EN： Passive Voice (be + past participle): Used when the focus is on the person or thing experiencing the action. Here, 'was adopted' emphasizes the event happening to Steve.
中文： 被動語態 (be 動詞 + 過去分詞)：用於強調動作的承受者而非執行者。在此處 'was adopted' 強調發生在史蒂夫身上的事件。
The lost dog was found by a kind neighbor.
那隻走失的狗被一位好心的鄰居找到了。
EN： Subordinating Conjunction 'after': Used to connect two clauses and indicate the chronological order of events, where the action in the 'after' clause happens first.
中文： 從屬連接詞 'after'：用於連接兩個子句並指示事件的時間順序，'after' 引導的子句動作發生在先。
She went to sleep after she finished her homework.
她在完成作業後去睡覺了。
EN： In Western cultures, 'open' or 'closed' adoption is a common topic. The phrase 'biological mother' is used to distinguish from 'adoptive mother', reflecting a focus on clarity regarding family origins, which is a significant theme in Steve Jobs' life story.
中文： 在西方文化中，領養是一個常見的話題。使用 'biological mother'（生母）一詞是為了與 'adoptive mother'（養母）做區分，這反映了對家庭起源清晰度的重視，這也是史蒂夫·賈伯斯生平故事中的一個重要主題。
EN： The Noun Clause in Apposition: The word 'that' introduces a noun clause that explains the content of the preceding noun 'promise'. It functions as an appositive, providing specific details about what the promise was.
中文： 同位語從句：單字 'that' 引導一個名詞子句，用來解釋前面的名詞 'promise'（承諾）的具體內容。它作為同位語，提供關於該承諾細節的說明。
There is a rumor that the company will close down.
有一個傳言說公司將會倒閉。
EN： Future in the Past: The auxiliary verb 'would' is used here to express a future action from the perspective of a point in the past. Since 'made' is in the past tense, 'will' changes to 'would'.
中文： 過去未來式：助動詞 'would' 在此用於表達從過去某個時間點來看將要發生的動作。因為主要動詞 'made' 是過去式，所以 'will' 需改為 'would'。
She said she would call me later.
她說她晚點會打給我。
EN： In American culture, graduating from a university is often seen as a key milestone for social mobility, especially for working-class families like the one Steve was adopted into.
中文： 在美國文化中，大學畢業通常被視為社會流動的關鍵里程碑，特別是對於像史蒂夫被收養的那種工人階級家庭而言。
EN： The Past Continuous Tense (was + verb-ing) is used here to describe an ongoing action or a developing situation in the past that provides the background for another event.
中文： 過去進行式（was + 動詞-ing）在此用於描述過去正在發生或持續發展的情況，為另一個事件提供背景背景。
The heavy rain was flooding the streets, so we stayed home.
大雨正淹沒街道，所以我們待在家裡。
EN： The phrasal verb 'drop out of' means to stop participating in something, such as a school or a competition, before finishing it.
中文： 片語動詞「drop out of」意指在完成之前停止參與某事，例如退學或退出比賽。
She had to drop out of the race due to an injury.
她因為受傷不得不退出比賽。
EN： The term 'working-class' highlights the financial struggle many American families face regarding the rising cost of higher education, which is a central theme in Steve Jobs' early life story.
中文： 「working-class」（勞工階層）一詞強調了許多美國家庭在面對日益增長的高等教育費用時所面臨的經濟掙扎，這也是史蒂夫·賈伯斯早年生活故事中的一個核心主題。
EN： The phrase 'have no idea' is followed by a noun clause (interrogative clause) acting as the object. These clauses use 'wh-' words like 'what' or 'how' but follow statement word order (subject + verb) rather than question word order.
中文： 「have no idea」後面接名詞子句（疑問子句）作為受詞。這些子句使用 what 或 how 等疑問詞引導，但必須使用陳述句語序（主詞 + 動詞），而非疑問句語序。
She had no idea where she was going.
她那時完全不知道自己要去哪裡。
EN： The phrasal verb 'figure out' means to understand or solve something after thinking about it. When the object is a pronoun like 'it', it must be placed between 'figure' and 'out'.
中文： 片語動詞「figure out」意為經過思考後理解或解決某事。當受詞是代名詞（如 it）時，必須放在 figure 與 out 之間。
This math problem is tough, but I will figure it out.
