EN： The Present Continuous Passive Voice (am/is/are + being + past participle) is used to describe an action that is currently in progress and happening to the subject. In this sentence, 'are being urged' emphasizes that the action of urging is actively ongoing.
中文： 現在進行式的被動語態（am/is/are + being + 過去分詞）用於描述目前正在發生且作用於主詞上的動作。在本句中，「are being urged」（正被呼籲）強調呼籲這項動作目前正在積極進行中。
New safety measures are being implemented at the school this week.
這週學校正在實施新的安全措施。
EN： The preposition 'by' followed by a gerund (verb-ing) is used to express the method or means by which an action is achieved. Here, 'by using' explains how people can protect their eyes.
中文： 介系詞「by」後面接動名詞（V-ing）用於表示達成某動作的方法或手段。在這裡，「by using」（透過使用）解釋了人們可以如何保護他們的眼睛。
You can improve your English by reading books every day.
你可以透過每天讀書來增進你的英文。
EN： Leitrim is a county in the north-west of Ireland. Known for its beautiful lakes and outdoor activities, local eye care centers often run public health campaigns during the summer to raise awareness about UV protection, as many people underestimate the strength of the sun in Ireland's temperate climate.
中文： 利特里姆（Leitrim）是愛爾蘭西北部的一個郡。該地區以美麗的湖泊和戶外活動而聞名。當地的眼科護理中心經常在夏季開展公共衛生宣導，以提高人們對防紫外線的意識，因為許多人在愛爾蘭溫和的氣候下往往會低估陽光的強度。
EN： Apposition (Noun in Apposition): A noun phrase placed next to another noun to explain or identify it. Here, 'a local eye care practice' is an appositive that describes 'Advanced Eye Care Ballinamore'. It is set off by commas.
中文： 同位語（Noun in Apposition）：將一個名詞短語放在另一個名詞旁邊，用以解釋或說明其身份。在此句中，「a local eye care practice」（當地的眼科診所）作為同位語，用來補充說明「巴利納莫爾高級眼科護理中心」，前後以逗號隔開。
Mr. Green, my English teacher, loves reading novels.
格林先生，我的英文老師，非常喜歡讀小說。
EN： Gerunds after Prepositions: The preposition 'of' is followed by the gerund 'wearing' (verb + -ing acting as a noun) to describe the action that brings health benefits.
中文： 介係詞後接動名詞：介係詞「of」後面接動名詞「wearing」（動詞 + -ing 作名詞使用），用來描述帶來健康益處的具體行為。
She is interested in learning new languages.
她對學習新語言很感興趣。
EN： The prepositional phrase 'According to' is used to introduce the source of information. It is followed by a noun or noun phrase (e.g., 'the practice') to indicate where the statement or belief originates.
中文： 介系詞片語「According to」（根據）用於引進資訊的來源。其後接名詞或名詞片語（例如「the practice」），用以指出該陳述或觀點的來源。
According to the weather forecast, it will rain tomorrow.
根據天氣預報，明天會下雨。
EN： Compound predicate with parallel verbs: The subject 'prescription sunglasses' is followed by two verbs, 'provide' and 'offer', connected by the coordinating conjunction 'and'. Both verbs must agree with the plural subject.
中文： 含有平行動詞的複合謂語：主詞「prescription sunglasses」（處方太陽眼鏡）後接兩個動詞「provide」（提供）與「offer」（提供），並由對等連接詞「and」連接。這兩個動詞都必須與複數主詞保持一致。
These smartwatches track your heart rate and monitor your sleep quality.
這些智慧手錶能記錄你的心率並監測你的睡眠品質。
EN： Non-defining relative clauses (using 'which') are used to add extra, non-essential information about a noun. They are separated from the main clause by commas.
中文： 非限定關係子句（使用 'which'）用於對名詞添加額外的、非必要的補充說明。這類子句與主句之間會用逗號隔開。
She bought a new camera, which has a very powerful zoom lens.
她買了一台新相機，這台相機配備了非常強大的變焦鏡頭。
EN： Defining relative clauses (using 'that' or 'which') identify exactly which person or thing we are talking about. Here, 'that blocks...' defines the specific purpose of the 'special filter'.
中文： 限定關係子句（使用 'that' 或 'which'）用來明確指出我們所指的是哪一個人或事物。在此處，'that blocks...' 定義了「特殊過濾膜」的具體功能。
He works for a company that designs eco-friendly packaging.
