EN： The Present Perfect Tense (have/has + past participle) is used here to describe an action that happened at an unspecified time in the past and has a result in the present, or to report recent news.
中文： 現在完成式（have/has + 過去分詞）在此用於描述過去某個不確定時間發生且對現在有影響的動作，或用於報導最新消息。
The athlete has broken the world record three times this year.
這位運動員今年已經三次打破世界紀錄。
EN： The conjunction 'after' introduces a subordinate clause that indicates the sequence of events. In this sentence, the announcement happened, leading to the recognition of the broken record.
中文： 連接詞「after」引導一個從句，用來表示事件的先後順序。在本句中，先有了主辦單位的宣佈，隨後才確認紀錄被打破。
The team celebrated after they won the championship.
球隊在贏得冠軍後進行了慶祝。
EN： The London Marathon is one of the six World Marathon Majors. It is famous not only for elite competition but also as a massive fundraising event where many participants run in fancy dress for charity.
中文： 倫敦馬拉松是世界馬拉松大滿貫的六大賽事之一。它不僅以精英競技著稱，也是一個巨大的慈善籌款活動，許多參賽者會穿著奇裝異服為慈善而跑。
EN： The Present Perfect Tense (has/have + past participle) is used here to describe an action that happened at an unspecified time in the past and has a result or relevance to the present situation.
中文： 現在完成式（has/have + 過去分詞）在此用於描述過去某個不確定時間點發生的動作，且該動作與現在的情況有相關性或產生了結果。
She has already finished her application for the competition.
她已經完成了比賽的申請。
EN： Noun Clauses starting with 'that' function as the object of the verb 'means'. It introduces a statement that explains the implication of the previous sentence.
中文： 由 'that' 引導的名詞子句作為動詞 'means' 的受詞。它引出一個陳述，用來解釋前一句話所隱含的意義。
The report shows that more people are interested in health.
報告顯示越來越多的人對健康感興趣。
EN： The London Marathon is one of the 'World Marathon Majors'. Due to its immense popularity, entry is primarily decided by a 'ballot' (a random draw), making it very difficult for the average person to secure a spot, as reflected in the 1.8% statistic of the entire UK adult population applying.
中文： 倫敦馬拉松是「世界馬拉松大滿貫」之一。由於其極受歡迎，參賽名額主要透過「抽籤」（ballot）決定，這使得一般人很難獲得名額，從英國成年人口中有 1.8% 報名這一數據便可看出其競爭之激烈。
EN： Non-defining relative clauses: Using ', which' to provide extra information about the entire preceding clause or the noun immediately before it.
中文： 非限定用法關係子句：使用「, which」來對前面的整個子句或緊鄰的名詞提供額外的補充說明。
The team won the championship, which surprised everyone.
球隊贏得了冠軍，這讓每個人都很驚訝。
EN： The past simple tense: Used here to describe a completed action in the past (reaching a specific number).
中文： 一般過去式：此處用於描述過去已完成的動作（達到特定數值）。
The temperature reached 40 degrees yesterday.
昨天氣溫達到了 40 度。
EN： The London Marathon is one of the six World Marathon Majors. Its popularity is so high that entry is primarily determined by a 'ballot' (a random draw), making it extremely difficult to secure a spot.
中文： 倫敦馬拉松是世界馬拉松大滿貫的六大賽事之一。由於其受歡迎程度極高，參賽名額主要透過「抽籤」（ballot）決定，因此要獲得參賽資格非常困難。
EN： Present Perfect Tense (have + past participle): Used to describe an action that started in the past and continues to the present, or has relevance to the present moment.
中文： 現在完成式（have + 過去分詞）：用於描述從過去開始並持續到現在，或與現在情況相關的動作或狀態。
The number of runners has increased since 2020.
自 2020 年以來，跑者的數量有所增加。
EN： Adverb Placement: Adverbs like 'quickly' often follow the verb they modify to describe the manner of the action.
中文： 副詞位置：像 'quickly' 這樣的副詞通常放在其修飾的動詞之後，用來描述動作進行的方式。
She ran quickly to the finish line.
