Laboratory WorkKerja Makmal
Pratonton Audio Lengkap
0:00
0:00
EN: The use of 'Welcome to [Place]' followed by a purpose or time modifier like 'for the first time' is a standard formal greeting structure. In academic settings, 'undergraduate' acts as a noun adjunct (a noun modifying another noun) to specify the level of the facility.
Bahasa Melayu: Penggunaan "Welcome to [Tempat]" diikuti oleh penerang masa seperti 'for the first time' ialah formula sambutan formal yang standard. Dalam konteks akademik, "undergraduate" (prasiswazah) digunakan sebagai penerang kata nama untuk menjelaskan peringkat kemudahan tersebut.
Welcome to the international conference for the first time.
Selamat datang ke persidangan antarabangsa ini buat kali pertama.
EN: The phrase 'for the first time' functions as an adverbial of frequency/time, typically placed at the end of the sentence to emphasize the novelty of the experience.
Bahasa Melayu: Frasa "for the first time" berfungsi sebagai adverba kekerapan/masa, biasanya diletakkan di hujung ayat, untuk menekankan kebaharuan atau sifat kali pertama pengalaman itu.
He visited the research center for the first time yesterday.
Semalam dia melawat pusat penyelidikan itu buat kali pertama.
EN: In Western academic culture, professors often greet students by their first names to create a welcoming yet professional environment, while students typically address professors by their title and last name (e.g., Professor James).
EN: The correlative conjunction 'both... and...' is used to emphasize that two qualities or facts are equally true. In C1 level usage, it often links sophisticated adjectives to express complex emotional states.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata hubung korelatif "both... and..." digunakan untuk menekankan bahawa dua sifat atau fakta adalah sama benar. Dalam penggunaan peringkat C1, ia sering digunakan untuk menghubungkan kata adjektif kompleks bagi menyatakan keadaan emosi yang bernuansa.
The new policy is both economically sound and socially responsible.
Dasar baharu ini adalah menjimatkan kos dan juga bertanggungjawab dari segi sosial.
EN: The verb 'admit' followed by an infinitive phrase ('to admit') often functions as a pragmatic marker to signal honesty or vulnerability, setting a sincere tone for the conversation.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata kerja "admit" diikuti oleh frasa infinitif (to admit) sering berfungsi sebagai penanda pragmatik, digunakan untuk menyampaikan sikap jujur atau terus terang, menetapkan nada ikhlas dalam perbualan.
I have to admit, I didn't expect the project to be this successful.
Saya harus mengaku, saya tidak menyangka projek ini akan begitu berjaya.
EN: The past participle 'intimidated' functions as an adjective describing the subject's feeling. The preposition 'by' is used to introduce the agent or cause of that feeling.
Bahasa Melayu: Partisipel lampau "intimidated" di sini berfungsi sebagai kata adjektif yang menerangkan perasaan subjek. Kata sendi "by" digunakan untuk memperkenalkan agen atau punca yang menyebabkan perasaan tersebut.
She was intimidated by the sheer volume of data she had to analyze.
Dia berasa tertekan dengan jumlah data yang banyak yang perlu dianalisisnya.
EN: In academic settings, addressing a professor by their title ('Professor') is standard and shows respect. Hana's admission of being 'intimidated' is a common way to build rapport through humility, which is often well-received by mentors in Western academic culture.
EN: Inversion in conditional sentences (Second Conditional): When using 'were' in a hypothetical condition, the 'if' can be omitted by placing 'were' before the subject. This structure is more formal and sophisticated than 'If you were to...'.
Bahasa Melayu: Penyongsangan dalam ayat bersyarat (Kondisional Kedua): Apabila menggunakan 'were' dalam klausa bersyarat hipotetikal, 'if' boleh digugurkan dan 'were' diletakkan di hadapan subjek. Struktur ini lebih formal dan lebih retorik daripada 'If you were to...'.
Were he to resign now, the company would face a major crisis.
Sekiranya dia meletak jawatan sekarang, syarikat akan menghadapi krisis besar.
EN: The use of 'would' for hypothetical consequences: In the main clause of a second conditional, 'would' (or its contraction 'd') is used to describe the result of an unlikely or imaginary situation.
Bahasa Melayu: Penggunaan 'would' untuk akibat hipotetikal: Dalam klausa utama kondisional kedua, 'would' (atau bentuk ringkasnya 'd) digunakan untuk menerangkan hasil dalam situasi yang tidak mungkin atau dibayangkan.
