EN： The Past Perfect tense ('had' + past participle) is used to show that an action was completed before another action in the past. In this sentence, 'had hidden' happened before 'arrived'.
中文： 過去完成式（had + 過去分詞）用於表示在過去某個動作或時間點之前就已經完成的動作。在此句子中，「藏好東西（had hidden）」發生在「里奧到達（arrived）」之前。
By the time the movie started, we had bought our popcorn.
在電影開始之前，我們就已經買好爆米花了。
EN： 'By the time' is a subordinating conjunction used to introduce a time clause, meaning 'no later than the moment that'. It is commonly paired with the past perfect in the main clause to show a sequence of events.
中文： 「By the time」是一個從屬連接詞，用來引導時間副詞子句，意思是「最遲在…之時」或「到…的時候」。主句通常會搭配過去完成式，以強調兩個過去事件的先後順序。
By the time she called me, I had already gone to bed.
到她打給我的時候，我早就已經上床睡覺了。
EN： In Western culture, surprise parties are a popular way to celebrate milestones or birthdays. Guests typically arrive early, hide in a dark room, and shout 'Surprise!' when the guest of honor arrives. The use of the past perfect tense here highlights the careful coordination required to pull off such an event before the person walks through the door.
中文： 在西方文化中，驚喜派對（surprise party）是慶祝生日或重要紀念日的常見方式。賓客通常會提前到達並躲在暗處，等主角進門時一起大喊「Surprise!」。這裡使用過去完成式，強調了在主角進門前，大家為了保持驚喜而進行的周密準備與協調。
EN： The Past Perfect tense ('had' + past participle) is used to describe an action that was completed before another action or a specific time in the past.
中文： 過去完成式（had + 過去分詞）用於描述在過去某個動作或特定時間點之前就已經完成的動作。
She had finished her homework before her mother came home.
在她母親回家之前，她就已經寫完功課了。
EN： The preposition 'before' is used to indicate that an event happened prior to a specific point in time (in this case, 'noon').
中文： 介係詞「before」用於表示某個事件發生在特定時間點（在此句中為「noon」中午）之前。
We arrived at the station before nine o'clock.
我們在九點之前就到達了車站。
EN： In Western culture, baking a cake from scratch for a friend's birthday is a common and highly appreciated gesture of affection and effort, often associated with surprise parties.
中文： 在西方文化中，親手為朋友的生日烤蛋糕是一種非常常見且備受感激的表達關懷與心意的方式，通常與驚喜派對緊密相連。
EN： The Past Perfect tense ('had' + past participle) is used to show that an action was completed before a specific point in time in the past.
中文： 過去完成式（had + 過去分詞）用於表示在過去某個特定時間點或動作之前，就已經完成的動作。
They had finished the report by yesterday afternoon.
他們在昨天下午之前就已經完成了報告。
EN： The phrasal verb 'blow up' means to inflate something with air or gas. In the past perfect tense, 'blown' is the past participle form of 'blow'.
中文： 片語動詞 'blow up' 意為充氣或吹脹。在過去完成式中，'blown' 是動詞 'blow' 的過去分詞形式。
We need to blow up these balloons for the party.
我們需要為派對吹這些氣球。
EN： In Western birthday party preparations, blowing up balloons, hanging decorations, and baking cakes are classic DIY activities involving friends and family to create a warm, personal surprise.
中文： 在西方生日派對的準備過程中，吹氣球、掛裝飾和烤蛋糕是經典的 DIY 活動，通常由親友共同參與，以營造溫馨且充滿個人心意的驚喜氛圍。
EN： The Past Perfect Tense (had + past participle) is used to describe an action that was completed before another action or a specific time in the past. In this question form, the auxiliary verb 'Had' is placed at the beginning of the sentence.
中文： 過去完成式（had + 過去分詞）用於描述在過去某個動作或特定時間點之前就已經完成的動作。在此疑問句型中，助動詞「Had」被置於句首。
Had you finished your homework before the teacher arrived?
在老師到達之前，你已經寫完功課了嗎？
EN： The preposition 'before' is used to indicate that an event happened prior to a specific event or point in time (in this case, 'the party').
中文： 介係詞「before」（在……之前）用於表示某個事件發生在另一個特定事件或時間點（在此句中為「派對」）之前。
We arrived at the cinema before the movie started.
我們在電影開始前到達了電影院。
EN： In Western culture, writing personalized greeting cards (such as birthday cards or thank-you notes) is a highly valued tradition. It is common to prepare these cards before a party or social gathering to hand them directly to the host or celebrated person.
