Human rights groups cheer ‘watershed’ verdict in social media addiction trialKumpulan Hak Asasi Manusia Menyanjung Keputusan 'Penting' Dalam Perbicaraan Ketagihan Media Sosial
Pratonton Audio Lengkap
0:00
0:00
EN: The use of 'Hail' in news headlines: In journalistic English, 'hail' is a high-register verb used to describe enthusiastic public praise or acclaim for an achievement or decision.
Bahasa Melayu: Penggunaan 'Hail' dalam tajuk berita: Dalam bahasa Inggeris kewartawanan, 'hail' ialah kata kerja peringkat tinggi yang digunakan untuk menggambarkan pujian atau pengiktirafan awam yang hangat terhadap sesuatu pencapaian atau keputusan.
Critics hailed the film as a masterpiece of modern cinema.
Pengkritik filem memuji filem itu sebagai karya agung pawagam moden.
EN: Noun Adjuncts/Compound Nouns: 'Social Media Addiction Trial' uses a string of nouns where the first three words act as modifiers for the final head noun 'Trial'. This is common in formal reporting to condense information.
Bahasa Melayu: Penerang Kata Nama/Kata Nama Majmuk: 'Social Media Addiction Trial' menggunakan rangkaian kata nama, di mana tiga perkataan pertama berfungsi sebagai penerang untuk kata nama teras terakhir 'Trial' (perbicaraan). Ini lazim dalam laporan rasmi untuk memadatkan maklumat.
The government launched a climate change awareness campaign.
Kerajaan melancarkan kempen kesedaran tentang perubahan iklim.
EN: Metaphorical use of 'Watershed': Originally a geographical term, in a legal or historical context, it functions as an adjective meaning a turning point that changes the course of future events.
Bahasa Melayu: Penggunaan Metafora 'Watershed': Pada asalnya istilah geografi (garis pemisah air), dalam konteks undang-undang atau sejarah, ia berfungsi sebagai kata sifat yang bermaksud titik perubahan yang mengubah hala tuju peristiwa masa depan.
The 1964 Civil Rights Act was a watershed moment in American history.
Akta Hak Sivil 1964 merupakan detik bersejarah yang penting dalam sejarah Amerika Syarikat.
EN: The term 'Watershed' refers to the line of hills from which rivers justify their flow in different directions. In Western legal discourse, a 'watershed verdict' implies a precedent-setting case that will likely trigger a wave of similar lawsuits or fundamental changes in industry regulations.
EN: The verb 'find' is used here as a complex transitive verb in a legal context, following the pattern 'find + object + adjective'. It indicates a formal declaration or verdict regarding the status of the object.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata kerja "find" digunakan di sini sebagai kata kerja transitif kompleks dalam konteks undang-undang, mengikut pola "find + objek + adjektif", untuk menyatakan pengisytiharan atau keputusan rasmi tentang keadaan objek tersebut.
The court found the defendant guilty of all charges.
Mahkamah memutuskan bahawa tertuduh bersalah atas semua pertuduhan yang dikenakan.
EN: The phrase 'liable for' is a prepositional adjective phrase used to indicate legal responsibility for a specific action or outcome, often followed by a gerund (-ing form).
Bahasa Melayu: Frasa "liable for" ialah frasa adjektif preposisi yang digunakan untuk menunjukkan tanggungjawab undang-undang terhadap tindakan atau hasil tertentu, dan biasanya diikuti oleh kata nama kerja (bentuk -ing).
The company was held liable for failing to protect user data.
Syarikat itu didapati bertanggungjawab di sisi undang-undang kerana gagal melindungi data pengguna.
EN: The relative clause 'that human rights groups are calling a watershed moment' uses the present continuous tense to describe an ongoing perception or characterization of the verdict by the public.
Bahasa Melayu: Klausa relatif "that human rights groups are calling a watershed moment" menggunakan kala kini berterusan untuk menggambarkan persepsi atau penilaian orang ramai yang berterusan terhadap keputusan tersebut pada masa ini.
This is a discovery that scientists are calling a breakthrough for clean energy.
Ini ialah penemuan yang dipanggil oleh saintis sebagai kejayaan tenaga bersih.
EN: The term 'watershed moment' originates from geography (a ridge that divides two river systems) and is used metaphorically in English to describe a turning point or an event that changes the course of history or public opinion significantly.
EN: The preposition 'with' is used here to introduce a circumstantial phrase (with + noun + -ing participle), describing the manner or specific circumstances under which the main action (concluded) occurred.