I'd be surprised if they finished the project on time.
Saya akan terkejut jika mereka dapat menyiapkan projek ini tepat pada masanya.
EN: In academic and professional settings, using inverted conditionals like 'Were you to...' conveys a high level of formality and intellectual rigor. It is common in lectures or when a superior (like a professor) is giving serious advice.
EN: 'Fair point' is an elliptical expression (shortened from 'That is a fair point') used in conversation to acknowledge the validity of an opponent's or speaker's argument without necessarily agreeing with their entire position.
Bahasa Melayu: "Fair point" ialah ungkapan elips (dipendekkan daripada "That is a fair point"), digunakan dalam perbualan untuk mengakui kewajaran hujah pihak lain, tetapi tidak semestinya bermaksud bersetuju sepenuhnya dengan semua pendirian mereka.
Fair point, but we still need to consider the budget constraints.
Itu hujah yang wajar, tetapi kita masih perlu mempertimbangkan kekangan bajet.
EN: The use of 'So' as a discourse marker at the beginning of a sentence serves to transition the conversation toward a new phase or to initiate a specific inquiry based on the current context.
Bahasa Melayu: Penggunaan "So" sebagai penanda wacana (discourse marker) pada awal ayat berfungsi untuk mengalihkan perbualan ke fasa baharu, atau untuk memulakan pertanyaan khusus berdasarkan konteks semasa.
So, what's the next step in our plan?
Jadi, apakah langkah seterusnya dalam rancangan kita?
EN: In academic and professional English, 'Fair point' is a polite way to concede a point during a discussion. It shows that you are listening and respect the other person's expertise, which is crucial in a mentor-student relationship like the one between Hana and the Professor.
EN: The phrase 'First and foremost' is an idiomatic fixed expression used to emphasize that the following point is the most important among several. It is common in formal speeches and academic contexts.
Bahasa Melayu: Frasa "First and foremost" ialah ungkapan tetap idiomatik yang digunakan untuk menekankan bahawa perkara yang akan disebut seterusnya adalah yang paling penting dalam kalangan beberapa perkara. Ia sering ditemui dalam ucapan rasmi dan konteks akademik.
First and foremost, we must ensure the data is accurate before publishing the report.
Pertama sekali, sebelum menerbitkan laporan, kita mesti memastikan ketepatan data.
EN: The verb 'let' is a causative verb followed by an object and a bare infinitive (verb without 'to'). In this context, it is used as a polite way to introduce a planned action or to offer information.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata kerja "let" ialah kata kerja kausatif yang diikuti oleh objek dan infinitif tanpa 'to' (kata kerja tanpa 'to'). Dalam konteks ini, ia digunakan sebagai cara yang sopan untuk memperkenalkan tindakan yang dirancang atau memberikan maklumat.
Let me explain the reasoning behind this decision.
Biar saya terangkan rasional di sebalik keputusan ini.
EN: The relative clause 'that govern everything we do here' uses the verb 'govern' to mean 'to control or influence the way something happens'. Note that 'everything we do here' contains a reduced relative clause where 'that/which' is omitted.
Bahasa Melayu: Klausa relatif "that govern everything we do here" menggunakan kata kerja "govern" untuk bermaksud "mengawal atau mempengaruhi cara sesuatu berlaku". Perhatikan bahawa "everything we do here" mengandungi klausa relatif ringkas yang menggugurkan "that/which".
The laws that govern international trade are complex.
Undang-undang yang mengawal perdagangan antarabangsa sangat kompleks.
EN: In academic and professional settings, using structured phrases like 'First and foremost' helps establish a clear hierarchy of information, which is a hallmark of Western formal communication styles.
EN: The verb 'suppose' is used here as a hedging device to express a belief or opinion with a degree of uncertainty or politeness, common in academic and professional registers.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata kerja "suppose" digunakan di sini sebagai peranti lindung nilai untuk menyatakan kepercayaan atau pendapat dengan tahap ketidakpastian atau kesopanan, yang sangat biasa dalam konteks akademik dan profesional.
I suppose we should double-check the results before publishing.
Saya rasa kita patut menyemak semula keputusan itu sekali lagi sebelum menerbitkannya.
