Civic ParticipationPenyertaan Sivik
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EN: Passive Voice (be + past participle): This structure is used when the focus is on the action or the receiver of the action rather than the performer. In this sentence, 'is considered' emphasizes how the right is perceived by society.
Bahasa Melayu: Suara Pasif (be + past participle): Struktur ini digunakan apabila tumpuan adalah pada tindakan itu sendiri atau penerima tindakan, bukan pelaku. Dalam ayat ini, 'is considered' menekankan bagaimana hak ini dilihat oleh masyarakat umum.
The new policy is considered a major step toward equality.
Dasar baharu ini dianggap sebagai langkah penting ke arah kesaksamaan.
EN: Compound Subject with Infinitive Phrases: The subject of the main clause consists of two infinitive phrases ('to vote' and 'participate') linked by 'and', which together define the 'ability' being discussed.
Bahasa Melayu: Subjek Majmuk dengan Frasa Infinitif: Subjek klausa utama terdiri daripada dua frasa infinitif yang disambungkan oleh 'and' ('to vote' dan 'participate'), yang bersama-sama mentakrifkan 'keupayaan' yang dibincangkan.
The ability to read and write is essential for modern life.
Kebolehan membaca dan menulis adalah penting untuk kehidupan moden.
EN: In Western democratic theory, the 'ability to vote' is often framed as a 'fundamental right' rather than a privilege. This reflects the Enlightenment values that underpin many modern constitutions, emphasizing that sovereignty resides in the people.
EN: Relative Clauses (Adjective Clauses): The word 'who' introduces a relative clause that modifies the noun 'Citizens'. This clause provides essential information about which specific citizens are being discussed.
Bahasa Melayu: Klausa Relatif (Klausa Adjektif): Perkataan 'who' memperkenalkan klausa relatif untuk menerangkan kata nama 'Citizens' (warganegara). Klausa ini memberikan maklumat penting tentang warganegara tertentu yang dibincangkan.
Students who study hard usually get good grades.
Pelajar yang belajar bersungguh-sungguh biasanya mendapat keputusan yang baik.
EN: Subject-Verb Agreement with Complex Subjects: In this sentence, the main subject is 'Citizens' (plural), so the main verb is 'help' (base form). The relative clause 'who engage in civic activities' does not change the plural nature of the subject.
Bahasa Melayu: Persetujuan Subjek-Kata Kerja dengan Subjek Kompleks: Dalam ayat ini, subjek utama ialah 'Citizens' (jamak), oleh itu kata kerja utama ialah 'help' (bentuk asas). Klausa relatif 'who engage in civic activities' tidak mengubah sifat jamak subjek.
People who live in glass houses should not throw stones.
Orang yang tinggal di rumah kaca tidak sepatutnya membaling batu.
EN: In democratic societies, 'civic activities' refers to a broad range of actions beyond just voting, such as volunteering, attending town halls, or local organizing. This sentence reflects the Western democratic ideal of 'active citizenship'.
EN: The preposition 'Without' is used here to introduce a conditional situation (similar to 'If there is no...'), often followed by a noun phrase to describe a lack of something necessary.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata sendi 'Without' digunakan di sini untuk memperkenalkan keadaan bersyarat (serupa dengan "jika tiada..."), diikuti oleh frasa kata nama, untuk menerangkan situasi kekurangan sesuatu yang perlu.
Without your help, we cannot finish the project on time.
Tanpa bantuan anda, kami tidak dapat menyiapkan projek ini tepat pada masanya.
EN: The modal verb 'may' followed by a base verb ('fail') expresses a possibility or a potential negative outcome in the future or general truth.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata kerja modal 'may' diikuti oleh kata kerja dasar ('fail') menyatakan kemungkinan, atau hasil negatif yang mungkin berlaku pada masa hadapan atau sebagai kebenaran umum.
If you don't study, you may fail the exam.
Jika anda tidak belajar, anda mungkin gagal dalam peperiksaan.
EN: In Western democratic discourse, 'ordinary people' or 'grassroots' participation is often emphasized as the moral foundation of government legitimacy. The sentence reflects the civic value that democracy is a 'bottom-up' process rather than just 'top-down' administration.
