EN： The passive voice is used when the focus is on the action or the receiver of the action, rather than the doer. It is formed using 'be' + past participle (V3). In this sentence, 'was invented' is the past passive voice, indicating that the invention of the telephone happened in the past.
中文： 被動語態（Passive Voice）用於當焦點放在動作本身或動作的接受者，而非執行者時。其結構為「be 動詞 + 過去分詞 (V3)」。在本句中，「was invented」是過去簡單式的被動語態，表示電話在過去某個時間點被髮明。
The light bulb was invented by Edison.
電燈泡是由愛迪生髮明的。
EN： The phrase 'long ago' is an adverbial phrase of time used to refer to a period far back in the past. It is commonly used with the past simple tense.
中文： 「long ago」是一個表示時間的副詞片語，用來指代很久以前的過去。它通常與過去簡單式連用。
Dinosaurs lived on Earth long ago.
恐龍在很久以前生活在地球上。
EN： The invention of the telephone is traditionally credited to Alexander Graham Bell in 1876. This historical milestone revolutionized global communication, paving the way for the modern connected world.
中文： 電話的發明傳統上歸功於亞歷山大·格拉漢姆·貝爾（Alexander Graham Bell）於 1876 年的發明。這一歷史性的里程碑徹底改變了全球通訊，為現代互聯世界奠定了基礎。
EN： The passive voice (be + past participle) is used when the focus is on the action or the receiver of the action, rather than the doer. In this sentence, 'is made' is the present simple passive form.
中文： 被動語態（be 動詞 + 過去分詞）用於當焦點在於動作本身或動作的接受者，而非執行者時。在本句中，「is made」是現在簡單式的被動語態形式。
The house is painted every year.
這棟房子每年都會被粉刷。
EN： The prepositional phrase 'made from' is used when the original raw material undergoes a chemical or physical transformation and is no longer easily recognizable in the final product (e.g., wood becoming paper). This contrasts with 'made of', which is used when the basic material remains recognizable (e.g., a table made of wood).
中文： 介系詞片語「made from」用於原料經歷了化學或物理變化，且在成品中不再容易辨認的情況（例如：木頭製成紙張）。這與「made of」不同，「made of」用於原料在成品中依然清晰可辨的情況（例如：木頭製成的桌子）。
Cheese is made from milk.
起司是由牛奶製成的。
EN： The passive voice (be + past participle) is used when the focus is on the action or the receiver of the action, rather than the doer. In this sentence, 'was designed' is the past passive form, showing that the bridge received the action of designing.
中文： 被動語態（be 動詞 + 過去分詞）用於當焦點在於動作本身或動作的接受者，而非執行者時。在本句中，「was designed」是過去被動式，表示這座橋接受了「設計」這個動作。
The book was written by a local author.
這本書是由一位當地作家寫的。
EN： The preposition 'by' is used in passive sentences to introduce the agent (the person or thing that performs the action).
中文： 介係詞「by」在被動語態句子中用來引出行為者（執行該動作的人或事物）。
The cake was made by my sister.
這個蛋糕是我姐姐做的。
EN： The passive voice (be + past participle) is used when the focus is on the action or the receiver of the action, rather than the doer. In this sentence, 'is made' is the present simple passive form.
中文： 被動語態（be 動詞 + 過去分詞）用於當焦點在於動作本身或動作的接受者，而非執行者時。在本句中，「is made」是現在簡單式的被動語態形式。
This book is written in simple English.
這本書是用簡單的英文寫成的。
EN： The prepositional phrase 'made from' is used when the original raw material undergoes a chemical or physical change to become the final product, making it unrecognizable in its original form.
中文： 介系詞片語「made from」（由……製成）用於原料在製作過程中經歷了化學或物理變化，導致在成品中無法辨認出其原始形態的情況。
Paper is made from wood.
紙是由木頭製成的。
EN： The passive voice is used when the focus is on the action or the receiver of the action, rather than the doer. It is formed using 'be' + past participle (V3). In this sentence, 'was built' is the past simple passive form.
