EN： The use of present participles (verb-ing) as adjectives. When describing the characteristic of a thing or situation that causes a certain feeling, we use the '-ing' form (e.g., thrilling, exciting, boring). In contrast, the '-ed' form (e.g., thrilled, excited, bored) is used to describe how a person feels.
中文： 現在分詞（動詞-ing）作形容詞的用法。當描述事物或情境本身所具有、能引發某種感受的「特徵」時，我們會使用「-ing」結尾的形容詞（例如：thrilling 令人刺激的、exciting 令人興奮的、boring 令人無聊的）。相對地，「-ed」結尾的形容詞（例如：thrilled 感到刺激的、excited 感到興奮的、bored 感到無聊的）則用來描述人的「主觀感受」。
The horror movie was so scary and terrifying.
那部恐怖片真是太可怕、太嚇人了。
EN： The intensifier 'so' is used before adjectives or adverbs to add emphasis, meaning 'to such a great extent' or 'very'. It is often used in exclamatory sentences to express strong emotions.
中文： 強化副詞「so」（如此、太）的用法。置於形容詞或副詞之前以示強調，表示程度極深，相當於「非常」。常用於感嘆句中以表達強烈的情感。
The magic show was so amazing!
那場魔術表演真是太神奇了！
EN： Theme parks and roller coasters are a major part of American youth and family culture, especially during summer vacations. Expressing high-energy enthusiasm with words like 'so thrilling' or 'awesome' is very common and expected in social conversations about these experiences.
中文： 主題樂園和雲霄飛車是美國青少年與家庭文化中非常重要的一部分，特別是在暑假期間。在社交對話中，使用「so thrilling」（太刺激了）或「awesome」（太棒了）等強烈情感的詞彙來表達對這些體驗的熱情是非常普遍且自然的。
EN： The use of past participles ending in '-ed' (like 'thrilled') as adjectives to describe a person's feelings or emotional state, as opposed to present participles ending in '-ing' (like 'thrilling') which describe the cause of the feeling.
中文： 使用以「-ed」結尾的過去分詞（如「thrilled」）作為形容詞，用來描述人的感受或情緒狀態；相較之下，以「-ing」結尾的現在分詞（如「thrilling」）則用來描述引起該感受的事物。
She was so excited when she won the game.
她贏得比賽時感到非常興奮。
EN： The noun phrase 'the whole ride' functions as an adverbial objective (or noun phrase adverbial) to express duration, meaning 'during the entire ride'.
中文： 名詞片語「the whole ride」在此作副詞副詞片語使用，用來表示時間的持續長度，意思是「在整個搭乘過程中」。
We talked the entire flight.
我們整個飛行過程中都在聊天。
EN： The distinction between '-ing' adjectives (describing the cause of a feeling, e.g., 'scary' / 'frightening') and '-ed' adjectives (describing the person experiencing the feeling, e.g., 'scared' / 'frightened').
中文： 「-ing」形容詞（如 scary / frightening）用來描述引起某種感受的事物，而「-ed」形容詞（如 scared / frightened）則用來描述體驗該感受的人。
The roller coaster was exciting, so the excited children kept screaming.
雲霄飛車很刺激，所以興奮的孩子們不停地尖叫。
EN： The coordinating conjunction 'so' is used to introduce a clause showing the result of the preceding statement.
中文： 對等連接詞「so」（所以）用於引導一個子句，以表示前述聲明的結果。
It started to rain, so we decided to stay indoors.
開始下雨了，所以我們決定待在室內。
EN： Present participles (-ing adjectives) are used to describe the characteristic of a thing or a person that causes a certain feeling. In this sentence, 'amazing' and 'surprising' describe the characteristics of 'the magic show'.
中文： 現在分詞（-ing 形容詞）用來描述事物或人所具有的特徵，即「令人產生某種感覺」的特質。在本句中，「amazing」（令人驚奇的）與「surprising」（令人驚喜的）用來修飾主詞「the magic show」（魔術表演）的特徵。
The movie was exciting, so we didn't feel bored.
那部電影很刺激，所以我們一點也不覺得無聊。
EN： The coordinating conjunction 'and' is used to connect two words, phrases, or clauses of equal grammatical rank. Here, it connects two subject complements (adjectives): 'amazing' and 'surprising'.
