EN： The coordinating conjunction 'so' is used to connect two independent clauses, where the second clause expresses the result or consequence of the first clause.
中文： 對等連接詞「so」（所以）用於連接兩個獨立子句，第二個子句表示第一個子句所產生的結果或影響。
It was raining, so we stayed indoors.
那時正在下雨，所以我們待在室內。
EN： The modal verb 'must' is used to express strong obligation, necessity, or duty. It is followed by the base form of the verb (bare infinitive).
中文： 情態助動詞「must」（必須）用於表達強烈的義務、必要性或職責。其後接動詞原形。
We must respect the rules of the library.
我們必須遵守圖書館的規定。
EN： This sentence reflects a global environmental consciousness, emphasizing shared responsibility. The phrase 'one planet' is often used in environmental campaigns to highlight that Earth's resources are finite and belong to all humanity.
中文： 這句話反映了全球性的環保意識，強調「共同責任」。「one planet」（同一個地球）這個詞常用於環保運動中，旨在提醒人們地球資源是有限的，且屬於全人類共有。
EN： The subordinating conjunction 'because' is used to introduce a dependent clause (adverbial clause of reason) that explains the cause or reason for the action in the main clause.
中文： 從屬連接詞「because」（因為）用於引導從屬子句（原因副詞子句），用來解釋主句動作發生的原因或理由。
We walk to school because it is close.
我們走路去上學，因為學校很近。
EN： The simple present tense is used here to express a habitual action ('I recycle') and a general truth or fact ('it saves trees').
中文： 此處使用現在簡單式來表示習慣性的行為（「I recycle」）以及普遍的真理或事實（「it saves trees」）。
She turns off the lights because she wants to save energy.
她關掉電燈，因為她想要節省能源。
EN： In many English-speaking countries, recycling is a deeply ingrained daily habit. Schools often teach children the 'Three Rs' (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) from a very young age, making environmental protection a common topic of everyday conversation.
中文： 在許多英語系國家，資源回收是根深蒂固的日常習慣。學校通常從小就向孩子灌輸「3R」原則（減少使用 Reduce、重複使用 Reuse、循環回收 Recycle），使環保成為日常對話中非常普遍的話題。
EN： The modal verb 'can' is used to express ability or possibility. It is followed by the base form of the verb (bare infinitive) without 'to'. In this sentence, 'can' applies to both 'walk' and 'ride' connected by the coordinating conjunction 'or'.
中文： 情態助動詞「can」用於表示能力或可能性。其後必須接動詞原形（不帶 to 的不定詞）。在本句中，「can」同時修飾由對等連接詞「or」連接的「walk」和「ride」兩個動詞。
We can swim or play tennis this afternoon.
我們今天下午可以去游泳或打網球。
EN： The coordinating conjunction 'or' is used to connect two or more alternatives. Here, it links the two verb phrases 'walk' and 'ride bikes' to show choice.
中文： 對等連接詞「or」（或者）用於連接兩個或多個選擇。在此處，它連接了「walk」（走路）與「ride bikes」（騎自行車）兩個動詞片語，表示可供選擇的方式。
You can have tea or coffee.
你可以喝茶或咖啡。
EN： In many Western countries, walking or riding bikes to school (often called 'active commuting') is highly encouraged to promote physical health and reduce carbon emissions. Many schools have dedicated bicycle racks and safety programs to support this.
中文： 在許多西方國家，走路或騎自行車上學（通常被稱為「主動通勤」）受到高度鼓勵，這不僅能促進身體健康，還能減少碳排放。許多學校都設有專用的自行車停放架和安全宣導活動來支持這一舉措。
EN： The coordinating conjunction 'but' is used to connect two independent clauses that show contrast. It is preceded by a comma when connecting two complete sentences.
中文： 對等連接詞「but」（但是）用於連接兩個表示對比的獨立子句。當連接兩個完整的句子時，前面通常會加上逗號。
The weather was cold, but we went for a walk anyway.
天氣很冷，但我們還是去散步了。
EN： The causative structure 'make + object + adjective' is used to describe causing someone or something to enter a certain state or condition.
中文： 使役結構「make + 受詞 + 形容詞」用於描述使某人或某物進入某種狀態或情況。
Regular exercise can make your body strong.
規律的運動可以讓你的身體強壯。
EN： The Zero Conditional is used to talk about general truths, scientific facts, or situations where one event always leads to another. It is structured as: 'When/If + Present Simple, Present Simple'.
中文： 零類條件句（Zero Conditional）用於描述普遍真理、科學事實，或某個事件必然會導致另一個結果的情況。其結構為：「When/If + 現在簡單式，現在簡單式」。
When you heat ice, it melts.
