People Who Inspire Us (H1)
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EN: Subject Relative Clause: The relative pronoun 'who' is used to introduce a relative clause that describes the plural noun 'people'. In this clause, 'who' acts as the subject of the verb 'stop'.
I like teachers who make learning fun.
EN: Gerund after 'stop': The verb 'stop' is followed by a gerund (verb-ing) to mean ceasing or ending an activity. This contrasts with 'stop to do', which means pausing one activity in order to start another.
He stopped smoking last year.
EN: In English-speaking cultures, lifelong learning is highly valued and often associated with personal growth, humility, and adaptability. Expressing admiration for those who continue to learn regardless of age is a common way to show respect for intellectual curiosity.
EN: Subject Relative Clause (Adjective Clause): The relative pronoun 'who' is used to introduce a clause that describes the noun 'doctor'. In this clause, 'who' acts as the subject of the verb 'helps'.
I know a teacher who speaks five languages.
EN: The + Adjective to Represent a Group: The construction 'the + adjective' (e.g., 'the poor') is used to refer to a specific group of people in society as a collective plural noun.
We should do more to help the elderly.
EN: In English-speaking cultures, discussing 'role models' is very common in school and professional settings to express personal values. Referring to 'the poor' is grammatically correct, though in modern social contexts, terms like 'people in need' or 'underprivileged communities' are sometimes preferred for greater sensitivity.
EN: The past simple tense of the verb 'read' is spelled the same ('read') but pronounced differently (/rɛd/). It is used here to describe a completed action in the past.
I read an interesting article yesterday.
EN: The relative pronoun 'who' introduces a defining relative clause ('who climbed Everest') that modifies the noun 'woman'. 'Who' acts as the subject of the relative clause.
I met a man who speaks five languages.
EN: Everest (Mount Everest) is the earth's highest mountain above sea level. Climbing it is globally recognized as a symbol of ultimate human endurance, courage, and achievement.
EN: Subject Relative Clauses (Adjective Clauses): The relative pronoun 'who' is used to introduce a clause that describes a person (the teacher). In this clause, 'who' acts as the subject of the verb 'changed'.
The doctor who treated me was very kind.
EN: Past Simple Tense: Used to describe completed actions in the past. Here, 'changed' indicates a completed action that happened in the past, and 'was' indicates a past state.
The book that I read yesterday was interesting.
EN: The relative pronoun 'that' is used to introduce a defining relative clause (adjective clause) that describes a non-human noun ('stories'). In this sentence, 'that' acts as the subject of the relative clause 'that show real courage'.
I prefer movies that have a happy ending.
EN: The verb 'show' must agree with its subject. In the relative clause, 'that' refers back to the plural noun 'stories', so the plural verb form 'show' is used instead of 'shows'.
She likes books that teach valuable lessons.
EN: The relative pronoun 'whose' is used to show possession. It replaces possessive adjectives (like her, his, their) and is followed by a noun ('kindness' in this sentence) to introduce a relative clause that describes the person before it.
I met a writer whose books are very popular.
EN: Subject-Verb Agreement with singular indefinite pronouns: The pronoun 'everyone' is grammatically singular and takes a singular verb. Therefore, the verb 'inspire' adds an '-s' to become 'inspires'.
EN: The subject of this sentence is modified by a relative clause 'who listens'. The relative pronoun 'who' acts as the subject of the relative clause, referring back to the singular noun 'A leader'. Therefore, the verb 'listens' must agree with the singular subject.
A teacher who cares inspires students.
EN: The main verb of the sentence is 'earns', which is a transitive verb requiring a direct object. The subject is the entire noun phrase 'A leader who listens'. Since 'a leader' is singular, the main verb 'earns' takes the singular '-s' ending.
Hard work earns respect.
EN: The relative pronoun 'that' introduces a defining relative clause ('that influenced me most') which modifies the noun 'The book'. In this clause, 'that' acts as the subject of the verb 'influenced'.
The movie that inspired me to travel was filmed in Italy.
EN: The adverb 'most' is used here as a superlative adverb meaning 'to the greatest degree' or 'extremely', modifying the verb 'influenced'.
EN: The relative pronoun 'who' is used as a subject pronoun to introduce an adjective clause (relative clause) that describes a person ('a man'). It cannot be omitted because it functions as the subject of the verb 'started' in the relative clause.
I know a girl who speaks four languages.
EN: The simple past tense ('met', 'started') is used to describe completed actions that occurred at a specific time in the past.
She bought a house that had a beautiful garden.