中文： 對等連接詞「and」（和、且）用於連接文法地位相同的兩個單字、片語或子句。在此處，它連接了兩個形容詞作為主詞補語：「amazing」與「surprising」。
The food at the restaurant was delicious and cheap.
那家餐廳的食物美味又便宜。
EN： The past participle used as an adjective (e.g., 'amazed') describes how a person feels, typically triggered by an external source. It is often followed by the preposition 'by' to indicate the cause of the emotion.
中文： 過去分詞當形容詞用（例如 'amazed'）用來描述人的感受，通常是由外在事物所引起。後面常接介系詞 'by' 來表示引起該情緒的原因。
She was bored by the long lecture.
她對那場冗長的演講感到無聊。
EN： The present participle used as an adjective (e.g., 'disappearing') describes a characteristic of a noun or an ongoing action. In this case, 'disappearing' describes the active state of the rabbit.
中文： 現在分詞當形容詞用（例如 'disappearing'）用來描述名詞的特徵或正在進行的動作。在此處，'disappearing' 描述了兔子正在消失的動態特徵。
The rising sun is beautiful.
正在升起的太陽非常美麗。
EN： Imperative sentences are used to give orders, instructions, or suggestions. They start with the base form of the verb (bare infinitive) and the subject 'you' is omitted because it is implied.
中文： 祈使句用於給予命令、指示或建議。句子以動詞原形（不帶 to 的不定詞）開頭，且省略了主詞「you」（你/你們），因為主詞已是不言而喻。
Listen to the music carefully.
仔細聆聽這音樂。
EN： Present participles (verb-ing) can function as adjectives to describe a noun. When used as an adjective, the present participle describes a noun that is actively performing the action (e.g., 'spinning teacups' means the teacups are spinning).
中文： 現在分詞（動詞-ing）可以作為形容詞來修飾名詞。當作為形容詞使用時，現在分詞描述的是正在主動進行該動作的名詞（例如：「spinning teacups」表示咖啡杯正在旋轉）。
Do you see the crying baby?
你看到那個正在哭泣的嬰兒了嗎？
EN： The 'spinning teacups' (often just called 'the Teacups' or 'Mad Tea Party' in Disney parks) is a classic amusement park ride where riders sit in giant teacups that spin on a rotating platform. It is a staple of traditional theme parks worldwide.
中文： 「旋轉咖啡杯」（在迪士尼樂園中常被稱為「瘋狂茶會」）是遊樂園的經典遊樂設施，遊客坐在巨大的咖啡杯中，杯子會在旋轉的平台上自轉與公轉。這是全球傳統主題樂園中不可或缺的代表性設施。
EN： Present Participle as an Adjective: The present participle (-ing form of a verb) can be used as an adjective before a noun to describe a characteristic or an ongoing action of that noun. In this sentence, 'screaming' describes the active state of the 'kids'.
中文： 現在分詞作形容詞：動詞的現在分詞（-ing 形式）可以放在名詞前面當作形容詞使用，用來描述該名詞的特徵或正在進行的動作。在本句中，「screaming」（尖叫的）描述了「kids」（孩子們）當下的主動狀態。
The crying baby finally fell asleep.
那個哭泣的嬰兒終於睡著了。
EN： Present Continuous Tense: Formed with 'be' verb + present participle (verb-ing), it is used here to express an action happening at the moment of speaking. 'Are having' indicates that the action of 'having fun' is currently in progress.
中文： 現在進行式：由「be 動詞 + 現在分詞（動詞-ing）」構成，在此處用於表示說話當下正在發生的動作。「Are having」表示「玩得開心」這一活動此時此刻正在進行中。
They are playing basketball in the park.
他們正在公園裡打籃球。
EN： The verb 'see' is a sensory verb (verb of perception). It can be followed by an object and a present participle (V-ing) to describe an ongoing action that the speaker witnessed.
中文： 感官動詞（如 see, hear, watch）後面可以接受詞和現在分詞（V-ing），用來描述說話者目睹該受詞正在進行的動作。
I saw a dog running in the park.
