EN： The idiom 'far from + adjective/noun' means 'not at all' or 'nowhere near'. In 'far from over', 'over' acts as a predicate adjective meaning 'finished' or 'ended'. Thus, the phrase emphasizes that something is definitely not finished.
中文： 片語「far from + 形容詞/名詞」表示「一點也不……」或「遠遠不是……」。在此處，「over」作為形容詞表示「結束」，因此「far from over」用來強烈強調某件事「遠遠尚未結束」。
The investigation is far from over, and new evidence is still emerging.
這項調查遠遠尚未結束，新的證據仍持續浮現。
EN： The present perfect tense ('has announced') connects a past action to the present moment, typically used in news reporting to introduce recent news that has current relevance. It is followed here by a 'that'-noun clause acting as the direct object of the announcement.
中文： 現在完成式（has announced）將過去發生的動作與現在連結，常見於新聞報導開頭，用來傳遞對目前具影響力的最新消息。後方連接的「that 子句」則作為受詞，說明宣布的具體內容。
The company has announced that all employees will receive a bonus this winter.
該公司已宣布所有員工今年冬天都將獲得獎金。
EN： In British politics, a 'secretary' (specifically 'Secretary of State') refers to a senior cabinet minister in charge of a government department, equivalent to a 'Minister' in many countries. The word 'drive' here is commonly used in UK policy contexts to denote an organized, concerted campaign or initiative.
中文： 在英國政制中，「secretary」（特別是內閣首長「Secretary of State」）指的是部長級首長，中文常譯為「大臣」或「部長」。另外，「drive」在此非指駕駛，而是英美政策語境中常用的詞彙，表示「有組織、大規模推進的專案或運動」。
EN： A gerund phrase (verb + -ing) can act as the grammatical subject of a clause. Here, 'banning children under sixteen from social media platforms' acts as the singular subject of the subordinate clause introduced by 'that', taking the singular verb 'is'.
中文： 動名詞片語（動詞 + -ing）可作為子句的主詞。在此句中，「banning children under sixteen from social media platforms」作為由「that」引導的名詞子句的主詞，視為單數，因此搭配單數動詞「is」。
Limiting screen time for teenagers is essential for their mental health.
限制青少年的螢幕使用時間對他們的身心健康至關重要。
EN： The verb 'ban' commonly follows the pattern 'ban someone from doing something / something', meaning to officially prohibit someone from participating in or using something.
中文： 動詞「ban」常用的句型結構為「ban someone from (doing) something」，表示「禁止某人做某事或使用某物」。
The school banned students from bringing mobile phones into the classroom.
學校禁止學生帶手機進教室。
EN： The idiom 'staging post' originated from stagecoach travel in Britain, referring to a regular stopping place for changing horses or resting. In British political and news contexts, it metaphorically means an intermediate milestone or temporary phase toward a bigger objective, rather than the final destination.
中文： 「staging post」源於英國過去驛馬車時期的「驛站」，供車輛換馬或旅客歇腳。在英國政治與新聞語境中，此詞常被用作隱喻，指達成更遠大目標過程中的「過渡階段」或「中間里程碑」，而非最終的終點。
EN： The reporting/linking verb 'means' is followed here by a nominal that-clause with 'that' omitted: 'This means [that] the government plans...'. This pattern is commonly used to explain the consequence or significance of a preceding statement.
中文： 動詞「means」（意味著）後面省略了連接詞「that」，引導一個名詞子句作為受詞：「This means [that] the government plans...」。此結構常用於解釋前文所述內容的影響或隱含意義。
This decision shows the company wants to expand globally.
這個決定表明該公司希望向全球擴張。
EN： The verb 'protect' typically pairs with the preposition 'from' in the pattern 'protect [someone/something] from [something]', meaning to keep someone or something safe from harm or danger.
中文： 動詞「protect」（保護）通常與介系詞「from」搭配，構成「protect [某人/某物] from [某事/危險]」的句型，意思是保護某人或某物免受傷害或威脅。
Sunscreen helps protect your skin from harmful UV rays.
