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EN: The Present Perfect Tense ('have/has + past participle') is used here with 'since' to describe an action or state that began in the past and continues up to the present moment.
Bahasa Melayu: Present Perfect Tense (have/has + past participle) digunakan di sini dengan 'since' untuk menerangkan tindakan atau keadaan yang bermula pada satu titik masa pada masa lalu dan berterusan sehingga sekarang.
I have lived in this city since I was a child.
Saya telah tinggal di bandar ini sejak saya kecil.
EN: The conjunction 'since' introduces a specific point in time in the past. When 'since' is followed by a clause, that clause usually uses the Simple Past tense to mark the starting point.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata hubung 'since' digunakan untuk memperkenalkan titik masa tertentu pada masa lalu. Apabila 'since' diikuti oleh klausa, klausa tersebut biasanya menggunakan Simple Past Tense untuk menandakan titik permulaan.
He hasn't called me since he moved to London.
Dia tidak menghubungi saya sejak dia berpindah ke London.
EN: In Western culture, it is common to greet friends enthusiastically after they return from a trip, often followed by questions about their experiences. Mentioning the specific destination (Barcelona) shows that the speaker has been paying attention to the friend's life.
EN: The Present Perfect tense ('It's been' / 'It has been') is used here to describe a state that started in the past and continues to the present moment, often used with 'ages' to emphasize a long duration.
Bahasa Melayu: Present Perfect Tense (It's been / It has been) digunakan di sini untuk menerangkan keadaan yang bermula pada masa lalu dan berterusan sehingga sekarang, sering digunakan dengan 'ages' untuk menekankan tempoh masa yang lama.
It has been a long time since we last spoke.
Sudah lama sejak kita bercakap.
EN: The Past Simple tense ('came back') combined with a specific time expression ('two days ago') is used to indicate an action that was completed at a definite time in the past.
Bahasa Melayu: Simple Past Tense (came back) digabungkan dengan ungkapan masa yang spesifik ('two days ago') digunakan untuk menunjukkan tindakan yang selesai pada titik masa yang jelas pada masa lalu.
I finished the project three days ago.
Saya menyiapkan projek itu tiga hari yang lalu.
EN: In English-speaking cultures, 'It's been ages' is a common hyperbolic expression used to show enthusiasm when seeing someone after a period of time, even if it has only been a few weeks or months.
EN: The Imperative Mood is used to give commands, invitations, or suggestions. It is formed by using the base form of the verb without a subject (the implied subject is 'you').
Bahasa Melayu: Mod Imperatif digunakan untuk memberi arahan, jemputan, atau cadangan. Strukturnya ialah menggunakan kata kerja dalam bentuk asas, tanpa subjek (subjek tersirat ialah 'you').
Please take a seat and relax.
Sila duduk dan berehat.
EN: The Causative Verb 'let' is used to offer help or ask for permission. The structure is 'let + object + base verb'.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata Kerja Kausatif 'let' digunakan untuk menawarkan bantuan atau meminta kebenaran. Strukturnya ialah 'let + objek + kata kerja bentuk asas'.
Let me help you with those heavy bags.
Biarkan saya membantu anda membawa beg-beg yang berat itu.
EN: In Western culture, offering a guest something to drink (especially something warm like tea or coffee) is a standard gesture of hospitality and comfort when they arrive at your home or workplace.
EN: The auxiliary verb 'did' is used to form questions in the Past Simple tense. When 'did' is used, the main verb (catch) must remain in its base form (infinitive without 'to').
Bahasa Melayu: Kata bantu 'did' digunakan untuk membentuk soalan dalam Simple Past Tense. Apabila 'did' digunakan, kata kerja utama (catch) yang mengikutinya mesti kekal dalam bentuk asas.
Did you finish your homework before dinner?
Adakah anda menyiapkan kerja rumah anda sebelum makan malam?