中文： 被動語態（Passive Voice）用於當焦點在於動作本身或動作的接受者，而非執行者時。其結構為「be 動詞 + 過去分詞 (V3)」。在本句中，「was built」是過去簡單式的被動語態形式。
The telephone was invented long ago.
電話是在很久以前被發明的。
EN： The phrase 'over a century ago' uses 'over' to mean 'more than', and 'ago' to indicate a specific point in the past relative to the present. It is commonly used with the past simple tense.
中文： 片語「over a century ago」中，「over」表示「超過（more than）」，而「ago」則用來表示相對於現在的過去某個特定時間點。此結構通常與過去簡單式連用。
The school was founded over a decade ago.
這所學校是在十多年前創立的。
EN： The Present Simple Passive Voice is used to describe facts, general truths, or regular actions where the focus is on the action or the receiver of the action, rather than the doer. It is formed using 'am/is/are' followed by the past participle (V3) of the main verb.
中文： 現在簡單式的被動語態（Present Simple Passive Voice）用於描述事實、普遍真理或規律發生的動作，此時焦點在於動作本身或接受動作的人事物，而非執行者。其結構為「am/is/are + 過去分詞 (V3)」。
Many books are printed in this city.
許多書是在這座城市印刷的。
EN： The demonstrative adjective 'these' is used before plural nouns ('toys') to point to things that are close to the speaker in distance or time.
中文： 指示形容詞「these」（這些）用於複數名詞（如 toys）之前，用來指代在空間或時間上距離說話者較近的人事物。
These shirts were sewn by local workers.
這些襯衫是由當地的工人們縫製的。
EN： The passive voice (be + past participle) is used when the focus is on the action or the receiver of the action, rather than the doer. In this sentence, 'was invented' is the past passive form, indicating that the action happened in the past.
中文： 被動語態（be 動詞 + 過去分詞）用於當焦點在於動作本身或動作的接受者，而非執行者時。在本句中，「was invented」是過去被動式，表示該動作發生在過去。
The telephone was invented by Alexander Graham Bell.
電話是由亞歷山大·格拉漢姆·貝爾發明的。
EN： The preposition 'by' is used in passive sentences to introduce the agent—the person or thing that performs the action.
中文： 介系詞「by」在被動語態句子中用來引介施動者（即執行該動作的人或事物）。
This beautiful song was written by a young artist.
這首優美的歌曲是由一位年輕藝術家創作的。
EN： Thomas Edison is historically credited with inventing the practical incandescent light bulb, a milestone of the Industrial Revolution that fundamentally changed modern society and work patterns.
中文： 湯瑪斯·愛迪生在歷史上被歸功於發明了實用的白熾電燈泡，這是工業革命的一個里程碑，從根本上改變了現代社會和工作模式。
EN： The passive voice is used when the focus is on the action or the receiver of the action, rather than the doer. It is formed using 'be + past participle' (is grown). Here, 'rice' is the receiver of the action 'grow'.
中文： 被動語態（Passive Voice）用於當焦點在於動作本身或動作的接受者，而非執行者時。其結構為「be 動詞 + 過去分詞」（is grown）。在此句中，「rice」（稻米）是動作「grow」（種植）的接受者。
Wheat is grown in many European countries.
許多歐洲國家都種植小麥。
EN： The preposition 'in' is used before large geographical areas such as countries, continents, or regions (e.g., 'in many parts of Asia').
中文： 介係詞「in」用於國家、洲或區域等大型地理區域之前（例如「in many parts of Asia」，在亞洲的許多地方）。
Pandas live in certain parts of China.
大熊貓生活在中國的某些地區。
EN： Rice is the primary staple food for more than half of the world's population, particularly in Asia, where its cultivation has shaped the landscape, economy, and social structures for thousands of years.
中文： 稻米是世界上超過一半人口（尤其是在亞洲）的主要糧食作物。數千年來，稻作農業形塑了亞洲的自然景觀、經濟模式以及社會結構。
EN： The passive voice is used when the focus is on the action or the receiver of the action, rather than the doer. It is formed using 'be' + past participle (V3). In this sentence, 'was created' is the past simple passive voice.