防曬乳有助於保護你的皮膚免受有害紫外線的傷害。
EN： In recent years, 'online harm' has become a specific legal and political term in British governance, closely tied to the UK's Online Safety Act, which places legal duties on tech firms to shield minors from cyberbullying, predatory algorithms, and harmful content.
中文： 近年來，「online harm」（網路傷害）已成為英國政府與法律體系中的專有名詞，與英國的《線上安全法案》（Online Safety Act）密切相關，旨在賦予科技平台法律責任，以保護未成年人免受網路霸凌、演算推薦陷阱及有害內容的侵害。
EN： The noun 'ban' is followed by the preposition 'on' to indicate what is prohibited: 'ban on + noun/gerund'. Here, 'teenagers under sixteen' acts as the logical subject of the gerund 'accessing' (ban on [someone] doing [something]).
中文： 名詞「ban」（禁令）後面常搭配介系詞「on」來表示被禁止的對象或事項，結構為「ban on + 名詞/動名詞」。在此句中，「teenagers under sixteen」作為動名詞「accessing」的邏輯主詞，形成「ban on [某人] doing [某事]」的結構。
The school introduced a ban on students using smartphones during class.
學校發布了一項禁止學生在課堂中使用智慧型手機的禁令。
EN： The prepositional phrase 'under sixteen' functions as a post-modifier (adjective phrase) modifying the noun 'teenagers', meaning 'who are younger than sixteen years old'.
中文： 介系詞片語「under sixteen」在此作為後位修飾語（形容詞片語），用來修飾名詞「teenagers」，意思是「未滿十六歲的」。
Children under twelve must be accompanied by an adult.
十二歲以下的兒童必須由成人陪同。
EN： Governments across Europe and the UK are increasingly passing legislation (such as the Online Safety Act) to protect minors from digital harms, including cyberbullying, algorithmic addiction, and mature content. Placing age restrictions on social media has become a prominent political debate internationally.
中文： 英國與歐洲各國政府近年來積極推動相關立法（例如英國的《線上安全法》），旨在保護未成年人免受網路霸凌、演算法成癮及不良內容的侵害。限制未成年人使用社群媒體已成為當前國際間備受矚目的政策議題。
EN： The phrase 'be subjected to' is a passive construction followed by a preposition ('to'). It means to be forced to undergo or experience something unpleasant, official, or demanding. In this sentence, it combines with the modal auxiliary 'will' to form the future passive: 'will be subjected to'.
中文： 片語「be subjected to」是一個被動結構，後接介系詞「to」，意思是「遭受、承受、受到（嚴格對待、限制或審查）」。在此句中，它與情態助動詞「will」結合，形成未來被動式「will be subjected to」。注意此處的「to」是介系詞，後面接名詞或動名詞。
All international travelers will be subjected to random security checks.
所有國際旅客都將接受隨機的安全檢查。
EN： The adverb 'also' is used to add new information. When placed in a verb phrase containing auxiliary verbs (like 'will' and 'be'), it typically sits right after the first auxiliary verb: 'will also be...'.
中文： 副詞「also」（也）用於補充新資訊。當句子中有多個助動詞（如 'will' 和 'be'）時，'also' 通常放在第一個助動詞之後，形成「will also be...」的語序。
Small businesses will also receive government subsidies.
小型企業也將獲得政府補助。
EN： In news coverage of UK tech regulation, 'safer platforms' contrasts with 'high-risk apps' (like major algorithmic social media). This indicates that policy interventions will not only target obvious social networks but also broaden to messaging apps, forums, or educational tools previously thought to be low risk.
中文： 在英國科技法規的新聞脈絡中，「較安全的平台（safer platforms）」是相對於「高風險應用程式（high-risk apps）」而言。這代表政府的監管範圍正在擴大，不僅針對大型演算法社群平台，甚至連以往被認為風險較低的通訊軟體或論壇，也可能納入規範以全面保護未成年人。
EN： Non-defining relative clause: The relative pronoun 'which' preceded by a comma adds extra explanatory information about the preceding noun phrase ('infinite scrolling and algorithmic content'). Unlike defining clauses, non-defining clauses use commas and cannot use 'that'.