EN: Gerund as Subject: The word 'understanding' is a gerund (a verb ending in -ing that functions as a noun). In this sentence, it acts as the head of the subject phrase, representing an abstract concept or action.
Bahasa Melayu: Gerund sebagai Subjek: Perkataan 'understanding' ialah gerund (kata kerja yang berakhir dengan -ing dan berfungsi sebagai kata nama). Dalam ayat ini, ia menjadi teras frasa subjek, mewakili konsep atau tindakan abstrak.
Learning a new language opens up many career opportunities.
Mempelajari bahasa baharu membuka banyak peluang kerjaya.
EN: Noun Clause with 'How to': The phrase 'how to get involved' is an infinitive phrase used as a noun clause. It functions as the object of the gerund 'understanding', specifying what needs to be understood.
Bahasa Melayu: Klausa Kata Nama dengan 'How to': Frasa 'how to get involved' ialah frasa infinitif yang berfungsi sebagai kata nama. Ia menjadi objek kepada gerund 'understanding', menjelaskan secara khusus perkara yang perlu difahami.
She explained how to solve the complex math problem.
Dia menerangkan cara untuk menyelesaikan masalah matematik yang rumit itu.
EN: In Western democratic discourse, 'civic duty' and being a 'responsible citizen' are emphasized as the foundation of a stable government. The sentence reflects the value placed on individual agency and the belief that education/understanding is the first step toward effective participation.
EN: The coordinating conjunction 'yet' is used to connect two independent clauses, indicating a contrast or surprise, similar to 'but' but often more formal.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata hubung koordinat 'yet' digunakan untuk menyambungkan dua klausa bebas, menunjukkan kontras atau situasi yang tidak dijangka, dengan nada yang lebih formal daripada 'but'.
The weather was cold and rainy, yet they decided to go for a hike.
Cuaca sejuk dan hujan, namun mereka tetap memutuskan untuk mendaki.
EN: The phrase 'the most recognized' uses the superlative form of the adjective 'recognized'. For long adjectives, 'the most' is placed before the word to indicate the highest degree.
Bahasa Melayu: Frasa 'the most recognized' menggunakan bentuk superlatif bagi adjektif 'recognized'. Untuk adjektif panjang bersuku kata banyak, 'the most' ditambah di hadapan perkataan untuk menunjukkan tahap tertinggi.
This is the most beautiful painting in the entire gallery.
Ini ialah lukisan yang paling cantik di seluruh galeri.
EN: In many Western democracies, 'civic participation' is a core value, yet 'voter turnout' (the percentage of eligible voters who actually cast a ballot) varies significantly and is often a subject of intense political debate.
EN: Present Perfect Continuous Tense: Formed with 'has/have been + -ing', this tense describes an action that started in the past and is still continuing or has just finished, emphasizing the duration and ongoing nature of the process.
Bahasa Melayu: Kala Kini Sempurna Berterusan: Dibentuk dengan 'has/have been + -ing', kala ini digunakan untuk menerangkan tindakan yang bermula pada masa lalu dan berterusan sehingga kini, menekankan kesinambungan proses dan keadaan yang tidak tergendala.
The global temperature has been rising steadily since the industrial revolution.
Suhu global telah meningkat secara stabil sejak Revolusi Perindustrian.
EN: Prepositional Phrases for Time: The phrase 'over the past few decades' uses 'over' to indicate a duration of time during which a trend or change occurs.
Bahasa Melayu: Frasa Kata Sendi untuk Masa: Frasa 'over the past few decades' menggunakan kata sendi 'over' untuk menunjukkan bahawa sesuatu trend atau perubahan berlaku secara berterusan dalam tempoh masa tersebut.
Technology has changed significantly over the last ten years.
Teknologi telah berubah secara ketara sepanjang dekad yang lalu.
EN: Voter turnout is a key indicator of the health of a democracy. In many Western nations, declining turnout among young people is a major topic of political debate, often leading to discussions about compulsory voting or digital voting options.
EN: Noun Clauses with 'that': The verbs 'suggests' and 'doubt' are followed by noun clauses starting with 'that'. These clauses function as the direct object of the verb, expressing the content of the suggestion or the doubt.