中文： 在西方文化中，親手撰寫個人化的賀卡（如生日卡或感謝卡）是一項非常受到重視的傳統。人們通常會在派對或社交聚會開始前準備好這些卡片，以便直接親手遞交給主辦人或壽星。
EN： The Past Perfect tense ('had hidden') is used to describe an action that was completed before another action in the past ('came in'). It emphasizes the sequence of events.
中文： 過去完成式（had + 過去分詞，如 'had hidden'）用於描述在過去某個動作（如 'came in'）發生之前就已經完成的動作，強調事件發生的先後順序。
When the movie started, we had already bought our popcorn.
當電影開始時，我們已經買好爆米花了。
EN： The subordinating conjunction 'when' introduces an adverbial clause of time ('When I came in') to establish the timeframe for the main event.
中文： 從屬連接詞 'when' 引導時間副詞子句（'When I came in'），用來確立主要事件發生的時間點。
EN： In Western culture, surprise parties are a very common and beloved way to celebrate birthdays. Guests typically arrive early, hide in a dark room (often behind furniture like a sofa), and jump out shouting 'Surprise!' when the guest of honor walks in.
中文： 在西方文化中，舉辦「驚喜派對」（surprise party）是慶祝生日非常流行且受歡迎的方式。賓客通常會提早到達並躲在暗處（例如沙發後面），等壽星進門時再一起跳出來大喊「Surprise!」（驚喜！）
EN： The Past Perfect tense ('had' + past participle) is used to show that an action was completed before another action or point in time in the past. In this sentence, 'had planned' happened before she 'was happy'.
中文： 過去完成式（had + 過去分詞）用於表示在過去某個時間點或動作之前已經完成的動作。在本句中，「規劃（had planned）」發生在「她很高興（was happy）」之前。
They were hungry because they had not eaten lunch.
他們那時肚子很餓，因為他們還沒有吃午餐。
EN： The subordinating conjunction 'because' is used to introduce a clause that states the reason for something. It connects the main clause (the result) with the subordinate clause (the cause).
中文： 從屬連接詞「because（因為）」用於引導表示原因的從屬子句。它將主句（結果）與從屬子句（原因）連接起來。
I stayed home because it was raining.
我待在家裡，因為那時正在下雨。
EN： The Past Perfect tense ('had' + past participle) is used to show that an action was completed before another action in the past. Here, 'had cleaned' happened before 'guests came'.
中文： 過去完成式（had + 過去分詞）用於表示在過去某個動作或時間點之前就已經完成的動作。在此句中，「打掃房間（had cleaned）」發生在「客人到來（came）」之前。
They had finished the project before the deadline passed.
在截止日期過去之前，他們就已經完成了該專案。
EN： The conjunction 'before' introduces an adverbial clause of time. In this clause, the Simple Past tense ('came') is used to establish the later reference point in the past.
中文： 連接詞「before」引導時間副詞子句。在此子句中，使用簡單過去式（came）來建立過去較晚發生的時間對照點。
I turned off the computer before I left the office.
我離開辦公室之前關掉了電腦。
EN： In Western culture, hosting a surprise party requires careful coordination. Preparing the venue (cleaning, decorating) before guests arrive is a common courtesy to ensure a welcoming environment and keep the surprise hidden until the last moment.
中文： 在西方文化中，舉辦驚喜派對需要周密的協調。在客人抵達之前準備好場地（打掃、佈置）是一種常見的禮貌，以確保溫馨的氛圍，並在最後一刻前保持驚喜的神秘感。
EN： The Past Perfect tense ('had' + past participle) is used to show that an action was completed before another action in the past. In this sentence, 'had decorated' happened first, followed by 'turned off' in the simple past.
中文： 過去完成式（had + 過去分詞）用於表示在過去某個動作或時間點之前已經完成的動作。在本句中，「佈置（had decorated）」先發生，隨後才是簡單過去式的「關燈（turned off）」。
After she had finished her homework, she went to bed.
在她寫完功課之後，她就去睡覺了。
EN： The phrasal verb 'turn off' means to stop the flow of electricity, gas, or water. When the object is a noun (like 'the lights'), it can place either after 'off' or between 'turn' and 'off' (e.g., 'turned the lights off').
中文： 片語動詞「turn off」表示關閉電力、瓦斯或水源。當受詞是名詞（如「the lights」）時，可以放在「off」後面，也可以放在「turn」與「off」之間（例如「turned the lights off」）。
Please turn off the television before you leave.