中文： 非限定關係子句：在逗號後使用關係代名詞 'which'，用來對前面的名詞片語（'infinite scrolling and algorithmic content'，即無限滾動與演算法內容）補充說明額外資訊。非限定子句不可使用 'that' 替換，且前後須用逗號隔開。
The app introduced daily time limits, which helps teenagers manage their screen time better.
該應用程式推出了每日時間限制，這有助於青少年更好地管理他們的螢幕使用時間。
EN： Collocation 'limits on [noun]': The noun 'limit' is frequently followed by the preposition 'on' to indicate what is being restricted or controlled.
中文： 名詞搭配介系詞 'limits on'：名詞 'limit'（限制）常搭配介系詞 'on'，用以表示「對……的限制」或所管制的對象。
The city imposed strict limits on carbon emissions from factories.
該市對工廠的碳排放實施了嚴格的限制。
EN： In recent years, tech regulators in the UK and EU have targeted 'infinite scrolling' (a design feature pioneered by social media to keep users engaged endlessly without page breaks) and 'algorithmic feeds' (content sorted by engagement prediction rather than chronologically). Regulators argue these addictive mechanics disproportionately expose younger audiences to harmful or radicalizing content.
中文： 近年來，英國與歐盟的科技監管機構將焦點鎖定在「無限滾動」（infinite scrolling，一種讓使用者無需翻頁即可無止境瀏覽的社群功能）與「演算法推薦動態」（algorithmic feeds，依互動預測而非時間順序推送內容）。監管機構認為此類成癮性設計容易使用戶（尤其是青少年）過度暴露於有害或極端內容中。
EN： The idiom 'come into effect' means to become valid or officially operational, especially for laws, rules, or policies. It is often paired with future tense ('will come into effect') and time prepositions like 'in' or 'on'.
中文： 成語片語「come into effect」意思是「生效」或「開始實施」，常專門用於法律、法規、政策或合約。在此句中搭配未來式助動詞「will」，並常接介系詞「in + 月份/年份」或「on + 具體日期」。
The new environmental regulations will come into effect next month.
新的環境法規將於下個月生效。
EN： The prepositional phrase 'as part of' indicates that the subject or action is an element, stage, or component of a larger project, initiative, or plan.
中文： 介系詞片語「as part of」意為「作為……的一部分」，用來表明某個行動、措施或要素隸屬於一項更大規模的計畫、倡議或體系之中。
She received specialized training as part of the company's onboarding program.
作為公司入職培訓計畫的一部分，她接受了專業訓練。
EN： In the UK, the implementation of stricter online safety controls, such as the Online Safety Act, places statutory obligations on tech platforms to verify user ages to protect minors from harmful material. Phrases like 'come into effect' and 'government initiative' are standard journalistic terminology when reporting on Westminster policy rollouts.
中文： 在英國，隨著《線上安全法案》（Online Safety Act）等法規的逐步推進，政府與監管機構要求科技平台必須落實嚴格的年齡認證機制，以保護未成年人免受有害內容侵害。「come into effect」（生效）與「government initiative」（政府倡議／施政專案）是英國新聞媒體在報導西敏寺政府政策落實時非常標準的公務與新聞用語。
EN： The verb 'vow' means to make a solemn promise and is commonly followed by a to-infinitive ('vow to do something'). Here, it is used in the present perfect tense ('has vowed') to show an action completed recently that has relevance to the present.
中文： 動詞「vow」（發誓、立誓）表示鄭重承諾，後方通常接不定詞結構（vow to + 原形動詞）。本句中使用現在完成式（has vowed），表示最近剛做出的宣誓或承諾，且其影響持續與當前情勢相關。
The company has vowed to reduce its carbon emissions by next year.