EN: The verb 'catch' is often used idiomatically in English to mean 'to watch' or 'to see' a broadcast, movie, or event, especially when referring to something scheduled.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata kerja 'catch' sering digunakan secara idiomatik dalam bahasa Inggeris untuk bermaksud 'menonton' atau 'menikmati' siaran, filem, atau acara, terutamanya yang mempunyai jadual tetap.
I managed to catch the news this morning.
Saya sempat menonton berita pagi tadi.
EN: In many English-speaking cultures, discussing major sporting events (like a 'championship game') is a very common 'small talk' topic used to build rapport between friends or colleagues.
EN: The phrase 'be packed with' is a passive construction used to describe a place that is extremely crowded or full of people or things.
Bahasa Melayu: Frasa 'be packed with' ialah binaan pasif yang digunakan untuk menerangkan tempat yang dipenuhi dengan orang atau benda, dengan intensiti yang lebih kuat daripada 'full of'.
The stadium was packed with excited fans waiting for the concert to start.
Stadium itu penuh sesak dengan peminat yang teruja menunggu konsert bermula.
EN: Present Participle Phrase: 'watching on the big screen' is a participle phrase acting as an adjective to modify the noun 'fans'. It describes what the fans were doing at that moment.
Bahasa Melayu: Frasa Partisipel Sekarang: 'watching on the big screen' ialah frasa partisipel yang berfungsi sebagai adjektif untuk menerangkan kata nama 'fans' (peminat), menggambarkan apa yang sedang dilakukan oleh peminat pada masa itu.
I saw a group of children playing in the park.
Saya nampak sekumpulan kanak-kanak bermain di taman.
EN: In many cultures, especially in Europe and South America, local cafés and pubs become communal hubs during major sporting events like the Champions League or World Cup. 'The big screen' refers to a projector or a large TV specifically set up for public viewing.
EN: The 'Subjunctive Mood' (Past Perfect) is used after 'wish' to express regret about a past situation that cannot be changed. It uses 'had + past participle'.
Bahasa Melayu: 'Subjunctive Mood' (Past Perfect) digunakan selepas 'wish' untuk menyatakan penyesalan tentang peristiwa yang telah berlaku atau keinginan yang bertentangan dengan fakta masa lalu. Strukturnya ialah 'had + past participle'.
I wish I had studied harder for the exam last week.
Saya harap saya telah belajar dengan lebih tekun untuk peperiksaan minggu lepas.
EN: The phrase 'instead of' is a prepositional phrase used to indicate that one thing is replaced by another. It is followed by a noun or a gerund (V-ing).
Bahasa Melayu: 'Instead of' ialah frasa preposisi yang bermaksud 'daripada', digunakan untuk menunjukkan penggantian sesuatu. Ia diikuti oleh kata nama atau kata kerja dalam bentuk -ing (V-ing).
We went for a walk instead of watching TV.
Kami pergi berjalan-jalan daripada menonton televisyen.
EN: 'No way!' is a very common informal expression in English. Depending on the tone, it can mean 'I don't believe you', 'That's impossible', or as used here, an exclamation of strong regret or surprise.
EN: The adverb 'really' is used here as an intensifier to emphasize the speaker's conviction about the missed opportunity.
Bahasa Melayu: Adverba 'really' digunakan di sini sebagai penguat untuk menekankan keyakinan penutur bahawa pendengar telah terlepas peluang yang baik.
You really should see that movie; it's a masterpiece.
Anda sememangnya patut menonton filem itu; ia adalah karya agung.
EN: The preposition 'until' indicates a state that continued up to a specific point in time (the last minute).
Bahasa Melayu: Preposisi 'until' menunjukkan keadaan yang berterusan sehingga titik masa tertentu (minit terakhir).
The shop is open until midnight.
Kedai ini dibuka sehingga tengah malam.
EN: In sports culture, a 'tied score' until the end is the definition of a 'nail-biter'—a game so tense that fans might bite their nails in anxiety. Mentioning the 'very last minute' emphasizes the dramatic nature of European football (soccer) or basketball matches.