EN: The adjective 'hands-on' is a compound modifier meaning involving direct practical experience rather than theoretical study.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata adjektif "hands-on" ialah pengubah majmuk yang bermaksud "melibatkan amalan langsung" atau "pengalaman praktikal secara langsung", menekankan pengalaman praktikal yang sebenar berbanding sekadar kajian teori.
The course provides hands-on training in digital marketing.
Kursus ini menyediakan latihan praktikal dalam pemasaran digital.
EN: The word 'indispensable' is a high-level synonym for 'essential' or 'necessary', used to describe something that is absolutely necessary and cannot be replaced.
Bahasa Melayu: "Indispensable" ialah sinonim peringkat tinggi bagi "essential" atau "necessary", digunakan untuk menerangkan sesuatu yang amat perlu, tidak boleh diketepikan, dan tidak boleh digantikan.
A reliable internet connection is indispensable for remote work.
Sambungan internet yang stabil amat diperlukan untuk kerja jarak jauh.
EN: In academic and scientific environments, students are expected to be proactive (reading the handbook beforehand) while acknowledging the authority and necessity of expert supervision (guidance is indispensable). This shows a balance of independence and respect.
EN: Negative Inversion: When a negative adverbial phrase (like 'Under no circumstances') starts a sentence for emphasis, the auxiliary verb (should) must come before the subject (you).
Bahasa Melayu: Penyongsangan negatif: Apabila frasa adverba negatif (seperti 'Under no circumstances') diletakkan di awal ayat untuk penekanan, kata bantu (should) mesti diletakkan sebelum subjek (you).
Under no circumstances should you leave the laboratory door unlocked.
Dalam apa jua keadaan, anda tidak sepatutnya membiarkan pintu makmal tidak berkunci.
EN: Double Negative for Obligation: Using 'without' after a negative command (should not... without) creates a strong requirement, implying that the two actions must happen together.
Bahasa Melayu: Penafian berganda untuk kewajipan: Menggunakan 'without' selepas arahan negatif (shouldn't... without...) menghasilkan keperluan yang kuat, membayangkan bahawa kedua-dua tindakan mesti berlaku serentak.
You must not enter the construction site without wearing a hard hat.
Anda tidak boleh memasuki tapak pembinaan tanpa memakai topi keselamatan.
EN: In academic and professional laboratory settings, the register is highly formal and safety-oriented. Using structures like 'Under no circumstances' emphasizes the non-negotiable nature of safety protocols, reflecting a culture of strict compliance to prevent liability and injury.
EN: The use of 'those' as a demonstrative pronoun refers back to 'fume hoods' in a plural sense, even though the previous question used the singular 'the fume hood'. This shift occurs because the speaker is referring to the general category of such devices they have seen across multiple videos.
Bahasa Melayu: Penggunaan kata ganti penunjuk "those". Walaupun ayat sebelumnya menggunakan "the fume hood" dalam bentuk tunggal, di sini ia bertukar kepada "those" dalam bentuk jamak kerana penutur merujuk kepada "jenis" peralatan yang dilihat dalam video yang berbeza, bukan satu yang spesifik.
I like the design of this smartphone, but those in the display case look more durable.
Saya suka reka bentuk telefon pintar ini, tetapi yang di dalam kabin pameran itu kelihatan lebih tahan lasak.
EN: The present perfect tense ('have seen') combined with the past participle ('used') in a contrastive structure. The ellipsis of 'have' before 'never used' is common in informal speech when the subject and auxiliary verb remain the same.
Bahasa Melayu: Penggunaan kala kini sempurna (have seen) digabungkan dengan partisipel lampau (used). Dalam pertuturan tidak formal, apabila subjek dan kata bantu adalah sama, 'have' sebelum kata kerja kedua sering digugurkan (iaitu I have... but [have] never used...).
I've visited Paris many times but never climbed the Eiffel Tower.
Saya telah pergi ke Paris banyak kali, tetapi tidak pernah mendaki Menara Eiffel.
EN: In a laboratory setting, admitting lack of experience with equipment (like a fume hood) is highly encouraged for safety reasons. The phrase 'Got it' is a common, informal way to acknowledge instructions in North American English, showing a proactive and cooperative attitude.