請在離開前把電視關掉。
EN： The Past Perfect tense (had + past participle) is used to show that an action happened before another action in the past. In this sentence, 'had forgotten' happened before the past action 'realized'.
中文： 過去完成式（had + 過去分詞）用於表示某個動作在過去的另一個動作之前已經發生。在本句中，「忘記（had forgotten）」發生在過去的動作「意識到（realized）」之前。
She realized she had left her keys in the car.
她意識到她把鑰匙忘在車裡了。
EN： The conjunction 'that' is often omitted in informal English when introducing a noun clause acting as the direct object of verbs like 'realize', 'think', or 'say'.
中文： 在非正式英語中，當引導名詞子句作為「realize（意識到）」、「think（認為）」或「say（說）」等動詞的直接受詞時，連接詞「that」通常會被省略。
I think we need to buy more balloons.
我想我們需要買更多氣球。
EN： In Western birthday traditions, blowing out candles on a birthday cake while making a wish is a central ritual. Forgetting the candles is a common, relatable party mishap that adds mild dramatic tension to the story.
中文： 在西方生日傳統中，在生日蛋糕上吹熄蠟燭並許願是核心儀式。忘記帶蠟燭是一個常見且能引起共鳴的派對小失誤，這為故事增添了一點戲劇性的緊張感。
EN： The Past Perfect tense ('had' + past participle) is used to show that an action was completed before another action in the past. In this sentence, 'had practiced' happened before the past action 'joined'.
中文： 過去完成式（had + 過去分詞）用於表示在過去某個動作或時間點之前，就已經完成的動作。在本句中，「had practiced」（已經練習）發生在過去的另一個動作「joined」（加入）之前。
She had finished her homework before her mother came home.
在她媽媽回到家之前，她就已經寫完功課了。
EN： The conjunction 'before' is used to connect two clauses, indicating the chronological order of events. The clause following 'before' usually uses the Simple Past tense to mark the later event.
中文： 連接詞「before」（在……之前）用於連接兩個從句，以表示事件發生的先後順序。緊接在「before」後面的從句通常使用一般過去式，用來標示較晚發生的事件。
We had left the office before it started to rain.
在開始下雨之前，我們就已經離開辦公室了。
EN： The Past Perfect tense ('had' + past participle) is used to describe an action that was completed before a specific point in the past. In this sentence, 'had never seen' indicates that up until the moment of the surprise party in the past, the speaker had no prior experience of seeing Leo so surprised.
中文： 過去完成式（had + 過去分詞）用於描述在過去某個特定時間點之前已經完成的動作或狀態。在本句中，「had never seen」表示直到過去舉辦驚喜派對的那一刻之前，說話者從未有過看見里奧如此驚訝的經驗。
I had never tasted such a delicious cake before that day.
在那天之前，我從未嚐過如此美味的蛋糕。
EN： The verb 'see' is a sensory verb that can take an object followed by an adjective (Object Complement) to describe the state of the object. Here, 'Leo' is the object, and 'so surprised' is the adjective phrase acting as the object complement, describing Leo's state.
中文： 感官動詞「see」（看見）後面可以接賓語（受詞）與形容詞（賓語補語），用來描述該賓語的狀態。在此句中，「Leo」是賓語，「so surprised」是形容詞短語作為賓語補語，用以形容里奧當時的狀態。
We found the door locked when we arrived.
我們到達時發現門是被鎖上的。
EN： The past perfect tense (had + past participle) is used here to describe an action that was completed before a specific point in the past. In this sentence, 'had ever thrown' refers to all the parties organized up to the moment of the party being described.
中文： 過去完成式（had + 過去分詞）在此處用於描述在過去某個特定時間點之前已經完成的動作。在本句中，「had ever thrown」指的是在所描述的這場派對之前，他們所舉辦過的所有派對。
It was the most beautiful song I had ever heard.
那是我聽過最美的一首歌。
EN： The relative pronoun 'that' or 'which' is omitted in the adjective clause 'we had ever thrown' because it functions as the direct object of the verb 'thrown'. This omission is very common in informal and spoken English.
中文： 在關係子句「we had ever thrown」中，關係代名詞「that」或「which」被省略了，因為它在子句中擔任動詞「thrown」的直接受詞。這種省略在口語和非正式英語中非常常見。
This is the book I bought yesterday.