Bahasa Melayu: Preposisi 'with' digunakan di sini untuk memperkenalkan frasa keadaan sekeliling (with + kata nama + partisipel kini), menerangkan cara atau latar belakang khusus di mana tindakan klausa utama (concluded) berlaku.
The meeting ended with the CEO announcing a major restructuring plan.
Mesyuarat itu berakhir dengan Ketua Pegawai Eksekutif mengumumkan rancangan penyusunan semula yang besar.
EN: The verb 'determine' is followed by a 'that' clause acting as a direct object, which specifies the content of the jurors' decision. This is common in formal legal and academic registers.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata kerja 'determine' diikuti oleh klausa 'that' yang bertindak sebagai objek langsung, untuk menyatakan kandungan khusus keputusan juri. Ini sangat lazim dalam wacana undang-undang dan akademik formal.
The researchers determined that the new drug was more effective than the placebo.
Penyelidik menentukan bahawa ubat baharu itu lebih berkesan daripada plasebo.
EN: The relative clause 'that hooked... and caused...' uses the past tense to describe the specific effects of the design features, functioning as an adjective modifying 'features'.
Bahasa Melayu: Klausa relatif 'that hooked... and caused...' menggunakan kala lampau untuk menerangkan kesan khusus ciri reka bentuk, berfungsi sebagai klausa adjektif yang menerangkan 'features'.
He developed an app that simplified complex financial data for everyday users.
Dia membangunkan aplikasi yang memudahkan data kewangan yang kompleks untuk pengguna biasa.
EN: The term 'landmark trial' refers to a court case that establishes a significant legal precedent or marks a turning point in social policy. In the U.S. legal system, jury verdicts in such cases can influence how future laws are written and how tech companies operate globally.
EN: The verb 'emphasize' is followed by a 'that' clause acting as the direct object, a common structure in formal reporting to convey a strong stance or key finding.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata kerja 'emphasize' diikuti oleh klausa 'that' yang bertindak sebagai objek langsung, ini adalah struktur biasa dalam laporan rasmi untuk menyatakan pendirian yang kukuh atau penemuan penting.
The report emphasized that immediate action is required to mitigate climate change.
Laporan itu menekankan bahawa tindakan segera diperlukan untuk mengurangkan perubahan iklim.
EN: The phrase 'by design' is a prepositional phrase used as an adverbial to indicate that a quality is an inherent feature or intentional result of the way something was created.
Bahasa Melayu: Frasa 'by design' ialah frasa preposisi yang digunakan sebagai adverba untuk menunjukkan bahawa sesuatu sifat adalah ciri yang wujud dalam cara sesuatu dicipta atau hasil yang disengajakan (iaitu 'memang direka begitu').
The software is simple by design to ensure user-friendliness.
Perisian ini direka dengan ringkas, sememangnya untuk memastikan mesra pengguna.
EN: The adverb 'fundamentally' modifies the adjective 'unsafe,' adding a layer of intensity that suggests the problem exists at the most basic level of the platform's existence.
Bahasa Melayu: Adverba 'fundamentally' (secara asasnya) menerangkan kata sifat 'unsafe', menambah lapisan intensiti, membayangkan bahawa masalah itu wujud pada tahap paling asas platform.
The two theories are fundamentally different from each other.
Kedua-dua teori ini berbeza secara asasnya.
EN: Amnesty International is a globally recognized non-governmental organization focused on human rights. Their involvement in a tech-related trial signifies that digital safety and platform design are increasingly being framed as fundamental human rights issues rather than just consumer or privacy concerns.
EN: The use of reduced relative clauses and appositives: 'identified only by...' and 'now twenty years old' function as non-restrictive modifiers providing additional information about the noun 'plaintiff' without using 'who is/was'.
Bahasa Melayu: Penggunaan klausa relatif terkurang dan aposisi: 'identified only by...' dan 'now twenty years old' berfungsi sebagai penerang bukan pembatas, memberikan maklumat tambahan tentang kata nama 'plaintiff' (plaintif) tanpa menggunakan 'who is/was'.
The document, signed by the CEO, outlines the new company policy.
Dokumen yang ditandatangani oleh Ketua Pegawai Eksekutif ini menggariskan dasar baharu syarikat.
EN: The phrasal verb 'center on' is used to indicate the main theme or focus of a discussion, trial, or investigation. It is more formal than 'be about'.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata kerja frasa 'center on' digunakan untuk menunjukkan tema utama atau fokus perbincangan, perbicaraan atau siasatan. Ini lebih formal daripada 'be about'.