Bahasa Melayu: Klausa Kata Nama dengan 'that': Kata kerja 'suggests' (menunjukkan) dan 'doubt' (meragui) diikuti oleh klausa kata nama yang diperkenalkan oleh 'that'. Klausa-klausa ini berfungsi sebagai objek langsung kata kerja, untuk menyatakan kandungan cadangan atau keraguan secara khusus.
Many people believe that technology has improved our quality of life.
Ramai orang percaya bahawa teknologi telah meningkatkan kualiti hidup kita.
EN: Compound Predicate: The subject 'younger generations' is followed by two verbs connected by 'and' ('feel' and 'doubt'). This allows the sentence to describe multiple actions or states of the same subject efficiently.
Bahasa Melayu: Predikat Majmuk: Subjek 'younger generations' diikuti oleh dua kata kerja yang disambungkan oleh 'and' ('feel' dan 'doubt'). Ini membolehkan ayat menerangkan pelbagai tindakan atau keadaan subjek yang sama dengan berkesan.
She finished her homework and went to the park.
Dia menyiapkan kerja rumahnya dan pergi ke taman.
EN: The phrase 'make a difference' is a common idiomatic expression in democratic discourse, emphasizing that individual actions contribute to a larger positive change. The sentence reflects a widespread concern in Western democracies regarding youth voter apathy.
EN: Present Perfect Passive: Formed by 'have/has + been + past participle', it describes an action that happened at an unspecified time in the past and has a result in the present, emphasizing the receiver of the action.
Bahasa Melayu: Suara Pasif Present Perfect: Dibentuk oleh 'have/has + been + past participle', ia menerangkan tindakan yang berlaku pada masa lalu pada masa yang tidak spesifik dan memberi kesan kepada masa kini, sambil menekankan penerima tindakan.
The project has been completed by the team ahead of schedule.
Projek itu telah disiapkan oleh pasukan lebih awal.
EN: Present Participle as a Result Clause: The '-ing' phrase (proving...) is used here to show a logical result or consequence of the preceding main clause.
Bahasa Melayu: Partisipel kini sebagai Klausa Hasil: Frasa '-ing' (proving...) digunakan di sini untuk menunjukkan hasil atau akibat logik yang terhasil daripada klausa utama yang dinyatakan sebelum ini.
The heavy rain lasted for hours, causing severe flooding in the area.
Hujan lebat berterusan selama beberapa jam, menyebabkan banjir teruk di kawasan itu.
EN: The phrase 'every vote counts' is a common slogan in democratic societies, especially in the United States, used to encourage voter turnout by emphasizing that even in large-scale elections, individual participation can influence the outcome.
EN: Gerunds as Subjects and Objects: A gerund is the '-ing' form of a verb that functions as a noun. In this sentence, 'voting' acts as the object of the preposition 'Beyond', and 'attending' acts as the head of the subject phrase.
Bahasa Melayu: Gerund sebagai Subjek dan Objek: Gerund ialah bentuk '-ing' bagi kata kerja yang berfungsi seperti kata nama. Dalam ayat ini, 'voting' ialah objek kepada kata sendi 'Beyond', manakala 'attending' ialah teras frasa subjek.
Exercising regularly improves your physical health.
Senaman yang kerap boleh meningkatkan kesihatan fizikal anda.
EN: Subject-Verb Agreement with Gerund Phrases: When a gerund phrase (attending community meetings) acts as the subject, the verb must be singular ('offers'), even if the noun following the gerund is plural ('meetings').
Bahasa Melayu: Persetujuan Subjek-Kata Kerja dengan Frasa Gerund: Apabila frasa gerund (menghadiri mesyuarat komuniti) menjadi subjek, kata kerja mesti menggunakan bentuk tunggal ('offers'), walaupun kata nama selepas gerund adalah jamak ('meetings').
Reading books expands our knowledge.
Membaca buku dapat meluaskan pengetahuan kita.
EN: In many democratic societies, 'Town Hall Meetings' or community gatherings are a staple of local governance. They represent the grassroots level of democracy where ordinary citizens can directly question local officials, a concept deeply rooted in Western civic duty.
