Learning to Code (H1)
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EN: The verb 'decide' is followed by a to-infinitive (to + base verb) to express a choice or plan made about a future action.
She decided to buy a new laptop.
EN: The verb 'learn' can be followed by a gerund (V-ing) or a noun to specify the subject or skill being acquired. Here, 'programming' acts as a noun (gerund) representing the activity.
He wants to learn cooking.
EN: The verb 'remember' can be followed by a gerund (verb-ing) to talk about a memory of a past action (remembering doing something). This contrasts with 'remember + to-infinitive', which means remembering to perform a duty or task in the future.
I remember meeting him at the conference last year.
EN: Possessive adjectives (such as 'my', 'your', 'his', 'her') are placed before ordinal numbers (like 'first', 'second') and other adjectives to show ownership of a specific item in a sequence.
This is my first time visiting New York.
EN: The verb 'forget' can be followed by an infinitive (to + verb) or a gerund (verb-ing) with a difference in meaning. 'Forget to do something' means to not remember to perform a task or duty. In contrast, 'forget doing something' means to lose the memory of a past action.
Don't forget to lock the door when you leave.
EN: An imperative sentence is used to give commands, instructions, or advice. Negative imperatives are formed by putting 'Don't' (Do not) before the base form of the verb.
Don't touch the hot stove.
EN: In the software development and tech community, 'saving your code often' is a universal best practice and a common piece of advice given to beginners. It reflects a culture of caution, as unsaved progress can easily be lost due to unexpected crashes or power failures.
EN: The verb 'try' can be followed by a gerund (verb-ing) to mean experimenting with a new method or approach to see if it works. This is different from 'try + to-infinitive', which means making an effort to do something difficult.
I tried drinking warm milk before bed to sleep better.
EN: The verb 'prefer' is used to state a general preference. It can be followed directly by a noun (e.g., 'a group') or a gerund (e.g., 'studying in a group') to show what the speaker likes better.
I prefer tea to coffee.
EN: The verb 'enjoy' is followed by a gerund (verb-ing) when expressing an activity that someone derives pleasure from. It cannot be followed by an infinitive (to + verb).
She enjoys playing the piano.
EN: The adjective 'tricky' means difficult to deal with or solve, requiring skill or caution. It commonly modifies nouns like 'problem', 'question', or 'situation'.
This is a tricky question to answer.
EN: In professional and academic contexts in English-speaking cultures, expressing a love for 'solving tricky problems' is highly valued. It frames challenges not as obstacles, but as engaging puzzles, showcasing a proactive and positive 'can-do' attitude.
EN: The verb 'stop' can be followed by a gerund (V-ing) to mean ceasing or ending an action that was in progress. This is different from 'stop to do something', which means pausing one action in order to start another.
He stopped smoking last year.
EN: The phrase 'waste time/money on something' is used to express spending resources on something useless or unproductive. The preposition 'on' is followed by a noun or noun phrase.
Don't waste money on things you don't need.
EN: The verb 'plan' is followed by a to-infinitive (to + base verb) to express an intention or a future goal.
We plan to visit Japan next summer.
EN: The word 'own' is used after a possessive adjective (my, your, his, her, etc.) to emphasize that something belongs to a specific person and no one else.
She wants to start her own business.
EN: The verb 'forget' can be followed by an infinitive (to + verb) to indicate that someone did not do something they were supposed to do. This is different from 'forget + gerund (-ing)', which means forgetting a past memory of doing something.
I forgot to lock the door when I left.
EN: The phrasal verb 'back up' means to make a copy of computer files to protect them from being lost. It can be used with or without an object. When used with a noun object, the noun can go between 'back' and 'up' or after 'up'.
You should back up your photos regularly.
EN: The dummy subject 'It' is used to start the sentence when the real subject (the infinitive phrase 'to keep learning new tools') is too long. This structure 'It is + adjective + to-infinitive' keeps the sentence balanced and easy to understand.