該公司已發誓要在明年之前減少碳排放。
EN： The comparative adverb 'further' indicates degree or extent (meaning 'to a greater degree'). When combined with the intensifier 'even' ('even further'), it emphasizes taking actions beyond what has already been done or proposed.
中文： 副詞比較級「further」在此處表示程度或範圍上的「更進一步」。搭配加強語氣的副詞「even」（even further），用來強調採取超越現有措施或承諾的更嚴格行動。
The mayor decided to go even further with traffic restrictions.
市長決定在交通限制上採取更進一步的舉措。
EN： In British politics, culture secretaries oversee digital media and online safety legislation. Lisa Nandy's comments reflect ongoing legislative efforts in the UK, such as the Online Safety Act, aimed at tightening regulations on major tech platforms to protect minors from harmful online content.
中文： 在英國政壇中，文化大臣（Culture Secretary）掌管數位媒體及網路安全法規政策。南迪的表態反映了英國近年來（例如《網路安全法》）持續強化對大型科技巨頭監管的政策方向，特別聚焦於保護青少年免受網路不良內容的侵害。
EN： The preposition 'before' introduces a time prepositional phrase ('before a speech') modifying the main verb 'spoke', indicating that the action took place prior to the event mentioned.
中文： 介系詞「before」引導時間介系詞片語（before a speech），用以修飾主要動詞「spoke」，表示該動作發生在演講之前。
He met with journalists before a meeting with the committee.
他在與委員會開會前會見了記者。
EN： Nested prepositional phrases ('before a speech' + 'at the Labour party conference') function adverbially to provide successive layers of circumstantial detail (time and location) for the predicate.
中文： 多重介系詞片語堆疊（「before a speech」加上「at the Labour party conference」）作為副詞修飾語，層層補充主要述語發生的時間與地點細節。
The minister answered questions before a conference at city hall.
部長在市政廳的一場研討會前回答了問題。
EN： The 'Labour party conference' is an annual multi-day event held in autumn where the UK Labour Party discusses policies, listens to major speeches from leadership, and sets political priorities. It is a major media and political fixture in British politics.
中文： 「工黨大會」（Labour party conference）是英國工黨每年秋季舉行的年度重要會議。黨內要員會在此發表重大演說、辯論政策方針並確立未來政治議程，是英國政治界每年的焦點活動之一。
EN： Modal verb 'shouldn't' followed by a bare infinitive expresses advice, strong recommendation, or moral obligation not to do something.
中文： 情態助動詞「shouldn't」後接原形動詞（bare infinitive），用於表達強烈建議、不贊同某事或勸阻（「不應該……」）。
We shouldn't ignore the warning signs.
我們不應該忽視這些警告信號。
EN： The conjunction 'that' introduces a noun clause functioning as the direct object of the verb 'accept'. Inside the clause, 'this is the end' acts as a complete subordinate statement.
中文： 連接詞「that」引導名詞子句（noun clause），在此作為動詞「accept」的受詞；子句內「this is the end」構成一個完整的從屬陳述句。
They accept that changes will take time.
他們接受變革需要時間的事實。
EN： In political discourse, phrases like 'accept that this is the end' are commonly used to rally party members and signal that initial legislation or restrictions (such as age limits on social media) are merely the starting point, not the full extent of planned regulatory intervention.
中文： 在政治與政策語境中，「accept that this is the end」常被用來向公眾或黨內傳達改革決心，表明目前的禁令或規範（例如限制十六歲以下使用社交平台）僅是初步階段，政府未來將推行更深入、更全面的監管。
EN： The relative pronoun 'that' introduces a restrictive relative clause ('that polices and regulates the online space') modifying the noun phrase 'an active state'.
中文： 關係代名詞「that」引導限定關係子句（that polices and regulates the online space），用來修飾先行詞名詞片語「an active state」（積極主動的國家／政府）。
We need a system that detects and prevents cyber attacks.
