‘It was too easy’: families ask how Kenneth Law enabled so many suicides"Terlalu mudah": pihak keluarga mempersoalkan bagaimana Kenneth Law mempermudah begitu banyak kes bunuh diri
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EN: The past participle phrase 'linked to...' functions as an adjectival modifier (reduced relative clause) providing additional information about the subject. It is equivalent to 'who is/was linked to'.
Bahasa Melayu: Frasa participle lampau "linked to..." (berkaitan dengan...) berfungsi sebagai penerang adjektif (klausa relatif yang diringkaskan), digunakan untuk memberikan maklumat tambahan tentang subjek. Ini bersamaan dengan "who is/was linked to" (yang berkaitan dengan).
The evidence linked to the crime was discovered in the basement.
Bukti yang berkaitan dengan jenayah itu ditemui di ruang bawah tanah.
EN: The verb 'plead' is used in legal contexts with the pattern 'plead guilty/not guilty to [charge]'. It indicates a formal statement in court.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata kerja "plead" digunakan dalam konteks undang-undang dengan pola "plead guilty/not guilty to [jenayah]", yang bermaksud mengaku atau tidak mengaku bersalah secara rasmi di mahkamah.
The defendant decided to plead guilty to the charges of fraud.
Tertuduh memutuskan untuk mengaku bersalah terhadap tuduhan penipuan.
EN: Appositives (e.g., 'a sixty-year-old Canadian man...') are used to rename or describe a noun immediately preceding them, often set off by commas to provide non-essential but descriptive detail.
Bahasa Melayu: Apositif (contohnya, "a sixty-year-old Canadian man...") digunakan untuk menamakan semula atau menerangkan kata nama yang terletak serta-merta di hadapannya, biasanya dipisahkan dengan koma, memberikan butiran yang tidak penting tetapi deskriptif.
Mr. Smith, a veteran teacher at our school, is retiring next month.
Encik Smith, seorang guru kanan di sekolah kami, akan bersara pada bulan hadapan.
EN: In common law systems like those in Canada and the UK, 'pleading guilty' is a formal step that often leads directly to sentencing, bypassing a full trial. The mention of 'fourteen fatal poisonings' highlights the gravity of the case within the legal system.
EN: The Past Perfect tense ('had operated') is used to describe an action that was completed before another point in time or another action in the past. In this context, it establishes the background of Law's criminal activities prior to the legal proceedings mentioned in the text.
Bahasa Melayu: Kasa lampau sempurna (had + kata kerja) digunakan untuk menerangkan tindakan yang telah selesai sebelum satu titik masa lampau atau tindakan lampau yang lain. Dalam konteks ini, ia mewujudkan latar belakang aktiviti jenayah 'Law' sebelum dia menghadapi tindakan undang-undang.
By the time the police arrived, the suspect had already deleted all the digital evidence.
Apabila polis tiba, suspek telah memadam semua bukti digital.
EN: The relative pronoun 'which' preceded by the preposition 'through' creates a formal relative clause. 'Through which' indicates the medium or means (the network of storefronts) by which the main action (selling substances) was performed.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata sendi 'through' diikuti oleh kata ganti relatif 'which' membentuk klausa relatif yang formal. 'Through which' menunjukkan medium atau cara (rangkaian kedai) untuk menjalankan tindakan utama (menjual bahan).
The company established a platform through which users could share their experiences.
Syarikat itu membina platform di mana pengguna boleh berkongsi pengalaman mereka.
EN: The phrase 'more than' is used as a quantifier to indicate a number exceeding a specific amount. In formal news reporting, it is often preferred over 'over' to maintain a precise and objective tone.
Bahasa Melayu: Frasa "more than" digunakan sebagai kata kuantiti untuk menunjukkan bilangan yang melebihi jumlah tertentu. Dalam laporan berita formal, ia lebih disukai daripada "over" untuk mengekalkan nada yang tepat dan objektif.