The debate centered on the ethical implications of artificial intelligence.
Perdebatan ini tertumpu pada implikasi etika kecerdasan buatan.
EN: Noun clauses with 'that': The verb 'testified' is followed by a 'that' clause acting as the direct object, reporting the content of the legal testimony.
Bahasa Melayu: Klausa nama dengan 'that': Kata kerja 'testified' (memberi keterangan) diikuti oleh klausa 'that' yang bertindak sebagai objek langsung, untuk menyatakan kandungan keterangan undang-undang.
The witness testified that he had seen the defendant at the scene.
Saksi memberi keterangan bahawa dia melihat tertuduh di tempat kejadian.
EN: In high-profile legal cases involving sensitive personal information or minors, plaintiffs are often identified by initials (e.g., KGM) to protect their privacy and identity from public exposure.
EN: The reporting verb 'allege' is used to state that something is a fact without giving proof. It is often followed by a 'that' clause in formal or legal contexts to distance the speaker from the claim.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata kerja pelapor 'allege' (mendakwa/menuntut) digunakan untuk menyatakan bahawa sesuatu adalah fakta tanpa memberikan bukti. Dalam konteks formal atau undang-undang, ia sering diikuti oleh klausa 'that', untuk mengekalkan jarak objektif antara penutur dan tuntutan tersebut.
The prosecution alleged that the defendant had tampered with the evidence.
Pihak pendakwaan mendakwa defendan telah mengubah bukti.
EN: The use of 'subsequent' as an adjective modifies the noun 'use', indicating that this action followed a previously mentioned event (her use of YouTube). This is a high-register alternative to 'later'.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata sifat 'subsequent' (berikutnya) menerangkan kata nama 'use', menunjukkan bahawa tindakan ini berlaku selepas peristiwa yang disebut sebelum ini (penggunaan YouTube olehnya). Ini ialah pengganti formal peringkat tinggi bagi 'later'.
The initial success was followed by subsequent failures in the market.
Selepas kejayaan awal, kegagalan berturut-turut menyusul di pasaran.
EN: The structure 'triggered a devastating cycle of [Noun A, Noun B, and Noun C]' uses a causative verb to link an action to a complex, multi-part negative outcome, common in psychological and sociological reporting.
Bahasa Melayu: Struktur 'triggered a devastating cycle of...' (mencetuskan kitaran kemusnahan...) menggunakan kata kerja kausatif untuk menghubungkan sesuatu tindakan dengan hasil negatif yang kompleks dan pelbagai aspek, ini lazim dalam laporan psikologi dan sosiologi.
The economic downturn triggered a cycle of poverty and crime in the region.
Kemelesetan ekonomi mencetuskan kitaran ganas kemiskinan dan jenayah di rantau itu.
EN: The term 'body dysmorphia' refers to a mental health condition where a person spends a lot of time worrying about flaws in their appearance. In the context of social media trials, this is a central argument against algorithms that promote unrealistic beauty standards to minors.
EN: The preposition 'with' is used here to introduce an absolute construction (with-structure), providing additional details or circumstances related to the main clause. It often functions as a secondary clause describing the distribution or state of things.
Bahasa Melayu: Preposisi 'with' di sini memperkenalkan 'struktur mutlak' (with-struktur), digunakan untuk menambah butiran atau keadaan yang berkaitan dengan klausa utama. Ini lazim dalam laporan berita untuk menerangkan nisbah pengagihan atau keadaan sampingan.
The company went bankrupt, with its assets sold to various competitors.
Syarikat itu muflis, dengan asetnya dijual kepada pesaing yang berbeza.
EN: The past participle 'ordered' functions as a reduced passive relative clause within the absolute construction (Meta [who was] ordered to pay). It indicates that the action was imposed on the subject.
Bahasa Melayu: Partisipel lampau 'ordered' berfungsi sebagai klausa pasif terkurang dalam struktur mutlak (Meta [pasif] diarahkan membayar). Ia menunjukkan bahawa tindakan itu dikenakan ke atas subjek.
The students waited in silence, with their phones turned off.
Para pelajar menunggu dengan senyap, dengan telefon bimbit mereka dimatikan.
EN: The word 'damages' (plural) is a specific legal term referring to the sum of money claimed or awarded in compensation for loss or injury, distinct from the singular 'damage' which means physical harm.