她快速地跑向終點線。
EN： The London Marathon is one of the 'World Marathon Majors'. Its increasing popularity reflects a global trend where mass-participation sporting events are becoming significant cultural and charitable milestones, not just athletic competitions.
中文： 倫敦馬拉松是「世界馬拉松大滿貫」之一。其受歡迎程度的提升反映了一種全球趨勢：大眾參與型體育賽事正成為重要的文化與慈善里程碑，而不僅僅是體育競技。
EN： The past simple tense is used here to describe a completed action at a specific time in the past ('Last year'). The regular verb 'apply' changes to 'applied' by changing the 'y' to 'i' and adding 'ed'.
中文： 這裡使用過去簡單式來描述過去特定時間（去年）已完成的動作。規則動詞「apply」的過去式變化為將「y」改為「i」後加上「ed」，成為「applied」。
She applied for a new job yesterday.
她昨天應徵了一份新工作。
EN： The preposition 'for' is used after the verb 'apply' to indicate the object or goal of the application (e.g., a job, a race, or a position).
中文： 介系詞「for」接在動詞「apply」之後，用來表示申請或報名的對象或目標（例如：工作、比賽或職位）。
Many students applied for the scholarship.
許多學生申請了這項獎學金。
EN： The London Marathon is one of the most prestigious long-distance running events in the world. Due to its extreme popularity, most participants must enter a 'ballot' (a random draw) to get a spot, as the number of applicants far exceeds the race's capacity.
中文： 倫敦馬拉松是世界上最負盛名的長跑賽事之一。由於其極受歡迎，大多數參賽者必須通過「抽籤」(ballot) 才能獲得名額，因為申請人數遠遠超過了比賽的承載能力。
EN： The Present Perfect Tense (have/has + past participle) is used here to describe an action that happened in the past and has a direct result or relevance to the present moment.
中文： 現在完成式（have/has + 過去分詞）在此用於描述過去發生且對現在有直接結果或關聯的動作。
The price of tickets has increased recently.
門票價格最近上漲了。
EN： The preposition 'by' is used to indicate the amount or degree of change when talking about increases or decreases.
中文： 介係詞 'by' 用於表示增加或減少時的具體數量或程度（差距）。
The temperature dropped by ten degrees.
氣溫下降了十度。
EN： The London Marathon is one of the 'World Marathon Majors'. The massive increase in applications reflects a global post-pandemic surge in health consciousness and the popularity of mass-participation sporting events.
中文： 倫敦馬拉松是「世界馬拉松大滿貫」之一。申請人數的大幅增加反映了全球在疫情後健康意識的激增，以及大型參與式體育賽事的普及。
EN： The phrase 'Compared to' is used to introduce a comparison between two things or situations. It often functions as a prepositional phrase at the beginning of a sentence.
中文： 短語「Compared to」用於引入兩個事物或情況之間的比較。它通常作為介係詞短語放在句首，用來設定比較的基準。
Compared to last month, sales have improved significantly.
與上個月相比，銷售額有顯著提升。
EN： The Present Perfect Tense (has/have + past participle) is used here to describe an action that happened in the past and has a result or relevance in the present.
中文： 現在完成式（has/have + 過去分詞）在此用於描述過去發生且與現在有結果關聯或影響的動作。
The population of the city has grown since 2010.
自 2010 年以來，這座城市的人口已經增長了。
EN： The London Marathon is one of the most prestigious running events globally. The massive surge in applications reflects a post-pandemic global trend where health and outdoor activities have seen unprecedented participation levels.
中文： 倫敦馬拉松是全球最負盛名的跑步賽事之一。報名人數的大幅增長反映了後疫情時代的一種全球趨勢，即人們對健康和戶外活動的參與度達到了前所未有的水平。
EN： The Present Perfect Tense (has/have + past participle) is used here to describe an action or state that started in the past and continues to be relevant or true in the present.
中文： 現在完成式（has/have + 過去分詞）在此用於描述從過去開始並持續到現在，或對現在仍有影響的動作或狀態。
The city has changed a lot over the last ten years.