他在一家設計環保包裝的公司工作。
EN： The modal verb 'can' is used to express ability or possibility. It is followed by the base form of the verb (infinitive without 'to'), which in this case is 'reduce'.
中文： 情態動詞「can」用於表示能力或可能性。其後接動詞原形（不帶 to 的不定詞），在此句中為「reduce」（減少）。
Regular breaks can prevent back pain during long working hours.
定期休息可以預防長時間工作引起的背部疼痛。
EN： The coordinating conjunction 'and' is used to connect two nouns ('glare' and 'eye strain') that function together as the compound direct object of the verb 'reduce'.
中文： 對等連接詞「and」用於連接兩個名詞（「glare」和「eye strain」），它們共同擔任動詞「reduce」的複合直接受詞。
The new diet plan focuses on fresh fruits and vegetables.
這項新的飲食計劃專注於新鮮的水果和蔬菜。
EN： The Present Perfect Tense (has/have + past participle) is used here ('has also noted') to describe a past action that has strong relevance to the present, often used in reporting news or statements.
中文： 現在完成式（has/have + 過去分詞）在此處（'has also noted'）用於描述過去發生但與現在有密切關係的動作，常用於報導新聞或陳述聲明。
The researcher has noted that regular exercise improves sleep quality.
研究人員已經指出，規律運動能改善睡眠品質。
EN： The relative clause 'who wear contact lenses' is an adjective clause modifying the noun 'people'. The relative pronoun 'who' acts as the subject of the clause.
中文： 關係子句「who wear contact lenses」是一個形容詞子句，用來修飾名詞「people」（人們）。關係代名詞「who」在該子句中擔任主詞的角色。
We should help students who struggle with mathematics.
我們應該幫助那些在數學上有困難的學生。
EN： The First Conditional (If + present simple, ... can/will + base verb) is used to talk about real and possible future situations or general truths. In this sentence, 'If contact lenses become...' sets the condition, and 'wearers can switch...' shows the possible result.
中文： 第一類條件句（If + 現在簡單式，... can/will + 原形動詞）用於討論真實且可能發生的未來情況或客觀事實。在本句中，「If contact lenses become...」設定了條件，而「wearers can switch...」則顯示了可能發生的結果。
If you register for the conference early, you can get a discount.
如果你提早報名會議，你就可以獲得折扣。
EN： Linking verbs (such as 'become') are followed by adjectives (like 'dry' or 'uncomfortable') rather than adverbs, to describe the state or change of state of the subject.
中文： 連繫動詞（如「become」）後面要接形容詞（如「dry」或「uncomfortable」）而非副詞，用來描述主詞的狀態或狀態的轉變。
The weather became cold and windy in the evening.
傍晚時天氣變得寒冷且風大。
EN： The verb 'advise' is followed by an object and an infinitive verb pattern: 'advise someone (not) to do something'. This structure is used to give recommendations or warnings. To make it negative, 'not' is placed directly before 'to'.
中文： 動詞「advise」（建議）後面接賓語（受詞）與不定詞結構：「advise someone (not) to do something」（建議某人做／不做某事）。此結構用於提出建議或警告。若要表示否定，需將「not」直接放在「to」之前。
The doctor advised me not to eat spicy food before sleeping.
醫生建議我睡前不要吃辣的食物。
EN： The conjunction 'while' can be followed directly by a gerund (-ing form) when the subject of both clauses is the same. This is a shortened form of 'while they are swimming', making the sentence more concise.
中文： 當兩個子句的主詞相同時，連接詞「while」（當…之時）後面可以直接接動名詞（-ing 形式）。這是「while they are swimming」的簡化結構，使句子更為精簡。
Please do not use your phone while driving.
開車時請勿使用手機。
EN： In Western countries, eye care professionals (optometrists and ophthalmologists) frequently issue public health warnings about the dangers of wearing contact lenses in water. Water in swimming pools, lakes, and oceans contains microorganisms like Acanthamoeba, which can stick to contact lenses and cause severe, potentially blinding eye infections.
中文： 在西方國家，眼科專業人員（驗光師與眼科醫生）經常向大眾宣導水上活動時配戴隱形眼鏡的危險性。游泳池、湖泊和海洋的水中含有像棘阿米巴原蟲（Acanthamoeba）等微生物，它們極易附著在隱形眼鏡上，進而導致嚴重的眼睛感染，甚至有失明的風險。
EN： The phrase 'be available for' is used to indicate that something is obtainable, accessible, or suitable for a specific group of people or purposes. 'Available' is an adjective, and 'for' is the preposition that introduces the recipient or purpose.