中文： 被動語態（Passive Voice）用於當焦點放在動作本身或動作的接受者，而非執行者時。其結構為「be 動詞 + 過去分詞 (V3)」。在本句中，「was created」是過去簡單式的被動語態。
The temple was built in the 18th century.
這座寺廟建於 18 世紀。
EN： The phrase 'hundreds of' is used to express an indefinite large number, meaning several hundred. It is always followed by a plural noun (e.g., 'hundreds of years', 'hundreds of people').
中文： 片語「hundreds of」（數以百計的）用於表達不確定的大數量，意為數百個。後面必須接複數名詞（例如：「數百年前」、「數百人」）。
Hundreds of birds fly south for the winter.
數以百計的鳥類飛往南方過冬。
EN： The passive voice (be + past participle) is used when the focus is on the action or the receiver of the action, rather than the doer. In this sentence, 'is made' is the present simple passive form, indicating a general fact.
中文： 被動語態（be 動詞 + 過去分詞）用於當焦點在於動作本身或動作的接受者，而非執行者時。在本句中，「is made」是現在簡單式的被動形式，用來表示一個普遍的事實。
Paper is made from wood.
紙是由木頭製成的。
EN： The prepositional phrase 'made from' is used when the original raw material undergoes a chemical or physical transformation, changing its form completely so that it is no longer recognizable in the final product.
中文： 介系詞片語「made from」（由……製成）用於原料經歷了化學或物理變化，完全改變了其原始形態，在成品中已無法辨認的情況。
Cheese is made from milk.
起司是由牛奶製成的。
EN： The passive voice is used when the focus is on the action or the receiver of the action (this song), rather than the doer. It is formed with 'be' + past participle (written). The agent (the doer) is introduced with the preposition 'by'.
中文： 被動語態（Passive Voice）用於當焦點在於動作本身或接受動作的人事物（這首歌），而非執行者時。其結構為「be 動詞 + 過去分詞（written）」。執行者則由介系詞「by」引導。
The novel was written by a famous author.
這部小說是由一位著名的作家寫的。
EN： The past participle 'written' is the irregular past participle form of the verb 'write' (write - wrote - written). It is used here after the auxiliary verb 'was' to form the past simple passive.
中文： 過去分詞「written」是動詞「write」的不規則過去分詞形式（write - wrote - written）。在此處接在助動詞「was」之後，用以構成一般過去時的被動語態。
The letter was written in English.
這封信是用英文寫的。
EN： The Present Simple Passive Voice is used to describe general truths, facts, or regular occurrences where the focus is on the action or the receiver of the action, rather than who performs it. It is formed using 'am/is/are + past participle (V3)'.
中文： 現在簡單式的被動語態（Present Simple Passive Voice）用於描述普遍真理、事實或定期發生的事件。此時焦點在於動作本身或接受動作的對象，而非執行者。其結構為「am/is/are + 過去分詞 (V3)」。
Many books are printed in this city.
許多書是在這座城市印刷的。
EN： The adverbial phrase 'every year' is used to express frequency, indicating that an action happens repeatedly on an annual basis. It is typically placed at the end of the sentence.
中文： 副詞片語「every year」（每年）用於表示頻率，指出某個動作每年都會重複發生。通常放在句尾。
EN： The sentence features a defining relative clause (adjective clause) 'we use every day' that modifies the noun phrase 'Many things'. The relative pronoun 'that' or 'which' is omitted because it functions as the direct object of the verb 'use'.
中文： 本句包含一個關係子句（形容詞子句）「we use every day」，用來修飾名詞片語「Many things」。這裡省略了關係代名詞「that」或「which」，因為它在子句中擔任動詞「use」的直接受格。
The books we read in childhood shape our minds.
我們童年時閱讀的書籍塑造了我們的思想。
EN： The main verb of the sentence is in the present simple passive voice ('are made'). The passive voice is used here because the focus is on the action and the things being made, rather than who makes them.
中文： 本句的主動詞採用現在簡單式的被動語態（are made）。這裡使用被動語態是因為焦點在於動作本身以及被製造的事物，而非製造它們的人是誰。
These smartphones are designed in California.