Bahasa Melayu: Perkataan 'damages' (bentuk jamak) ialah istilah undang-undang khusus yang merujuk kepada jumlah wang yang dituntut atau diperintahkan sebagai 'pampasan' akibat kerugian atau kecederaan, berbeza daripada bentuk tunggal 'damage' (kerosakan, kemusnahan).
The court awarded the plaintiff $50,000 in compensatory damages.
Mahkamah menganugerahkan plaintif ganti rugi pampasan sebanyak lima puluh ribu dolar.
EN: In the U.S. legal system, a jury verdict in civil cases often involves determining liability and then calculating 'damages' to compensate the plaintiff. The split of 70/30 between Meta and YouTube reflects the jury's assessment of each company's relative responsibility for the harm caused.
EN: The verb 'prioritize A over B' is a high-level transitive structure used to indicate that one thing is treated as more important than another. It is common in formal, academic, and professional contexts.
Bahasa Melayu: Struktur kata kerja 'prioritize A over B' ialah penggunaan kata kerja transitif peringkat tinggi untuk menunjukkan bahawa sesuatu (A) dianggap lebih penting daripada perkara lain (B). Ini sangat lazim dalam konteks formal, akademik dan profesional.
The company decided to prioritize long-term growth over immediate profits.
Syarikat itu memutuskan untuk mengutamakan pertumbuhan jangka panjang berbanding keuntungan jangka pendek.
EN: The phrase 'such as' is used to introduce specific examples of a general category (features). It is more formal than 'like' and is often used in legal or technical writing to define scope.
Bahasa Melayu: Frasa 'such as' digunakan untuk memperkenalkan contoh khusus bagi kategori umum (ciri-ciri). Ia lebih formal daripada 'like' dan sering digunakan dalam penulisan undang-undang atau teknikal untuk menjelaskan skop.
Renewable energy sources such as solar and wind power are essential for sustainability.
Sumber tenaga boleh diperbaharui seperti tenaga suria dan angin adalah penting untuk pembangunan mampan.
EN: The adjective 'vulnerable' followed by a target group (young audiences) functions as a precise modifier to describe a state of being easily influenced or harmed, a key term in social science and legal discourse.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata sifat 'vulnerable' diikuti oleh kumpulan sasaran (khalayak muda) berfungsi sebagai penerang yang tepat, menggambarkan keadaan yang mudah terdedah kepada pengaruh atau bahaya, istilah penting dalam wacana sains sosial dan undang-undang.
The policy aims to protect vulnerable communities from economic instability.
Dasar itu bertujuan melindungi komuniti yang terdedah daripada kesan ketidakstabilan ekonomi.
EN: The terms 'infinite scroll' and 'autoplay' refer to specific UI/UX design patterns that have become central to the debate over tech ethics and digital addiction in Western legal systems.
EN: Inverted Conditionals (Third Conditional): When 'if' is omitted in a third conditional sentence, the auxiliary verb 'had' is moved to the front of the subject. This structure is more formal and common in academic or legal writing.
Bahasa Melayu: Ayat Bersyarat Songsang (Jenis Ketiga): Dalam ayat bersyarat jenis ketiga, apabila kata hubung 'if' digugurkan, kata kerja bantu 'had' mesti dipindahkan ke hadapan subjek. Struktur ini lebih formal dan sering digunakan dalam penulisan akademik atau undang-undang.
Had the company acted sooner, the crisis could have been averted.
Jika syarikat itu telah bertindak lebih awal, krisis ini sepatutnya dapat dielakkan.
EN: Reporting Verbs (Parenthetical Insertion): The phrase 'advocates contend' acts as a parenthetical insertion, identifying the source of the claim without disrupting the flow of the conditional statement.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata Kerja Pelapor (Sisipan Kurungan): 'advocates contend' (pendukung berpendapat) digunakan sebagai unsur sisipan untuk menandakan sumber pandangan tanpa mengganggu kelancaran keseluruhan ayat hipotesis.
The economy, experts argue, is showing signs of recovery.
Pakar berhujah bahawa ekonomi menunjukkan tanda-tanda pemulihan.
EN: Passive Voice with Modal Verbs in Past Perfect: 'Would have been substantially reduced' uses the passive voice to focus on the 'exposure' rather than the agent of reduction, emphasizing the hypothetical outcome.