我看到一隻狗在公園裡奔跑。
EN： The past participle 'frightened' is used as an adjective here to describe the state of the cat (feeling fear), whereas present participles (V-ing) describe things that cause the feeling.
中文： 過去分詞（V-ed）在此處作形容詞使用，用來修飾名詞（cat），表示該名詞「感到...的」狀態（感到害怕的）；而現在分詞（V-ing）則用來形容「令人...的」事物。
The frightened child cried for his mother.
那個受驚的孩子哭著找媽媽。
EN： Present and past participles can function as adjectives. Participles ending in '-ing' (like 'shocking') describe the characteristic of a thing or person that causes a feeling, whereas participles ending in '-ed' (like 'shocked') describe how a person feels.
中文： 現在分詞與過去分詞可作為形容詞使用。以「-ing」結尾的分詞（如「shocking」）用來描述令人產生某種感受的事物特徵；而以「-ed」結尾的分詞（如「shocked」）則用來描述人內心的感受。
The news was shocking, so we were shocked.
這則新聞令人震驚，所以我們感到很震驚。
EN： The coordinating conjunction 'and' is used to connect words, phrases, or clauses of equal grammatical rank. Here, it connects two predicate adjectives ('shocking' and 'bright') that describe the subject 'The fireworks'.
中文： 對等連接詞「and」用於連接文法地位相同的單字、片語或子句。在此處，它連接了兩個形容詞作表語（「shocking」與「bright」），共同修飾主詞「The fireworks」。
The room was warm and cozy.
房間既溫暖又舒適。
EN： The contrast between '-ed' adjectives (describing a person's feelings or emotional state) and '-ing' adjectives (describing the characteristic of a thing or situation that causes the feeling). 'Bored' describes how the speaker feels, while 'boring' describes the quality of the game.
中文： 「-ed」形容詞與「-ing」形容詞的對比。以「-ed」結尾的形容詞用來描述人的感受或情緒狀態（如 bored 感到無聊的）；以「-ing」結尾的形容詞則用來描述事物或情境本身具有的特質，即造成該感受的原因（如 boring 令人無聊的）。
She was excited because the movie was exciting.
她感到很興奮，因為那部電影很刺激。
EN： The linking verb 'look' is used to describe appearance. It is followed directly by an adjective (e.g., 'looks boring') to express how something appears to the observer.
中文： 連繫動詞「look」（看起來）的用法。後面直接接形容詞（例如 looks boring），用來表達某事物在觀察者眼中所呈現的外觀或狀態。
The cake looks delicious.
這蛋糕看起來很好吃。
EN： Present participles (V-ing) can be used as adjectives to describe the characteristic of a noun. In this sentence, 'dancing' describes the active, moving state of the 'lights', and 'fascinating' describes the effect that the lights have on people.
中文： 現在分詞（V-ing）可以當作形容詞使用，用來描述名詞的特徵。在本句中，「dancing」（舞動的）描述了「lights」（燈光）動態、移動的狀態，而「fascinating」（迷人的）則描述了這些燈光帶給人的感受與效果。
The spinning teacups made me feel dizzy.
旋轉的咖啡杯讓我感到頭暈。
EN： The adverb 'truly' is used as an intensifier before an adjective ('fascinating') to emphasize the degree of the quality, meaning 'really' or 'absolutely'.
中文： 副詞「truly」用作修飾形容詞（fascinating）的加強語氣詞，用以強調程度，意為「真正地」或「確實地」。
The fireworks at night were truly amazing.
夜晚的煙火確實太令人驚嘆了。
EN： Exclamatory sentences with 'What' are used to express strong emotions such as surprise, excitement, or admiration. The structure is 'What + a/an + adjective + singular countable noun (+ subject + verb)!'. In this sentence, the subject and verb ('it was') are omitted, which is common in casual spoken English.
中文： 以「What」開頭的感嘆句用於表達強烈的強烈情感，如驚訝、興奮或讚賞。其結構為「What + a/an + 形容詞 + 單數可數名詞 (+ 主詞 + 動詞)!」。在本句中，主詞與動詞（it was）被省略了，這在日常口語中非常常見。
What a beautiful day!