It is necessary to back up your files daily.
EN: The verb 'keep' is followed by a gerund (V-ing) to express the continuation of an action or state.
She kept practicing the piano until late at night.
EN: In the fast-paced technology and professional world, 'keeping learning new tools' refers to the concept of lifelong learning and adaptability, which is highly valued in modern workplaces.
EN: The verb 'keep' is followed by a gerund (V-ing) to express the continuation of an action. In the past tense, 'kept' is used to show that an action was repeated or continued in the past.
He kept running even though he was tired.
EN: 'Until' is a conjunction used to show that an activity continues up to a specific time or event. In this sentence, it connects the main action (practicing) to the point in time when understanding occurred.
We stayed at the library until it closed.
EN: The verb 'hope' is followed by a to-infinitive (to + base verb) to express a desire or plan for the future. It indicates what the subject wants to happen.
I hope to visit Japan next year.
EN: 'Someday' is an adverb used to refer to an indefinite time in the future, often expressing a hope or goal that does not have a specific date yet.
She wants to buy a house someday.
EN: In modern career discussions, 'working in technology' (or 'tech') is a highly popular aspiration globally. It doesn't only refer to coding, but also encompasses roles in product management, design, and marketing within tech companies.
EN: Gerund as Subject: A gerund (verb + -ing) can function as a noun and serve as the subject of a sentence. It is treated as a singular noun, so the verb that follows must be in the singular form (e.g., 'takes').
Learning a new language opens many doors.
EN: The verb 'take' meaning 'require': The verb 'take' is commonly used to express that a certain amount of time, effort, or personal quality (like patience) is necessary to complete an action.
It takes courage to speak in public.
EN: The verb 'decide' is followed by an infinitive (to + verb) to express an intention or a choice made about a future action.
She decided to move to a new city.
EN: The preposition 'for' is used here to indicate purpose or beneficiary, showing that the action of learning a skill is intended to benefit 'my future'.
He is saving money for a new computer.
EN: The verb 'enjoy' is always followed by a gerund (verb-ing) when expressing an action that one likes doing. It cannot be followed by an infinitive (to + verb).
She enjoys playing the piano in her free time.
EN: The conjunction 'because' is used to introduce a subordinate clause that states the reason for the action in the main clause.
I stayed home because it was raining heavily.
EN: The verb 'try' can be followed by a gerund (verb-ing) to mean experimenting with a new method to see if it works. In contrast, 'try to + verb' means making an effort to do something difficult.
I tried drinking warm milk before bed to sleep better.
EN: The coordinating conjunction 'but' is used to connect two independent clauses that show a contrast or unexpected result. It is preceded by a comma when connecting two complete sentences.
She wanted to buy the dress, but it was too expensive.
EN: The verb 'stop' can be followed by a gerund (V-ing) to mean ceasing an action or habit. This is different from 'stop to do', which means pausing one activity in order to start another.
He stopped drinking coffee late at night.
EN: The adverb 'instead' is used to indicate that one action or thing replaces another. It often appears at the end of a sentence to mean 'rather than the alternative'.
There was no bus, so we walked instead.
EN: The verb 'remember' can be followed by a gerund (V-ing) to talk about a memory of a past action (recalling something that already happened).
I remember visiting that beautiful beach when I was a child.
EN: The conjunction 'when' is used to introduce an adverbial clause of time, indicating that the action in the main clause ('feeling lost') happened at the same time as the action in the dependent clause ('saw my first error').
I was sleeping when the phone rang.
EN: In programming culture, encountering 'errors' or bugs is a universal experience for beginners and experts alike. Feeling 'lost' is a common stage of the learning curve, and overcoming this frustration is considered a key milestone in becoming a developer.
EN: The verb 'refuse' is followed by a to-infinitive (to + base verb) to express that someone decides not to do something.
He refused to answer the question.
EN: The verb 'keep' (past tense 'kept') is followed by a gerund (verb-ing) to express that an action continues without stopping.