EN: The conjunction 'so that' (often followed by 'can', 'could', 'will', or 'would') is used to express purpose or result. In formal scientific contexts, it explains the functional objective of a mechanism.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata hubung "so that" (sering diikuti oleh can, could, will, atau would) digunakan untuk menyatakan tujuan atau hasil. Dalam konteks saintifik formal, ia digunakan untuk menjelaskan matlamat fungsi sesuatu mekanisme.
The laboratory is kept at a constant temperature so that the chemical reactions remain stable.
Makmal dikekalkan pada suhu tetap supaya tindak balas kimia kekal stabil.
EN: The passive construction 'be exposed to' is used to describe a state where someone is subjected to an external influence or substance, often something harmful.
Bahasa Melayu: Binaan pasif "be exposed to" digunakan untuk menggambarkan keadaan di mana seseorang terdedah kepada pengaruh atau bahan luaran, biasanya sesuatu yang berbahaya.
Staff must ensure they are not exposed to high levels of radiation.
Kakitangan mesti memastikan mereka tidak terdedah kepada dos sinaran yang tinggi.
EN: In academic and professional laboratory settings, the use of precise terminology (e.g., 'extracts' instead of 'takes out') is essential for clarity and safety. The 'fume hood' is a standard safety device in chemistry labs worldwide.
EN: The phrase 'if I may ask' is a polite parenthetical expression used to soften a direct question, especially when addressing someone of higher status or in a formal setting. It functions as a conditional clause that acknowledges the speaker's potential intrusion.
Bahasa Melayu: Frasa "if I may ask" ialah ungkapan parentetik yang sopan digunakan untuk melembutkan nada soalan langsung, terutamanya apabila berhadapan dengan orang yang lebih berpangkat atau dalam situasi formal. Ia berfungsi sebagai klausa bersyarat yang menyatakan kesedaran penutur tentang potensi keindahan soalan itu.
What is the reason for this sudden change in policy, if I may ask?
Jika saya boleh bertanya, apakah sebab perubahan dasar secara tiba-tiba ini?
EN: The present continuous tense ('are we conducting') is used here to refer to a planned future action or an activity that is about to commence immediately. This is common in professional or academic contexts to discuss scheduled tasks.
Bahasa Melayu: Kala kini berterusan (are we conducting) digunakan di sini untuk merujuk kepada tindakan masa depan yang telah dirancang, atau aktiviti yang akan bermula. Ini sangat biasa dalam konteks profesional atau akademik apabila membincangkan tugas yang dijadualkan.
Which software are we using for the presentation tomorrow?
Perisian manakah yang akan kita gunakan untuk pembentangan esok?
EN: In academic and professional English, using 'if I may ask' or 'if you don't mind me asking' demonstrates respect for the hierarchy and the other person's time. It is a hallmark of 'hedging' in polite conversation.
EN: The Future Continuous tense ('will be' + present participle) is used here to describe an action that will be in progress at a specific time in the future. In a professional or academic context, it often sounds more polite or certain than the simple future, suggesting a planned schedule.
Bahasa Melayu: Kala masa depan berterusan (will be + present participle) digunakan di sini untuk menggambarkan tindakan yang akan sedang berlangsung pada titik masa tertentu pada masa hadapan. Dalam konteks profesional atau akademik, ini selalunya kedengaran lebih sopan atau lebih pasti daripada kala masa depan mudah, menunjukkan bahawa ia adalah jadual yang telah ditetapkan.
We will be conducting the survey throughout the next semester.
Kami akan menjalankan tinjauan ini sepanjang semester akan datang.
EN: The preposition 'between' is used to specify the relationship or interaction involving two distinct entities (zinc and hydrochloric acid). In scientific English, it is the standard way to introduce reactants in a chemical process.
Bahasa Melayu: Preposisi "between" digunakan untuk menentukan hubungan atau interaksi yang melibatkan dua entiti berbeza (zink dan asid hidroklorik). Dalam bahasa Inggeris saintifik, ini adalah cara standard untuk memperkenalkan bahan tindak balas dalam proses kimia.
The bond between hydrogen and oxygen is covalent.
Ikatan antara hidrogen dan oksigen ialah ikatan kovalen.
EN: In academic and scientific settings, precision in terminology is crucial. Using the full names of chemicals (e.g., 'hydrochloric acid' instead of just 'acid') and specific terms like 'reaction rate' reflects the rigorous nature of laboratory protocols.
EN: The adverb 'actually' is used here as an intensifier to signal a surprising or contrasting fact, often used in academic or professional settings to add depth to a personal contribution to the conversation.