多麼美好的一天啊！
EN： The prepositional phrase 'at the park' functions as an adverbial modifier of place, specifying where the 'exciting day' is being experienced. 'At' is used to refer to a general location or point in space.
中文： 介係詞片語「at the park」作為地方副詞修飾語，明確指出「令人興奮的一天」是在哪裡度過的。介係詞「at」用於指代空間中的某個一般地點或位置。
We had a great time at the concert.
我們在音樂會上度過了美好的時光。
EN： The past simple tense is used to describe completed actions in the past. Regular verbs form the past tense by adding '-ed' (e.g., 'visited').
中文： 過去簡單式（Past Simple Tense）用於描述在過去已經完成的動作。規則動詞的過去式是在動詞字尾加上「-ed」（例如：「visited」）。
Yesterday, we watched a wonderful movie.
昨天我們看了一部很棒的電影。
EN： Present participles (verb-ing) can be used as adjectives to describe the characteristic of a thing or situation that causes a certain feeling (e.g., 'exciting' means something that causes excitement).
中文： 現在分詞（動詞-ing）可以作為形容詞使用，用來描述事物或情境本身具有的特性，即「令人感到……的」（例如：「exciting」表示令人興奮的）。
The roller coaster ride was very exciting.
雲霄飛車的搭乘體驗非常令人興奮。
EN： The superlative adjective 'the most thrilling' is used to compare three or more things, indicating the one that possesses the highest degree of a quality. For longer adjectives (usually two or more syllables), we form the superlative by adding 'the most' before the adjective.
中文： 最高級形容詞「the most thrilling」（最刺激的）用於比較三個或更多的事物，表示在某種特質上達到最高程度者。對於較長的形容詞（通常為兩個或更多音節），我們會在形容詞前加上「the most」來形成最高級。
This is the most interesting book in the library.
這是圖書館裡最有趣的一本書。
EN： The prepositional phrase 'of all' is commonly used after a superlative adjective to define the group being compared, meaning 'out of all the options available'.
中文： 介系詞片語「of all」（在所有之中）常用於最高級形容詞之後，用來界定被比較的範圍，意思是「在所有可用的選項當中」。
Of all the sports, I like basketball best.
在所有的運動中，我最喜歡籃球。
EN： The use of past participles ending in '-ed' (e.g., 'terrified', 'excited') to describe human emotions or feelings. These function as subject complements after linking verbs like 'feel' or 'be'.
中文： 使用以「-ed」結尾的過去分詞（例如「terrified」、「excited」）來描述人的情緒或感受。這些分詞在連繫動詞（如 feel 或 be）之後充當主詞補語。
She felt exhausted after the long flight.
在長途飛行後，她感到筋疲力盡。
EN： The coordinating conjunction 'but' is used to connect two independent clauses, showing contrast between the two feelings of fear and excitement.
中文： 對等連接詞「but」用於連接兩個獨立子句，用以呈現害怕與興奮這兩種感受之間的對比。
The test was difficult, but he managed to pass it.
這場考試很難，但他還是設法通過了。
EN： The present participle (V-ing) can be used as an adjective to describe the characteristic of a noun (something that causes a feeling). In this sentence, 'surprising' describes the 'magic show' because the show causes people to feel surprised.
中文： 現在分詞（V-ing）可以作為形容詞使用，用來描述事物的特徵（引起某種感覺的事物）。在本句中，「surprising」（令人驚喜的）用來修飾「magic show」（魔術表演），因為這場表演帶給人們驚喜的感受。
The thrilling roller coaster made everyone scream.
那部令人興奮刺激的雲霄飛車讓每個人都尖叫了。
EN： Prepositional phrases of time, such as 'in the afternoon', are used to specify when an action takes place. They are typically placed at the end of a sentence in English.
中文： 時間介系詞片語（如「in the afternoon」，在下午）用於明確指出動作發生的時間。在英文中，這類片語通常置於句尾。
We usually have tea in the afternoon.
我們通常在下午喝茶。
EN： The causative verb 'make' is used to indicate that someone or something causes a change in state or action. When followed by an object and an adjective (make + object + adjective), it means to cause the object to be in the state described by the adjective.