這座城市在過去十年間發生了很大的變化。
EN： The word 'that' functions as a conjunction to introduce a noun clause, which serves as the direct object of the verb 'show'.
中文： 單字 'that' 作為連接詞引導名詞子句，該子句作為動詞 'show' 的受詞。
Research shows that exercise improves mental health.
研究顯示運動能改善心理健康。
EN： The phrase 'across the world' highlights the global nature of the running boom. Major marathons like the London Marathon have transitioned from elite sporting events to mass-participation festivals that attract people from all walks of life.
中文： 短語 'across the world' 突顯了跑步熱潮的全球性。像倫敦馬拉松這樣的大型賽事，已從精英體育競技轉變為吸引各行各業人士參與的大眾節慶。
EN： Appositives are nouns or noun phrases that follow another noun to provide more information or identify it. In this sentence, 'the CEO of the London Marathon' explains who Hugh Brasher is.
中文： 同位語（Appositives）是緊跟在另一個名詞後面的名詞或名詞短語，用於提供更多資訊或識別該名詞。在本句中，「the CEO of the London Marathon」解釋了休·布拉舍的身份。
Mr. Smith, my English teacher, is very kind.
史密斯先生，我的英文老師，為人非常親切。
EN： The Past Simple tense is used to describe completed actions in the past. The verb 'welcomed' is the regular past form of 'welcome', indicating the action happened when the figures were announced.
中文： 過去簡單式（Past Simple）用於描述過去已完成的動作。動詞「welcomed」是「welcome」的規則過去式，表示在數據公佈時所做出的反應。
The team celebrated the victory yesterday.
球隊昨天慶祝了勝利。
EN： The London Marathon is one of the six World Marathon Majors. The CEO, Hugh Brasher, is the son of Chris Brasher, who co-founded the event in 1981. The massive number of applicants reflects the event's status as a major global sporting and charity event.
中文： 倫敦馬拉松是世界馬拉松大滿貫（World Marathon Majors）的六大賽事之一。執行長休·布拉舍是克里斯·布拉舍的兒子，後者於 1981 年共同創立了這項賽事。龐大的申請人數反映了該賽事作為全球重大體育與慈善活動的地位。
EN： The Noun Clause with 'that': This structure acts as the object of the verb 'said'. It allows the speaker to report a statement or fact. 'That' is a conjunction that introduces the subordinate clause.
中文： that 引導的名詞子句：此結構作為動詞「said」的受詞。它允許說話者轉述一個陳述或事實。「that」是引導從屬子句的連接詞。
She said that the weather would be sunny tomorrow.
她說明天天氣會很晴朗。
EN： The 'Make + Object + Complement' structure: Here, 'makes' is followed by an object ('London') and an object complement ('the most popular marathon...'). This structure describes the result or status of the object caused by the subject.
中文： 「Make + 受詞 + 補語」結構：這裡的「makes」後面跟著受詞（倫敦）和受詞補語（最受歡迎的馬拉松...）。此結構描述了主詞對受詞所造成的結果或狀態。
Hard work makes him a successful person.
努力工作使他成為一個成功的人。
EN： The London Marathon is one of the 'World Marathon Majors'. Its popularity is reflected in the 'ballot' system, where hundreds of thousands apply for a very limited number of spots, making it a highly prestigious event to participate in.
中文： 倫敦馬拉松是「世界馬拉松大滿貫」之一。其受歡迎程度體現在「抽籤」制度中，數十萬人申請極少數的名額，使其成為一項參與門檻極高且具聲望的賽事。
EN： The phrase 'come close to' is an idiomatic expression meaning to be almost as good, large, or important as something else. It is often used in negative sentences to emphasize that something is unique or superior.
中文： 片語「come close to」是一個慣用語，意思是「與...接近」或「與...相提並論」。常用於否定句中，用來強調某事物是獨一無二或遠遠超越其他的。
No other smartphone comes close to this model in terms of camera quality.