More than fifty witnesses were interviewed during the investigation.
Lebih daripada lima puluh saksi telah ditemu bual semasa siasatan.
EN: The term 'vulnerable individuals' in a legal and social context often refers to people who are at a higher risk of harm due to their mental health, age, or personal circumstances. In this case, it specifically points to those struggling with suicidal ideation who were targeted by Law's business.
EN: The use of 'that' as a conjunction to introduce a noun clause acting as the direct object of the verb 'revealed'. This is common in reporting findings or speech.
Bahasa Melayu: Penggunaan 'that' sebagai kata hubung untuk memperkenalkan klausa kata nama yang berfungsi sebagai objek langsung kepada kata kerja 'revealed'. Ini sangat biasa dalam laporan penyiasatan atau pernyataan fakta.
The report revealed that the company had ignored safety warnings.
Laporan itu mendedahkan bahawa syarikat tersebut telah mengabaikan amaran keselamatan.
EN: The 'with + noun + participle/adjective' structure (absolute construction) is used here to provide additional circumstantial information or detail about the preceding clause.
Bahasa Melayu: Struktur "with + kata nama + participle/kata adjektif" (satu bentuk binaan mutlak) digunakan di sini untuk memberikan butiran tambahan atau maklumat persekitaran tentang klausa sebelumnya.
The meeting ended, with many questions still left unanswered.
Mesyuarat telah berakhir, dengan banyak soalan masih belum dijawab.
EN: The past participle 'destined' functions as an adjective here, meaning 'intended for a specific destination'. It is often followed by the preposition 'for'.
Bahasa Melayu: Partisipel lampau 'destined' berfungsi sebagai kata adjektif di sini, bermaksud 'ditujukan untuk pergi ke suatu tempat'. Ia biasanya diikuti dengan kata sendi 'for'.
The cargo was destined for a remote island in the Pacific.
Kargo ini ditujukan untuk dihantar ke sebuah pulau terpencil di Lautan Pasifik.
EN: The mention of 'Ontario' and the 'United Kingdom/United States' highlights the international scope of modern cybercrime. In legal contexts, 'revealed' is often used by authorities to present evidence found during an investigation.
EN: This sentence uses an inverted structure where the prepositional phrase 'Among Law's victims' is placed at the beginning for emphasis, followed by the verb 'was' and then the subject 'Aimee Walton'. This is common in formal writing to create a smooth transition from the previous context.
Bahasa Melayu: Ayat ini menggunakan struktur songsang di mana frasa kata sendi 'Among Law's victims' diletakkan di awal ayat untuk penekanan, diikuti oleh kata kerja 'was', dan akhirnya subjek 'Aimee Walton'. Struktur ini sering digunakan dalam penulisan formal untuk menghubungkan konteks.
Among the guests was a famous actor from Hollywood.
Di antara tetamu, terdapat seorang pelakon terkenal dari Hollywood.
EN: The phrase 'a young woman from Southampton' acts as an appositive, providing additional information about the proper noun 'Aimee Walton'.
Bahasa Melayu: Frasa "a young woman from Southampton" berfungsi sebagai apositif, memberikan maklumat tambahan tentang kata nama khas 'Aimee Walton'.
Mr. Smith, a teacher at our school, won the marathon.
Encik Smith, seorang guru di sekolah kami, telah memenangi perlumbaan maraton.
EN: The relative clause 'who loved music and art' uses the relative pronoun 'who' to modify the noun 'woman', providing descriptive detail about her character.
Bahasa Melayu: Klausa relatif "who loved music and art" menggunakan kata ganti relatif "who" untuk menerangkan kata nama "woman", memberikan butiran deskriptif tentang keperibadiannya.
I have a friend who speaks five languages fluently.
Saya mempunyai seorang kawan yang boleh bertutur dalam lima bahasa dengan fasih.