中文： 使役動詞「make」用於表示某人或某事引起狀態或行為的改變。當後面接「受詞 + 形容詞」（make + object + adjective）時，表示使該受詞處於該形容詞所描述的狀態。
The sad movie made everyone emotional.
那部悲傷的電影讓每個人都很感傷。
EN： Present participles (verb-ing) can function as adjectives to describe the characteristic of a noun. In this sentence, 'spinning' describes the active characteristic of the 'rides' (rides that spin).
中文： 現在分詞（動詞-ing）可以作為形容詞使用，用來描述名詞的特徵。在本句中，「spinning」（旋轉的）描述了「rides」（遊樂設施）的主動特徵（正在旋轉的設施）。
Be careful of the spinning blades.
小心旋轉中的葉片。
EN： The verb 'see' is a sensory verb (verb of perception). When followed by an object and a present participle (V-ing), it describes witnessing an action in progress or an ongoing state.
中文： 感官動詞（如 see, hear, watch）後面接賓語（受詞）和現在分詞（V-ing）時，用來表示親眼目睹某個動作正在進行或處於某種狀態中。
I saw the children playing in the park.
我看到孩子們在公園裡玩耍。
EN： The word 'frightened' is a past participle (V-ed) used as an adjective. Past participles are used to describe how someone feels (passive feeling), meaning 'feeling fear' or 'scared'.
中文： 「frightened」是過去分詞（V-ed）轉化為形容詞的用法。過去分詞通常用來形容人的感受（被動的情緒），意思是「感到害怕的」或「受驚嚇的」。
The frightened dog hid under the table.
那隻受驚嚇的狗躲在桌子底下。
EN： The use of '-ing' participles as adjectives (e.g., 'amazing') to describe the characteristic of a thing or event that causes a certain feeling. This contrasts with '-ed' participles (e.g., 'amazed') which describe how a person feels.
中文： 使用現在分詞（-ing，如 'amazing'）作為形容詞，用來描述引起某種感受的事物或事件之特徵。這與過去分詞（-ed，如 'amazed'）不同，後者用於描述人的感受。
The roller coaster ride was exciting, so the excited children kept screaming.
雲霄飛車非常刺激，所以興奮的孩子們不停地尖叫。
EN： Using the intensifying adverb 'absolutely' before an extreme adjective like 'amazing'. Extreme adjectives (like amazing, terrifying, wonderful) already mean 'very...', so we use 'absolutely' instead of 'very' to add emphasis.
中文： 在極限形容詞（如 'amazing'）前使用程度副詞 'absolutely'（絕對地/非常）進行修飾。極限形容詞（如 amazing、terrifying、wonderful）本身已含有「非常……」的意思，因此我們使用 'absolutely' 而非 'very' 來加強語氣。
The view from the top of the mountain was absolutely wonderful.
從山頂看下去的景色絕對是美極了。
EN： In many English-speaking countries, fireworks are the grand finale of theme park visits (like Disneyland) or national holidays (like the 4th of July in the US). Describing them as 'absolutely amazing' is a very common, enthusiastic way to express awe and satisfaction with the display.
中文： 在許多英語系國家，煙火表演是主題樂園（如迪士尼樂園）或國家節日（如美國國慶日）的壓軸重頭戲。用 'absolutely amazing'（絕對是太美妙了）來形容煙火，是一種非常常見且熱情的方式，用來表達對表演的讚嘆與滿足感。
EN： The 'so... that...' structure is a result clause used to express cause and effect. 'So' is followed by an adjective or adverb to show the degree, and 'that' introduces the clause showing the result.
中文： 「so... that...」（如此……以至於……）是一個表示因果關係的結果副詞子句結構。「so」後面接形容詞或副詞以表示程度，「that」引導的子句則用來表示產生的結果。
The movie was so boring that I fell asleep.
那部電影是如此無聊，以至於我睡著了。
EN： The verb 'forget' can be followed by an infinitive (to + verb) to mean that someone did not do something they were supposed to do. This is different from 'forget + -ing', which means forgetting a past action.