當你加熱冰塊時，它會融化。
EN： Indefinite pronouns like 'everyone', 'someone', and 'nobody' are grammatically singular. Therefore, the verb that follows them must take the singular form (e.g., 'suffers' with an '-s').
中文： 不定代名詞如「everyone」（每個人）、「someone」（某人）和「nobody」（無人）在語法上視為單數。因此，其後接的動詞必須使用單數形（例如：動詞字尾加 '-s' 的 'suffers'）。
Everyone wants to be happy.
每個人都想要快樂。
EN： This sentence reflects a growing global awareness of environmental protection and shared responsibility. In English-speaking cultures, environmental education often emphasizes that individual actions (like wasting water) have collective consequences, fostering a sense of community duty.
中文： 這句話反映了全球對於環境保護與共同責任意識的提升。在英語系國家的文化中，環境教育經常強調個人的行為（如浪費水資源）會帶來集體的後果，藉此培養公民的社會責任感。
EN： The conjunction 'although' is used to introduce a subordinate clause of concession, showing a contrast. In English, we do not use 'but' in the main clause when 'although' is used at the beginning of the sentence.
中文： 連接詞「although」（雖然）用於引導讓步修飾子句，表示對比。在英文中，當句首使用了「although」時，主要子句中「不可」再並用連接詞「but」（但是）。
Although it was raining, we went for a walk.
雖然正在下雨，我們還是去散步了。
EN： The modal verb 'can' is used to express ability or possibility. It is followed by the base form of the verb (in this case, 'help').
中文： 情態助動詞「can」（能夠/可以）用來表示能力或可能性。其後必須接動詞原形（在此句中為「help」）。
We can save energy by turning off the lights.
我們可以用關燈來節省能源。
EN： The coordinating conjunction 'and' is used to connect two verbs ('turn off' and 'save') that share the same subject ('I'). This creates a compound predicate, making the sentence more concise.
中文： 對等連接詞「and」（和、並且）用於連接共享同一個主詞（I）的兩個動詞（turn off 和 save）。這形成了一個複合述語，使句子更加簡潔。
She washes the dishes and cleans the kitchen.
她洗碗並清理廚房。
EN： The phrasal verb 'turn off' means to stop the flow of electricity, gas, or water. It is a separable phrasal verb, meaning the object can go between 'turn' and 'off' (e.g., 'turn lights off') or after 'off' (e.g., 'turn off lights').
中文： 片語動詞「turn off」意思是關閉電力、瓦斯或水源。它是一個可拆分的片語動詞，這意味著受詞可以放在「turn」和「off」之間（例如 turn lights off），也可以放在「off」之後（例如 turn off lights）。
Please turn off the TV before you go to bed.
請在睡前把電視關掉。
EN： In many English-speaking countries, environmental awareness campaigns frequently use simple, direct imperatives or personal statements like 'I turn off lights' to encourage daily energy conservation habits.
中文： 在許多英語系國家，環保宣導活動經常使用簡單、直接的祈使句或個人陳述（如「I turn off lights」）來鼓勵人們養成日常節約能源的習慣。
EN： The subordinating conjunction 'because' is used to introduce a clause of reason. It connects the main action ('We plant trees') with the cause or reason behind it ('they clean the air'). Unlike in Chinese, where 'because' (因為) and 'so' (所以) are often used together in a sentence, English only uses one conjunction to connect these two clauses.
中文： 從屬連接詞「because」（因為）用於引導表示原因的從屬子句。它將主要動作（我們種植樹木）與其背後的原因（它們能淨化空氣）連接起來。與中文常同時使用「因為...所以...」不同，英文在連接這兩個子句時，只會使用一個連接詞（用了 because 就不能再用 so）。
I stay at home because it is raining.
我待在家裡，因為正在下雨。
EN： The pronoun 'they' is a third-person plural subject pronoun. In this sentence, it is used as an anaphora to refer back to the plural noun 'trees' mentioned in the main clause, avoiding repetitive language.
中文： 代名詞「they」（它們）是第三人稱複數主格代名詞。在本句中，它作為照應語，用來指代前句中提到的複數名詞「trees」（樹木），以避免語言上的重複。
I bought some apples because they looked fresh.
我買了一些蘋果，因為它們看起來很新鮮。
EN： First Conditional: Used to talk about possibilities in the present or in the future. The structure is 'If + simple present, will + base verb'.
中文： 第一類條件句（First Conditional）：用於描述在現在或未來極有可能發生的真實情況。結構為「If + 現在簡單式，will + 動詞原型」。
If it rains tomorrow, we will cancel the picnic.
如果明天下雨，我們就會取消野餐。
EN： Comparative Adjectives: 'Brighter' is the comparative form of the adjective 'bright'. For short adjectives, we add '-er' to compare two states or things.