EN: Southampton is a major port city on the south coast of England. Mentioning a victim's specific hometown and personal interests (music and art) is a common journalistic technique to 'humanize' the story, moving it from abstract statistics to a personal tragedy.
EN: The Past Perfect Passive ('had been' + past participle) is used to describe an action that was completed before another action in the past, emphasizing that the subject was the recipient of the action.
Bahasa Melayu: Suara pasif lampau sempurna ("had been" + kata kerja lampau) digunakan untuk menerangkan tindakan yang telah selesai sebelum tindakan lain pada masa lalu, dan menekankan bahawa subjek adalah penerima tindakan tersebut.
The documents had been shredded before the investigators arrived.
Dokumen-dokumen itu telah dihancurkan sebelum penyiasat tiba.
EN: The relative clause starting with 'that glorified suicide' uses the relative pronoun 'that' to provide essential information about the preceding noun 'online forum'.
Bahasa Melayu: Klausa relatif yang bermula dengan 'that glorified suicide' menggunakan kata ganti relatif 'that' untuk memberikan maklumat penting tentang kata pendahulu 'online forum' (forum dalam talian).
He visited a website that promoted healthy living.
Dia melawat sebuah laman web yang mempromosikan gaya hidup sihat.
EN: The prepositional phrase 'before purchasing' uses the gerund (-ing form) after the preposition 'before' to indicate the sequence of events without repeating the subject.
Bahasa Melayu: Frasa kata sendi 'before purchasing' menggunakan gerund (bentuk -ing) selepas kata sendi 'before' untuk menunjukkan urutan peristiwa, tanpa perlu mengulang subjek.
Always read the instructions before operating the machinery.
Sebelum mengoperasikan mesin, sila baca manual arahan dengan teliti.
EN: The term 'groomed' in this context refers to a predatory process where someone builds a relationship and trust with a vulnerable person to manipulate or exploit them, often leading to harmful outcomes. This case highlights the growing concern over digital safety and the role of online communities in radicalizing or endangering individuals.
EN: Inversion in conditional sentences (Third Conditional) is used to express hypothetical past situations. By omitting 'if' and placing the auxiliary verb 'had' before the subject, the tone becomes more formal and literary.
Bahasa Melayu: Penyongsangan dalam ayat bersyarat (Kedua Tiga) digunakan untuk menyatakan andaian yang bertentangan dengan fakta masa lalu. Dengan menghilangkan "if" dan meletakkan kata bantu "had" sebelum subjek, nada menjadi lebih formal dan bersifat sastera.
Had I known about the meeting, I would have attended.
Sekiranya saya tahu tentang mesyuarat itu pada masa itu, saya akan hadir.
EN: Mixed Conditionals (Type 3 + Type 2) are used when a past action or condition has a continuing result in the present. Here, 'had intervened' (past) is paired with 'might still be alive' (present state).
Bahasa Melayu: Ayat bersyarat campuran (Jenis 3 + Jenis 2) digunakan untuk menerangkan kesan berterusan tindakan atau keadaan masa lalu terhadap masa kini. Dalam ayat ini, "had intervened" (tindakan campur tangan yang berlaku pada masa lalu) digabungkan dengan "might still be alive" (keadaan hidup pada masa kini).
If he had taken the medicine yesterday, he would feel better now.
Jika dia mengambil ubat semalam, dia akan berasa lebih baik sekarang.
EN: Parenthetical insertion (interrupter) involves placing a phrase like 'her family argued' in the middle of a sentence to provide attribution or context without changing the core grammatical structure.
Bahasa Melayu: Penyisipan kurungan (interrupter) melibatkan meletakkan frasa seperti "her family argued" di tengah-tengah ayat untuk memberikan sumber atau maklumat latar belakang tanpa mengubah struktur tatabahasa teras.
The results, the researchers claimed, were statistically significant.
Para penyelidik mendakwa bahawa keputusan ini adalah signifikan secara statistik.