我們需要一個能夠偵測並防範網路攻擊的系統。
EN： The conjunction phrase 'so that' expresses purpose or result, meaning 'in order that'. It connects the action of regulation with its intended goal: people's safety.
中文： 連接詞片語「so that」表示目的或結果，意為「以便、為了」，將監管行動與其預期目的（民眾的安全）連結起來。
He locked the door so that nobody could enter.
他把門鎖上，以便沒有人能進去。
EN： In British political discourse, 'an active state' refers to a governance philosophy where the central government intervenes directly in the economy and society to protect citizens, contrasting with 'laissez-faire' or minimal-state approaches.
中文： 在英國政治語境中，「active state」（積極作為的國家／政府）指的是一種政府主動干預經濟與社會事務以保障公民福祉與安全的施政理念，與主張市場自由放任或「小政府」的理念相對立。
EN： Reported Speech with 'that'-clause: The verb 'added' introduces an indirect statement via a noun clause starting with 'that'. Because the reporting verb is in the past tense ('added'), the modal verb 'will' shifts back in tense to 'would' (future-in-the-past).
中文： that 引導的名詞子句（間接引語）：主要動詞「added」（補充說）是過去式，因此其引導的賓語子句中，原本表示未來的「will」配合時態後退為「would」（過去未來式）。
He explained that the company would launch a new project next month.
他解釋說公司下個月將推出一個新專案。
EN： The Idiomatic Phrase 'a force for good': This expression refers to an entity, policy, or action that has a positive, constructive, or beneficial influence on society or the world.
中文： 片語「a force for good」（一股良善／積極正面的力量）：用來指稱對社會或世界具有正面、有益且深遠影響的人事物或政策。
Education should always be a force for good in society.
教育在社會中應當始終是一股良善的力量。
EN： In British political discourse, framing regulations as 'a force for good' is a standard rhetorical strategy. It emphasizes that state intervention in technology is intended to be benevolent and socially responsible rather than restrictive.
中文： 在英國政治語境中，將監管與政策形容為「a force for good」（良善的力量）是常見的修辭手法。此說法強調政府對科技的規範並非單純限制自由，而是旨在守護公共利益並發揮積極正向的社會引導作用。
EN： The verb 'praise' commonly follows the pattern 'praise somebody for (doing) something', where the preposition 'for' introduces the reason or achievement being praised. The verb following 'for' must take the gerund form (-ing).
中文： 動詞「praise」（讚揚）常搭配介系詞「for」，構成「praise someone for doing something」（因某事而稱讚某人）的固定句型。介系詞「for」之後若接動詞，必須使用動名詞（V-ing）形式表示受讚揚的原因。
The principal praised the students for raising money for charity.
校長讚揚學生們為慈善機構募款。
EN： The adjective 'former' refers to someone having previously filled a particular role or status. In news reports, it often precedes an official title before a person's name (e.g., 'former prime minister [Name]').
中文： 形容詞「former」意為「前任的、過去的」，常用於職銜前修飾專有名詞，如「former prime minister [姓名]」（前首相……），在新聞報導中極為常見，用以標示人物先前的官方身分。
The former president attended the international summit yesterday.
前總統昨天出席了該場國際高峰會。
EN： In the UK political system, a 'Secretary of State' (commonly abbreviated to 'secretary' in titles like 'technology secretary') is a senior cabinet minister in charge of a government department. Official ministerial titles are routinely placed before personal names in British news coverage without capitalization of every word unless acting as direct formal address.
中文： 在英國政治體制中，「Secretary of State」（通常簡稱為「secretary」，如「technology secretary」科技大臣）是指掌管中央各部會的內閣閣員。在英國新聞報導中，常將這些職稱置於官員姓名前作為身分標籤。
EN： The structure 'there has been + noun phrase' is the present perfect form of the existential 'there is/are'. It denotes that something has happened or come into existence over a period leading up to the present. The noun phrase (here 'a step change') functions as the notional subject.