中文： 比較級形容詞：「brighter」是形容詞「bright」（光明的）的比較級。對於單音節的短形容詞，我們通常在字尾加上「-er」來比較兩種狀態或事物。
With this new lamp, the room is much brighter.
有了這盞新燈，房間變得明亮多了。
EN： This sentence reflects a common theme in modern environmental discourse: the emphasis on immediate, collective action to prevent climate change and secure a better future for subsequent generations.
中文： 這句話反映了現代環保論述中的一個共同主題：強調立即採取集體行動，以防止氣候變遷，並為後代子孫確保一個更美好的未來。
EN： The modal verb 'must' is used to express strong obligation or necessity. It is followed by the base form of the verb (in this case, 'change').
中文： 情態助動詞「must」用於表示強烈的義務或必要性。其後須接動詞原形（在此句中為「change」）。
We must protect the environment.
我們必須保護環境。
EN： The conjunction 'or' is used here to introduce the negative consequence of not doing the action in the first clause. It translates to 'otherwise' or 'else'.
中文： 連接詞「or」在此處用於引導若不執行前句動作將會產生的否定後果，相當於「否則」。
Hurry up, or you will miss the bus.
快一點，否則你會錯過公車。
EN： The phrasal verb 'care about' means to feel that something is important and to be concerned about it. It is followed by a noun or pronoun as its object.
中文： 片語動詞「care about」表示覺得某事很重要、並對其表示關心或在意。後面接名詞或代名詞作為受詞。
She cares about animal welfare.
她關心動物福利。
EN： The coordinating conjunction 'and' is used to connect two independent clauses (complete thoughts) of equal importance. A comma is typically placed before 'and' when joining two independent clauses.
中文： 等立連接詞「and」用於連接兩個同樣重要且獨立的子句（完整的想法）。當連接兩個獨立子句時，通常會在「and」之前加上逗號。
I like reading, and I want to write a book.
我喜歡閱讀，而且我想寫一本書。
EN： The verb 'matter' is an intransitive verb meaning 'to be important or have a significant effect.' It does not require a direct object.
中文： 動詞「matter」是不及物動詞，意思是「重要」或「有重大影響」，其後不需要接直接賓語。
Your opinion matters to us.
您的意見對我們很重要。
EN： The subordinating conjunction 'when' is used to introduce an adverbial clause of time, indicating the condition or time under which the main action occurs.
中文： 從屬連接詞「when」用於引導時間副詞子句，表示主句動作發生的時間或條件。
We feel happy when we help others.
當我們幫助他人時，我們感到快樂。
EN： The appositive pronoun 'all' is used after the subject pronoun 'we' to emphasize that every member of the group is included in the action.
中文： 同位語代名詞「all」置於主格代名詞「we」之後，用以強調群體中的每一個人皆參與了該項動作。
We all want to protect the environment.
我們大家都想要保護環境。
EN： Adjective ordering: When multiple adjectives describe a noun, they follow a specific order. Here, 'small' (size) comes before 'blue' (color).
中文： 形容詞的排列順序：當有多個形容詞修飾同一個名詞時，需遵循特定的順序。在此處，「small」（尺寸）置於「blue」（顏色）之前。
She lives in a big, white house.
她住在一棟白色的大房子裡。
EN： The phrase 'blue planet' is a common and affectionate way to refer to Earth, emphasizing its oceans and vulnerability in the vastness of space. It is often used in environmental contexts to inspire a sense of global community and shared responsibility.
中文： 「blue planet」（藍色星球）是人們對地球常用且充滿感情的稱呼，強調了在浩瀚太空中地球的海洋與其脆弱性。這句話常用於環保情境中，以激發全球共同體意識與共同責任感。
EN： The conjunction 'although' is used to introduce a subordinate clause of concession, showing a contrast. In English, we do not use 'but' in the main clause when 'although' is used.
中文： 從屬連接詞「although」（雖然）用於引導表示讓步的從屬子句，以呈現對比。在英文文法中，當句首使用了「although」，後面的主要子句就不能再使用「but」（但是）。
Although it was raining, we went for a walk.
雖然下著雨，我們還是去散步了。
EN： The relative clause 'we must respect' is an adjective clause modifying the noun 'limits'. The relative pronoun 'that' or 'which' is omitted because it functions as the object of the verb 'respect'.
中文： 關係子句「we must respect」是一個形容詞子句，用來修飾名詞「limits」（限制）。這裡省略了關係代名詞「that」或「which」，因為它在子句中擔任動詞「respect」的受格。
This is the book I bought yesterday.
這是我昨天買的那本書。
EN： Adverbial clauses of time are introduced by subordinating conjunctions like 'when'. They indicate the time at which the action in the main clause takes place. In this sentence, 'When we waste water or energy' sets the condition or time for the main action 'we harm our shared home'. Note that we use the present simple tense in the time clause to refer to general truths or future possibilities.