這是我昨天買的那本書。
EN： In English, the idiom 'to throw a party' is a very common and informal way to say 'to organize or host a party'. Using 'make a party' is a common mistake for non-native speakers.
中文： 在英文中，片語「to throw a party」是表達「舉辦派對」非常道地且常用的非正式說法。非母語人士常會誤用「make a party」，應特別注意避免。
EN： The phrase 'throw a party' is a common English idiom meaning to host or organize a party. It is more informal and natural in spoken English than 'host a party' or 'organize a party'.
中文： 片語「throw a party」是英文中常見的慣用語，意思是舉辦或組織一場派對。在英語口語中，它比「host a party」或「organize a party」更非正式且更自然。
We are planning to throw a party for Sarah's graduation next month.
我們計劃下個月為莎拉的畢業典禮舉辦一場派對。
EN： The Simple Past Tense ('threw') is used to describe an action that was completed at a specific time in the past, which is indicated here by the time marker 'Last week'.
中文： 簡單過去式（在此處為「threw」）用於描述在過去特定時間完成的動作，在此處由時間標記「Last week」（上週）指出。
Last year they traveled to Japan for their honeymoon.
去年他們去日本度了蜜月。
EN： In Western culture, 'surprise parties' are a very popular way to celebrate milestones or birthdays. Co-workers, friends, or family members secretly plan the event, and the guest of honor is kept completely in the dark until they arrive at the venue and everyone yells 'Surprise!'
中文： 在西方文化中，「驚喜派對」（surprise parties）是慶祝里程碑或生日非常流行的方式。同事、朋友或家人會秘密策劃活動，而主角在到達現場、大家大喊「Surprise!」（驚喜！）之前，對此完全不知情。
EN： The Past Perfect tense ('had' + past participle) is used to describe an action that was completed before another action or a specific time in the past.
中文： 過去完成式（had + 過去分詞）用於描述在過去某個動作或特定時間點之前就已經完成的動作。
They had already left when we arrived at the station.
當我們到達車站時，他們已經離開了。
EN： The phrase 'before the big day' uses 'before' as a preposition followed by a noun phrase to indicate a time prior to a major, highly anticipated event (often a wedding, a big party, or an exam).
中文： 介係詞「before」後面接名詞片語「the big day」（大日子/重要日子），用來表示在某個備受期待的重要事件（如婚禮、大型派對或考試）之前的時間點。
She felt very nervous the night before the big day.
在大日子的前一天晚上，她感到非常緊張。
EN： The idiom 'the big day' is a common informal English expression used to refer to a very important, scheduled event in someone's life, most commonly a wedding day, but it can also refer to a major party, graduation, or the launch of a significant project.
中文： 英文成語「the big day」是一個非常常見的非正式表達，用來指代某人生命中非常重要且已排定的日子。最常見的是指「婚禮當天」，但也可以用來指重大的派對、畢業典禮或重要項目的發表日。
EN： The Past Perfect tense ('had' + past participle) is used to show that an action was completed before another action in the past. Here, 'had hidden' happened before the past action 'arrived'.
中文： 過去完成式（had + 過去分詞）用於表示在過去某個動作或時間點之前就已經完成的動作。在此句中，「藏禮物 (had hidden)」發生在另一個過去動作「抵達 (arrived)」之前。
By the time the movie started, we had already bought our popcorn.
在電影開始之前，我們就已經買好爆米花了。
EN： 'By the time' is a subordinating conjunction used to introduce a time clause, meaning 'no later than the moment that'. It is commonly paired with the past perfect in the main clause.
中文： 「By the time」是一個從屬連接詞，用來引導時間副詞子句，意思是「到了…的時候」或「在…之前」。主句通常會搭配過去完成式來強調動作的先後順序。
By the time she called me, I had fallen asleep.
在她打給我之前，我早就睡著了。
EN： The Past Perfect tense ('had' + past participle) is used to describe an action that was completed before another action or a specific time in the past.
中文： 過去完成式（had + 過去分詞）用於描述在過去某個動作或特定時間點之前就已經完成的動作。
She had already left when I arrived at the station.
當我到達車站時，她已經離開了。
EN： The temporal phrase 'the night before' is commonly used with the past perfect tense to refer to the night preceding a specific past event, rather than 'last night' which is used relative to the present.
中文： 時間副詞片語「the night before」（前一天晚上）常用於過去完成式，指代過去某個特定事件的前一晚，而非相對於現在的「last night」（昨天晚上）。
He realized he had lost the keys he bought the night before.