EN: The phrasal verb 'end up' followed by a gerund (-ing) or a prepositional phrase describes the final result or situation after a series of events, often one that was not originally planned.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata kerja frasa 'end up' diikuti oleh gerund (-ing) atau frasa preposisi digunakan untuk menerangkan hasil akhir atau situasi selepas satu siri peristiwa, selalunya hasil yang tidak dijangka.
After getting lost for an hour, we ended up eating at a small diner.
Setelah tersesat selama sejam, kami akhirnya makan di sebuah restoran kecil.
EN: Linking Verbs (Sensory Verbs): 'Sound' is used as a linking verb to describe an impression. It is followed by an adjective (intense) rather than an adverb to describe the subject.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata Kerja Penghubung (Kata Kerja Deria): 'Sound' digunakan sebagai kata kerja penghubung untuk menerangkan tanggapan. Ia diikuti oleh adjektif (intense) dan bukannya adverba, untuk menerangkan subjek.
Your vacation plans sound wonderful!
Rancangan percutian anda kedengaran hebat!
EN: In sports culture, especially in the US and Europe, 'championship' games are major social events. Using phrases like 'intense' and 'ended up' shows active engagement in the excitement of the competition.
EN: The phrase 'go + adjective' is used to describe a change in state or emotion, often becoming more intense or uncontrolled (e.g., go wild, go crazy, go blind).
Bahasa Melayu: Penggunaan 'go + adjektif' digunakan untuk menerangkan perubahan dalam keadaan atau emosi, selalunya menjadi lebih sengit atau hilang kawalan (contohnya: menjadi gila, menjadi buta).
The kids went wild when they saw the ice cream truck.
Kanak-kanak menjadi gila apabila melihat kereta aiskrim.
EN: Compound Sentences with 'and': This sentence uses the coordinating conjunction 'and' to join two independent clauses, showing a sequence of events or a cause-and-effect relationship.
Bahasa Melayu: Ayat Majmuk dengan 'and': Ayat ini menggunakan kata hubung koordinat 'and' untuk menghubungkan dua klausa bebas, menunjukkan urutan peristiwa atau hubungan sebab-akibat.
The sun came out, and the birds started singing.
Matahari terbit, dan burung-burung mula menyanyi.
EN: In sports culture, especially in football (soccer) or basketball, a 'home team' victory in the final seconds is considered the most thrilling way to win, often leading to fans storming the field or celebrating intensely.
EN: The modal structure 'must have + past participle' is used to express a strong logical deduction or certainty about a past event.
Bahasa Melayu: Struktur kata kerja bantu 'must have + partisipel lampau' digunakan untuk menyatakan inferens logik yang kuat atau tekaan yang pasti tentang sesuatu yang berlaku pada masa lalu.
He must have forgotten his keys at home because he can't open the door.
Dia pasti terlupa kunci di rumah kerana dia tidak dapat membuka pintu.
EN: The present perfect continuous tense (have been + verb-ing) indicates an action that started in the past and has continued up to the present, often implying a recent trend or ongoing intention.
Bahasa Melayu: Present Perfect Continuous Tense (have been + verb-ing) menunjukkan tindakan yang bermula pada masa lalu dan berterusan sehingga sekarang, biasanya membayangkan trend terkini atau niat yang berterusan.
I've been practicing the piano every day this week.
Saya telah berlatih piano setiap hari minggu ini.
EN: In English-speaking cultures, 'get into' is a common phrasal verb used to describe starting a new hobby or becoming interested in a topic. It sounds more natural and informal than saying 'start to study' or 'become interested in'.
EN: Future Perfect Tense (will have + past participle): This tense is used to describe an action that will be completed before a specific point in time in the future.
Bahasa Melayu: Future Perfect Tense (will have + past participle): Tenses ini digunakan untuk menerangkan tindakan yang akan selesai sebelum titik masa tertentu pada masa hadapan.
By the time you arrive, I will have finished my homework.
Apabila anda tiba, saya akan telah menyiapkan kerja rumah saya.
EN: Time Clause with 'By the time': When using 'by the time' to refer to the future, the verb in the dependent clause is in the Present Simple tense, while the main clause often uses the Future Perfect.