EN: The verb 'voice' is used here as a transitive verb meaning 'to express' or 'to give utterance to' feelings, opinions, or concerns. It is often used in formal or civic contexts.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata kerja 'voice' digunakan di sini sebagai kata kerja transitif yang bermaksud 'menyatakan' atau 'meluahkan' perasaan, pendapat atau kebimbangan. Ini sangat biasa dalam konteks perbincangan formal atau sivik.
Employees were encouraged to voice their suggestions during the meeting.
Pekerja digalakkan untuk menyuarakan cadangan mereka semasa mesyuarat.
EN: The phrase 'such as' is used to introduce specific examples that belong to a broader category (in this case, 'issues'). It is followed by a list of nouns or noun phrases.
Bahasa Melayu: Frasa 'such as' digunakan untuk memperkenalkan contoh khusus yang tergolong dalam kategori yang lebih luas (di sini, 'issues'). Ia diikuti oleh senarai kata nama atau frasa kata nama.
The store sells organic vegetables such as carrots, spinach, and kale.
Kedai ini menjual sayur-sayuran organik, seperti lobak merah, bayam dan kangkung.
EN: In many Western democracies, 'town hall meetings' or community gatherings are a standard way for local governments to maintain transparency and for citizens to directly influence local policy.
EN: Perfect Participle Phrase (Having + Past Participle): This structure is used to indicate that one action was completed before another action in the main clause. It functions as an adverbial phrase showing sequence or cause.
Bahasa Melayu: Frasa partisipel sempurna (Having + Past Participle): Struktur ini digunakan untuk menunjukkan bahawa sesuatu tindakan telah selesai sebelum tindakan dalam klausa utama. Ia berfungsi sebagai frasa adverba untuk menunjukkan urutan tindakan atau sebab.
Having finished the report, she turned off her computer.
Selepas menyiapkan laporan, dia mematikan komputernya.
EN: Adjective + To-Infinitive (Equipped to design): Certain adjectives describing ability or readiness are followed by an infinitive to specify the purpose or area of that ability.
Bahasa Melayu: Adjektif + Infinitif (Equipped to design): Sesetengah adjektif yang menerangkan keupayaan atau kesediaan diikuti oleh infinitif untuk menjelaskan tujuan atau bidang khusus keupayaan tersebut.
The team is well prepared to handle the crisis.
Pasukan itu telah bersedia sepenuhnya untuk menghadapi krisis tersebut.
EN: In democratic governance, 'community feedback' is a formal part of the policy-making process. Public hearings and town hall meetings are common in Western countries to ensure transparency and accountability.
EN: The structure 'provide an opportunity for [someone] to [do something]' is used to describe giving someone the chance to perform an action. Here, 'for neighbors' acts as the logical subject of the infinitive verbs 'to collaborate' and 'build'.
Bahasa Melayu: Struktur 'provide an opportunity for [seseorang] to [melakukan sesuatu]' digunakan untuk menerangkan pemberian peluang kepada seseorang untuk melakukan sesuatu tindakan. Di sini, 'for neighbors' berfungsi sebagai subjek logik untuk kata kerja infinitif 'to collaborate' dan 'build'.
The internship provides an opportunity for students to gain practical experience.
Latihan industri ini memberikan peluang kepada pelajar untuk mendapatkan pengalaman praktikal.
EN: Parallel structure with infinitives: When two or more verbs follow 'to', the 'to' is often omitted for the subsequent verbs. In this sentence, 'to' applies to both 'collaborate' and 'build' (to collaborate and [to] build).
Bahasa Melayu: Struktur selari dengan infinitif: Apabila dua atau lebih kata kerja mengikuti 'to', 'to' untuk kata kerja seterusnya selalunya digugurkan. Dalam ayat ini, 'to' digunakan untuk kedua-dua 'collaborate' dan 'build' (to collaborate and [to] build).
She wants to travel the world and meet new people.
Dia mahu mengembara ke seluruh dunia dan bertemu dengan rakan baharu.
EN: In many Western democratic societies, 'community meetings' or 'town hall meetings' are a staple of local governance, emphasizing the value of grassroots participation and direct dialogue between citizens and local leaders.
