 'focused on...' di sini berfungsi sebagai kata sifat yang menerangkan kata nama 'clothes' (pakaian), untuk menerangkan ciri atau tumpuan pakaian tersebut.
The company launched a project focused on renewable energy.
Syarikat itu melancarkan projek yang memberi tumpuan kepada tenaga boleh diperbaharui.
EN: The structure 'not just A' is used to contrast a primary focus with a secondary or limited one, often implying that the first part is more important or comprehensive.
Bahasa Melayu: Struktur 'not just A' digunakan untuk membezakan tumpuan utama dengan pandangan sekunder atau terhad, biasanya membayangkan bahawa bahagian pertama (dalam ayat ini, pergerakan dan kebebasan) adalah lebih penting atau menyeluruh daripada bahagian kedua (bentuk statik).
Success is about hard work, not just luck.
Kejayaan adalah tentang usaha, bukan sekadar nasib.
EN: Issey Miyake was famous for his 'A-POC' (A Piece of Cloth) concept and his pleats, which revolutionized fashion by prioritizing how fabric moves with the human body, contrasting with the structured, rigid tailoring of traditional Western haute couture.
Kosa kata utama dengan sebutan IPA, definisi, contoh ayat, dan kuiz interaktif.
Dalam konteks: Kemusnahan yang meluas dan kehancuran
Dalam konteks: Terdedah kepada (bahan berbahaya atau persekitaran)
Dalam konteks: Trauma psikologi atau pengalaman yang menyakitkan
Dalam konteks: Optimisme; pandangan positif terhadap masa depan
Dalam konteks: Potensi; kemungkinan untuk berkembang
Dalam konteks: Mudah diperoleh; untuk orang ramai
Dalam konteks: Memberi kuasa; menjadikan lebih berdikari
Dalam konteks: Perantis; pelatih
Dalam konteks: Sangat rumit dan halus
Dalam konteks: Statik; tidak berubah
Frasa dengan label jenis, definisi dwibahasa, nota penggunaan, dan contoh ayat.
To think or speak about something for a long time, especially something unpleasant.
Terus memikirkan; terpaku pada
People from various backgrounds, social classes, or professions.
Pelbagai lapisan masyarakat; semua golongan
A possession that is taken to indicate a person's high social or professional status.
Simbol status
Expensive, trendy, and artistic clothing produced by leading fashion houses.
Fesyen mewah
The art or profession of visual communication that combines images, words, and ideas to convey information.
Reka bentuk grafik
A form or appearance that is fixed, showing no movement or change.
Bentuk statik