這些智慧型手機是在加州設計的。
EN： The passive voice (be + past participle) is used when the focus is on the action or the receiver of the action, rather than the doer. Here, 'is made' focuses on the process of paper production.
中文： 被動語態（be 動詞 + 過去分詞）用於當焦點在於動作本身或動作的接受者，而非執行者時。在此處，'is made' 將焦點放在紙張製作的過程上。
This book was written by a famous author.
這本書是由一位著名的作家所撰寫的。
EN： The prepositional phrase 'made from' is used to describe the raw materials that undergo a chemical or physical transformation to become the final product.
中文： 介系詞片語 'made from' 用於描述原料在製成成品時，經歷了化學或物理性質的轉變（看不出原本的樣貌）。
Cheese is made from milk.
起司是由牛奶製成的。
EN： In English, abstract concepts like 'care' can be treated as 'ingredients' alongside physical materials (like trees and water) to add emotional depth or poetic value to a description, emphasizing the craftsmanship involved.
中文： 在英語中，像 'care'（用心/關懷）這樣的抽象概念可以與具體材料（如樹木和水）並列為「原料」，以此為描述增添情感深度或詩意，強調製作過程中所投入的匠心。
EN： The passive voice (be + past participle) is used when the focus is on the action or the receiver of the action, rather than the doer. Here, 'is created' and 'is heated' describe scientific processes where the agent is not specified.
中文： 被動語態（be 動詞 + 過去分詞）用於當焦點在於動作本身或動作的接受者，而非執行者時。在此處，「is created」（被創造）和「is heated」（被加熱）描述了不需要指明執行者的科學過程。
Paper is made from wood.
紙張是由木頭製成的。
EN： The subordinating conjunction 'when' is used to introduce an adverbial clause of time, indicating that one action or state occurs at the same time as, or immediately after, another.
中文： 從屬連接詞「when」用於引導時間副詞子句，表示一個動作或狀態與另一個動作同時發生，或緊接其後發生。
Water boils when it is heated to 100 degrees Celsius.
當水被加熱到攝氏100度時就會沸騰。
EN： The past simple passive voice is formed with 'was/were' + past participle. It is used when the focus is on the action or the receiver of the action, rather than the doer, and the action happened in the past.
中文： 過去簡單式的被動語態由「was/were + 過去分詞」構成。當焦點在於動作本身或動作的接受者，而非執行者，且動作發生在過去時，會使用此句型。
The light bulb was invented by Edison.
電燈泡是由愛迪生發明的。
EN： The phrase 'more than' is used as a modifier meaning 'over' or 'exceeding' a certain quantity or time period.
中文： 片語「more than」用作修飾語，表示「超過」或「多於」某個特定數量或時間段。
He lived in London for more than a decade.
他在倫敦住了十多年。
EN： The passive voice (be + past participle) is used here ('were built') to focus on the object of the action (cars) rather than the agent who built them.
中文： 此處使用被動語態（be 動詞 + 過去分詞「were built」），將焦點放在動作的承受者（汽車）而非製造汽車的人。
The bridge was designed by a famous engineer.
這座橋是由一位著名的工程師設計的。
EN： The infinitive of purpose ('to help') explains the reason for the action, followed by a bare infinitive ('travel') which is permitted after the verb 'help'.
中文： 不定詞表示目的（「to help」說明製造汽車的目的），其後接原形動詞（「travel」），這是動詞「help」後面允許的用法。
She saved money to help her parents buy a house.
她存錢是為了幫助父母買房子。
EN： The passive voice (be + past participle) is used when the focus is on the action or the receiver of the action, rather than the doer. In this sentence, 'are used' emphasizes the function of the robots.
中文： 被動語態（be 動詞 + 過去分詞）用於當焦點在於動作本身或動作的接受者，而非執行者時。在本句中，「are used」（被使用）強調了機器人的功能。
English is spoken all over the world.
英文在全世界都被使用。
EN： The infinitive 'to make' is used here as an infinitive of purpose, explaining 'why' the robots are used.
中文： 不定詞「to make」在此處作為表示目的的不定詞，解釋了「為什麼」要使用機器人。
He saved money to buy a new computer.