中文： 時間副詞子句由「when」（當……時）等從屬連接詞引導，用來表示主要子句動作發生的時間。在本句中，「When we waste water or energy」為主要動作「we harm our shared home」設定了前提時間或條件。請注意，在表示普遍真理或規律時，時間子句中需使用現在簡單式。
When you turn off the lights, you save electricity.
當你關燈時，你就節省了電。
EN： The coordinating conjunction 'or' is used to connect two or more words, phrases, or clauses of equal grammatical rank, presenting a choice or alternative. Here, 'or' connects the two noun objects 'water' and 'energy'.
中文： 對等連接詞「or」（或者）用於連接兩個或多個語法地位對等的單字、片語或子句，表示選擇或並列關係。在此處，「or」連接了兩個名詞受詞「water」（水）與「energy」（能源）。
You can ride a bike or walk to school.
你可以騎自行車或走路去上學。
EN： The concept of 'our shared home' reflects a global environmental perspective, emphasizing that Earth is a single, interconnected ecosystem where individual actions have collective consequences. This holistic view is central to modern environmental education and sustainability campaigns worldwide.
中文： 「我們共同的家園」（our shared home）這一概念反映了全球環保視角，強調地球是一個單一且相互關聯的生態系統，每個人的行為都會產生集體後果。這種整體觀是全球現代環境教育和永續發展運動的核心理念。
EN： The Present Continuous Tense (be + V-ing) is used here to describe an action or trend that is currently in progress or changing over time (e.g., 'are rising').
中文： 現在進行式（be 動詞 + 現在分詞）在此處用於描述目前正在發生或隨著時間不斷變化的動作或趨勢（例如：'are rising'，正在上升）。
Global temperatures are rising every year.
全球氣溫每年都在上升。
EN： The coordinating conjunction 'so' is used to connect two independent clauses, showing a cause-and-effect relationship. The first clause is the cause, and the second clause (introduced by 'so') is the result.
中文： 對等連接詞 'so'（所以）用於連接兩個獨立子句，表示因果關係。第一個子句是原因，第二個子句（由 'so' 引導）是結果。
It was raining, so we stayed indoors.
下雨了，所以我們待在室內。
EN： This sentence reflects the global urgency surrounding climate change and rising sea levels, a major environmental concern in the 21st century. The phrase 'act with care' emphasizes collective responsibility and mindful living.
中文： 這句話反映了全球對氣候變遷和海平面上升的緊迫關注，這是21世紀重大的環境議題。'act with care'（謹慎行動）這個片語強調了集體責任感以及對環境友善的生活方式。
EN： The modal verb 'can' is used to express ability or possibility. It is followed by the base form of the verb (infinitive without 'to'). In this sentence, 'can' applies to all three verbs in the list: 'recycle', 'save', and 'plant'.
中文： 情態助動詞「can」（能夠、可以）用於表示能力或可能性。其後必須接動詞原形（不帶 to 的不定詞）。在本句中，「can」同時修飾清單中的三個動詞：「recycle」（回收）、「save」（節約）和「plant」（種植）。
We can reduce waste by using reusable bags.
我們可以透過使用環保袋來減少垃圾。
EN： Parallel structure (or parallelism) involves using the same pattern of words to show that two or more ideas have the same level of importance. When listing three or more items, we use commas between them and place the coordinating conjunction 'and' before the last item (A, B, and C). Here, three base verbs are parallel: 'recycle', 'save [power]', and 'plant [more trees]'.
中文： 平行結構（排比）是指使用相同的單字結構來表示兩個或多個想法具有相同的的重要性。當列出三個或更多項目時，項目之間用逗號隔開，並在最後一個項目之前加上對等連接詞「and」（即 A, B, and C）。在這裡，三個原形動詞呈現平行對稱：「recycle」（回收）、「save [power]」（節約能源）和「plant [more trees]」（種植更多樹木）。
She likes to swim, run, and ride a bike.
她喜歡游泳、跑步和騎自行車。
EN： The subordinating conjunction 'because' is used to introduce a dependent clause (adverbial clause of reason) that explains why the action in the main clause happens. In English, we do not use 'so' in the main clause when 'because' is used.
中文： 從屬連接詞「because」（因為）用來引導副詞子句（原因子句），解釋主句動作發生的原因。在英文中，當句子開頭或中間使用了「because」，主句中就不能再重複使用「so」（所以）。
We stayed indoors because it was raining heavily.
我們待在室內，因為雨下得很大。
EN： The verb 'keep' can be used in the pattern 'keep + object + adjective' to mean 'to cause someone or something to remain in a specified state'. Here, 'the air' is the object and 'clean' is the object complement (adjective).