就相機品質而言，沒有其他智慧型手機可以與這款型號相提並論。
EN： The word 'that' functions here as a conjunction introducing a noun clause (reported speech). It connects the reporting verb 'added' to the information being added.
中文： 單字「that」在此作為連接詞，引導一個名詞子句（間接引語）。它將轉述動詞「added」（補充說）與所要補充的資訊連接起來。
She added that the meeting would start at ten o'clock.
她補充說會議將在十點鐘開始。
EN： In the context of major sporting events like the London Marathon, 'numbers' often refers to registration or participation statistics. The phrase 'nothing else comes close' reflects the immense global prestige and scale of the London Marathon compared to other world-class races.
中文： 在倫敦馬拉松等大型體育賽事的語境中，「numbers」通常指報名人數或參賽統計數據。「nothing else comes close」這句話反映了倫敦馬拉松與其他世界級賽事相比，所擁有的巨大全球聲望與規模。
EN： The phrase 'According to' is a prepositional phrase used to indicate the source of information or an opinion.
中文： 短語「According to」是一個介係詞短語，用於表示資訊的來源或某人的觀點，中文常譯為「根據…」或「據…所說」。
According to the weather forecast, it will rain tomorrow.
根據天氣預報，明天會下雨。
EN： The structure 'inspire [someone] to [verb]' is used to describe the act of giving someone the desire or confidence to do something.
中文： 結構「inspire [某人] to [動詞]」用於描述激勵或啟發某人去做某事，賦予其動力或信心。
The teacher inspired her students to read more books.
這位老師激勵她的學生閱讀更多書籍。
EN： The London Marathon is famous for its inclusivity, encouraging not just elite athletes but also 'fun runners' of all backgrounds and physical abilities to participate, often for charitable causes.
中文： 倫敦馬拉松以其包容性聞名，不僅鼓勵頂尖運動員，也鼓勵各種背景和體能狀況的「趣味跑者」參與，且通常是為了慈善目的而跑。
EN： The use of 'that' as a conjunction to introduce a noun clause. In this sentence, 'that' introduces the specific information being reported by the team.
中文： 使用「that」作為連接詞來引導名詞子句。在本句中，「that」引導了團隊所報告的具體訊息內容。
The teacher said that the exam was easy.
老師說考試很簡單。
EN： The adverb 'alone' used for emphasis. When placed after a noun or noun phrase, it means 'only' and emphasizes that the specific thing mentioned is sufficient to produce a result or reach a total.
中文： 副詞「alone」用於強調。當放在名詞或名詞短語之後時，意為「僅僅、單單」，強調所提到的特定事物本身就足以產生某種結果或達到某個總數。
The rent alone costs one thousand dollars a month.
單單房租每個月就要花費一千美元。
EN： The London Marathon is one of the most prestigious running events globally. The fact that over one million people applied from the UK alone reflects the deep-rooted running culture in the country and the event's status as a national institution.
中文： 倫敦馬拉松是全球最負盛名的跑步賽事之一。僅英國就有超過一百萬人報名，這反映了該國根深蒂固的跑步文化，以及該賽事作為國家級盛會的地位。
EN： The structure 'This is the first time (that)...' is used to describe a unique or record-breaking occurrence. It is commonly followed by the present perfect tense (have/has + past participle) to emphasize the completion of the action up to the present moment.
中文： 句型「This is the first time (that)...」用於描述唯一或破紀錄的發生情況。後面通常接現在完成式（have/has + 過去分詞），以強調動作直到目前為止的完成狀態。
This is the first time that I have visited London.
這是我第一次訪問倫敦。
EN： The present perfect tense 'have passed' indicates an action that happened at an unspecified time in the past but has relevance or results in the present.
中文： 現在完成式「have passed」表示動作發生在過去的不特定時間，但與現在有相關性或對現在產生了結果。
The company has passed its annual sales target.
該公司已經超過了其年度銷售目標。
EN： The 'one million mark' is a significant milestone in large-scale events. In the context of the London Marathon, reaching this number of applicants from the UK alone highlights the immense popularity of running as a sport in British culture and the prestige of this specific event.