中文： 動詞「forget」（忘記）後面接不定詞（to + 動詞原形）時，表示忘記去做某件該做的事。這與「forget + 動名詞（-ing）」不同，後者表示忘記曾做過某事。
Don't forget to lock the door when you leave.
離開時別忘了鎖門。
EN： The Superlative Adjective ('the most exciting') is used to compare three or more things, indicating the extreme degree of a quality. For longer adjectives, we place 'the most' before the adjective.
中文： 最高級形容詞（the most exciting）用於比較三個或以上的事物，表示某種特質達到最高程度。對於音節較長的形容詞，我們會在形容詞前面加上「the most」。
This is the most beautiful painting in the gallery.
這是畫廊裡最美麗的一幅畫。
EN： Relative Clause with Omitted Relative Pronoun: The clause 'I had this year' is a relative clause modifying 'day'. The relative pronoun 'that' or 'which' is omitted because it functions as the direct object of the verb 'had'.
中文： 關係子句中關係代名詞的省略：子句「I had this year」是用來修飾「day」的關係子句。因為關係代名詞在子句中擔任動詞「had」的直接受格，所以「that」或「which」可以被省略。
The movie I watched yesterday was very interesting.
我昨天看的那部電影非常有趣。
EN： Present and past participles can be used as adjectives. Participles ending in '-ing' (e.g., 'exciting') describe the characteristic of a thing or person that causes a feeling. Participles ending in '-ed' (e.g., 'excited') describe how a person feels.
中文： 現在分詞與過去分詞可作為形容詞使用。以「-ing」結尾的分詞（例如「exciting」）用來描述引起某種感受的事物或人的特徵；而以「-ed」結尾的分詞（例如「excited」）則用來描述人的主觀感受。
The movie was boring, so the bored audience started to leave.
那部電影很無聊，所以感到無聊的觀眾開始離席。
EN： To form a yes/no question in the simple past tense with the verb 'to be' (was/were), place the verb 'was' or 'were' before the subject.
中文： 在簡單過去式中，使用 be 動詞（was/were）形成一般疑問句（是非題）時，需將 be 動詞「was」或「were」置於主詞之前。
Was the concert loud yesterday?
昨天的音樂會聲音很大嗎？
EN： In English-speaking cultures, it is very common to add the listener's name (like 'Emma') at the end of a question to make the conversation feel more personal, friendly, and direct.
中文： 在英語系國家中，在問句句尾加上聽者的名字（如「艾瑪」）是非常普遍的社交習慣，這能讓對話顯得更親切、友善且具針對性。
EN： Using past participles (ending in -ed) as adjectives to describe human feelings or emotions. 'Excited' and 'scared' describe how the subject 'I' felt, as opposed to present participles (ending in -ing) which describe the thing causing the feeling.
中文： 使用過去分詞（以 -ed 結尾）作為形容詞來描述人的感受或情緒。這裡的 'excited'（興奮的）和 'scared'（害怕的）描述了主詞 'I'（我）的感受，而現在分詞（以 -ing 結尾）則用來描述引起該感受的事物。
She was tired after the long walk, but the scenery was amazing.
長途跋涉後她感到很累，但風景非常迷人。
EN： The modifier 'a little' is used before adjectives to mean 'to a small degree' or 'slightly', softening the impact of the adjective that follows.
中文： 修飾語 'a little'（有一點）用於形容詞之前，表示「稍微」或「程度較輕」，用以緩和後面形容詞的語氣。
I was a little worried about the test results.
我對跑出來的考試結果有一點擔心。
EN： Present participles (ending in -ing) are used as adjectives to describe the characteristic of a thing or person that causes a feeling. In this sentence, 'boring' describes the quality of 'that show'.
中文： 現在分詞（以 -ing 結尾）可用作形容詞，用來描述引起某種感受的人或事物的特徵。在本句中，'boring'（令人無聊的）用來形容 'that show'（那場表演）的特質。
The long lecture was boring.
那場冗長的演講很無聊。
EN： The prepositional phrase 'to me' is used to express a personal opinion or subjective feeling, equivalent to 'in my opinion' or 'from my perspective'.
中文： 介系詞片語 'to me' 用於表達個人的觀點或主觀感受，相當於「對我而言」或「在我看來」。
This math problem seems difficult to me.