EN: The use of 'argued' in a legal or news context often implies a formal statement or a position taken by a party in a dispute, rather than a simple disagreement. It highlights the family's active pursuit of accountability against institutions.
EN: The modal construction 'would have + past participle' is used here to express a hypothetical situation in the past—something that was expected or intended to happen but did not occur because of a tragic intervention.
Bahasa Melayu: Struktur kata kerja modal 'would have + past participle' digunakan di sini untuk menyatakan suasana subjungtif pada masa lalu, menggambarkan situasi yang pada asalnya dijangka atau dirancang untuk berlaku, tetapi tidak dapat direalisasikan kerana sesuatu perubahan (dalam kes ini, tragedi).
If the flight hadn't been cancelled, he would have arrived by now.
Jika penerbangan itu tidak dibatalkan, dia sepatutnya sudah tiba sekarang.
EN: The word 'that' introduces a relative clause providing additional information about the 'milestone'. The use of 'now serves as' indicates a shift in the function or perception of an event over time.
Bahasa Melayu: Perkataan 'that' memperkenalkan klausa relatif yang memberikan maklumat tambahan tentang 'milestone (pencapaian penting)'. Penggunaan 'now serves as (kini berfungsi sebagai)' menunjukkan bahawa fungsi atau persepsi sesuatu peristiwa telah berubah mengikut peredaran masa.
The old factory now serves as a contemporary art gallery.
Kilang lama ini kini berfungsi sebagai galeri seni kontemporari.
EN: The mention of a 'twenty-fifth birthday' as a 'milestone' reflects the cultural significance of quarter-century birthdays in many Western societies, often seen as a transition into full adulthood. The term 'institutional failure' in this context refers to the perceived negligence of police and government bodies in protecting vulnerable citizens from online harm.
EN: The present perfect tense ('have long maintained') is used here to describe an action that started in the past and continues to the present, emphasizing a persistent stance or belief. The adverb 'long' is placed between the auxiliary verb and the past participle.
Bahasa Melayu: Kasa kini sempurna (have long maintained) digunakan di sini untuk menerangkan tindakan yang bermula pada masa lalu dan berterusan hingga kini, menekankan pendirian atau kepercayaan yang berkekalan. Kata keterangan "long" diletakkan di antara kata bantu dan kata kerja.
Environmentalists have long maintained that urgent action is needed to combat climate change.
Para aktivis alam sekitar telah lama menegaskan bahawa tindakan kecemasan perlu diambil untuk memerangi perubahan iklim.
EN: The passive voice in the past tense ('were dismissed') shifts the focus from the actors (police and government) to the warnings themselves. This is common in formal reporting to emphasize the impact on the subject.
Bahasa Melayu: Suara pasif dalam kasa lampau (were dismissed) mengalihkan fokus daripada pelaku (polisi dan kerajaan) kepada amaran itu sendiri. Ini adalah biasa dalam laporan rasmi untuk menekankan kesan terhadap subjek.
The concerns raised by the local community were dismissed by the developers.
Kebimbangan yang dibangkitkan oleh komuniti tempatan telah diabaikan oleh pemaju.
EN: The correlative conjunction 'both... and...' is used to link two equivalent elements (police and government officials), emphasizing that the action applies to both parties equally.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata hubung korelatif "both... and..." digunakan untuk menghubungkan dua elemen yang setara (polisi dan pegawai kerajaan), menekankan bahawa tindakan itu berlaku kepada kedua-dua pihak.
The new policy was supported by both the ruling party and the opposition.
Dasar baharu itu mendapat sokongan daripada kedua-dua parti pemerintah dan parti pembangkang.
EN: In the context of British and international legal discourse, 'bereaved families' often refers to those who have lost loved ones and are seeking justice or systemic change. The term 'dismissed' here carries a heavy connotation of institutional neglect, suggesting that the authorities did not take the warnings seriously enough to act.