中文： 動詞「keep」後面常接「受詞 + 形容詞」的結構，表示「使某人或某事物保持在特定的狀態」。在此句中，「the air」（空氣）是受詞，「clean」（乾淨的）是形容詞作受詞補語。
Please keep the door open.
請保持門開著。
EN： In many Western countries, riding a bike to school or work is highly encouraged as an eco-friendly and healthy lifestyle choice. Schools often have dedicated bicycle racks, and cities invest in bike lanes to promote this green habit.
中文： 在許多西方國家，騎自行車上學或上班被視為一種非常環保且健康的生活方式。學校通常設有專用的自行車停放架，城市也會規劃自行車專用道，以推廣這種綠色習慣。
EN： The coordinating conjunction 'but' is used to connect two independent clauses, showing a contrast or contradiction between the two ideas.
中文： 對等連接詞「but」（但是）用於連接兩個獨立子句，表示前後兩個想法之間的對比或轉折關係。
She wanted to go for a walk, but it started to rain.
她想去散步，但開始下雨了。
EN： The verb 'count' can be used as an intransitive verb meaning 'to be significant or important'. It is often used with 'every' or 'all' to emphasize collective value.
中文： 動詞「count」可作為不及物動詞，意思是「有重要性、起作用」。它經常與「every」或「all」連用，以強調集體累積的價值。
EN： The phrase 'every action counts' reflects a common environmental and social philosophy in English-speaking cultures, emphasizing individual responsibility. It encourages people that even small, daily efforts (like recycling or saving water) are meaningful in solving global issues.
中文： 「every action counts」（每一個行動都很重要）反映了英語系國家常見的環保與社會哲學，強調個人責任感。它鼓勵人們，即使是日常生活中微小的努力（如資源回收或節約用水），對於解決全球性問題也同樣具有重要意義。
EN： The First Conditional is used to talk about possibilities in the present or in the future. It uses the structure: 'If + Simple Present, will/can/verb phrase'. In this sentence, 'If each of us does...' is the condition, and 'the change adds up fast' is the result (expressed as a general truth in the present simple).
中文： 第一條件句（First Conditional）用於討論現在或未來可能發生的情況。其結構為：「If + 現在簡單式，will/can/動詞片語」。在此句子中，「If each of us does...」是條件，而「the change adds up fast」則是結果（以現在簡單式表示一項普遍真理）。
If you study hard, you will pass the exam.
如果你努力學習，你就會通過考試。
EN： The phrasal verb 'add up' means to increase gradually in quantity or size until it becomes significant. 'Each of us' is a singular subject, which is why it takes the singular verb 'does'.
中文： 片語動詞「add up」意為「逐漸增加、積少成多」，直到達到顯著的程度。另外，「each of us」（我們每個人）在英文中視為單數主詞，因此後方接單數動詞「does」。
These small expenses add up to a lot of money over time.
隨著時間推移，這些微小的開銷會累積成一筆大數目。
EN： This sentence reflects a common environmental philosophy in English-speaking cultures: collective individualism. It emphasizes that while global problems like climate change seem overwhelming, individual small actions (like recycling or saving water) are meaningful and powerful when multiplied by millions of people.
中文： 這句話反映了英語系國家常見的環保哲學：集體個人主義。它強調雖然像氣候變遷這樣的全球性問題看似令人無能為力，但當成千上萬人的微小個人行動（如資源回收或節約用水）累積起來時，就會產生強大的改變力量。
EN： The correlative conjunction 'not... but...' is used to connect two contrasting ideas, indicating that the first idea is false or rejected, while the second is true or accepted. It requires parallel grammatical structure after both 'not' and 'but'.
中文： 相關連詞「not... but...」（不是……而是……）用於連接兩個對比的觀點，表示否定前者而肯定後者。在「not」和「but」後面需要接相同語法結構的對稱成分。
He succeeded not by luck but through hard work.
他的成功不是靠運氣，而是透過努力工作。
EN： Reflexive pronouns (such as 'ourselves') are used when the subject and the object of the verb or preposition are the same. In this sentence, 'ourselves' refers back to the subject 'We'.
中文： 反身代名詞（如「ourselves」）用於當動詞或介系詞的主詞與受詞為同一人稱時。在本句中，「ourselves」（我們自己）呼應了主詞「We」（我們）。
We should believe in ourselves.
我們應該相信我們自己。
EN： The phrasal verb 'belong to' is used to indicate ownership or relationship. It is a non-progressive (stative) verb, meaning it is rarely used in the continuous (-ing) form.
中文： 動詞片語「belong to」用於表示所有權或歸屬關係。它是一個靜態動詞（stative verb），通常不使用進行式（-ing 形式）。
These books belong to the library.
這些書屬於圖書館。
EN： The word 'alike' can function as an adverb meaning 'equally' or 'in the same way'. When placed at the end of a sentence or clause, it emphasizes that the statement applies to all parties mentioned equally.