Bahasa Melayu: Suara Pasif dengan Kata Kerja Modal dalam Kala Lampau Sempurna: 'Would have been substantially reduced' menggunakan suara pasif untuk memberi tumpuan kepada 'tahap pendedahan' dan bukannya pihak yang mengurangkan, untuk menekankan hasil hipotesis.
The damage would have been minimized if the safety protocols were followed.
Jika protokol keselamatan dipatuhi, kerosakan sepatutnya diminimumkan.
EN: In legal and journalistic contexts, 'advocates' refers to individuals or groups who publicly support a particular cause or policy. The term 'bellwether case' mentioned in the context refers to a trial that serves as a lead case to test the legal theories and predict the outcome of many similar cases.
EN: The term 'bellwether' functions as an attributive noun here, meaning something that leads or indicates a trend. In legal contexts, a 'bellwether case' refers to a test case chosen from a large group of similar lawsuits to predict the outcome of the others.
Bahasa Melayu: 'Bellwether' berfungsi sebagai kata nama atributif di sini, bermaksud sesuatu yang memimpin atau menandakan trend. Dalam konteks undang-undang, 'bellwether case' (kes penunjuk) merujuk kepada kes ujian yang dipilih daripada banyak kes yang serupa untuk meramalkan keputusan kes-kes yang lain.
The success of this startup is seen as a bellwether for the entire tech industry.
Kejayaan syarikat permulaan ini dianggap sebagai penunjuk arah bagi keseluruhan industri teknologi.
EN: The past participle phrase 'expected to proceed...' acts as a reduced relative clause modifying 'cases'. It is short for 'which are expected to proceed'.
Bahasa Melayu: Frasa partisipel lampau 'expected to proceed...' bertindak sebagai klausa terkurang, menerangkan 'cases' yang mendahuluinya. Ini pada asalnya adalah ungkapan ringkas bagi 'which are expected to proceed'.
The funds allocated for the project are expected to run out by December.
Dana yang diperuntukkan untuk projek itu dijangka akan habis sebelum Disember.
EN: The phrase 'one of more than [number]' is a sophisticated way to indicate that the subject belongs to a group that exceeds a specific quantity, emphasizing the scale of the situation.
Bahasa Melayu: 'one of more than [nombor]' ialah cara yang tepat untuk menunjukkan bahawa subjek tergolong dalam kumpulan yang melebihi jumlah tertentu, menekankan skala situasi tersebut.
She is one of more than fifty candidates vying for the position.
Dia adalah salah seorang daripada lebih lima puluh calon yang bersaing untuk jawatan itu.
EN: The term 'bellwether' originates from shepherding, where a 'wether' (a castrated ram) wearing a 'bell' would lead the flock. In modern English, it is frequently used in politics (bellwether states) and law to describe entities that indicate future trends.
EN: Partial Negation: Using 'Not all' at the beginning of a sentence creates a partial negation, meaning 'some do, but some do not.' This is a more nuanced and formal way to express disagreement or diversity of opinion than using 'Some observers do not...'
Bahasa Melayu: Penafian Separa: Menggunakan 'Not all' pada permulaan ayat menghasilkan penafian separa, bermaksud 'tidak semua...' (iaitu sesetengah ya, sesetengah tidak). Ini lebih retorik dan lebih halus daripada terus berkata 'Some observers do not...', sering digunakan dalam penulisan formal untuk menyatakan perbezaan pendapat.
Not all innovations lead to immediate improvements in quality of life.
Tidak semua inovasi dapat meningkatkan kualiti hidup dengan serta-merta.
EN: Parenthetical Adverb Placement: The word 'however' is used here as a conjunctive adverb placed in a parenthetical position (between commas). This structure is common in formal English to provide a smooth transition while keeping the focus on the subject of the sentence.
Bahasa Melayu: Penempatan Adverba Kurungan: Perkataan 'however' digunakan di sini sebagai kata hubung adverba, dan diletakkan sebagai unsur kurungan selepas subjek (di antara koma). Struktur ini sangat lazim dalam bahasa Inggeris formal, memberikan nada peralihan sambil mengekalkan perhatian pembaca pada subjek ayat.
The results, however, were not as conclusive as the team had hoped.
Walau bagaimanapun, keputusan itu tidak begitu muktamad seperti yang diharapkan oleh pasukan.
EN: The preposition 'regarding': This is a formal alternative to 'about' or 'concerning.' It is frequently used in professional and legal contexts to introduce a specific topic or subject matter.