這道數學題對我來說似乎很難。
EN： The structure 'not... at all' is used to emphasize a negative statement, meaning 'not in any way' or 'not even a little bit'.
中文： 「not... at all」結構用於加強否定語氣，表示「一點也不...」或「完全不...」。
She was not tired at all after the long walk.
長途步行後，她一點也不覺得累。
EN： The past participle 'bored' is used as an adjective to describe a person's feeling or emotional state (how someone feels), as opposed to 'boring' which describes the thing causing the feeling.
中文： 過去分詞「bored」在此作形容詞使用，用來描述人的感受或情緒狀態（感到無聊的），而「boring」則用來形容令人感到無聊的事物。
The students felt bored during the long lecture.
學生們在漫長的演講中感到很無聊。
EN： Present participles (V-ing) can be used as adjectives to describe a noun that is actively performing the action. In this sentence, 'screaming' describes the 'crowd' that is actively making the screaming sound.
中文： 現在分詞（V-ing）可以當作形容詞使用，用來修飾正在主動進行該動作的名詞。在本句中，「screaming」（尖叫的）修飾正在主動發出尖叫聲的「crowd」（人群）。
The crying baby finally fell asleep.
那個哭泣的嬰兒終於睡著了。
EN： Linking verbs (such as 'sound', 'look', 'feel') connect the subject to a subject complement (usually an adjective) that describes the subject. 'Sounded' is followed by the past participle adjective 'thrilled' to describe the state of the crowd.
中文： 連綴動詞（如 sound、look、feel）將主詞與用來描述主詞的「主詞補語」（通常為形容詞）連接起來。在本句中，連綴動詞「sounded」後面接過去分詞形容詞「thrilled」，用以形容人群當時興奮的狀態。
The music sounded beautiful to everyone.
這音樂在每個人聽來都很優美。
EN： The past participle 'amazed' is used as an adjective to describe a person's feeling or emotional state. In English, '-ed' adjectives (like bored, excited, amazed) describe how someone feels, while '-ing' adjectives (like boring, exciting, amazing) describe the thing or person that causes the feeling.
中文： 過去分詞「amazed」（感到驚奇的）在此用作形容詞，用來描述人的感受或情緒狀態。在英文中，以「-ed」結尾的形容詞（如 bored、excited、amazed）用來形容人的「主觀感受」；而以「-ing」結尾的形容詞（如 boring、exciting、amazing）則用來形容帶來該感受的「事物或人」。
She was excited about the upcoming trip.
她對即將到來的旅行感到興奮。
EN： The present participle 'jumping' is used as an attributive adjective modifying the noun 'dolphins'. It describes an ongoing action or a characteristic of the noun it precedes.
中文： 現在分詞「jumping」（跳躍的）在此作定語形容詞，修飾後面的名詞「dolphins」（海豚）。它用來描述該名詞正在進行的動作或其特徵。
The barking dog kept the neighbors awake.
那隻一直叫的狗讓鄰居們無法入睡。
EN： Imperative sentences are used to give commands, instructions, or make requests. They begin with the base form of the verb (bare infinitive) and the subject 'you' is implied but omitted.
中文： 祈使句用於給予命令、指示或提出請求。它們以動詞原形（不帶 to 的不定詞）開頭，主詞「you（你/你們）」被省略但已被默認。
Listen to the music playing in the background.
聽著背景播放的音樂。
EN： Present participles (verb-ing) can function as adjectives to describe a noun, indicating that the noun is performing the action or is in that state (e.g., 'shining lights' means lights that are shining).
中文： 現在分詞（動詞-ing）可以作為形容詞來修飾名詞，表示該名詞正在進行該動作或處於該狀態（例如：「shining lights」意為正在閃閃發光的燈光）。
The falling leaves covered the garden path.
飄落的樹葉鋪滿了花園小徑。
EN： In the context of amusement parks, 'the wheel' commonly refers to the Ferris wheel. Ferris wheels are iconic symbols of carnivals and theme parks, often associated with romantic or nostalgic atmospheres, especially when illuminated at night.