中文： 「一百萬大關」是大型活動中的一個重要里程碑。在倫敦馬拉松的背景下，僅英國就有如此多的申請者，凸顯了跑步這項運動在英國文化中的極高普及度，以及這項賽事的聲望。
EN： Passive Voice (be + past participle): Used when the action is more important than the person performing it. In this sentence, 'were received' focuses on the applications arriving.
中文： 被動語態 (be 動詞 + 過去分詞)：當動作本身比執行動作的人更重要時使用。在本句中，「were received」強調的是申請件被收到的事實。
The results were announced by the committee yesterday.
結果已由委員會於昨天公佈。
EN： The adjective 'additional': Used to describe an extra amount or quantity that is added to something already mentioned.
中文： 形容詞「additional」：用於描述在已經提到的基礎上額外增加的數量或數額。
We need additional information before making a decision.
在做決定之前，我們需要額外的資訊。
EN： The London Marathon is one of the six World Marathon Majors. Its massive global appeal is reflected in the fact that it receives applications from nearly every country, making it a truly international sporting event.
中文： 倫敦馬拉松是世界馬拉松大滿貫的六大賽事之一。其巨大的全球吸引力體現在它收到來自幾乎每個國家的申請，使其成為一項真正的國際體育盛事。
EN： The relative pronoun 'which' can be used to introduce a non-defining relative clause that refers back to the entire preceding clause, rather than just the noun before it.
中文： 關係代名詞 'which' 可用於引導非限定修飾子句，用來補充說明前面的「整個句子」所提到的情況，而不僅僅是指代緊鄰的名詞。
He passed the exam with high marks, which surprised everyone.
他以高分通過了考試，這讓每個人都很驚訝。
EN： The verb 'appeal' is often followed by the preposition 'to' to indicate who or what finds something attractive or interesting.
中文： 動詞 'appeal'（吸引）通常後接介系詞 'to'，用來表示某事物對某人或某群體具有吸引力或感興趣。
The new design appeals to younger customers.
這個新設計對年輕顧客很有吸引力。
EN： The London Marathon is known for its inclusivity. The fact that participation is nearly equal between genders reflects a broader trend in global sports where female participation in long-distance running has surged over the last few decades.
中文： 倫敦馬拉松以其包容性著稱。男女參與比例幾乎相等，反映了全球體育運動的一個大趨勢：在過去幾十年中，女性參與長跑運動的人數大幅增加。
EN： The past participle 'aged' is used here as a reduced relative clause (short for 'who were aged') to function as an adjective modifying the noun 'women'. It specifies the age range of the group.
中文： 過去分詞「aged」在此處用作簡化關係子句（原為「who were aged」），作為形容詞修飾名詞「women」（女性），用來指明該群體的年齡範圍。
The program is designed for children aged 5 to 10.
這個計畫是為 5 到 10 歲的兒童設計的。
EN： Sentence adverbs like 'Interestingly' are used at the beginning of a sentence to express the speaker's attitude or comment on the entire statement that follows.
中文： 句子副詞（如「Interestingly」）通常置於句首，用來表達說話者對接下來整個陳述內容的態度或評論。
Fortunately, no one was hurt in the accident.
幸運的是，沒有人在這起事故中受傷。
EN： The high interest among young women (aged 20-29) in the London Marathon reflects a global trend where running is increasingly seen as a social and wellness activity rather than just a competitive sport. This demographic shift has influenced how major marathons are marketed and organized.
中文： 20 到 29 歲年輕女性對倫敦馬拉松的高度興趣，反映了一種全球趨勢：跑步越來越被視為一種社交與健康活動，而不僅僅是競爭性運動。這種人口結構的轉變也影響了大型馬拉松賽事的行銷與組織方式。
EN： The phrase 'More than' is used as a quantifier to indicate a quantity that exceeds a specific number. It functions as a modifier for the noun phrase that follows.
中文： 「More than」是一個數量修飾語，用來表示超過某個特定的數字。它在句中修飾其後的名詞短語。
More than 500 students attended the seminar.