Bahasa Melayu: Preposisi 'regarding': Ini ialah pengganti formal bagi 'about' atau 'concerning'. Dalam konteks profesional, undang-undang atau akademik, ia sering digunakan untuk memperkenalkan topik atau perkara perbincangan tertentu.
There are several concerns regarding the new privacy policy.
Terdapat beberapa kebimbangan mengenai dasar privasi baharu itu.
EN: In journalistic and academic English, starting a sentence with 'Not all' is a common rhetorical device used to introduce a counter-argument or to acknowledge complexity without being overly confrontational. It reflects a balanced, analytical tone typical of high-level discourse.
EN: The gerund phrase 'holding platforms accountable' acts as the subject of the subordinate 'that' clause. The structure 'hold [someone] accountable for [something]' is a formal way to express responsibility or liability.
Bahasa Melayu: Frasa gerund 'holding platforms accountable' bertindak sebagai subjek dalam klausa yang diperkenalkan oleh 'that'. Struktur 'hold [seseorang] accountable for [sesuatu]' ialah cara formal untuk menyatakan tanggungjawab atau kewajipan undang-undang.
Holding executives accountable for environmental damage is a key goal of the new legislation.
Mengadakan eksekutif bertanggungjawab terhadap kerosakan alam sekitar ialah matlamat utama rang undang-undang baharu itu.
EN: The adverb 'inadvertently' is used to describe an action that happens unintentionally or as an unforeseen consequence. It is frequently paired with verbs like 'justify', 'reveal', or 'cause' in formal reporting.
Bahasa Melayu: Adverba 'inadvertently' digunakan untuk menerangkan tindakan yang berlaku secara tidak sengaja atau sebagai akibat yang tidak dijangka. Dalam laporan rasmi, ia sering digabungkan dengan kata kerja seperti 'justify' (membenarkan), 'reveal' (mendedahkan) atau 'cause' (menyebabkan).
The software update inadvertently deleted several user files.
Kemas kini perisian secara tidak sengaja memadamkan beberapa fail pengguna.
EN: The modal verb 'could' combined with 'justify' expresses a logical possibility or a potential risk in the future, which is a hallmark of cautious academic or journalistic tone.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata kerja modal 'could' digabungkan dengan 'justify' menyatakan kemungkinan logik atau risiko masa depan yang berpotensi, ini adalah ciri nada akademik atau kewartawanan yang berhati-hati.
This policy change could justify a significant increase in the annual budget.
Perubahan dasar ini boleh mewajarkan peningkatan besar dalam belanjawan tahunan.
EN: In Western legal and tech policy debates, there is a constant tension between 'safety' and 'privacy'. While child safety advocates push for stricter controls, privacy advocates worry that these controls (like uploading government IDs to social media) create new surveillance risks. This sentence reflects that specific policy dilemma.
EN: Inversion in conditional clauses (Second Conditional): The sentence uses 'Were governments to mandate' instead of 'If governments were to mandate'. This formal structure is used to express a hypothetical or unlikely future situation, adding a sophisticated, literary tone to the writing.
Bahasa Melayu: Penyongsangan dalam klausa bersyarat (Kedua Jenis Subjungtif): Ayat menggunakan 'Were governments to mandate' sebagai ganti 'If governments were to mandate'. Struktur formal ini digunakan untuk menyatakan situasi hipotesis atau masa depan yang tidak mungkin berlaku, menambahkan nada yang canggih dan bersifat sastera pada penulisan.
Were the CEO to resign tomorrow, the company's stock price would likely plummet.
Jika Ketua Pegawai Eksekutif meletak jawatan esok, harga saham syarikat mungkin akan jatuh mendadak.
EN: The use of 'the very' as an emphatic adjective: Here, 'very' is used to emphasize that the noun following it is the exact or specific one being referred to, often highlighting a irony or a direct contradiction.
Bahasa Melayu: Penggunaan 'the very' sebagai kata sifat penekan: Di sini, 'very' digunakan untuk menekankan bahawa kata nama yang mengikutinya adalah tepat yang dimaksudkan, biasanya untuk menonjolkan ironi atau percanggahan langsung.
The law was used to silence the very people it was designed to protect.
Undang-undang ini digunakan untuk membisukan orang-orang yang sepatutnya dilindunginya.
EN: Reporting clause insertion: The phrase 'critics warn' is inserted as an appositive-like interruption. In journalism, placing the source of the statement in the middle of the sentence helps maintain flow while immediately attributing the claim.