他意識到他弄丟了前一天晚上買的鑰匙。
EN： In Western party planning, baking a cake from scratch the night before is a common tradition, showing care and preparation for the guest of honor. Using 'the night before' instead of 'yesterday' is essential when narrating a story set entirely in the past.
中文： 在西方派對文化中，在前一天晚上親手製作蛋糕是一項常見的傳統，展現對壽星的用心與準備。在敘述一個完全發生在過去的故事時，使用「the night before」而非「yesterday」是符合英文敘事習慣的表達方式。
EN： The Past Perfect tense (had + past participle) is used to describe an action that was completed before another action or a specific time in the past. In this sentence, 'had blown up' and '[had] hung' indicate actions completed before the party started.
中文： 過去完成式（had + 過去分詞）用於描述在過去某個動作或特定時間點之前就已經完成的動作。在本句中，「had blown up」（已經吹好）和「[had] hung」（已經掛上）表示在派對開始前就已完成的動作。
By the time the guests arrived, we had already cleaned the house.
在客人到達之前，我們就已經把房子打掃乾淨了。
EN： Parallel structure with coordinate conjunctions. When connecting two past perfect verbs with 'and', the auxiliary verb 'had' can be omitted in the second clause to avoid repetition (had blown up... and [had] hung...).
中文： 對等連接詞的平行結構。當使用「and」連接兩個過去完成式的動詞時，第二個子句中的助動詞「had」可以省略以避免重複（had blown up... and [had] hung...）。
She had finished her homework and watched a movie before dinner.
她在晚餐前就已經寫完功課並看了一部電影。
EN： In Western culture, surprise parties are a popular way to celebrate milestones or birthdays. Preparing the venue with balloons and 'bright lights' (often fairy lights or string lights) is a classic way to create a festive and warm atmosphere before the guest of honor arrives.
中文： 在西方文化中，驚喜派對（surprise party）是慶祝重要日子或生日的流行方式。在主角到達之前，用氣球和「明亮的燈飾」（通常指裝飾燈串或彩燈）來佈置場地，是營造節日和溫馨氣氛的經典做法。
EN： The Past Perfect Tense ('had' + past participle) is used to describe an action that was completed before another action or a specific time in the past.
中文： 過去完成式（had + 過去分詞）用於描述在過去某個動作或特定時間點之前，就已經完成的動作。
They had already left when we arrived at the station.
當我們到達車站時，他們已經離開了。
EN： The adverbial phrase 'many times before' is used to indicate frequency and prior experience relative to a past reference point.
中文： 副詞片語「many times before」（在這之前很多次）用於表示相對於過去某個時間點的頻率與先前的經驗。
I had visited that museum many times before it closed.
在那家博物館關閉之前，我已經去過很多次了。
EN： In Western culture, surprise birthday parties require meticulous planning and secrecy. Practicing songs or hiding gifts beforehand is a common collective effort among friends to show deep affection and create a memorable experience for the birthday person.
中文： 在西方文化中，驚喜生日派對需要極其周密的計畫與保密。事先練習歌曲或隱藏禮物是朋友們常見的集體合作方式，旨在表達深厚的友情並為壽星創造難忘的回憶。
EN： The Past Perfect tense ('had' + past participle) is used to show that an action was completed before another action in the past. In this sentence, 'had already turned off' happened before 'opened'.
中文： 過去完成式（had + 過去分詞）用於表示在過去某個動作或時間點之前就已經完成的動作。在本句中，「已經關燈（had already turned off）」發生在「開門（opened）」之前。
When the movie started, we had already bought our popcorn.
當電影開始時，我們已經買好了爆米花。
EN： Adverbial clauses of time introduced by 'when' establish the temporal relationship between two past events. The event in the 'when' clause is in the simple past, while the main clause uses the past perfect to emphasize completion.
中文： 由「when」引導的時間副詞子句用來建立兩個過去事件的時間關係。在「when」子句中的事件使用簡單過去式，而主要子句則使用過去完成式以強調其先行完成性。
When Sarah arrived at the station, the train had left.
當莎拉到達車站時，火車已經開走了。
EN： In Western culture, surprise parties are a popular way to celebrate milestones or birthdays. Guests typically arrive early, hide in a darkened room, and yell 'Surprise!' when the host turns on the lights or when the guest of honor walks in. Turning off the lights is a crucial step to make the room appear empty.