EN: The concept of a 'free library' can refer to public libraries, but in modern Western culture, it often evokes 'Little Free Libraries'—small, neighborhood-supported book exchange boxes where anyone can take a book or leave a book for free, promoting community literacy and sharing.
EN: Subject Relative Clauses (Adjective Clauses): The relative pronoun 'who' is used to introduce a relative clause that modifies the plural noun 'People'. In this clause, 'who' acts as the subject of the verb 'give back'.
Students who study hard usually get good grades.
EN: The causative/resultative structure 'make + object + adjective': The verb 'make' can be followed by an object ('the world') and an adjective ('better') to describe a change in state or condition caused by the subject.
Music makes me happy.
EN: The phrase 'give back' is a deeply rooted concept in English-speaking cultures, particularly in the US and UK. It refers to the act of helping others or donating to charity as a way of showing gratitude for one's own success or good fortune.
EN: Subject Relative Clauses: The relative pronoun 'who' is used as the subject of the relative clause 'who support us' to describe the preceding noun (antecedent) 'The friends'. Since 'friends' is plural, the verb 'support' in the relative clause must also be plural.
The people who live next door are very friendly.
EN: Subject-Verb Agreement with Intervening Clauses: When a relative clause separates the subject ('The friends') from the main verb ('are'), the main verb must still agree in number with the subject, not with any noun inside the relative clause.
The books that I borrowed from the library are overdue.
EN: In English-speaking cultures, referring to someone as a 'treasure' is a high compliment, expressing deep gratitude and affection. It implies that the person is rare, valuable, and cherished.
EN: The word 'those' is used as a demonstrative pronoun meaning 'the people'. It is commonly followed by a relative clause (with 'who' or 'whom' omitted) to describe a specific group of people.
Heaven helps those who help themselves.
EN: The verb 'become' is a linking verb (copula) that connects the subject to a subject complement (noun, adjective, or prepositional phrase like 'like those...') to describe a change in state or identity.
EN: This sentence reflects a common psychological and philosophical belief in Western culture (and globally) that we are shaped by our role models. It emphasizes the importance of choosing who we look up to, as emulation is a natural part of personal growth.
EN: Subject-Verb Agreement with Indefinite Pronouns: Indefinite pronouns like 'everyone', 'someone', 'no one', and 'everybody' are grammatically singular and require singular verbs (e.g., 'has' instead of 'have').
Everyone wants to succeed in life.
EN: Relative Clauses with 'Who': A relative clause is used to give more information about a noun. 'Who' is used as a relative pronoun to refer to people, acting as the subject of the relative clause.
I know a teacher who speaks five languages.
EN: Defining Relative Clauses (Adjective Clauses): The relative pronoun 'who' is used to introduce a clause that describes a person (in this case, 'the person'). It acts as the subject of the relative clause 'who inspires me most'.
The teacher who helped me with my essay was very kind.
EN: Subject-Verb Agreement with Relative Pronouns: When 'who' refers to a singular noun ('the person'), the verb that follows it in the relative clause must also be singular ('inspires').
The student who studies hard usually gets good grades.
EN: In English-speaking cultures, expressing gratitude and admiration for family members, especially grandparents, is very common in personal essays and speaking tests (like IELTS). It shows warmth and personal connection.
EN: Subject Relative Clause: The relative pronoun 'who' is used to introduce a relative clause that modifies the preceding noun ('a woman'). In this clause, 'who' acts as the subject of the verb 'gave up'.
He is a teacher who inspires many students.
EN: Phrasal Verb 'give up': A common phrasal verb meaning to stop making an effort or to resign oneself to failure. In the past tense, it becomes 'gave up'.
She never gave up on her dream of becoming a writer.
EN: The phrasal verb 'grow up' means to gradually become an adult. Since this refers to a completed action in the past, the past simple form 'grew up' is used.
He grew up in a small town near the ocean.
EN: The relative pronoun 'that' introduces a defining relative clause ('that had little money or hope') to describe and give essential information about the noun 'village'.
They live in a house that has a beautiful garden.
EN: The relative pronoun 'who' introduces a defining relative clause ('who knew her') that modifies the subject 'People'. This clause specifies which people we are talking about.
Students who study hard usually get good grades.
EN: The nominal relative pronoun 'what' functions as 'the thing(s) that' and introduces a noun clause ('what she had') acting as the direct object of the verb 'shared'.
He always says what he thinks.
EN: The relative pronoun 'whose' is used to show possession. It replaces a possessive adjective (like 'her', 'his', 'their') and introduces a relative clause that describes the noun before it.