他存錢是為了買一台新電腦。
EN： The passive voice (be + past participle) is used when the focus is on the action or the receiver of the action, rather than who performs it. In this sentence, 'is tested' and 'is sold' are both in the present simple passive.
中文： 被動語態（be 動詞 + 過去分詞）用於當焦點在於動作本身或動作的接受者，而非執行者時。在本句中，「is tested」（被測試）與「is sold」（被銷售）皆為現在簡單式的被動語態。
The new product is launched worldwide today.
這款新產品於今天在全球上市。
EN： The conjunction 'before' introduces an adverbial clause of time. In time clauses referring to the future or general truths, the simple present tense (here, 'is sold') is used instead of the future tense.
中文： 連接詞「before」（在……之前）引導時間副詞子句。在表示未來或普遍真理的時間子句中，須使用現在簡單式（此處為「is sold」）來代替未來式。
Please turn off the lights before you leave.
離開前請先關燈。
EN： The Passive Voice (be + past participle) is used when the focus is on the action or the receiver of the action, rather than the doer. In this sentence, 'is provided' emphasizes that the water is being supplied, while the agent (who provides it) is omitted because it is obvious or unimportant.
中文： 被動語態（be 動詞 + 過去分詞）用於當焦點在於動作本身或動作的接受者，而非執行者時。在本句中，「is provided」（被提供）強調水被供應的過程，而執行者（提供水的人或機構）因顯而易見或不重要而被省略。
Electricity is generated by wind turbines.
電力是由風力發電機產生的。
EN： The preposition 'through' is used to indicate the medium, means, or instrument by which something is achieved or moves from one end to another.
中文： 介係詞「through」用於表示達成某事或物體移動時所穿過的媒介、手段或工具（意為「透過」、「穿過」）。
Information is sent through the internet.
資訊是透過網路傳送的。
EN： The passive voice (be + past participle) is used when the focus is on the action or the receiver of the action, rather than the doer. In this sentence, 'is shaped' (present passive) shows that our world is the recipient of the shaping action.
中文： 被動語態（be 動詞 + 過去分詞）用於當焦點在於動作本身或動作的接受者，而非執行者時。在本句中，「is shaped」（現在式被動語態）表示我們的世界是「被塑造」的對象。
The technology is developed by a team of experts.
這項技術是由一個專家團隊所研發的。
EN： The preposition 'by' is commonly used in passive sentences to introduce the agent (the person or thing that performs the action). Here, 'amazing human ideas' is the agent performing the shaping.
中文： 介系詞「by」在被動語態中常用於引介施動者（即執行該動作的人或物）。在此處，「amazing human ideas」（奇妙的人類創意）是進行塑造的施動者。
This beautiful song was written by a young artist.
這首優美的歌曲是由一位年輕藝術家所創作的。
EN： Passive Voice in Questions: The passive voice is used to focus on the action or the object receiving the action (paper) rather than who performs it. In a question, the auxiliary verb 'be' (is) is placed before the subject, followed by the past participle (made).
中文： 被動語態疑問句：被動語態用於將焦點放在動作或接受動作的客體（紙張）上，而非動作的執行者。在疑問句中，助動詞「be」（is）會置於主詞之前，後面接過去分詞（made）。
How is bread made?
麵包是如何製作的？
EN： Wh- Questions with 'How': 'How' is an interrogative adverb used to ask about the process, method, or manner in which something is done.
中文： 使用「How」的特殊疑問句：「How」是一個疑問副詞，用於詢問某事是如何被進行的過程、方法或方式。
How is this machine operated?
這台機器是如何操作的？
EN： In English-speaking classrooms and educational dialogues, addressing a student or peer by their first name (e.g., 'Emma') at the end of a question is a common way to personalize the interaction, show friendliness, and directly engage the listener.
中文： 在英語系的課堂和教學對話中，在問題末尾直接稱呼學生或同儕的名字（例如「艾瑪」）是一種很常見的方式。這能讓互動顯得更親切、友善，並能直接吸引聽者的注意力。
EN： The passive voice is used when the focus is on the action or the receiver of the action, rather than the doer. It is formed using 'be + past participle' (is made).