中文： 在西方文化中，驚喜派對（surprise party）是慶祝生日或重要里程碑的流行方式。賓客通常會提早到達，躲在黑暗的房間裡，並在主角進門或開燈時大喊「Surprise!」（驚喜！）。關掉電燈是讓房間看起來空無一人的關鍵步驟。
EN： The phrase 'have no idea' is a common idiomatic expression meaning 'to not know at all'. It is often followed by a noun clause introduced by 'that' or a wh-question word (e.g., 'what', 'where', 'who') to specify what the person does not know.
中文： 片語「have no idea」是一個常見的慣用語，意思是「完全不知道」。後面通常會接由「that」引導的名詞子句，或是疑問詞（如 what、where、who）引導的子句，用來具體說明不知道的事情。
I had no idea that you were waiting for me.
我完全不知道你那時在等我。
EN： The Past Perfect tense ('had' + past participle) is used to describe an action that was completed before another action or a specific time in the past. In this sentence, 'had prepared' happened before the state of him having 'no idea' (which is in the simple past).
中文： 過去完成式（had + 過去分詞）用於描述在過去某個動作或特定時間點之前就已經完成的動作。在本句中，「had prepared」（已經準備）發生在「had no idea」（不知道，為過去簡單式）之前。
By the time the movie started, we had already bought our popcorn.
在電影開始之前，我們就已經買好爆米花了。
EN： The past perfect tense ('had + past participle') is used here within a relative clause to describe an action that was completed before a specific point in the past (the party itself). When paired with a superlative adjective like 'the happiest', it emphasizes life experience up to that past moment.
中文： 過去完成式（had + 過去分詞）在此處用於關係子句中，表示在過去某個特定時間點（即派對舉辦時）之前已經完成的動作或經驗。當與最高級形容詞（如 the happiest）連用時，用以強調截至該過去時間點為止的生命經驗。
It was the most beautiful place I had ever visited.
那是我去過最美麗的地方。
EN： The relative pronoun 'that' or 'which' is omitted in this sentence because it functions as the direct object of the verb 'made' in the defining relative clause 'we had ever made together'.
中文： 在本句中，關係代名詞（that 或 which）被省略了，因為它在限定關係子句「we had ever made together」中擔任動詞「made」的直接受格。
This is the book (that) I bought yesterday.
這是我昨天買的那本書。
EN： In English, 'to make a party' or 'to throw a party' are common collocations, with 'throw' being more informal and frequent. Using 'make' here emphasizes the collective effort of planning and creating the event together.
中文： 在英文中，「舉辦派對」常用 throw a party 或 hold a party。此處使用 make a party 帶有「共同創造、打造」這場派對的意味，強調大家齊心協力準備的過程。
EN： Past Perfect Tense (Had + Past Participle) is used to describe an action that was completed before another action or a specific time in the past. In questions, the auxiliary verb 'had' is placed before the subject.
中文： 過去完成式（Had + 過去分詞）用於描述在過去某個動作或特定時間點之前就已經完成的動作。在疑問句中，助動詞「had」要置於主詞之前。
Had you finished the report before the meeting started?
會議開始前你已經寫完報告了嗎？
EN： The preposition 'before' is used to indicate that an event happened prior to a specific time, event, or action (in this case, 'lunch').
中文： 介係詞「before」用於表示某個事件發生在特定時間、事件或動作（在此句中為「午餐」）之前。
We arrived at the theater before seven o'clock.
我們在七點前就到達了劇院。
EN： The Past Perfect tense ('had' + past participle) is used to describe an action that was completed before a specific point in time or another action in the past.
中文： 過去完成式（had + 過去分詞）用於描述在過去某個特定時間點或另一個過去動作之前就已經完成的動作。
By the time the guests arrived, I had cleaned the living room.
在客人到達之前，我已經打掃好了客廳。
EN： The preposition 'before' is used to indicate that an event happened prior to a specific time (in this case, 'noon').
中文： 介係詞「before」（在……之前）用於表示某個事件發生在特定時間點（在此處為「noon」中午）之前。
Please submit the report before Friday.
請在星期五之前提交報告。
EN： The Past Perfect tense ('had' + past participle) is used to show that an action was completed before another action in the past. In this sentence, 'had cleaned' happened before the guests 'came'.
中文： 過去完成式（had + 過去分詞）用於表示在過去某個時間點或動作之前，已經完成的動作。在此句中，「打掃房間」（had cleaned）發生在「客人來」（came）之前。
They had finished the project before the deadline passed.
在截止日期過去之前，他們就已經完成了這項專案。
EN： The conjunction 'before' is used to connect two clauses, indicating the chronological order of events. The clause following 'before' usually uses the Simple Past tense when referring to past events.