EN: The present perfect tense ('has solidified') is used here to describe a past action or change that has a direct result or relevance to the current situation. The verb 'solidify' metaphorically describes an abstract feeling (frustration) becoming a concrete action (a demand).
Bahasa Melayu: Kasa kini sempurna (has solidified) digunakan di sini untuk menerangkan tindakan atau perubahan yang berlaku pada masa lalu dan mempunyai kesan atau kaitan langsung dengan keadaan semasa. Kata kerja "solidify" (memadatkan, mengukuhkan) digunakan secara kiasan untuk menggambarkan perubahan emosi abstrak (kekecewaan) menjadi tindakan konkrit (tuntutan).
The initial rumors have now solidified into a major political scandal.
Khabar angin awal kini telah berkembang menjadi skandal politik yang besar.
EN: The preposition 'into' is used after verbs of change or transformation (like 'solidify', 'turn', 'transform') to indicate the resulting state or form.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata sendi 'into' digunakan selepas kata kerja yang menunjukkan perubahan atau transformasi (seperti solidify, turn, transform) untuk menunjukkan keadaan atau bentuk hasil selepas perubahan tersebut.
The protest evolved into a nationwide movement for reform.
Protes itu telah berkembang menjadi gerakan pembaharuan di seluruh negara.
EN: The noun 'inquiry' is frequently followed by the preposition 'into' to specify the subject being investigated. This is a common collocation in formal and legal English.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata nama 'inquiry' (penyiasatan) sering diikuti oleh kata sendi 'into' untuk menentukan objek penyiasatan. Ini adalah kolokasi yang biasa dalam bahasa Inggeris formal dan undang-undang.
The government launched an inquiry into the cause of the plane crash.
Kerajaan telah membuka siasatan terhadap punca kemalangan pesawat itu.
EN: In the UK and other Commonwealth systems, a 'public inquiry' is a major official investigation ordered by the government into matters of intense public concern. It has more weight than a standard police report and often leads to significant changes in law or policy.
EN: The use of a non-defining relative clause (starting with 'where') provides additional descriptive information about 'pro-suicide forums' without changing its core identity. It is set off by commas.
Bahasa Melayu: Penggunaan klausa relatif bukan penentu (bermula dengan 'where') memberikan maklumat deskriptif tambahan tentang "forum yang menggalakkan bunuh diri" tanpa mengubah identiti terasnya. Klausa ini dipisahkan dengan koma.
The local community center, where many elderly people gather daily, is facing budget cuts.
Pusat komuniti tempatan—tempat ramai warga tua berkumpul setiap hari—sedang menghadapi pemotongan bajet.
EN: The passive voice 'have been permitted' combined with the present perfect tense emphasizes a continuous state of neglect or allowance from the past up to the present moment.
Bahasa Melayu: Suara pasif 'have been permitted' digabungkan dengan kala kini sempurna (present perfect) menekankan keadaan pengabaian atau kebenaran yang berterusan dari masa lalu hingga kini.
Illegal street racing has been permitted to continue despite numerous complaints.
Walaupun banyak aduan, perlumbaan jalanan haram masih dibenarkan untuk diteruskan.
EN: The adverb 'unchecked' functions as a complement to the verb 'operate', describing the manner in which the action occurs (without restraint or supervision).
Bahasa Melayu: Kata keterangan 'unchecked' berfungsi sebagai pelengkap kepada kata kerja 'operate', menerangkan cara tindakan itu berlaku (tanpa sekatan atau pengawasan).
The virus spread unchecked throughout the population for weeks.
Virus itu merebak tanpa kawalan dalam kalangan penduduk selama beberapa minggu.
EN: The term 'groomed' in this context refers to the psychological manipulation of vulnerable individuals, often online, to lead them toward self-harm or exploitation. This reflects a growing legal and social concern in the UK and other Western countries regarding 'digital harm' and the responsibility of platform moderators.