中文： 被動語態（Passive Voice）用於當焦點在於動作本身或動作的接受者，而非執行者時。其結構為「be 動詞 + 過去分詞」（is made）。
The house was built in 1990.
這棟房子建於1990年。
EN： The prepositional phrase 'made from' is used when the original raw material undergoes a chemical or physical transformation, changing its form so that it is no longer easily recognizable in the final product.
中文： 介系詞片語「made from」（由……製成）用於原料在製作過程中經歷了化學或物理變化，其原始形態在成品中已不易辨認的情況。
Cheese is made from milk.
起司是由牛奶製成的。
EN： The sentence uses the Past Simple Passive Voice in a question format ('Was' + subject + past participle 'built'). The passive voice is used when the focus is on the action or the receiver of the action (the bridge), rather than who performed the action.
中文： 此句子使用了過去簡單式的被動語態疑問句（Was + 主詞 + 過去分詞 built）。當我們想把焦點放在動作本身或接受動作的對象（橋），而非執行動作的人時，就會使用被動語態。
Was the letter written yesterday?
這封信是昨天寫的嗎？
EN： The phrase 'a long time ago' is a common temporal adverbial phrase used with the past simple tense to indicate that an event occurred in the distant past.
中文： 片語「a long time ago」（很久以前）是常見的時間副詞片語，常與過去簡單式連用，表示某個事件發生在遙遠的過去。
They moved to New York a long time ago.
他們很久以前就搬到紐約了。
EN： The passive voice in the past tense is formed using 'was/were' followed by the past participle of the main verb. It is used when the action itself or the receiver of the action is more important than the doer.
中文： 過去式被動語態的結構為「was/were + 過去分詞 (p.p.)」。當動作本身或動作的接受者比執行者更重要，或者執行者不明時，常使用此句型。
The house was built in 1990.
這棟房子建於 1990 年。
EN： The word 'ago' is a temporal adverb used after a measurement of time (e.g., fifty years) to show how far back in the past something happened from the present moment.
中文： 時間副詞「ago」（……以前）必須放在時間長度（例如：fifty years）的後面，用來表示從現在算起，該動作發生在多久以前的過去。
EN： Passive Voice in Yes/No Questions: To form a question in the passive voice, the auxiliary verb 'be' (am/is/are/was/were) is placed before the subject, followed by the past participle of the main verb.
中文： 被動語態的 Yes/No 疑問句：要形成被動語態的疑問句，需將助動詞「be 動詞」（am/is/are/was/were）置於主詞之前，後面接主要動詞的過去分詞（past participle）。
Is this book written by a famous author?
這本書是一位著名作家寫的嗎？
EN： Preposition 'from' with 'made': 'Made from' is used when the original raw material undergoes a chemical or physical transformation, changing its form completely so that it is no longer easily recognizable (e.g., cocoa beans into chocolate).
中文： 介系詞「from」與「made」的搭配：「made from」用於表示原料經歷了化學或物理變化，完全改變了其原始形態，使其不再容易被辨認（例如：可可豆製成巧克力）。
Paper is made from wood.
紙是由木頭製成的。
EN： The passive voice (be + past participle) is used when the focus is on the action or the receiver of the action, rather than the doer. Here, 'is made' indicates that the subject 'it' (chocolate) undergoes the process of creation.
中文： 被動語態（be 動詞 + 過去分詞）用於當焦點在於動作本身或動作的接受者，而非執行者時。在這裡，「is made」表示主詞「it」（巧克力）經歷了被製造的過程。
This book is written in simple English.
這本書是用簡單的英文寫成的。
EN： The prepositional phrase 'made from' is used when the original raw material undergoes a chemical or physical transformation, changing its form completely so that it is no longer easily recognizable in the final product.
中文： 介系詞片語「made from」用於原料經歷了化學或物理變化，完全改變了其原本的形態，使得在成品中不易直接辨認出原貌的情況。
Paper is made from wood.