I met a writer whose books are very popular.
EN: The modal verb 'could' is used here to express ability or possibility in a hypothetical or descriptive sense, adding a soft, poetic tone to the description.
She has a voice that could soothe any crying baby.
EN: The relative pronoun 'that' introduces a defining relative clause ('that she taught me') which modifies the noun 'lessons'. In this clause, 'that' acts as the direct object of the verb 'taught'. When the relative pronoun serves as an object in the relative clause, it can optionally be omitted.
The book that you lent me was very inspiring.
EN: The adverb 'still' is used to describe an action or situation that continues to the present time. It is typically positioned before the main verb (in this case, 'guide') but after the auxiliary verb or verb 'to be'.
I still remember the advice my father gave me.
EN: The phrasal verb 'believe in' is followed by a gerund (verb-ing) when expressing belief in the value or efficacy of doing something. Here, 'helping' acts as the object of the preposition 'in'.
He believes in exercising every morning.
EN: The relative pronoun 'who' introduces a defining relative clause ('who are in need') that modifies the pronoun 'others'. 'In need' is an idiomatic prepositional phrase meaning 'requiring help or financial support'.
We should support local businesses that are in need.
EN: The infinitive 'to become' is used as the direct object of the verb 'want' to express a desire or goal. The pattern is 'want + to-infinitive'.
She wants to learn how to play the piano.
EN: The relative pronoun 'who' introduces an adjective clause (relative clause) 'who makes a real difference' to modify the antecedent noun 'person'. Since 'who' acts as the subject of the relative clause, it is followed directly by the verb 'makes'.
I like teachers who make learning fun.
EN: The phrase 'make a difference' is a very common and positive expression in English-speaking cultures. It refers to having a significant, beneficial effect on a person, group, or situation, often associated with community service, philanthropy, or personal drive.
EN: Partial negation with 'not always': When 'not' is paired with 'always', it means 'sometimes yes and sometimes no' (not 100% of the time), rather than 'never'.
Rich people are not always happy.
EN: Subject relative clause with 'who': The relative pronoun 'who' introduces a relative clause ('who appear on the news') that describes the preceding plural noun 'people'. Since 'who' acts as the subject of the relative clause, it is followed directly by the verb 'appear'.
I like teachers who make learning fun.
EN: This sentence reflects a common modern sentiment in English-speaking cultures: redefining 'heroes' from traditional, famous figures (like celebrities or politicians on TV) to everyday, unsung heroes (like healthcare workers, teachers, or kind neighbors) who make a difference quietly.
EN: The use of 'who' as a subject relative pronoun to introduce a relative clause (adjective clause) that modifies the plural pronoun 'ones' (referring to people).
They are the students who won the competition.
EN: The prepositional phrase 'without limit' functions as an adverbial modifier, meaning endlessly or unconditionally.
She supports her children without limit.
EN: In English-speaking cultures, 'the quiet ones' often refers to introverted or unsung heroes—people who do not seek attention or fame but make a deep impact through their consistent, quiet actions and love.
EN: The adjective phrase 'be grateful for' is used to express thankfulness towards someone or something. It is followed by a noun or pronoun.
She is grateful for the opportunity to study abroad.
EN: The relative clause 'who has shaped...' uses the relative pronoun 'who' to describe 'everyone'. Inside this clause, 'who I am' is a noun clause acting as the object of 'shaped', representing one's character or identity.
My family made me who I am today.
EN: In English-speaking cultures, expressing gratitude for the people who have influenced one's personal growth (such as teachers, mentors, family, and friends) is highly valued. The phrase 'who I am' emphasizes identity and personal development, reflecting an individualistic culture that still deeply appreciates community support.
EN: Subject Relative Clause: The relative pronoun 'who' introduces a relative clause ('who inspires you') that modifies the noun 'the person'. In this clause, 'who' acts as the subject of the verb 'inspires'.
I know the teacher who teaches English.
EN: Direct Address: Placing a comma before a person's name at the end of a sentence (e.g., ', Emma') indicates that the speaker is addressing that person directly.
How are you feeling today, Sarah?
EN: The relative pronoun 'whose' is used to show possession, indicating that the noun following it ('books') belongs to the noun preceding it ('a writer'). It functions as 'whose + noun' to connect two clauses.
I met a woman whose daughter is a famous pianist.
EN: The 'It is + noun + relative clause' structure is often used for emphasis or to identify a specific person or thing in response to a question.
It is a movie that makes everyone cry.