Bahasa Melayu: Adverba "actually" digunakan di sini sebagai penekan untuk menandakan fakta yang mengejutkan atau kontrastif. Dalam konteks akademik atau profesional, ia sering digunakan untuk menambah pandangan atau pengalaman peribadi yang mendalam kepada perbualan.
I actually found the complex equations quite intuitive after the lecture.
Selepas mendengar kuliah itu, saya sebenarnya merasakan persamaan yang kompleks itu agak intuitif.
EN: The verb 'debate' can be used transitively (debate something) or intransitively with 'with'. In this context, it implies a formal or structured discussion of opposing points of view rather than a simple argument.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata kerja "debate" boleh digunakan sebagai kata kerja transitif (membahaskan sesuatu) atau kata kerja tak transitif dengan "with". Dalam konteks ini, ia membayangkan perbincangan formal atau berstruktur mengenai sudut pandangan yang berbeza, bukan sekadar pertengkaran.
The committee debated the ethical implications of the new research for hours.
Jawatankuasa itu membahaskan implikasi etika kajian baharu itu selama beberapa jam.
EN: In Western academic culture, students are often encouraged to 'debate' or 'challenge' concepts with their teachers. This is seen as a sign of critical thinking and deep engagement with the subject matter, rather than a sign of disrespect.
EN: The use of 'as' followed by a past participle (indicated) functions as a reduced relative clause or a subordinating conjunction of manner, meaning 'in the way that'. It is common in formal instructions to refer to established guidelines.
Bahasa Melayu: Penggunaan 'as' diikuti oleh partisipel lampau (indicated) berfungsi sebagai bentuk ringkas klausa cara, bermaksud "mengikut cara yang ditunjukkan". Ini sering digunakan dalam arahan formal untuk merujuk kepada garis panduan atau peraturan yang telah ditetapkan.
Please complete the form as shown in the sample provided.
Sila isi borang mengikut contoh yang diberikan.
EN: The imperative mood ('set up') is used here to give a direct instruction. In a professional or academic setting, it is often preceded by 'Now' or 'Excellent' to transition from praise to the next task without sounding overly aggressive.
Bahasa Melayu: Mood imperatif (set up) digunakan di sini untuk memberi arahan langsung. Dalam persekitaran profesional atau akademik, ia selalunya didahului oleh 'Now' atau 'Excellent' untuk beralih daripada pujian kepada tugasan seterusnya tanpa kelihatan terlalu agresif.
Now, analyze the data carefully before drawing a conclusion.
Sekarang, sebelum membuat kesimpulan, sila analisis data dengan teliti.
EN: In a laboratory setting, 'bench' refers specifically to the heavy-duty work table where experiments are conducted, not a park bench. The tone used by the professor is 'mentoring'—authoritative yet encouraging, which is typical in academic research environments.
EN: The causative verb 'let' is followed by an object and a bare infinitive (verb without 'to'). It is commonly used to express permission or, as in this case, a self-directed suggestion or intention.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata kerja kausatif 'let' diikuti oleh objek dan infinitif tanpa 'to' (kata kerja tanpa 'to'). Ia sering digunakan untuk menyatakan kebenaran, atau seperti dalam ayat ini, untuk menyatakan cadangan atau niat diri.
Let me confirm the reservation before we leave.
Biar saya sahkan tempahan sebelum kita bertolak.
EN: The use of 'a' before specific laboratory equipment serves as a count noun marker. In scientific contexts, precision in naming items (e.g., 'conical flask' vs. 'beaker') is essential for clarity and safety.
Bahasa Melayu: Penggunaan 'a' sebelum peralatan makmal tertentu berfungsi sebagai penanda kata nama boleh dikira. Dalam konteks saintifik, penamaan objek yang tepat (contohnya: 'kelalang dasar bulat' berbanding 'bikar') adalah penting untuk kejelasan dan keselamatan.
Please pass me a graduated pipette.
Tolong hulurkan saya satu pipet bergraduat.
EN: The question 'Is that everything?' is a fixed idiomatic expression used to verify if a list is complete or if all necessary tasks/items have been addressed.
Bahasa Melayu: Soalan 'Is that everything?' ialah ungkapan idiomatik tetap yang digunakan untuk mengesahkan sama ada senarai itu lengkap, atau sama ada semua tugas/barangan yang perlu telah diuruskan.