She kept working despite being tired.
EN: The verb 'learn' is followed by a to-infinitive ('to' + base verb) when indicating that someone has acquired the ability or knowledge to perform an action.
She learned to play the piano when she was young.
EN: The phrasal verb 'break (something) into (something)' means to divide or split a larger entity into smaller, more manageable parts.
We need to break the project into weekly tasks.
EN: In modern education and project management (especially in programming and tech fields), 'breaking big problems into smaller steps' is a core concept known as 'decomposition'. It is highly valued as a critical thinking and problem-solving skill.
EN: The verb 'forget' can be followed by a gerund (verb-ing) to refer to a memory of a past action. 'Never forget doing something' means the speaker will always remember the experience of having done that action.
I will never forget visiting Paris for the first time.
EN: The future simple tense with 'will' combined with the adverb 'never' is used to make a strong promise or statement about future determination or certainty.
She will never agree to this plan.
EN: In the software engineering and tech community, writing and running one's 'first program' (often a simple 'Hello World' program) is considered a major milestone and a rite of passage. It represents the transition from a passive user to an active creator of technology.
EN: The verb 'plan' is followed by a to-infinitive ('to' + base verb) to express future intentions or goals.
She plans to start her own business next year.
EN: The relative pronoun 'that' introduces an adjective clause (relative clause) to describe the noun 'app'. Since 'that' acts as the subject of the clause, it is followed directly by the verb 'helps'.
I want to buy a computer that runs fast.
EN: Gerund as Subject: A gerund (verb + -ing) can function as a noun and serve as the subject of a sentence. It is treated as a singular noun, so it takes a singular verb.
Learning a new language opens up many opportunities.
EN: Present Perfect Tense with 'teach': The present perfect tense (have/has + past participle) is used here to describe an action that happened in the past but has a strong connection or result in the present. The structure 'teach + someone + to-infinitive' means to instruct someone to do something.
My father has taught me to respect others.
EN: The dummy subject 'It' is used to replace a long subject (the infinitive phrase 'to imagine where this skill might lead') to keep the sentence balanced. The structure is 'It is + adjective + to-infinitive'.
It is important to back up your files every day.
EN: An indirect question (noun clause) is used as the object of the verb 'imagine'. It follows the word order: question word (where) + subject (this skill) + verb (might lead).
I don't know where she wants to go.
EN: The relative clause 'I master' (with the relative pronoun 'that' or 'which' omitted) modifies the noun phrase 'Every new tool'. In English, when the relative pronoun acts as the object of the relative clause, it is commonly omitted in casual and semi-formal contexts.
Every book I read teaches me something new.
EN: The subject 'Every new tool' is grammatically singular. Therefore, the main verb 'opens' must take the third-person singular ending '-s' to agree with the subject.
Every student wants to succeed.
EN: The phrase 'opens another door' is a common English idiom meaning to create new opportunities, possibilities, or pathways in life and career. It is often associated with learning and personal growth.
EN: The verb 'want' is a transitive verb that requires an infinitive (to + verb) as its object when expressing a desire to perform an action. In this sentence, 'want to learn' functions as the main verb phrase.
I want to learn how to play the piano.
EN: In English, information questions (Wh-questions) are formed by placing the question word (like 'What') at the beginning, followed by an auxiliary verb ('do'), the subject ('you'), and the base form of the verb ('want').
What sports do you want to play?
EN: In English-speaking cultures, addressing someone directly by their first name (like 'Emma') at the end of a question is very common. It makes the conversation feel warm, personal, and direct, especially in casual or friendly dialogues.
EN: The verb 'decide' is followed by an infinitive (to + verb) to express a choice or plan made about a future action.
She decided to buy a new laptop.
EN: The phrase 'graphic design' is an uncountable noun phrase referring to the art or profession of visual communication.
He has a degree in graphic design.