Bahasa Melayu: Penyisipan klausa pelapor: Frasa 'critics warn' disisipkan sebagai unsur sisipan. Dalam penulisan berita, meletakkan sumber kenyataan di tengah ayat membantu mengekalkan kelancaran sambil serta-merta memberikan atribusi tuntutan.
The new policy, experts suggest, could lead to unforeseen economic consequences.
Pakar memberi amaran bahawa dasar baharu ini mungkin membawa kepada akibat ekonomi yang tidak dijangka.
EN: The sentence reflects a common tension in Western digital policy debates: the trade-off between 'safety' (protecting children via age verification) and 'privacy' (avoiding mass data collection). Digital rights organizations often argue that solutions to social problems should not come at the cost of fundamental civil liberties like anonymity.
EN: The verb 'urge' follows the pattern 'urge someone to do something,' which is a causative-like structure used to express a strong recommendation or push for action. It is more formal and forceful than 'ask' or 'suggest.'
Bahasa Melayu: Kata kerja "urge" mengikuti pola "urge someone to do something", iaitu struktur seperti kausatif yang menyatakan cadangan kuat atau dorongan untuk bertindak. Ia lebih formal dan lebih kuat daripada "ask" atau "suggest".
The committee urged the government to implement stricter environmental regulations.
Jawatankuasa itu mendesak kerajaan untuk melaksanakan peraturan alam sekitar yang lebih ketat.
EN: The phrase 'rather than' is used to show preference or to contrast two actions. When it follows an infinitive (to redesign), the verb following 'rather than' usually appears in its base form (rely) or as a gerund, though the base form is preferred here to maintain parallel structure with the action being avoided.
Bahasa Melayu: Frasa "rather than" digunakan untuk menunjukkan keutamaan atau membezakan dua tindakan. Apabila ia mengikuti kata kerja infinitif (to redesign), kata kerja selepasnya biasanya menggunakan bentuk dasar (rely) atau gerund, tetapi di sini bentuk dasar digunakan untuk mengekalkan struktur selari dengan tindakan yang dielakkan.
He chose to walk home rather than take a taxi.
Dia memilih untuk berjalan pulang, bukannya menaiki teksi.
EN: The use of 'such as' introduces specific examples of a general category ('blunt tools'). In formal writing, 'such as' is preferred over 'like' for introducing examples.
Bahasa Melayu: Penggunaan "such as" memperkenalkan contoh khusus bagi kategori umum (alat yang tumpul). Dalam penulisan formal, "such as" lebih digemari daripada "like" apabila memperkenalkan contoh.
The company offers various benefits, such as health insurance and flexible hours.
Syarikat itu menawarkan pelbagai faedah, seperti insurans kesihatan dan waktu kerja fleksibel.
EN: The term 'blunt tools' in a policy context refers to broad, non-specific measures (like total bans) that solve one problem but may cause others, such as restricting free speech or access to information. It contrasts with 'surgical' or 'nuanced' approaches.
EN: The Subjunctive Mood in 'That' Clauses: When verbs of insisting, suggesting, or demanding (like 'insist') or adjectives of importance (like 'imperative') are used, the following 'that' clause uses the base form of the verb (subjunctive). In this sentence, 'prioritize' is in the base form regardless of the subject.
Bahasa Melayu: Penggunaan Mood Subjungtif dalam Klausa 'That': Apabila kata kerja menunjukkan desakan, cadangan atau permintaan (seperti insist), atau kata sifat menunjukkan kepentingan (seperti imperative), kata kerja dalam klausa 'that' yang mengikutinya mesti menggunakan bentuk dasar (mood subjungtif). Dalam ayat ini, tanpa mengira subjek, 'prioritize' digunakan dalam bentuk dasar.
It is essential that every employee be informed of the new safety protocols.
Adalah amat penting bahawa setiap pekerja dimaklumkan tentang protokol keselamatan baharu.
EN: Double 'That' Clause Structure: This sentence features nested content clauses. The first 'that' introduces the object of 'insist', while the second 'that' is a subject clause following the dummy subject 'it' and the adjective 'imperative'.
Bahasa Melayu: Struktur Klausa 'That' Berganda: Ayat ini mengandungi klausa kandungan bersarang. 'That' pertama memperkenalkan klausa objek bagi 'insist', manakala 'that' kedua ialah klausa subjek yang mengikuti subjek dummy 'it' dan kata sifat 'imperative'.
She argued that it is unlikely that the project will be finished on time.