I've packed the tent, the sleeping bags, and the stove. Is that everything?
Saya telah mengemas khemah, beg tidur, dan dapur. Itu sahaja?
EN: In academic and professional STEM environments, precision is a cultural value. Using the exact names for equipment (like 'conical flask' instead of just 'bottle') demonstrates competence and adherence to safety standards.
EN: The sentence uses 'Should' at the beginning to form a conditional clause (Inversion in First Conditional). This is a formal alternative to 'If you should notice' or 'If you notice', often used in professional or academic instructions to express a possibility.
Bahasa Melayu: Ayat ini menggunakan 'Should' pada permulaan untuk membentuk klausa bersyarat (penyongsangan kondisional pertama). Ini adalah alternatif formal kepada 'If you should notice' atau 'If you notice', sering digunakan dalam arahan profesional atau akademik untuk menyatakan keadaan yang mungkin berlaku.
Should you require further assistance, please do not hesitate to contact our department.
Sekiranya anda memerlukan bantuan lanjut, sila hubungi jabatan kami.
EN: The word 'irregularities' functions as the direct object of the verb 'notice'. In a scientific context, it refers to deviations from the expected norm or standard results.
Bahasa Melayu: Perkataan 'irregularities' berfungsi sebagai objek langsung bagi kata kerja 'notice'. Dalam konteks saintifik, ia merujuk kepada anomali yang menyimpang daripada keputusan normal atau standard yang dijangkakan.
The technician identified several irregularities in the data set.
Juruteknik itu menemui beberapa kejanggalan dalam set data.
EN: In academic and scientific settings, maintaining a 'logbook' is a legal and ethical requirement. It serves as a permanent record of observations, ensuring that data can be verified by others. The use of formal language like 'Should you...' reflects the serious nature of laboratory protocols.
EN: The phrase 'Will do' is an elliptical expression common in spoken English, where the subject 'I' is omitted. It functions as a concise way to confirm agreement or commitment to a request.
Bahasa Melayu: "Will do" ialah ungkapan elips yang biasa dalam bahasa Inggeris lisan, di mana subjek "I" digugurkan. Ia merupakan cara ringkas untuk mengesahkan persetujuan atau komitmen untuk melaksanakan permintaan.
A: Could you send me the file? B: Will do.
A: Bolehkah anda hantar fail itu kepada saya? B: Baiklah, saya akan uruskan.
EN: 'Provided that' is a formal subordinating conjunction used to express a condition. It is synonymous with 'if' or 'on the condition that', but carries a more precise, often contractual or procedural tone.
Bahasa Melayu: "Provided that" ialah kata hubung subordinat formal yang digunakan untuk menyatakan syarat. Ia sinonim dengan "if" atau "on the condition that", tetapi membawa nada yang lebih tepat, selalunya bersifat kontraktual atau prosedural.
You may borrow the car, provided that you return it by midnight.
Anda boleh meminjam kereta ini, dengan syarat anda memulangkannya sebelum tengah malam.
EN: In academic and scientific settings, intellectual property and safety protocols are strictly enforced. Asking for permission to take photos ('provided that's permitted') demonstrates professional etiquette and respect for laboratory rules, which may prohibit photography due to sensitive research or safety concerns.
EN: The phrase 'By all means' is a polite and emphatic way to give permission or express agreement, often used in formal or semi-formal registers to encourage the listener.
Bahasa Melayu: Frasa "By all means" ialah cara yang sopan dan tegas untuk memberi kebenaran atau menyatakan persetujuan. Ia sering digunakan dalam situasi formal atau separa formal untuk menggalakkan pendengar.
If you have any further questions, please contact me by all means.
Jika anda mempunyai sebarang soalan lanjut, sila hubungi saya.
EN: The conjunction 'once' is used to mean 'as soon as' or 'after'. In this context, it introduces a time clause using the present perfect tense ('have obtained') to emphasize the completion of an action before the main instruction.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata hubung "once" bermaksud "sebaik sahaja" atau "apabila". Dalam konteks ini, ia memperkenalkan klausa masa dan menggunakan kala kini sempurna (have obtained) untuk menekankan tindakan yang mesti diselesaikan sebelum arahan utama dilaksanakan.
Once you have signed the contract, we can proceed with the project.
Sebaik sahaja anda menandatangani kontrak, kami boleh memulakan projek itu.