EN: The verb 'remember' can be followed by a gerund (verb-ing) to talk about a memory of a past action (remembering something you already did). This contrasts with 'remember + to-infinitive', which means remembering to perform a duty or task in the future.
I remember meeting him at the conference last year.
EN: The verb 'try' followed by a to-infinitive ('try to do') means to make an effort or attempt to do something difficult. This is different from 'try + gerund' (try doing), which means to experiment with a new method to see if it works.
She tried to open the window, but it was stuck.
EN: The negative imperative sentence is formed by placing 'Don't' (do not) at the beginning of the sentence, followed by the base form of the verb. It is used to give strong advice, instructions, or commands.
Don't touch the wet paint.
EN: The verb 'forget' can be followed by an infinitive ('to' + verb) to mean that someone must remember to perform a future action or duty.
Don't forget to lock the door when you leave.
EN: The verb 'stop' can be followed by a gerund (V-ing) to mean ceasing an activity or habit. This is different from 'stop to do something', which means pausing one activity in order to start another.
He stopped smoking last year.
EN: The reflexive pronoun 'myself' is used when the subject ('I') and the object of the action are the same person. The phrase 'compare A to B' is used to look for similarities or differences between two entities.
I found myself looking at old photos.
EN: In modern self-development and wellness culture, 'comparing oneself to others' is often discussed as a source of anxiety, especially in the age of social media. The phrase reflects a conscious decision to focus on personal growth rather than external validation.
EN: The verb 'enjoy' is always followed by a gerund (verb-ing) when expressing pleasure in an activity. It cannot be followed by an infinitive (to + verb).
I enjoy reading books in the library.
EN: The prepositional phrase 'with one's own hands' is used to emphasize that someone does something personally and physically, rather than using a machine or having someone else do it.
EN: In Western culture, 'DIY' (Do It Yourself) and crafting things by hand are highly valued as forms of self-expression, relaxation, and personal achievement. Saying you enjoy making things 'with your own hands' often carries a sense of pride and connection to traditional craftsmanship.
EN: The verb 'plan' is followed by a to-infinitive (to + base verb) when expressing an intention to perform an action in the future.
We plan to visit Japan next summer.
EN: The verb 'take' is commonly used with 'course' or 'class' to mean enrolling in or participating in an educational program.
She is taking a photography course this semester.
EN: The verb 'try' can be followed by a gerund (verb-ing) to mean experimenting with a new method or action to see if it works or solves a problem. This is different from 'try + to-infinitive', which means making an effort to do something difficult.
I tried drinking warm milk before bed, and I slept much better.
EN: The coordinating conjunction 'and' is used to connect two independent clauses (complete sentences) that are closely related in thought. A comma is typically placed before 'and' when it connects two independent clauses.
She bought a new laptop, and she started her online course the next day.
EN: The structure 'It is worth + V-ing' is used to state that an action is useful, helpful, or rewarding enough to justify the time, money, or effort spent on it. In this pattern, 'It' acts as a preparatory subject, and the real subject is the gerund phrase (V-ing) that follows.
It is worth visiting the museum while you are in Paris.
EN: The preposition 'for' is used here to indicate purpose, destination, or target. In the phrase 'for the future', it specifies that the skills being learned are intended to benefit or prepare the person for their upcoming life and career.
We should save money for the future.
EN: The verb 'keep' is followed by a gerund (verb-ing) to express the continuation of an action. It means to do something repeatedly or continuously.
Keep trying, and you will find the answer.
EN: The structure 'Imperative sentence + and + simple future clause' is used to express a condition and its positive result. It translates to 'Do this, and then that will happen.'
Study hard, and you will pass the exam.
Key vocabulary words with IPA pronunciation, definitions, example sentences, and interactive quizzes.
Phrases with type tags, bilingual definitions, usage notes, and example sentences.
To make a copy of computer files to protect them from being lost.
To go to bed later than usual.
To stop trying to do something before you have finished.
A class or series of lessons taught over the internet.