中文： 單字「alike」可作為副詞使用，意思是「同樣地」或「以相同方式」。當它放在句子或子句的末尾時，用來強調所敘述的情況同樣適用於所有提及的對象。
The teacher treated the students and parents alike.
老師對待學生和家長一視同仁。
EN： Adverbial clause of time introduced by 'when'. This clause sets the condition or time frame for the main action. In this sentence, 'When people work together' is the dependent clause, and 'even big problems grow smaller' is the independent main clause.
中文： 由 'when'（當……時）引導的時間副詞子句。此子句用於設定主要動作發生的時間或條件。在本句中，「When people work together」是從屬子句，而「even big problems grow smaller」是獨立的主要子句。
When the sun sets, the temperature drops quickly.
當太陽下山時，溫度會迅速下降。
EN： Linking verb 'grow' used to indicate a change in state. 'Grow' is followed by a comparative adjective ('smaller') acting as a subject complement, meaning 'to become' or 'to turn'.
中文： 連繫動詞「grow」用於表示狀態的改變。後面接比較級形容詞（smaller）作為主詞補語，意思是「變得」或「轉變為」。
As autumn approaches, the days grow shorter.
隨著秋天臨近，白天變得越來越短。
EN： This sentence reflects a strong cultural value of community action and collective responsibility, which is highly prominent in modern environmental movements. The phrasing emphasizes that individual efforts, when combined, have a powerful collective impact.
中文： 這句話反映了社群行動與集體責任的強烈文化價值觀，這在現代環保運動中非常受到重視。此句型強調了個人的努力在凝聚起來時，能產生強大的集體影響力。
EN： The phrase 'In the end' is a transitional adverbial phrase used to introduce a final conclusion, summary, or ultimate result after considering all facts.
中文： 片語「In the end」是一個過渡性的副詞片語，用於在考慮所有事實後，引出最終的結論、總結或最終結果，意為「歸根結底」或「最後」。
In the end, honesty is always the best policy.
歸根結底，誠實總是最好的策略。
EN： The verb 'means' (singular form of 'mean') is used here to link a subject to its logical consequence or definition. In this structure, 'A means B' indicates that A logically results in or is equivalent to B.
中文： 動詞「means」（動詞「mean」的單數形式）在此處用於將主詞與其邏輯結果或定義聯繫起來。在這種結構中，「A means B」表示 A 在邏輯上會導致 B，或者與 B 等同。
EN： This sentence reflects the global citizenship mindset, emphasizing that environmental and social issues transcend national borders. The repetition of 'one' ('one world', 'one shared responsibility') is a common rhetorical device in English speeches to create a sense of unity and urgency.
中文： 這句話反映了「全球公民」的思維方式，強調環境與社會問題是超越國界的。英文演講中常用「one」的重複（如「one world, one shared responsibility」）作為修辭手法，以營造團結感與緊迫感。
EN： Wh-questions with modal verbs: In English, questions starting with a question word (like 'how') followed by a modal verb (like 'can') use the word order: Wh-word + modal verb + subject + main verb. The main verb must be in its base form.
中文： 使用情態助動詞的特殊疑問句：在英文中，以疑問詞（如 'how'）開頭並結合情態助動詞（如 'can'）的問句，其語序為：疑問詞 + 情態助動詞 + 主詞 + 主要動詞。主要動詞必須使用原形動詞。
How can we protect the environment?
我們該如何保護環境？
EN： Direct address with comma: When addressing someone directly by name (vocative case) at the end of a sentence, a comma must be placed before the name to separate it from the rest of the clause.
中文： 呼格逗號：在句子末尾直接稱呼某人的名字（呼格）時，名字前面必須加上逗號，以將其與句子的其餘部分隔開。
What should we do, Tom?
我們該做什麼呢，湯姆？
EN： In English-speaking cultures, referring to Earth as 'the planet' is very common in discussions about environmentalism and sustainability. It emphasizes our shared responsibility to care for the global environment.
中文： 在英語系國家中，在討論環保與永續發展時，經常會用 'the planet' 來指代地球。這強調了我們共同守護全球環境的責任。
EN： The modal verb 'can' is used to express ability or possibility. It is followed by the base form of the verb (bare infinitive), in this case, 'recycle'.
中文： 情態助動詞「can」（能夠/可以）用來表示能力或可能性。其後必須接動詞原形（不帶 to 的不定詞），在此句中為「recycle」（回收）。
We can save water by taking shorter showers.
我們可以透過縮短淋浴時間來節省用水。
EN： The subordinating conjunction 'because' is used to introduce a clause of reason, explaining why the action in the main clause ('We can recycle') is possible or necessary.
中文： 從屬連接詞「because」（因為）用來引導表示原因的從屬子句，解釋為什麼主要子句（「我們可以回收」）的動作是可行或必要的。
We walk to school because it reduces pollution.