EN: The imperative mood ('compare') is used here to give a direct instruction. It is followed by the preposition 'with' to indicate the two items being evaluated against each other.
Bahasa Melayu: Mood imperatif (compare) digunakan di sini untuk memberi arahan langsung. Ia diikuti oleh preposisi "with" untuk menunjukkan dua perkara yang dinilai secara bersama.
Compare the original document with the translated version to ensure accuracy.
Bandingkan dokumen asal dengan versi terjemahan untuk memastikan ketepatan.
EN: In academic and professional settings, 'By all means' is a common way for a superior (like a professor) to encourage a subordinate's initiative (like taking photos for a report). It sounds more supportive and formal than just saying 'Yes' or 'Sure'.
EN: The phrase 'What if' is used to introduce a hypothetical situation, often expressing concern, curiosity, or a request for guidance on a potential future problem.
Bahasa Melayu: Frasa "What if" digunakan untuk memperkenalkan situasi hipotetikal, selalunya untuk menyatakan kebimbangan, rasa ingin tahu, atau untuk mendapatkan panduan tentang potensi masalah.
What if the flight is delayed and we miss our connection?
Bagaimana jika kelewatan penerbangan menyebabkan kita terlepas sambungan?
EN: The verb 'deviate' is a formal term often used in scientific or statistical contexts to describe a departure from a standard, norm, or expected path, typically followed by the preposition 'from'.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata kerja "deviate" ialah istilah formal yang sering digunakan dalam konteks saintifik atau statistik untuk menggambarkan penyelewengan daripada piawaian, norma, atau laluan yang dijangkakan, biasanya diikuti oleh preposisi "from".
The final product must not deviate from the original design specifications.
Produk akhir tidak boleh sesekali menyimpang daripada spesifikasi reka bentuk asal.
EN: The past tense 'anticipated' is used here within a relative clause to refer to an expectation formed prior to the current moment of observation.
Bahasa Melayu: Kala lampau "anticipated" digunakan di sini dalam klausa relatif untuk merujuk kepada jangkaan yang terbentuk sebelum masa pemerhatian semasa.
The turnout for the event was much higher than the organizers had anticipated.
Kehadiran acara itu jauh lebih tinggi daripada yang dijangkakan oleh penganjur.
EN: In academic and scientific settings, questioning potential errors or unexpected outcomes is highly valued. It demonstrates critical thinking and a proactive approach to the scientific method rather than a fear of failure.
EN: Negative Inversion with 'Not only': When 'not only' starts a clause, the auxiliary verb (do/does/did) or modal verb must precede the subject, creating a question-like word order for emphasis.
Bahasa Melayu: Penyongsangan negatif dengan 'Not only': Apabila 'not only' memulakan klausa, kata bantu (seperti does) atau kata kerja modal mesti dipindahkan ke hadapan subjek, menghasilkan susunan kata seperti soalan, untuk memberikan penekanan.
Not only did he complete the project early, but he also exceeded the performance targets.
Dia bukan sahaja menyiapkan projek lebih awal, malah melebihi sasaran prestasi.
EN: The correlative conjunction 'Not only... but (also)': This structure connects two parallel clauses or phrases. In formal academic contexts, 'also' is sometimes omitted or replaced by 'as well' at the end of the sentence.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata hubung korelatif 'Not only... but (also)': Struktur ini menghubungkan dua klausa atau frasa yang setara. Dalam konteks akademik formal, 'also' kadangkala digugurkan, atau digantikan dengan 'as well' di hujung ayat.
The study not only identifies the cause of the disease but suggests potential treatments.
Kajian ini bukan sahaja mengenal pasti punca penyakit itu, tetapi juga mencadangkan rawatan yang berpotensi.
EN: In scientific discourse, 'discrepancy' and 'hypothesis' are key terms. The professor's attitude reflects the 'Scientific Method' culture, where unexpected results are not seen as failures but as essential data for refining theories.
EN: The comparative structure 'as much about A as (about) B' is used to emphasize that two things are equally important, or to shift focus to the first element (A) as being just as significant as the more obvious second element (B).
Bahasa Melayu: Struktur perbandingan "as much about A as (about) B" digunakan untuk menekankan bahawa dua perkara adalah sama penting, atau untuk menunjukkan bahawa perkara pertama (A) mempunyai kepentingan yang sama dengan perkara kedua (B) yang lebih jelas.