紙是由木材製成的。
EN： Passive Voice in Past Simple Tense: The passive voice is used when the focus is on the action or the receiver of the action (these shirts), rather than the doer. It is formed with 'was/were' + past participle (sewn). The agent (local workers) is introduced with the preposition 'by'.
中文： 過去簡單式的被動語態：被動語態用於當焦點在於動作本身或動作的接受者（這些襯衫），而非執行者時。其結構為「was/were + 過去分詞 (sewn)」。執行動作的主體（當地的工人們）則由介系詞「by」引導。
The letters were written by the manager.
這些信件是由經理寫的。
EN： Irregular Past Participle 'sewn': The verb 'sew' is irregular. Its past tense is 'sewed', but its past participle is 'sewn' (or sometimes 'sewed'). In passive constructions, the past participle form is required.
中文： 不規則過去分詞「sewn」：動詞「sew」（縫製）是不規則動詞。其過去式為「sewed」，但過去分詞為「sewn」（有時亦可用 sewed）。在被動結構中，必須使用過去分詞形式。
This quilt was sewn by my grandmother.
這件被子是我祖母縫製的。
EN： The passive voice in the past tense is formed using 'was/were' followed by the past participle of the main verb. It is used when the action itself or the receiver of the action is more important than the doer, or when the doer is unknown.
中文： 過去式被動語態的結構為「was/were + 過去分詞（p.p.）」。當動作本身或動作的接受者比執行者更重要，或者執行者未知時，會使用此句型。
The library was built in 1990.
這間圖書館建於 1990 年。
EN： 'Last month' is a past time expression used as an adverbial modifier to specify when an action occurred. It does not require a preposition like 'in' or 'on' before it.
中文： 「last month」（上個月）是過去時間副詞片語，用作修飾語以明確指出動作發生的時間。其前面不需要加上 'in' 或 'on' 等介係詞。
EN： Present Simple Passive Voice: Used to describe actions where the focus is on the action itself or the receiver of the action, rather than the doer. It is formed using 'am/is/are' + past participle (V3).
中文： 現在簡單式的被動語態：用於強調動作本身或動作的接受者，而非執行者。其結構為「am/is/are + 過去分詞 (V3)」。
Many cars are made in this factory.
許多汽車是在這家工廠製造的。
EN： Prepositional Phrase of Place: 'in this city' acts as an adverbial phrase of place, indicating where the action of printing occurs. 'In' is used for large, enclosed areas like cities or countries.
中文： 地方介係詞片語：「in this city」作為地方副詞片語，指出印刷動作發生的地點。介係詞「in」用於城市或國家等較大且具範圍的空間。
EN： The passive voice is used to focus on the person or thing affected by an action, rather than the one performing it. It is formed using 'be' + past participle (V3). In this sentence, 'are created' is the present simple passive voice.
中文： 被動語態（Passive Voice）用於將焦點放在承受動作的人或事物上，而非執行動作的主體。其結構為「be 動詞 + 過去分詞 (V3)」。在本句中，「are created」為現在簡單式的被動語態。
Many beautiful songs are written by this musician.
許多優美的歌曲都是由這位音樂家所創作的。
EN： The preposition 'by' is used in passive sentences to introduce the agent—the person or thing that performs the action.
中文： 介系詞「by」在被動句中用於引介「施動者」（即執行該動作的人或事物）。
The cake was made by my sister.
這個蛋糕是我姐姐做的。
重要單字附有 IPA 發音、定義、例句和互動式測驗。
在本文中： 發明、創造（新事物或新方法）
在本文中： 工程師，設計、建造或維護機器、結構等專業人員
在本文中： 生產、製造（尤指在工廠中大量製造）
在本文中： 聰明的、巧妙的、有創意的
在本文中： 機器人，能自動執行複雜動作的機器
在本文中： 藥物、藥劑
在本文中： 塑造、決定…的發展
在本文中： 縫製、縫合（sew 的過去分詞）
片語包含類型標示、雙語定義、用法說明和例句。
Manufactured or produced using a particular raw material, where the original material undergoes a chemical or physical transformation.
由…製成（原料本質已改變）
One hundred years in the past.
一個世紀前、百年前
Far back in the past; many years prior.
很久以前