EN: The phrase 'whether... or...' is used to introduce a conditional clause that expresses two or more possibilities, indicating that the main statement remains true regardless of which alternative is chosen.
Bahasa Melayu: Klausa keterangan konsesif yang diperkenalkan oleh 'whether... or...' digunakan untuk menyatakan dua atau lebih kemungkinan, menunjukkan bahawa tanpa mengira keadaan mana yang berlaku, kandungan klausa utama tetap benar.
Whether it rains or shines, the football match will proceed as scheduled.
Sama ada hujan atau cerah, perlawanan bola sepak akan diteruskan seperti yang dirancang.
EN: The idiom 'play a role in' means to have an effect or influence on something. The word 'role' is often modified by adjectives like 'crucial', 'important', or 'significant'.
Bahasa Melayu: Ungkapan 'play a role in' bermaksud 'memainkan peranan dalam' atau 'memberi kesan kepada'. Kata nama 'role' selalunya didahului oleh adjektif seperti 'crucial' (sangat penting) atau 'significant' (ketara) untuk menerangkan tahap pengaruhnya.
Diet plays a crucial role in maintaining overall health.
Diet memainkan peranan yang sangat penting dalam mengekalkan kesihatan keseluruhan.
EN: In Western democratic theory, 'public discourse' refers to the open exchange of ideas necessary for a healthy society. The distinction between 'online' and 'in person' reflects modern concerns about how digital platforms affect the quality of political debate compared to traditional face-to-face meetings.
EN: Gerund as Subject: The sentence starts with 'Engaging', which is a gerund (verb + -ing acting as a noun). It functions as the subject of the sentence.
Bahasa Melayu: Gerund sebagai Subjek: Ayat bermula dengan 'Engaging', yang merupakan gerund (kata kerja + -ing yang digunakan sebagai kata nama), dan berfungsi sebagai subjek ayat.
Reading books broadens your horizons.
Membaca buku dapat membuka minda anda.
EN: Allow someone to do something: The verb 'allow' is followed by an object (individuals) and a 'to-infinitive' (to consider), indicating permission or possibility.
Bahasa Melayu: Allow someone to do something (membenarkan/membiarkan seseorang melakukan sesuatu): Kata kerja 'allow' diikuti oleh objek ('individuals') dan infinitif ('to consider'), untuk menyatakan kebenaran atau membolehkan sesuatu berlaku.
The new law allows citizens to vote online.
Undang-undang baharu membenarkan warganegara mengundi dalam talian.
EN: In democratic societies, 'respectful debate' is a core value. It emphasizes that while people may disagree on policy, the discourse should remain civil to maintain social cohesion.
EN: The 'It is + adjective + that-clause' structure uses 'It' as a dummy subject to introduce a fact or opinion. When expressing importance or necessity (using adjectives like 'important' or 'essential'), the verb in the 'that' clause often follows the subjunctive mood, though in modern English, the base form or 'should + base form' is common.
Bahasa Melayu: Struktur 'It is + adjektif + klausa that' menggunakan 'It' sebagai subjek palsu untuk memperkenalkan fakta atau pendapat. Apabila menyatakan kepentingan atau keperluan (menggunakan adjektif seperti 'important' atau 'essential'), kata kerja dalam klausa 'that' selalunya menggunakan mood subjungtif, iaitu bentuk dasar kata kerja tanpa 'should'.
It is essential that every student submit their assignment on time.
Adalah sangat penting bahawa setiap pelajar menghantar kerja rumah tepat pada masanya.
EN: The verb 'distinguish' is often used with the preposition 'between' to show the difference between two or more things. The pattern is 'distinguish between A and B'.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata kerja 'distinguish' selalunya digunakan dengan kata sendi 'between' untuk menunjukkan perbezaan antara dua atau lebih perkara. Coraknya ialah 'distinguish between A and B' (membezakan A dan B).
It can be difficult to distinguish between a cold and the flu.
Membezakan antara selsema dan influenza kadangkala boleh menjadi sukar.
EN: In democratic societies, 'media literacy'—the ability to analyze and evaluate information—is considered a vital skill for maintaining a healthy political environment and preventing the spread of misinformation.