我們走路去上學，因為這樣可以減少污染。
EN： The coordinating conjunction 'or' is used to connect two alternative verbs ('walk' and 'bike') that share the same subject ('I'). This creates a compound predicate.
中文： 對等連接詞「or」（或者）用來連接兩個共享同一個主詞（I）的替代性動詞（walk 與 bike），形成複合述語。
We can study or play after school.
我們放學後可以讀書或玩耍。
EN： The 'to-infinitive' (to + base verb) is used here as an adverbial of purpose, answering the question 'why' the action is done. In this sentence, 'to keep' means 'in order to keep'.
中文： 不定詞（to + 原形動詞）在此處用作副詞片語表示「目的」，回答了動作「為什麼」而做。在本句中，「to keep」表示「為了保持」。
She saves money to buy a new computer.
她存錢是為了買一台新電腦。
EN： In many English-speaking countries, especially in eco-conscious communities, 'biking' or 'cycling' to work or school is highly encouraged as a green alternative to driving, reflecting a strong cultural emphasis on individual environmental responsibility.
中文： 在許多英語系國家（特別是具有環保意識的社區），人們非常鼓勵「騎自行車」上班或上學，將其視為開車之外的綠色替代方案，這反映了文化上對個人環保責任的重視。
EN： The Zero Conditional is used to talk about things that are always or generally true, such as scientific facts or general habits. It uses the structure: 'When/If + Present Simple, Present Simple'.
中文： 零類條件句（Zero Conditional）用於描述總是或普遍屬實的事情，例如科學事實或一般習慣。其結構為：「When/If + 現在簡單式，現在簡單式」。
When you heat ice, it melts.
當你加熱冰塊時，它會融化。
EN： Indefinite pronouns like 'everyone', 'someone', and 'nobody' are grammatically singular. Therefore, the verb that follows them must take the third-person singular form (e.g., 'benefits' with an '-s').
中文： 像 'everyone'（每個人）、'someone'（某人）和 'nobody'（沒有人）這樣的不定代名詞在語法上視為單數。因此，後面的動詞必須使用第三人稱單數形式（例如 'benefits' 加上 '-s'）。
Everyone loves a good story.
每個人都喜歡好故事。
EN： The conjunction 'although' is used to introduce a subordinate clause that expresses a concession or contrast. In English, when a sentence begins with 'although', we do not use 'but' in the main clause. A comma is used to separate the two clauses.
中文： 連接詞「although」（雖然）用於引導表示讓步或對比的從屬子句。在英文中，當句子以「although」開頭時，主要子句中「不能」再使用「but」（但是）。兩句之間需使用逗號隔開。
Although it was raining, we went for a walk.
雖然正在下雨，我們還是去散步了。
EN： The verb 'keep' followed by a gerund (verb-ing) is a common phrasal pattern meaning to continue doing an action without stopping or to repeat it frequently.
中文： 動詞「keep」後面接動名詞（V-ing）是一個常見的句型，表示不間斷地持續進行某個動作，或頻繁重複該動作。
You must keep practicing if you want to improve.
如果你想進步，你必須持續練習。
EN： The First Conditional is used to talk about possibilities in the present or in the future. It uses the structure: 'If + Simple Present, Will/Modal + Verb'. In this sentence, 'looks' is used instead of 'will look' to describe a state that immediately results from the condition.
中文： 第一條件句（First Conditional）用於討論現在或未來可能發生的真實情況。其基本結構為「If + 現在簡單式，will/情態助動詞 + 動詞原型」。在本句中，主要子句使用「looks」而非「will look」，用以描述條件達成後隨之呈現的即時狀態。
If it rains tomorrow, we will cancel the picnic.
如果明天下雨，我們就會取消野餐。
EN： The adverb 'now' is used to modify the verb 'act', indicating that the action needs to happen immediately in the present moment to affect the future.
中文： 地方/時間副詞「now」（現在）在此處修飾動詞「act」（行動），強調必須在當下立即採取行動，才能對未來產生影響。
EN： This sentence reflects a growing global consciousness among younger generations regarding environmental protection and climate change. The phrase 'act now' is a common rallying cry in environmental activism, emphasizing individual and collective responsibility.
中文： 這句話反映了年輕一代對於環境保護和氣候變遷日益增強的全球意識。「act now」（現在採取行動）是環保運動中常見的號召口號，強調個人與集體的責任感。
EN： The coordinating conjunction 'and' is used to connect two independent clauses or two verbs sharing the same subject. In this sentence, 'and' connects the compound verbs 'turn off' and 'save', which both share the subject 'I'.