EN: Subject-Complement Inversion: In formal English, when an adjective phrase (like 'Equally pressing') acts as a subject complement, it can be moved to the beginning of the sentence for emphasis, causing the subject and verb to swap places.
Bahasa Melayu: Penyongsangan subjek-pelengkap: Dalam bahasa Inggeris formal, apabila frasa adjektif (seperti 'Equally pressing') berfungsi sebagai pelengkap subjek, ia boleh dipindahkan ke awal ayat untuk penekanan, menyebabkan subjek dan kata kerja bertukar tempat.
Included in the report are several recommendations for safety.
Laporan tersebut mengandungi beberapa cadangan tentang keselamatan.
EN: Noun Clauses with 'How': The word 'how' introduces a subordinate noun clause that functions as the complement of the noun 'question'. It explains the content of the question in detail.
Bahasa Melayu: Klausa kata nama dengan 'How': Perkataan 'how' memperkenalkan klausa kata nama subordinat yang berfungsi sebagai pelengkap kepada kata nama 'question', menerangkan secara terperinci kandungan soalan tersebut.
The mystery of how the thief entered the building remains unsolved.
Misteri tentang bagaimana pencuri masuk ke dalam bangunan itu masih belum terungkai.
EN: Compound Adjectives with Adverbs: 'Loosely regulated' is a compound adjective formed by an adverb ending in '-ly' and a past participle. Note that adverbs ending in '-ly' do not take a hyphen when forming compound adjectives.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata adjektif majmuk dengan kata keterangan: 'Loosely regulated' ialah kata adjektif majmuk yang terdiri daripada kata keterangan yang berakhir dengan '-ly' dan participle lampau. Perhatikan bahawa kata keterangan yang berakhir dengan '-ly' tidak memerlukan tanda sempang apabila membentuk kata adjektif majmuk.
The highly developed city attracts many tourists.
Bandar yang sangat maju ini menarik ramai pelancong.
EN: The phrase 'loosely regulated market' often appears in political and economic discourse to criticize a lack of government oversight. In the context of the internet, it refers to the 'Dark Web' or niche forums where illegal activities occur due to the difficulty of international policing.
EN: The present perfect tense ('have emphasised') is used here to indicate a past action that has strong relevance or continuing impact on the current situation, often used in news reporting to introduce recent developments.
Bahasa Melayu: Kasa kini sempurna (have emphasised) digunakan di sini untuk menunjukkan tindakan yang berlaku pada masa lalu yang mempunyai kaitan atau kesan yang kuat terhadap keadaan semasa, sering digunakan dalam laporan berita untuk memperkenalkan perkembangan atau pandangan terkini.
Experts have warned that the new policy could lead to unforeseen consequences.
Para pakar telah memberi amaran bahawa dasar baharu ini boleh menyebabkan akibat yang tidak dapat diramalkan.
EN: The verb 'expose' is used figuratively to mean revealing something hidden or secret, particularly a weakness, flaw, or crime. In a C1 context, it often collocates with 'gaps', 'flaws', or 'vulnerabilities'.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata kerja "expose" digunakan secara kiasan di sini untuk bermaksud mendedahkan sesuatu yang tersembunyi atau rahsia, terutamanya kelemahan, kecacatan, atau jenayah. Dalam konteks tahap C1, ia sering digabungkan dengan "gaps" (lubang/jurang), "flaws" (kecacatan), atau "vulnerabilities" (kelemahan).
The audit exposed several security flaws in the company's internal system.
Audit itu mendedahkan beberapa kelemahan keselamatan dalam sistem dalaman syarikat.
EN: The noun clause starting with 'that' serves as the direct object of the verb 'emphasised', allowing the speaker to present a complex statement or fact as the focus of the sentence.
Bahasa Melayu: Klausa kata nama yang bermula dengan 'that' berfungsi sebagai objek langsung kepada kata kerja 'emphasised', membolehkan penutur meletakkan satu pernyataan atau fakta yang kompleks sebagai fokus utama ayat.