中文： 在遊樂園的語境中，「the wheel」通常指摩天輪（Ferris wheel）。摩天輪是嘉年華和主題樂園的標誌性象徵，常與浪漫或懷舊的氛圍聯繫在一起，尤其是在夜晚亮燈的時候。
EN： The past participle '-ed' used as an adjective (e.g., 'surprised') describes how someone feels, indicating a passive feeling caused by an external event. This contrasts with present participles ('-ing') which describe the characteristic of a thing or person causing the feeling.
中文： 過去分詞（-ed）作為形容詞使用（例如「surprised」），用來描述某人的主觀感受，表示因外在事物而產生的被動情緒。這與現在分詞（-ing）用來描述事物或人本身所具有的特徵（令人感到...）形成對比。
The excited crowd cheered for the team.
興奮的群眾為隊伍歡呼。
EN： The phrase 'cannot stop doing something' (or 'could not stop' in the past tense) is used to express that someone is unable to prevent themselves from performing a certain action, followed by a gerund (V-ing).
中文： 片語「cannot stop doing something」（過去式為 could not stop）用來表達某人無法克制自己不去做某個動作，後面必須接動名詞（V-ing）。
She could not stop crying after hearing the sad news.
聽到那個悲傷的消息後，她忍不住哭了起來。
EN： The contrast between '-ed' and '-ing' adjectives: Adjectives ending in '-ed' (e.g., 'tired') describe a person's feelings or emotional state. Adjectives ending in '-ing' (e.g., 'tiring') describe the characteristic of a thing, person, or situation that causes that feeling.
中文： 「-ed」與「-ing」形容詞的對比：以「-ed」結尾的形容詞（例如 tired）用來描述人的感受或情感狀態；以「-ing」結尾的形容詞（例如 tiring）則用來描述引起該感受的事物、人或情境的特徵。
The students were bored because the lecture was boring.
學生們覺得很無聊，因為那場演講很枯燥乏味。
EN： The coordinating conjunction 'but' is used to connect two independent clauses that present contrasting ideas. A comma is typically placed before 'but' when it joins two complete sentences.
中文： 等立連接詞「but」（但是）用於連接兩個表示對比概念的獨立子句。當它連接兩個完整的句子時，通常會在「but」之前加上逗號。
She wanted to go to the beach, but it started to rain.
她想去海灘，但是開始下雨了。
EN： Exclamatory sentences with 'What' are used to express strong emotions such as surprise, excitement, or admiration. The structure is: 'What + a/an + (adjective) + singular countable noun (+ subject + verb)!'. In this sentence, the subject and verb ('it was') are omitted at the end for brevity.
中文： 以 'What' 開頭的感嘆句用於表達強烈的強烈情感，如驚訝、興奮或讚賞。其結構為：「What + a/an + (形容詞) + 單數可數名詞 (+ 主詞 + 動詞)！」。在本句中，句尾的主詞與動詞（it was）被省略以求簡潔。
What a beautiful voice she has!
她的聲音多麼美妙啊！
EN： Coordinate adjectives are two or more adjectives that modify the same noun. When they are of equal importance, they can be joined by 'and' to describe different qualities of the noun (here, 'thrilling' and 'unforgettable' both modify 'day').
中文： 對等形容詞是指兩個或多個修飾同一個名詞的形容詞。當它們具有同等重要性時，可以用 'and' 連接，用來描述該名詞的不同特質（在此處，'thrilling' 和 'unforgettable' 皆修飾 'day'）。
It was a long and tiring journey.
那是一段漫長且令人疲憊的旅程。
重要單字附有 IPA 發音、定義、例句和互動式測驗。
在本文中： 令人興奮的、刺激的
在本文中： 感到驚奇的、大為驚嘆的
在本文中： 受驚嚇的、害怕的
在本文中： 極有吸引力的、迷人的
在本文中： 極度恐懼的、嚇壞了的
在本文中： 頭暈目眩的
在本文中： 難忘的、無法忘懷的
片語包含類型標示、雙語定義、用法說明和例句。
An amusement park ride consisting of a light railway track with many tight turns and steep slopes.
雲霄飛車
A performance of magic tricks for entertainment.
魔術表演
A large group of people making loud, high-pitched noises, usually out of excitement or fear.
尖叫的人群