中文： 連接詞「before」（在……之前）用於連接兩個從句，以指示事件的時間順序。在描述過去的事件時，「before」引導的從句通常使用一般過去式。
She turned off the computer before she left the office.
她在離開辦公室之前關掉了電腦。
EN： The Past Perfect Tense (had + past participle) is used to describe an action that was completed before another action in the past. In questions, the auxiliary verb 'had' is placed before the subject.
中文： 過去完成式（had + 過去分詞）用於描述在過去某個動作或時間點之前就已經完成的動作。在疑問句中，助動詞「had」要置於主詞之前。
Had you finished the report before the meeting started?
在會議開始之前，你已經完成報告了嗎？
EN： The conjunction 'before' introduces an adverbial clause of time. When referring to past events, the verb in the 'before' clause is typically in the Simple Past Tense to show it happened after the Past Perfect action.
中文： 連接詞「before」（在……之前）引導時間副詞子句。當描述過去的事件時，「before」子句中的動詞通常使用簡單過去式，以表示該動作發生在過去完成式動作之後。
They had left the office before it began to rain.
在開始下雨之前，他們就已經離開辦公室了。
EN： The Past Perfect tense ('had' + past participle) is used to describe an action that was completed before a specific point in the past. In this sentence, 'had never imagined' indicates that the speaker's lack of imagination occurred prior to the moment of receiving the surprise.
中文： 過去完成式（had + 過去分詞）用於描述在過去某個特定時間點之前已經完成的動作或狀態。在本句中，「had never imagined」（從未想像過）表示說話者在收到驚喜之前的過去時間裡，一直沒有料想到這件事。
I had never seen such a beautiful sunset before I visited Greece.
在我去希臘旅遊之前，我從未見過如此美麗的日落。
EN： The determiner 'such' is used before a noun phrase (here, 'a surprise') to add emphasis, meaning 'of this kind' or 'so great'.
中文： 限定詞「such」用於名詞片語（此處為「a surprise」）之前以示強調，表示「如此的」或「這樣的」。
It was such a lovely day that we decided to have a picnic.
那是個如此美好的日子，以致於我們決定去野餐。
EN： In Western culture, surprise parties are a very common and cherished way to celebrate milestones or birthdays. The expression of overwhelming surprise and gratitude, as shown in Leo's reaction, is a typical and polite response to such friendly gestures.
中文： 在西方文化中，舉辦驚喜派對（surprise party）是一種非常普遍且受歡迎的慶祝生日或里程碑的方式。里奧所表現出極度驚訝與感激的反應，是對朋友們善意舉動的典型且禮貌的回應。
EN： The Past Perfect tense ('had' + past participle) is used to show that an action was completed before another action in the past. The later action is expressed in the Simple Past tense.
中文： 過去完成式（had + 過去分詞）用於表示在過去某個動作或時間點之前，已經完成的動作。而較晚發生的動作則使用簡單過去式表示。
By the time the train arrived, we had bought our tickets.
在火車到達之前，我們就已經買好車票了。
EN： 'By the time' is a subordinating conjunction used to introduce a time clause, meaning 'no later than the moment that'. It often triggers the use of the perfect aspect in the main clause.
中文： 「By the time」是一個從屬連接詞，用來引導時間副詞子句，意思是「不遲於…的時候」或「在…之前」。它通常會觸發主要子句中使用完成式。
EN： The Past Perfect Tense ('had' + past participle) is used to show that an action was completed before another action in the past. In this sentence, 'had left' happened before the action of realizing ('realized').
中文： 過去完成式（had + 過去分詞）用於表示在過去某個動作或時間點之前已經完成的動作。在本句中，「把禮物忘在家裡」（had left）發生在「意識到」（realized）這個過去動作之前。
She realized she had lost her keys.
她意識到她把鑰匙弄丟了。
EN： The conjunction 'that' is often omitted in informal English when introducing a noun clause functioning as the direct object of verbs like 'realize', 'think', or 'know'. Here, 'I had left...' is a noun clause acting as the object of 'realized'.
中文： 在非正式英語中，引導名詞子句作為「realize（意識到）」、「think（認為）」或「know（知道）」等動詞的直接受詞時，連接詞「that」經常會被省略。在此處，「I had left...」是作為「realized」受詞的名詞子句。
I think we have met before.