Dia berpendapat bahawa projek itu tidak mungkin siap tepat pada masanya.
EN: Gerund after Preposition: The word 'compromising' is a gerund (verb+ing) used after the preposition 'without'. This structure indicates a condition or manner in which the main action should occur.
Bahasa Melayu: Gerund selepas Preposisi: 'compromising' ialah gerund (kata kerja+ing) yang digunakan selepas preposisi 'without'. Struktur ini menunjukkan keadaan atau cara tindakan klausa utama berlaku.
You cannot achieve success without taking risks.
Anda tidak boleh mencapai kejayaan tanpa mengambil risiko.
EN: The sentence reflects a common tension in Western tech policy debates: balancing 'safety' (protection of minors) with 'freedom' (privacy and lack of surveillance). The use of 'fundamental digital freedoms' aligns with the rhetoric of international human rights organizations that view internet access and privacy as basic rights.
EN: The sentence uses a 'Whether... or...' noun clause as the subject. This structure presents two alternatives and functions as a single unit, followed by a singular verb ('remains').
Bahasa Melayu: Ayat ini menggunakan klausa nama 'Whether... or...' sebagai subjek. Struktur ini membentangkan dua kemungkinan dan menganggapnya sebagai satu unit keseluruhan, diikuti oleh kata kerja tunggal (remains).
Whether we should invest now or wait for a market dip is still under debate.
Sama ada kita patut melabur sekarang atau menunggu pasaran pulih, masih dalam perbincangan.
EN: The phrase 'remains to be seen' is a formal idiomatic expression used to indicate that the outcome of a situation is currently unknown or uncertain.
Whether the new policy will be effective remains to be seen.
Sama ada dasar baharu itu berkesan masih belum dapat dipastikan.
EN: The use of 'catalyze' versus 'prompt' shows a nuance in causality. 'Catalyze' implies accelerating a significant change, while 'prompt' suggests causing a direct, often immediate response.
Bahasa Melayu: Penggunaan 'catalyze' berbanding 'prompt' menunjukkan perbezaan halus dalam hubungan sebab-akibat. 'Catalyze' membayangkan mempercepatkan perubahan besar, manakala 'prompt' merujuk kepada mencetuskan tindak balas langsung, biasanya serta-merta.
The scandal catalyzed a total overhaul of the legal system.
Skandal ini mencetuskan pembaharuan menyeluruh dalam sistem perundangan.
EN: The term 'cosmetic adjustments' is often used in business and political discourse to criticize changes that are superficial and do not address the root cause of a problem, similar to 'window dressing'.
Kosa kata utama dengan sebutan IPA, definisi, contoh ayat, dan kuiz interaktif.
Dalam konteks: Titik perubahan; detik bersejarah
Dalam konteks: Bertanggungjawab di sisi undang-undang
Dalam konteks: (Mahkamah) keputusan, penghakiman
Dalam konteks: Berikutnya, yang berlaku kemudian
Dalam konteks: (Ketakutan tidak normal terhadap rupa badan) dismorfia
Dalam konteks: Ganti rugi
Dalam konteks: Rentan, mudah terdedah
Dalam konteks: Penunjuk aras; perintis
Dalam konteks: Secara tidak sengaja, tanpa disedari
Dalam konteks: Menyerang privasi, mengganggu
Dalam konteks: Melemahkan, merosakkan
Dalam konteks: sangat penting, mendesak
Dalam konteks: Memangkin, mendorong
Dalam konteks: Cetek, hiasan (bukan substantif)
Frasa dengan label jenis, definisi dwibahasa, nota penggunaan, dan contoh ayat.
To consider someone responsible for something and expect them to explain it or be punished.
Menuntut tanggungjawab seseorang
Used to say that it is not yet certain whether something will happen or be successful.
Masih perlu dilihat
Inherently dangerous because of the way something was planned or built.
Tidak selamat mengikut reka bentuk
To treat A as more important than B.
mengutamakan A berbanding B
A turning point or a significant event that marks a change in course or development.
Titik perubahan; peristiwa penting
A sum of money claimed or awarded in civil law as compensation for loss or injury.
Ganti rugi
A small number of lawsuits from a larger group that are tried first to see how the remaining cases might be decided.
Kes penanda aras; kes rujukan
A web design technique that loads content continuously as the user scrolls down, eliminating the need for pagination.
Skrol tanpa had
Changes that are superficial and only affect the appearance rather than the underlying structure or function.
Pelarasan kosmetik; pengubahsuaian luaran