EN: Relative Clause (Adjective Clause): The word 'that' introduces a relative clause 'that actively participates in thoughtful discussion' to modify the noun 'public'. It provides essential information about which specific public is being discussed.
Bahasa Melayu: Klausa Relatif (Klausa Adjektif): Perkataan 'that' memperkenalkan klausa relatif 'that actively participates in thoughtful discussion' untuk menerangkan kata nama 'public' (orang awam). Ia memberikan maklumat penting tentang jenis orang awam tertentu yang dibincangkan.
Students that study consistently usually achieve better grades.
Pelajar yang terus belajar biasanya mencapai keputusan yang lebih baik.
EN: Reflexive Pronoun for Emphasis: The word 'itself' is used as an intensive pronoun to emphasize the noun 'democracy', highlighting that the very core of democracy is being strengthened.
Bahasa Melayu: Penggunaan Kata Ganti Nama Refleksif untuk Penekanan: 'itself' digunakan di sini sebagai kata ganti nama intensif untuk menguatkan kata nama 'democracy' (demokrasi), menekankan bahawa asas sistem demokrasi itu sendiri sedang diperkukuhkan.
The building itself is beautiful, even if the neighborhood is not.
Bangunan itu sendiri cantik, walaupun persekitarannya tidak.
EN: The sentence reflects the Western democratic ideal of 'deliberative democracy,' where the quality of public debate is seen as essential to the health of the political system, rather than just the act of voting.
EN: The passive structure 'be limited to' is used to describe the boundaries or restrictions of something. It is followed by a noun or a gerund (V-ing).
Bahasa Melayu: Struktur pasif 'be limited to' (terhad kepada) digunakan untuk menerangkan sempadan atau had sesuatu. Ia diikuti oleh kata nama atau gerund (V-ing).
The discount is limited to students with a valid ID card.
Diskaun ini hanya terhad kepada pelajar yang mempunyai kad pelajar yang sah.
EN: The past participle phrase 'held at city hall' acts as an adjective to modify the preceding noun 'formal meetings'. This is a reduced relative clause (which are held).
Bahasa Melayu: Frasa partisipel lampau 'held at city hall' (diadakan di dewan bandar) bertindak sebagai adjektif untuk menerangkan kata nama 'formal meetings' yang mendahuluinya. Ini ialah klausa relatif yang diringkaskan dengan menggugurkan kata ganti nama relatif dan kata kerja bantu.
The concert held in the park was free for everyone.
Konsert yang diadakan di taman itu adalah percuma untuk semua orang.
EN: In many Western democracies, 'City Hall' is not just a building but a symbol of local government accessibility, where citizens are encouraged to attend public hearings to voice their opinions on local laws.
EN: Gerunds as Objects: The verb 'include' is followed by gerunds (verb-ing) when listing activities. In this sentence, 'volunteering', 'signing', 'contacting', and 'supporting' all function as nouns representing the acts themselves.
Bahasa Melayu: Gerund sebagai Objek: Kata kerja 'include' (termasuk) diikuti oleh gerund (V-ing) untuk menyenaraikan aktiviti. Dalam ayat ini, 'volunteering', 'signing', 'contacting' dan 'supporting' semuanya berfungsi sebagai kata nama, mewakili tindakan itu sendiri.
Her hobbies include hiking in the mountains and taking photographs.
Hobinya termasuk mendaki di pergunungan dan mengambil gambar.
EN: Relative Clauses: The phrase 'that matter to you' is a relative clause (adjective clause) that modifies the noun 'causes'. 'That' acts as the relative pronoun and subject of the clause.
Bahasa Melayu: Klausa Relatif: Frasa 'that matter to you' ialah klausa relatif (klausa adjektif) yang menerangkan kata nama 'causes' (punca/sebab). 'That' di sini berfungsi sebagai kata ganti nama relatif dan juga subjek klausa tersebut.
I want to work for a company that values creativity.
Saya mahu bekerja di syarikat yang menghargai kreativiti.
EN: In democratic societies, 'signing petitions' and 'contacting representatives' are standard ways for citizens to voice their opinions to the government between elections. 'Causes' often refers to social or political movements like environmental protection or human rights.
EN: The past participle phrase 'taken to improve society' acts as an adjective modifying the noun 'Every action'. This is a reduced relative clause (Every action [that is] taken...).