中文： 對等連接詞「and」（並且）用於連接兩個獨立子句，或連接共享同一個主詞的兩個動詞。在本句中，「and」連接了複合動詞「turn off」（關閉）與「save」（節省），這兩個動作的主詞皆為「I」（我）。
I wash the dishes and clean the kitchen.
我洗碗並清理廚房。
EN： The word 'daily' functions as an adverb of frequency meaning 'every day'. Adverbs of frequency or time like 'daily' are typically placed at the end of the sentence to show how often an action occurs.
中文： 單字「daily」在此作為頻率副詞，意思是「每天」。像「daily」這類表示頻率或時間的副詞，通常放在句尾，用來表示動作發生的頻率。
She exercises daily to stay healthy.
她每天運動以保持健康。
EN： In many English-speaking countries, environmental conservation and reducing one's carbon footprint are highly emphasized in schools and daily life. Simple habits like turning off lights and conserving water are commonly taught from a young age as individual responsibilities.
中文： 在許多英語系國家，學校和日常生活中都非常強調環境保護與減少碳足跡。從小就會教育孩子養成隨手關燈和節約用水等簡單習慣，並將其視為個人的基本責任。
EN： Coordinating Conjunction 'and': Used to connect two independent clauses (complete sentences) of equal grammatical rank. In this sentence, it links 'We plant trees' and 'they clean our air' to show a logical addition or result.
中文： 對等連接詞「and」：用於連接兩個語法地位平等的獨立子句（完整句子）。在本句中，它將「We plant trees」與「they clean our air」連結起來，表示邏輯上的遞進或結果。
She saves water, and he recycles paper.
她節約用水，而他回收紙張。
EN： Subject Pronoun 'they': Used to replace plural nouns to avoid repetition. Here, 'they' refers back to the plural noun 'trees'.
中文： 主格代名詞「they」：用於代替複數名詞以避免重複。在此處，「they」指的是前文的複數名詞「trees」（樹木）。
I bought some books, and they are very interesting.
我買了一些書，它們非常有趣。
EN： The verb 'matter' is an intransitive verb meaning 'to be important' or 'to have significance'. It does not require a direct object.
中文： 動詞「matter」是不及物動詞，意思是「重要」或「有重大關係」，其後不需要接直接受詞。
Your opinion matters to us.
您的意見對我們很重要。
EN： The subordinating conjunction 'when' is used to introduce an adverbial clause of time, indicating the condition or time under which the main action occurs.
中文： 從屬連接詞「when」（當……時）用於引導時間副詞子句，表示主句動作發生的時間或條件。
We feel happy when we help others.
當我們幫助他人時，我們會感到快樂。
EN： This sentence uses 'Noun Phrase Parallelism' (or ellipsis), where verbs are omitted to create a strong, slogan-like impact. Each phrase consists of a numeral ('one') followed by a noun or a noun phrase modified by an adjective ('shared duty'). This structure is highly effective in persuasive writing and speeches.
中文： 此句子使用了「名詞片語排比」（或省略句），省略了動詞以創造出強烈、口號般的衝擊感。每個片語都由數字（「one」）後接名詞，或由形容詞修飾的名詞片語（「shared duty」）組成。這種結構在說服性寫作和演講中非常有效。
One team, one goal, one victory.
一個團隊，一個目標，一場勝利。
EN： The word 'shared' is a past participle (V-ed) functioning as an adjective. It modifies the noun 'duty' to indicate that the duty is held or experienced in common by more than one person.
中文： 單字「shared」是過去分詞（V-ed）用作形容詞。它修飾名詞「duty」，表示這份責任是由一個以上的人共同承擔或體驗的。
We have a shared interest in music.
我們對音樂有共同的興趣。
EN： This type of three-part parallel structure is known as a 'tricolon' in rhetoric. It is a classic device used in English speeches, slogans, and literature to make a statement memorable, balanced, and emotionally resonant. It emphasizes global unity and collective environmental responsibility.
中文： 這種三部分組成的排比結構在修辭學中被稱為「三肢句」（tricolon）。這是英文演講、口號和文學中常用的經典手法，能使陳述更易記、平衡且產生情感共鳴。它在此處強調了全球的團結與共同的環保責任。
重要單字附有 IPA 發音、定義、例句和互動式測驗。
在本文中： 回收利用（廢棄物）
在本文中： 受苦、遭受痛苦
在本文中： 能源、能量
在本文中： 界限、限度
在本文中： 尊重、重視
在本文中： 傷害、損害
在本文中： 保護
在本文中： 資源
在本文中： 得益、受惠
在本文中： 責任、職責
片語包含類型標示、雙語定義、用法說明和例句。
To stop the flow of electricity, gas, water, etc. by moving a switch or button
關掉（電器、水源等）
To be important or have an effect
有重要意義、起作用
To increase gradually until there is a large amount
積少成多、累加起來
To take part in an activity that other people are already doing
加入、參與