Bahasa Melayu: Klausa Masa dengan 'By the time': Apabila menggunakan frasa ini untuk merujuk kepada masa hadapan, kata kerja dalam klausa subordinat menggunakan Simple Present Tense, manakala klausa utama biasanya menggunakan Future Perfect Tense.
By the time the movie ends, it will be midnight.
Apabila filem tamat, ia sudah pun tengah malam.
EN: In many Western cultures, 'viewing nights' or 'watch parties' for sports are common social events where friends gather at a home or a local pub/café to watch a game together, emphasizing community and shared excitement.
EN: The modal verb 'would' followed by 'love' is used to express enthusiastic agreement or a strong desire for a future possibility. It is more polite and expressive than simply saying 'I want that.'
Bahasa Melayu: Kata bantu 'would' diikuti oleh 'love' digunakan untuk menyatakan persetujuan yang bersemangat atau keinginan yang kuat terhadap kemungkinan pada masa hadapan. Ini lebih sopan dan lebih ekspresif daripada sekadar berkata 'I want that'.
I would love to join your book club next month.
Saya dengan senang hati akan menyertai kumpulan bacaan anda bulan depan.
EN: The phrase 'stay in shape' is an idiomatic expression meaning to maintain good physical health and fitness. 'Ourselves' is a reflexive pronoun used here to emphasize that the subjects are performing the action for their own benefit.
Bahasa Melayu: 'Stay in shape' ialah ungkapan idiomatik yang bermaksud mengekalkan kesihatan dan kecergasan fizikal yang baik. 'Ourselves' ialah kata ganti refleksif, yang menekankan bahawa subjek melakukan tindakan itu untuk kepentingan diri sendiri.
We should eat more vegetables to stay in shape ourselves.
Kita patut makan lebih banyak sayur-sayuran untuk memastikan diri kita sentiasa cergas.
EN: In Western social contexts, suggesting to 'stay in shape together' is a common way to build friendship and accountability. It reflects a culture that values both fitness and social bonding through shared activities.
EN: The sentence uses a Relative Clause (Adjective Clause) starting with 'that' to modify the noun 'group'. The clause 'that meets every Saturday morning' provides essential information about which running group is being discussed.
Bahasa Melayu: Ayat ini menggunakan Klausa Relatif (Klausa Adjektif) yang bermula dengan 'that' untuk menerangkan kata nama 'group'. Klausa 'that meets every Saturday morning' memberikan maklumat penting tentang kumpulan larian itu.
I know a restaurant that serves amazing pasta.
Saya kenal sebuah restoran yang menyajikan pasta yang sangat sedap.
EN: The 'There is/are' structure is used to introduce the existence of something new in the conversation. In this case, it introduces the 'running group'.
Bahasa Melayu: Struktur 'There is/are' digunakan untuk memperkenalkan kewujudan sesuatu yang baharu dalam perbualan. Dalam kes ini, ia memperkenalkan 'kumpulan larian'.
There is a coffee shop right around the corner.
Terdapat sebuah kedai kopi di selekoh jalan.
EN: In many Western cities, 'running groups' or 'run clubs' are very popular social ways to exercise. They often meet in public parks and are usually followed by a social activity like brunch or coffee, as mentioned in the dialogue.
EN: Perfect Participle Phrase: 'Having + past participle' is used to indicate that an action was completed before the action in the main clause. It functions as an adverbial clause of reason or time.
Bahasa Melayu: Frasa Partisipel Sempurna: 'Having + past participle' digunakan untuk menunjukkan bahawa tindakan itu telah selesai sebelum tindakan dalam klausa utama. Ia sering berfungsi sebagai klausa keterangan sebab atau masa.
Having finished her homework, she went out to play.
Setelah menyiapkan kerja rumah, dia keluar bermain.
EN: Phrasal Verb 'Get back into': This means to return to a previous state, activity, or habit after a period of absence or interruption.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata Kerja Frasa 'Get back into': Ini bermaksud kembali kepada keadaan, aktiviti, atau tabiat sebelumnya selepas tempoh ketidakhadiran atau gangguan.