Bahasa Melayu: Frasa partisipel lampau 'taken to improve society' bertindak sebagai adjektif untuk menerangkan kata nama 'Every action'. Ini ialah klausa relatif yang diringkaskan (asalnya Every action [that is] taken...).
The decisions made by the committee will affect everyone.
Keputusan yang dibuat oleh jawatankuasa akan mempengaruhi semua orang.
EN: The concessive clause 'no matter how + adjective' is used to express that the degree of a quality does not change the main result. It functions as an adverbial insertion.
Bahasa Melayu: Klausa konsesif 'no matter how + adjektif' digunakan untuk menyatakan bahawa tahap sesuatu sifat tidak akan mengubah hasil utama. Ia berfungsi sebagai klausa adverba yang bersifat sisipan dalam ayat.
No matter how hard you try, you must follow the rules.
Tidak kira betapa kerasnya anda berusaha, anda mesti mematuhi peraturan.
EN: This sentence reflects the democratic ideal of 'civic virtue,' where individual contributions, however minor, are seen as essential to the collective well-being of the state.
EN: The preposition 'By' followed by a gerund (V-ing) is used to express the method or means by which an action is achieved. It answers the question 'How?'.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata sendi 'By' diikuti oleh gerund (V-ing) digunakan untuk menyatakan kaedah atau cara untuk mencapai sesuatu tindakan, menjawab soalan "bagaimana?"
By practicing every day, you can improve your English fluency.
Dengan berlatih setiap hari, anda boleh meningkatkan kefasihan bahasa Inggeris anda.
EN: The verb 'ensure' is often followed by a 'that' clause, which functions as the direct object of the sentence to specify what is being guaranteed.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata kerja 'ensure' (memastikan) selalunya diikuti oleh klausa 'that', yang berfungsi sebagai objek langsung ayat, untuk menjelaskan secara khusus perkara yang dijamin.
Please ensure that all the lights are turned off before you leave.
Sila pastikan semua lampu telah dimatikan sebelum anda pergi.
EN: In democratic theory, 'accountability' and 'responsiveness' are key pillars. Accountability means officials must answer for their actions, while responsiveness means they should act according to the needs and preferences of the citizens.
Kosa kata utama dengan sebutan IPA, definisi, contoh ayat, dan kuiz interaktif.
Dalam konteks: Asas, asasi, merujuk kepada bahagian teras yang membentuk sesuatu.
Dalam konteks: Sivik, berkaitan dengan bandar atau kewajipan warganegara.
Dalam konteks: Mempunyai kelayakan, memenuhi syarat.
Dalam konteks: Bilangan kehadiran (untuk aktiviti atau pilihan raya), peratusan keluar mengundi.
Dalam konteks: (Untuk undi, markah, dll.) Margin, perbezaan.
Dalam konteks: Perbincangan, wacana atau dialog (secara formal).
Dalam konteks: Membezakan, membezakan antara dua perkara.
Dalam konteks: Asas, batu asas, merujuk kepada struktur teras yang menyokong sesuatu.
Dalam konteks: Petisyen, merujuk kepada permintaan rasmi yang ditandatangani oleh ramai orang dan dikemukakan kepada pihak berkuasa.
Dalam konteks: Bertanggungjawab, merujuk kepada keperluan untuk menjelaskan tindakan sendiri.
Frasa dengan label jenis, definisi dwibahasa, nota penggunaan, dan contoh ayat.
To have a significant effect on a person or situation.
membuat perbezaan, memberi kesan.
To take part in an activity or organization.
menyertai, terlibat.
To express worries or complaints about something publicly.
menyuarakan kebimbangan, bersuara.
To happen or occur, especially after being planned.
berlaku, diadakan.
The percentage of eligible voters who cast a ballot in an election.
Peratusan keluar mengundi
The difference between the number of votes that the winner gets and the number that the loser gets.
Jurang (undi)
To think about and begin to deal with an issue or problem.
Menangani, mengatasi
A principle, aim, or movement that, because of its perceived value, is supported by people.
Perjuangan, matlamat, cita-cita (sosial)
To be significant or important.
Penting, bernilai