Leadership is as much about listening as it is about giving orders.
Kepimpinan bukan sekadar memberi arahan, tetapi lebih kepada mendengar.
EN: The verb 'suppose' is used here to express a tentative belief or a conclusion reached based on the evidence provided in the conversation. It conveys a reflective and slightly formal register.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata kerja "suppose" digunakan di sini untuk menyatakan kepercayaan awal atau kesimpulan berdasarkan bukti dalam perbualan. Ia menyampaikan nada yang termenung dan agak formal.
I suppose we should reconsider our initial strategy.
Saya rasa kita patut mempertimbangkan semula strategi asal.
EN: Gerunds (embracing, celebrating) are used after the preposition 'about' to function as nouns, describing the core essence or activities of a subject.
Bahasa Melayu: Gerund (embracing, celebrating) digunakan selepas preposisi "about" untuk berfungsi sebagai kata nama, menggambarkan intipati atau aktiviti teras subjek.
Life is about taking risks and learning from them.
Hidup adalah tentang mengambil risiko dan belajar daripadanya.
EN: In Western scientific culture, failure is often viewed as a necessary stepping stone to discovery rather than a personal shortcoming. This sentence reflects the 'growth mindset' prevalent in modern academic and professional environments.
EN: The structure 'couldn't have + past participle' is used to express that something was already done to the highest possible degree or that a better outcome was impossible. It is a common way to show strong agreement.
Bahasa Melayu: Struktur "couldn't have + past participle" digunakan untuk menyatakan bahawa sesuatu telah mencapai tahap maksimum, atau tidak mungkin ada hasil yang lebih baik. Ini adalah cara biasa untuk menyatakan persetujuan yang kuat.
I couldn't have finished the project without your help.
Saya tidak mungkin menyiapkan projek ini tanpa bantuan anda.
EN: The tag question 'shall we?' is used after 'let's' to make a suggestion sound more polite, inclusive, or to seek confirmation from the listener.
Bahasa Melayu: Soalan tag "shall we?" digunakan selepas "let's" untuk menjadikan cadangan itu kedengaran lebih sopan, inklusif, atau untuk mendapatkan pengesahan daripada pendengar.
Let's take a break, shall we?
Mari kita berehat sebentar, boleh?
EN: In academic or professional settings, using 'shall we?' instead of a direct command is a way to soften the tone and show that the speaker values the other person's participation, reflecting a collaborative spirit.
Kosa kata utama dengan sebutan IPA, definisi, contoh ayat, dan kuiz interaktif.
Dalam konteks: berasa gentar atau takut
Dalam konteks: semula jadi, sedia ada
Dalam konteks: tidak boleh diketepikan, amat perlu
Dalam konteks: menyedut, mengeluarkan (merujuk kepada menarik keluar gas)
Dalam konteks: hipotesis saintifik
Dalam konteks: kinetik
Dalam konteks: kelainan, keadaan tidak normal
Dalam konteks: menyimpang, terkeluar daripada
Dalam konteks: perbezaan, ketidakselarasan
Dalam konteks: menerima dengan rela hati, mengamalkan dengan positif
Frasa dengan label jenis, definisi dwibahasa, nota penggunaan, dan contoh ayat.
Most importantly; more than anything else.
Pertama dan yang paling utama
Never; used to emphasize that something should not happen.
Dalam apa jua keadaan sekalipun tidak
To prepare or arrange something for use.
Menyediakan, memasang, bersiap sedia
Of course; used to give permission or encouragement.
Tentu sekali, silakan (melakukan sesuatu)
Used to express complete agreement with what someone has just said.
Saya sangat bersetuju, tidak boleh diungkapkan dengan lebih baik lagi
A ventilated enclosure in a laboratory, in which harmful volatile chemicals can be used or kept to prevent the inhalation of toxic vapors.
Kebuk wasap
A long, sturdy work table used for scientific research, experiments, or manual work in a laboratory.
Meja makmal
A piece of laboratory glassware with a flat bottom, a conical body, and a cylindrical neck, also known as an Erlenmeyer flask.
Kelalang kon
A common piece of laboratory equipment used to measure the volume of a liquid, characterized by its narrow, cylindrical shape and marked graduations.
Silinder penyukat
The branch of physical chemistry that is concerned with understanding the rates of chemical reactions.
Kinetik tindak balas