It's hard to get back into a workout routine after a long vacation.
Selepas cuti panjang, sukar untuk kembali kepada rutin senaman.
EN: In Western culture, 'routine' is often viewed positively as a sign of productivity and mental well-being, especially after the disruption of long-term travel.
EN: The phrase 'It's settled' uses the passive voice to indicate that a decision or agreement has been finalized and is no longer open for discussion.
Bahasa Melayu: Frasa 'It's settled' menggunakan suara pasif untuk menunjukkan bahawa keputusan atau persetujuan telah dimuktamadkan dan tidak memerlukan perbincangan lanjut.
We are going to Japan this summer; it's settled.
Kami akan pergi ke Jepun musim panas ini; sudah diputuskan.
EN: The phrasal verb 'sign up' means to register or commit to an activity. When adding an object like 'us both', it often appears between 'sign' and 'up' or after 'up'.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata kerja frasa 'sign up' bermaksud mendaftar atau komited untuk menyertai aktiviti. Apabila objek seperti 'us both' ditambah, ia biasanya diletakkan di antara 'sign' dan 'up' atau selepas 'up'.
I signed up for the yoga class yesterday.
Saya mendaftar untuk kelas yoga semalam.
EN: 'Brunch' (breakfast + lunch) is a popular social meal in Western culture, typically eaten in the late morning or early afternoon on weekends. 'Grab' is a common informal verb meaning to get or eat something quickly or casually.
EN: The verb 'make' is used here as a causative verb followed by an object and an object complement (adjective). In the structure 'make + object + adjective', it means to cause something to have a certain quality.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata kerja 'make' digunakan di sini sebagai kata kerja kausatif diikuti oleh objek dan pelengkap objek (adjektif). Dalam struktur 'make + objek + adjektif', ia bermaksud menyebabkan sesuatu mempunyai sifat tertentu.
The bright colors make the room look cheerful.
Warna-warna terang menjadikan bilik itu kelihatan ceria.
EN: The phrasal verb 'count (someone) in' is used to include someone in an activity or plan. It is a common idiomatic expression in casual conversation.
Bahasa Melayu: Kata kerja frasa 'count (someone) in' digunakan untuk memasukkan seseorang dalam aktiviti atau rancangan. Ini adalah ungkapan semula jadi yang biasa digunakan dalam perbualan sosial.
If you guys are going to the movies, count me in!
Kalau anda semua nak pergi menonton wayang, kirakan saya!
EN: In English-speaking cultures, enthusiastically accepting an invitation with phrases like 'Count me in' or 'I'm in' is a way to show appreciation for the planner's effort and build social rapport.
Kosa kata utama dengan sebutan IPA, definisi, contoh ayat, dan kuiz interaktif.
Dalam konteks: kejohanan
Dalam konteks: penuh sesak; sangat sesak
Dalam konteks: sengit; tegang
Dalam konteks: cemerlang; hebat
Dalam konteks: suasana; atmosfera
Dalam konteks: mengatur; merancang
Dalam konteks: bersenam; bersukan
Dalam konteks: rutin; jadual tetap
Dalam konteks: tidak dapat ditolak; sangat menarik
Frasa dengan label jenis, definisi dwibahasa, nota penggunaan, dan contoh ayat.
it has been a very long time
Sudah lama tidak berjumpa; Sudah lama berlalu
to become very excited or enthusiastic
Menjadi liar; Sangat gembira
to keep one's body healthy and fit
Menjaga bentuk badan; Mengekalkan kesihatan badan
to include someone in an activity or plan
Kira saya sekali; Saya pun nak sertai
to start doing something again after a period of not doing it
Bermula semula; Kembali ke (tabiat atau aktiviti)
Having the same score or number of points in a game or competition.
(Perlawanan) seri; mata yang sama
The team on whose grounds a game is played.
Pasukan tuan rumah
A fixed period of the year when a particular sport is played or competitions are held.
Musim