The report concluded that immediate action is required to prevent further damage.
Laporan itu membuat kesimpulan bahawa tindakan segera perlu diambil untuk mengelakkan kerosakan selanjutnya.
EN: In the context of digital safety, 'oversight' refers to the regulatory supervision by government or independent bodies. The term 'advocates' highlights the role of non-governmental organizations and activist groups in shaping public policy and demanding accountability in Western legal and social systems.
EN: Inverted Conditional (Second Conditional): The sentence uses 'Were + subject + to-infinitive' to express a hypothetical situation in the present or future. This is a formal alternative to 'If governments were to implement...'. It emphasizes the remote possibility or formal tone.
Bahasa Melayu: Ayat bersyarat songsang (Jenis Kedua): Ayat ini menggunakan "Were + subjek + to-infinitif" untuk menyatakan andaian tentang keadaan masa kini atau masa depan. Ini adalah alternatif formal untuk "If governments were to implement...", menekankan andaian yang kurang berkemungkinan atau digunakan dalam konteks formal.
Were the company to face bankruptcy, the employees would lose their jobs.
Sekiranya syarikat menghadapi kebankrapan, pekerja akan kehilangan pekerjaan.
EN: Passive Voice with Modal Verbs: 'Could potentially be averted' uses the structure 'modal + be + past participle'. It indicates that the action (averting tragedies) is possible but depends on the condition mentioned in the first clause.
Bahasa Melayu: Suara pasif dengan kata kerja modal: 'Could potentially be averted' menggunakan struktur "kata kerja modal + be + kata kerja lampau". Ini menunjukkan bahawa tindakan (mengelakkan tragedi) adalah mungkin, tetapi bergantung kepada syarat yang disebut dalam klausa sebelumnya.
The project could be completed ahead of schedule if we work together.
Jika kita bekerjasama, projek ini mungkin dapat disiapkan lebih awal.
EN: The sentence reflects a common theme in international law and safety debates: the tension between free trade/privacy and the need for government intervention to prevent crime. In the context of the UK and Canada, this highlights the challenges of regulating digital-age crimes that cross traditional borders.
EN: The use of 'which' introduces a non-restrictive relative clause, providing supplementary information about 'the sheer scale of Law's operation'. It is separated by commas and can be removed without changing the core meaning of the sentence.
Bahasa Melayu: Penggunaan 'which' memperkenalkan klausa relatif bukan penentu, memberikan maklumat tambahan tentang "skala tindakan Law". Klausa jenis ini biasanya dipisahkan dengan koma, dan jika ia dikeluarkan, makna teras ayat masih lengkap.
The new policy, which was implemented last month, has already shown positive results.
Dasar yang dilaksanakan pada bulan lepas telah menunjukkan hasil yang positif.
EN: The word 'sheer' is an emphatic adjective used to emphasize the size, amount, or degree of something, often suggesting that the quality alone is enough to cause a particular effect.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata 'sheer' ialah kata adjektif penekan yang digunakan untuk menekankan saiz, jumlah, atau tahap sesuatu, biasanya menunjukkan bahawa hanya sifat itu sendiri sudah cukup untuk menghasilkan kesan tertentu (dalam bahasa Melayu sering diterjemahkan sebagai "semata-mata" atau "sepenuhnya").
The sheer volume of data made it impossible to analyze manually.
Jumlah data yang begitu besar menjadikan analisis manual mustahil.
EN: The verb 'underscore' is a formal synonym for 'emphasize' or 'stress'. It literally means to draw a line under something, figuratively highlighting its importance.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata kerja 'underscore' ialah sinonim formal untuk 'emphasize' atau 'stress'. Secara literalnya bermaksud 'menggaris di bawah', dan secara kiasan menekankan kepentingan sesuatu.
The recent accidents underscore the need for better safety regulations.