我想我們以前見過面。
EN： The Past Perfect tense ('had' + past participle) is used to describe an action that was completed before another action or a specific time in the past. In this sentence, 'had bought' happened before the speaker realized they forgot the gifts.
中文： 過去完成式（had + 過去分詞）用於描述在過去某個動作或特定時間點之前就已經完成的動作。在本句中，「had bought」（已經買了）發生在說話者意識到自己忘記帶禮物之前。
By the time the movie started, we had already bought our popcorn.
在電影開始之前，我們就已經買好爆米花了。
EN： The pronoun 'one' is used as a substitute to avoid repeating a singular countable noun that has already been mentioned or is clear from the context (in this case, 'a gift').
中文： 代名詞「one」用來替代前面已提過或從上下文中顯而易見的單數可數名詞，以避免重複（在此處指「禮物」）。
I lost my pen, so I need to buy a new one.
我的筆掉了，所以我需要買一枝新的。
EN： The Past Perfect tense ('had' + past participle) is used to show that an action was completed before another action in the past. In this sentence, 'had sung' happened before 'shared'.
中文： 過去完成式（had + 過去分詞）用於表示在過去某個動作或時間點之前已經完成的動作。在本句中，「唱歌（had sung）」發生在「分享（shared）」之前。
After she had finished her homework, she watched TV.
在她寫完功課之後，她看了電視。
EN： The subordinating conjunction 'after' is used to introduce a dependent clause that indicates the sequence of events, showing that the action in the 'after' clause occurred first.
中文： 從屬連接詞「after（在……之後）」用於引導從屬子句，用以表示事件的先後順序，說明「after」子句中的動作是先發生的。
After we had eaten dinner, we went for a walk.
在我們吃完晚餐之後，我們去散步了。
EN： In Western birthday celebrations, singing the 'Happy Birthday' song is a key ritual that always precedes the blowing out of candles and the cutting/sharing of the cake. This sentence reflects that specific chronological sequence of party traditions.
中文： 在西方生日慶祝活動中，唱「生日快樂歌」是一個關鍵儀式，通常在吹熄蠟燭和切分蛋糕之前進行。這句話反映了派對傳統中特定的時間先後順序。
EN： The use of 'what' as a nominal relative pronoun (also called a fused relative pronoun). It functions as 'the thing(s) that' and introduces a noun clause that acts as the direct object of the verb 'forget'.
中文： 「what」作為關係代名詞的用法（又稱融合關係代名詞），相當於「the thing(s) that」（所……的事物），引導一個名詞子句，在此句中作為動詞「forget」的直接受詞。
I don't understand what you are trying to say.
我不懂你想要表達的意思。
EN： The Past Perfect tense ('had done') is used here to emphasize that the action of 'doing' occurred and was completed prior to a specific point in the past or before the speaker's current state of gratitude.
中文： 過去完成式（had + 過去分詞）在此處用於強調「付出、幫忙」的動作，是在過去某個特定時間點或說話者產生感激之情之前，就已經發生並完成的事實。
She appreciated what they had prepared for her.
她很感激他們為她所準備的一切。
EN： In English-speaking cultures, expressing deep, sincere gratitude is highly valued, especially after a major effort or surprise organized by friends. Using the past perfect ('had done') emphasizes the lasting impact of their past actions on the speaker's present feelings.
中文： 在英語系國家中，真誠地表達深切謝意是非常重要的社交禮儀，特別是在朋友為自己精心準備了驚喜或付出巨大努力之後。使用過去完成式（had done）能更深刻地強調對方過去的付出對說話者現在及未來所產生的深遠影響。
重要單字附有 IPA 發音、定義、例句和互動式測驗。
在本文中： 到達、抵達某處
在本文中： 躲藏、隱藏（hide 的過去分詞）
在本文中： 計劃、策劃
在本文中： 裝飾、佈置
在本文中： 意識到、明白
在本文中： 練習、演練
在本文中： 感到驚訝的、出人意料的
在本文中： 準備、籌備
在本文中： 猜測、料想到
在本文中： 想像、設想
在本文中： 備用的、多餘的
片語包含類型標示、雙語定義、用法說明和例句。
Used to specify a limit of time by which something has happened or will happen.
到…的時候
To inflate something, such as a balloon, with air or gas.
充氣、充大（如氣球）
To stop the operation or flow of something (like a light or machine) by pressing a button or moving a switch.
關掉（電源、燈火、電器等）
To host or organize a social gathering or celebration.
舉辦派對
To not know something at all; to be completely unaware of something.
完全不知道、毫無頭緒