這道數學題很難，但我會把它解出來。
EN： This quote is from Steve Jobs' famous 2005 Stanford Commencement Speech. It reflects a common 'quarter-life crisis' or period of uncertainty experienced by many university students in Western culture, emphasizing that it is acceptable not to have a clear career path immediately.
中文： 這段話出自史蒂夫於 2005 年在史丹佛大學畢業典禮上的著名演講。它反映了西方文化中許多大學生都會經歷的「青年危機」或迷惘期，強調在當下沒有明確的職業規劃是可以被接受的。
EN： The passive voice 'be fascinated by' is used to describe a state of being extremely interested in something. The subject receives the action or feeling.
中文： 被動語態 'be fascinated by' 用於描述被某事物深深吸引的狀態。主詞是該情感的接收者。
She was fascinated by the ancient ruins.
她被那些古代遺跡深深吸引。
EN： The structure 'spend time (in) doing something' indicates the amount of time dedicated to a specific activity. The preposition 'in' is usually omitted.
中文： 結構 'spend time (in) doing something' 表示投入多少時間在特定活動上。介係詞 'in' 通常會被省略，後接動名詞 (V-ing)。
They spent their weekend cleaning the garden.
他們花了一整個週末清理花園。
EN： In Western history, calligraphy often refers to the artistic practice of handwriting and lettering with a pen or brush. For Steve Jobs, this interest in typography later influenced the aesthetic design of personal computers.
中文： 在西方歷史中，'calligraphy'（書法）通常指使用筆或刷子進行的手寫藝術。對於史蒂夫而言，對字體排印學的興趣後來深深影響了個人電腦的美學設計。
EN： The conjunction 'even though' is used to introduce a clause that expresses a fact that makes the main statement surprising or unexpected. It is a stronger version of 'although'.
中文： 連接詞「even though」用於引導一個表示讓步的子句，表達某個事實使得主要句子的陳述顯得令人驚訝或出乎意料。它的語氣比「although」更強。
Even though it was raining, they decided to go for a hike.
儘管下著雨，他們還是決定去健行。
EN： The phrase 'at the time' is an adverbial of time used to refer to a specific point in the past that has already been mentioned or is understood from the context.
中文： 片語「at the time」是一個時間副詞，用來指代過去已經提到過或從上下文可以理解的某個特定時間點。
I didn't have a car at the time, so I took the bus.
我當時沒有車，所以搭公車。
EN： This sentence reflects a common theme in Western biographical narratives, especially regarding innovators like Steve Jobs: the idea that seemingly 'useless' intellectual curiosity can lead to major breakthroughs later in life. It emphasizes the value of liberal arts and aesthetic education alongside technical skills.
中文： 這句話反映了西方傳記敘事中的一個常見主題，特別是關於像史蒂夫·賈伯斯這樣的創新者：即看似「無用」的求知慾可能會在日後的人生中帶來重大突破。它強調了人文藝術與美感教育在技術技能之外的價值。
EN： The use of 'everything' followed by a relative clause (he knew about...) without a relative pronoun like 'that'. This is a common way to define a specific set of knowledge or objects.
中文： 先行詞 'everything' 後方接一個關係子句 (he knew about...)，省略了關係代名詞 'that'。這是定義特定知識或事物的常見用法。
She shared everything she learned during her trip to Japan.
她分享了她在日本旅行期間所學到的一切。
EN： The past simple tense is used here to describe completed actions in a narrative sequence (designed, included).
中文： 過去簡單式用於描述敘事序列中已完成的動作（設計、包含）。
He opened the door and walked into the room.
他打開門並走進了房間。
EN： The Macintosh, released in 1984, was revolutionary for being the first personal computer to offer a wide variety of beautiful fonts, inspired by Steve Jobs' interest in calligraphy.
中文： 1984 年推出的麥金塔電腦具有革命性意義，它是第一台提供多種美觀字體的個人電腦，這源於史蒂夫·賈伯斯對西洋書法（calligraphy）的興趣。
EN： Mixed Conditionals: This structure combines a past condition (If + past perfect) with a present result (would + base verb). It is used to describe how a different action in the past would affect the current situation.
中文： 混合條件句：此結構結合了過去的假設（If + 過去完成式）與現在的結果（would + 原型動詞）。用於描述過去不同的行動會如何影響現狀。
If I had studied harder in school, I would have a better job now.