EN: The relative pronoun 'who' is used to introduce a relative clause (also known as an adjective clause) that describes a person or people (in this case, 'athletes'). The relative pronoun acts as the subject of the relative clause.
I respect teachers who inspire their students.
EN: The prepositional phrase 'with discipline' functions as an adverbial modifier, describing how the athletes train. 'With' is often paired with abstract nouns to express the manner in which an action is performed.
She speaks with confidence during her presentations.
EN: In Western sports culture, 'discipline' is highly revered, often valued as much as or more than natural talent. The phrase 'train with discipline' reflects the cultural appreciation for hard work, consistency, and self-control in achieving personal goals.
EN: Subject Relative Clause (Adjective Clause): The relative pronoun 'who' is used to introduce a clause that describes the noun 'friend'. In this clause, 'who' acts as the subject of the verb 'helped'. This structure allows us to combine two ideas: 'The friend is Sarah' and 'The friend helped me most'.
The teacher who inspired me most was Mr. Wang.
EN: Superlative Adverb: 'Most' is used here as a superlative adverb modifying the verb 'helped', meaning 'to the greatest degree or extent'.
She is the person who supports me most.
EN: The relative pronoun 'who' is used to introduce a defining relative clause ('who stands up for others') that modifies the indefinite pronoun 'anyone'. In this clause, 'who' acts as the subject.
I want to help anyone who is in trouble.
EN: The phrasal verb 'stand up for' means to defend or support a particular person or group, especially when they are being criticized or treated unfairly.
You must stand up for your rights.
EN: The phrase 'stand up for others' reflects a highly valued social trait in English-speaking cultures: moral courage and active allyship. It emphasizes the importance of defending those who may not have a voice or the power to defend themselves.
EN: The relative pronoun 'whose' is used to show possession. It replaces possessive adjectives (like 'his', 'her', 'their') and is followed immediately by a noun ('passion' in this sentence) without an article.
I met a writer whose books are very popular.
EN: The main subject of the sentence is 'A teacher' (singular), which takes the singular verb 'motivates'. The relative clause 'whose passion is real' acts as an adjective modifying 'A teacher'.
EN: Subject Relative Clauses: The relative pronoun 'who' is used as the subject of the relative clause ('who care about the planet') to describe the preceding noun (the antecedent 'leaders'). Since 'leaders' is plural, the verb 'care' is also in the plural form.
I know a teacher who speaks four languages.
EN: Phrasal Verb 'care about': This phrase means to feel that something is important and to be concerned about it. It is followed by a noun or pronoun as its object.
He doesn't seem to care about money.
EN: In modern English-speaking cultures, environmental awareness and sustainability ('caring about the planet') are highly valued leadership traits, especially among younger generations. This sentence reflects a contemporary social value.
EN: The relative pronoun 'who' is used to introduce a defining relative clause ('who stay humble') that describes the subject 'People'. In this clause, 'who' acts as the subject of the verb 'stay'.
Students who study hard usually get good grades.
EN: The verb 'stay' is a linking verb (copula) here, meaning 'to continue to be in a particular state'. It is followed by the adjective 'humble' as a subject complement.
Please stay calm during the meeting.
EN: In many English-speaking cultures, humility is highly valued in leaders and peers, contrasting with self-promotion. Expressing respect for 'humble' people aligns with a social code that values quiet confidence over boasting.
EN: The pronoun 'those' is often used as a plural noun meaning 'the people'. It is frequently followed by a relative clause (starting with 'who') to define or describe the specific group of people being referred to.
We should support those who are in need.
EN: The modal verb 'should' is used to express duty, obligation, or a strong recommendation. It is followed by the base form of the verb (in this case, 'thank').
We should respect our elders.
EN: Subject complement with 'someone': The pronoun 'someone' is used as a subject complement after the linking verb 'is' to define or describe the subject 'A true hero'.
A good friend is someone who always listens.
EN: Subject relative clause with 'who': The relative pronoun 'who' introduces an adjective clause ('who never gives up') that modifies the preceding pronoun 'someone'. In this clause, 'who' acts as the subject.
I like people who tell the truth.
Key vocabulary words with IPA pronunciation, definitions, example sentences, and interactive quizzes.
Phrases with type tags, bilingual definitions, usage notes, and example sentences.
To provide help or financial support to one's community or society in return for one's own success or good fortune.
To stop making an effort; to resign oneself to failure.
To have a significant effect on a person or situation, usually for the better.
To defend or support a particular idea, group, or person, especially when they are being criticized or attacked.