中文： 結構「there has been + 名詞片語」是存在句「there is/are」的現在完成式，表示從過去某個時間點一直延續到現在所發生的事情或出現的狀況。其後的名詞片語（本句中為「a step change」）在文法上為實質主詞。
There has been a noticeable improvement in air quality recently.
最近空氣品質有了明顯的改善。
EN： The conjunction 'since' introduces a time clause indicating the starting point of an action. The clause following 'since' usually uses the simple past tense (e.g., 'became'), while the main clause typically uses the present perfect tense (e.g., 'has been').
中文： 連接詞「since」引導時間副詞子句，表示動作或狀態的起點。接在「since」後面的子句通常使用過去簡單式（如「became」），而主要子句通常使用現在完成式（如「has been」）。
He has lived in London since he graduated from university.
自從大學畢業後，他就一直住在倫敦。
EN： In British politics, 'step change' is a common idiomatic phrase meaning a significant and discontinuous jump or shift in policy or behavior, rather than a gradual incremental change. Additionally, the phrase 'approach to [noun]' is widely used in official policy statements to describe a government's strategy or methodology towards a particular issue.
中文： 在英國政治與公共政策語境中，「step change」（階梯式改變 / 重大轉折）是一個常見成語，指政策或行動方針出現顯著、非漸進式的重大躍升或轉向，而非慢慢調整。此外，「approach to [名詞]」是政策談話中極為常見的搭配，用以表達政府處理特定議題的策略或方法。
EN： The verb 'want' is frequently followed by an object plus a to-infinitive complement: 'want + object + to-infinitive' (e.g., 'wants [online spaces] to be...'). This construction expresses that the subject desires someone or something else to perform an action or enter a certain state.
中文： 動詞「want」常接「受詞 + 不定詞（to + 動詞原形）」作為受詞補語，形成「want + 受詞 + to V」的句型（例如：wants [online spaces] to be...），用來表示主詞希望某人或某事物執行某動作或處於某種狀態。
The teacher wants every student to participate actively in class discussions.
老師希望每位學生都能積極參與課堂討論。
EN： Parallel adjective structures: Three adjectives ('safe', 'inclusive', 'empowering') are connected by commas and 'and' to describe the object. The adverb 'genuinely' modifies the entire set of adjectives, intensifying the sincerity and reality of these qualities.
中文： 平行形容詞結構：句子使用「safe」、「inclusive」與「empowering」三個形容詞並列，共同作為形容詞補語；副詞「genuinely」（真正地）則置於其前，用以修飾後續整組形容詞特質。
The program aims to create an environment that is genuinely supportive, engaging, and rewarding.
該計畫旨在創造一個真正具支持性、吸引人且有回饋價值的環境。
EN： In UK political discourse, phrases like 'safe, inclusive, and empowering' are hallmarks of policy language around digital regulation (such as the UK Online Safety Act). They reflect a regulatory philosophy that seeks not just to prohibit harm, but to foster positive digital citizenship and equal access.
中文： 在英國的政治與政策論述中，「safe, inclusive, and empowering（安全、具包容性且賦予力量）」是數位規範（如英國《線上安全法》相關討論）中極為常見的措辭。這反映出政府政策方針不僅著眼於禁止或防範危害，更強調創造積極正向的數位公民環境與人人平等的參與權利。
重要單字附有 IPA 發音、定義、例句和互動式測驗。
在本文中： 倡議；新措施
在本文中： 限制；約束
在本文中： 管制；管理
在本文中： 先驅；倡導者
在本文中： 發誓；鄭重承諾
在本文中： 具包容性的
在本文中： 使人自主的；賦予能力的
在本文中： 演算法的
片語包含類型標示、雙語定義、用法說明和例句。
a point or step along the way toward achieving an ultimate goal
中途站；階段性進展
to start to apply or be used (especially laws, rules, or policies)
生效；開始實施
a significant, noticeable, and often sudden change or improvement
重大轉變；跳躍式的進步
a web-design technique that loads content continuously as the user scrolls down
無限滾動
an influence that produces positive results or promotes social well-being
造福社會的力量；正向力量