中文： 片語「be available for」（可用於／適用於）用來表示某物是可以取得、獲得的，或是適用於特定的群體或目的。「available」是形容詞，而介係詞「for」則用來引出對象或用途。
Free Wi-Fi is available for all guests in the hotel lobby.
所有客人在飯店大廳皆可使用免費的無線網路。
EN： The present participle 'including' is used as a preposition here to introduce examples that are part of a larger group. It helps to specify and elaborate on the preceding noun phrase ('nearly all types of lens prescriptions').
中文： 現在分詞「including」（包括）在此處作為介係詞使用，用來引出屬於較大群體中的具體例子。它有助於具體說明並詳述前方的名詞片語（「幾乎所有類型的鏡片處方」）。
The price of the tour includes everything, including transport and meals.
這趟旅行的費用包含了一切，包括交通和膳食。
EN： The structure 'one of the + superlative adjective + plural noun' is used to single out one item that possesses a quality to the highest degree among a group. Note that the noun following 'one of the' must be plural (e.g., 'reasons').
中文： 「one of the + 最高級形容詞 + 複數名詞」的結構用於在一個群體中挑選出某個具有最高程度特質的項目。請注意，緊跟在「one of the」後面的名詞必須是複數形式（例如「reasons」）。
This is one of the most beautiful cities in the world.
這是世界上最美麗的城市之一。
EN： The infinitive phrase 'to choose prescription sunglasses' acts as an adjective (adjectival infinitive) modifying the noun 'reasons', explaining the purpose or action associated with the noun.
中文： 不定詞片語「to choose prescription sunglasses」在此作為形容詞（形容詞性不定詞），用來修飾名詞「reasons」，解釋與該名詞相關的目的或行動。
EN： In Western countries like Ireland, eye care practices (opticians/optometrists) often actively run public health awareness campaigns during seasonal transitions, emphasizing practical advice like UV protection and driving safety.
中文： 在愛爾蘭等西方國家，眼科診所（驗光配鏡中心）經常會在季節交替時主動進行公共健康衛教宣導，強調防紫外線和駕駛安全等實用建議。
EN： Gerund as Subject: A gerund phrase (verb + -ing) can function as the noun subject of a sentence. In this sentence, 'Long exposure...' is a noun phrase, but the concept of 'exposure' (from the verb 'expose') acts as the subject performing the action.
中文： 動名詞或名詞片語作為主詞：英文中可以使用名詞片語或動名詞（動詞 + -ing）來擔任句子的主詞。在本句中，「Long exposure to UV rays...」（長期暴露於紫外線下）作為整個句子的主詞，表示一個概念或狀態。
Eating balanced meals is essential for maintaining good health.
均衡飲食對於維持身體健康是至關重要的。
EN： Coordinating Conjunction 'so': Used to connect two independent clauses where the second clause is the result of the first. It is preceded by a comma.
中文： 對等連接詞「so」（因此）：用於連接兩個獨立子句，表示因果關係，第二個子句為第一個子句的結果。在「so」之前通常會加上逗號。
The weather was extremely cold, so we decided to stay indoors.
天氣非常冷，所以我們決定待在室內。
重要單字附有 IPA 發音、定義、例句和互動式測驗。
在本文中： 處方（此指經眼科醫生或驗光師檢查後配製的度數）
在本文中： 偏光的（指能阻擋特定方向反射光線的鏡片）
在本文中： 反射（光線、熱量或聲音等從表面反射回來的現象）
在本文中： 刺眼的強光
在本文中： （身體部位的）疲勞、拉傷或過度緊張
在本文中： 投資（此指值得花錢購買並能帶來長期好處的事物）
在本文中： 感染（由細菌、病毒等引起的疾病）
在本文中： 暴露、接觸（陽光、風雨或有害物質等）
在本文中： 必不可少的、極其重要的
片語包含類型標示、雙語定義、用法說明和例句。
Sunglasses made with lenses that match the wearer's corrective vision prescription.
有度數的太陽眼鏡
Fatigue or pain in the eyes, typically caused by reading, looking at screens, or bright light.
眼睛疲勞
Small plastic discs worn directly on the surface of the eye to correct vision.
隱形眼鏡
The ability of a material to block ultraviolet rays from reaching and damaging the eyes or skin.
防紫外線、抗UV