Kemalangan baru-baru ini menekankan keperluan untuk memperketat peraturan keselamatan.
EN: The term 'institutional accountability' in a British context often refers to the responsibility of public bodies (like the NHS, police, or government) to answer for failures. This case highlights a growing debate in the UK and globally about the legal responsibility of digital platforms and state authorities in preventing online-mediated crimes.
EN: Negative Inversion: When a sentence begins with a negative expression like 'Not only', the auxiliary verb (must, do, have, etc.) is placed before the subject. This structure is used for emphasis and is common in formal writing or high-level journalism.
Bahasa Melayu: Penyongsangan negatif: Apabila ayat bermula dengan frasa yang bermakna negatif seperti 'Not only', kata bantu (seperti must, do, have, dll.) perlu diletakkan sebelum subjek. Struktur ini digunakan untuk menekankan nada, dan sering digunakan dalam penulisan formal atau laporan berita peringkat tinggi.
Not only did he complete the project on time, but he also exceeded all expectations.
Dia bukan sahaja menyelesaikan projek itu tepat pada masanya, tetapi juga melebihi semua jangkaan.
EN: Passive Voice with Modals: The structure 'must be held' and 'should face' (though 'face' is active here, 'be held responsible' is passive) indicates necessity or obligation. 'Be held responsible' is a common collocation meaning to be made to answer for one's actions.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata kerja modal dan suara pasif: Struktur 'must be held' bermaksud 'mesti dipertanggungjawabkan'. Di sini, 'be held responsible' ialah ungkapan tetap yang bermaksud seseorang atau organisasi mesti bertanggungjawab atas tindakan mereka.
The company should be held accountable for the environmental damage.
Syarikat itu harus bertanggungjawab atas kerosakan alam sekitar.
EN: Gerund after Prepositions: The word 'failing' is a gerund (verb+ing) acting as a noun after the preposition 'for'. It explains the reason for the 'scrutiny'.
Bahasa Melayu: Gerund selepas kata sendi: Perkataan 'failing' ialah gerund (kata kerja + -ing) yang berfungsi sebagai kata nama selepas kata sendi 'for', digunakan untuk menjelaskan sebab 'menghadapi penelitian'.
He was criticized for failing to provide adequate evidence.
Dia dikritik kerana gagal memberikan bukti yang mencukupi.
EN: The sentence reflects a growing global debate on the legal responsibility of digital platforms and logistics services. In many Western legal systems, 'common carriers' (like postal services) traditionally had limited liability for the contents of packages, but cases like 肯尼斯·勞's are pushing for stricter 'scrutiny' and accountability in the digital age.
Kosa kata utama dengan sebutan IPA, definisi, contoh ayat, dan kuiz interaktif.
Dalam konteks: mudah terdedah, rapuh
Dalam konteks: (untuk tujuan jahat) memperdaya, memanipulasi, memupuk hubungan
Dalam konteks: pencapaian penting, peristiwa besar
Dalam konteks: kehilangan orang tersayang
Dalam konteks: memperkukuh, memejalkan, menjadi teguh
Dalam konteks: dengan tidak tahu malu, dengan berani
Dalam konteks: pengawasan, pemantauan
Dalam konteks: mencegah, mengelakkan (bencana dll.)
Dalam konteks: tidak pernah berlaku sebelum ini, tiada tandingan
Dalam konteks: pemeriksaan, penelitian
Frasa dengan label jenis, definisi dwibahasa, nota penggunaan, dan contoh ayat.
To formally admit in a court of law that one has committed a crime.
Mengaku bersalah
An official investigation ordered by a government body into a matter of public concern.
Siasatan awam, pendengaran awam
To continue functioning without any control, restraint, or supervision.
Beroperasi tanpa kawalan, berjalan tanpa sekatan
The obligation of an organization or government body to explain its actions and be held responsible for its failures.
Kebertanggungjawaban institusi