如果我以前在學校更努力讀書，我現在就會有一份更好的工作。
EN： Negative Past Perfect: 'Had not taken' is the negative form of the past perfect tense, used here to hypothesize about an event that actually did happen in the past.
中文： 過去完成式的否定：'Had not taken' 是過去完成式的否定形式，在此處用於對過去實際發生過的事情進行反事實假設。
If she had not missed the bus, she would be here by now.
如果她當時沒有錯過公車，她現在就已經在這裡了。
EN： This sentence refers to Steve Jobs' famous 2005 Stanford Commencement Speech. He dropped out of Reed College but stayed to audit a calligraphy class, which later influenced the typography of the first Macintosh. It highlights the idea that seemingly 'useless' experiences can become valuable later.
中文： 這句話源自史蒂夫·賈伯斯 2005 年在史丹佛大學著名的畢業演講。他從里德學院退學後，留下來旁聽了一門書法課，這門課後來影響了第一台麥金塔電腦的字體設計。這體現了「看似無用的經歷在未來可能產生巨大價值」的觀念。
EN： Present Participle Phrase as an Adverbial: 'Looking back' is a reduced clause (When he looked back) used to provide context or timing for the main action. It shares the same subject as the main clause.
中文： 現在分詞修飾語：'Looking back' 是一個簡化的子句（原為 When he looked back），用來提供主句動作的背景或時間點。其邏輯主詞與主句主詞一致。
Walking down the street, I met an old friend.
走在街上時，我遇到了一位老朋友。
EN： Noun Clause with 'that': The word 'that' introduces a subordinate clause acting as the direct object of the verb 'believed', expressing the content of his belief.
中文： that 引導的名詞子句：'that' 引導一個從屬子句，作為動詞 'believed' 的受詞，用來表達他所相信的內容。
She believed that hard work would eventually pay off.
她相信努力最終會有回報。
EN： This sentence reflects a core philosophy of Steve Jobs: the idea of 'connecting the dots.' It suggests that while life may seem random in the moment, there is a purposeful narrative that only becomes clear in hindsight.
中文： 這句話反映了史蒂夫·賈伯斯的核心哲學：『連點成線』的概念。它暗示雖然生活在當下可能顯得隨機，但背後其實有一種目標明確的敘事，只有在事後回顧時才會變得清晰。
EN： The use of 'looking forward/backwards' functions as a participle phrase (reduced adverbial clause), indicating the time or circumstances under which the main action occurs.
中文： 使用「looking forward/backwards」作為分詞短語（簡化的副詞子句），用來表示主句動作發生的時間或情況。
Looking at the map, he realized he was lost.
看著地圖時，他意識到自己迷路了。
EN： The semicolon (;) is used to link two independent clauses that are closely related in thought, often creating a contrast or parallel structure.
中文： 分號（;）用於連接兩個在思想上緊密相關的獨立子句，通常用於建立對比或平行結構。
Some people prefer tea; others prefer coffee.
有些人喜歡茶；其他人則喜歡咖啡。
EN： This is one of the most famous quotes from Steve Jobs' 2005 Stanford Commencement Speech. 'Connecting the dots' has since become a common English idiom meaning to understand the relationship between different events or pieces of information to see the 'big picture'.
中文： 這是史蒂夫在 2005 年史丹佛大學畢業典禮演講中最著名的名言之一。「Connecting the dots」（串聯起點滴）從此成為英語中常見的成語，意指理解不同事件或資訊之間的聯繫，從而看清「大局」。
重要單字附有 IPA 發音、定義、例句和互動式測驗。
在本文中： 被收養的
在本文中： 親生的、生物學上的
在本文中： 學費
在本文中： 著迷的、受吸引的
在本文中： 書法、藝術字體
在本文中： 實際的、實用的
在本文中： 排版、字體設計
在本文中： 命運、天命
片語包含類型標示、雙語定義、用法說明和例句。
To stop attending a school or university before you have finished your studies.
退學、輟學
To understand or find a solution to something after thinking about it.
想通、弄明白、解決問題
To understand the relationship between different ideas or experiences.
將點滴串連起來、看清事物的關聯
The social group consisting of people who are employed for wages, especially in manual or industrial work.
勞工階級的
To think about something that happened in the past.
回首、回顧過去