超過 500 名學生參加了這場研討會。
EN： The past simple tense 'applied' is used here to describe a completed action in the past. When followed by the preposition 'for', it indicates the object of the application (the marathon).
中文： 過去簡單式動詞「applied」用於描述過去已完成的動作。當後面接介系詞「for」時，表示申請或報名的對象（在此為馬拉松）。
She applied for a new job last week.
她上週應徵了一份新工作。
EN： The London Marathon is famous for its 'ballot' system, where hundreds of thousands apply for a limited number of spots. The high number of young female applicants reflects a global trend in the increasing participation of women in long-distance running, which was historically male-dominated.
中文： 倫敦馬拉松以其「抽籤」制度聞名，每年有數十萬人爭奪有限的名額。年輕女性申請者人數眾多，反映了全球女性參與長跑運動的增長趨勢，這在歷史上曾是以男性為主的運動。
EN： The Present Simple tense is used here to state a fact or a current situation. The verb 'reflects' takes an '-s' because the subject 'This trend' is third-person singular.
中文： 現在簡單式在此用於陳述事實或現狀。動詞「reflects」加上了「-s」，是因為主詞「This trend」（這一趨勢）是第三人稱單數。
The data shows a similar pattern in other sports.
數據顯示其他運動中也有類似的模式。
EN： Gerunds as Objects: 'Running' is a gerund (verb + -ing) acting as a noun. It functions as the object of the preposition 'of' within the noun phrase 'popularity of running'.
中文： 動名詞作為受詞：「Running」是一個動名詞（動詞 + -ing），在此作為名詞使用。它在名詞短語「popularity of running」（跑步的普及度）中擔任介係詞「of」的受詞。
She enjoys swimming in the ocean.
她喜歡在海裡游泳。
EN： The sentence highlights a shift in marathon demographics. Historically, marathons were dominated by older, experienced runners, but events like the London Marathon are seeing a massive surge in interest from Gen Z and Millennials, often driven by social media 'run clubs'.
中文： 這句話強調了馬拉松人口結構的轉變。歷史上，馬拉松主要由年長且經驗豐富的跑者主導，但像倫敦馬拉松這樣的賽事，現在正見證 Z 世代和千禧世代興趣的巨大增長，這通常是由社群媒體上的「跑步俱樂部」所推動的。
EN： Passive Voice (will be + past participle): This structure is used when the action is more important than who is performing it. In formal contexts like news or official announcements, it focuses on the results or the process.
中文： 被動語態（will be + 過去分詞）：此結構用於動作本身比執行者更重要的情況。在新聞或官方公告等正式語境中，它能將焦點集中在結果或過程上。
The winners will be contacted by email next week.
獲勝者將於下週透過電子郵件聯繫。
EN： Preposition 'by' for deadlines: 'By' is used to indicate a deadline or a point in time before which something must happen. It means 'no later than'.
中文： 介系詞 'by' 表示截止時間：'By' 用於表示截止日期或某事必須發生之前的時間點，意指「不遲於」。
Please submit your application by Friday.
請在週五前提交您的申請。
EN： The 'ballot' system is a common way for major world marathons (like London, Tokyo, or Berlin) to handle extreme demand. Because the number of applicants far exceeds the course capacity, a random lottery is used to ensure fairness, though the odds of winning are often very low.
中文： 「抽籤」(ballot) 系統是世界各大馬拉松（如倫敦、東京或柏林馬拉松）處理極高報名需求的常見方式。由於申請人數遠遠超過賽道容量，因此採用隨機抽籤以確保公平，儘管中籤機率通常非常低。
EN： The phrase 'be likely to' is used to express probability or the chance that something will happen. It is followed by the base form of a verb.
中文： 短語「be likely to」用於表達可能性或某事發生的機會。其後接動詞原形。
It is likely to rain this afternoon, so take an umbrella.
今天下午很可能會下雨，所以帶把傘吧。
EN： The conjunction 'because' is used to introduce a subordinate clause that explains the reason for the action or state in the main clause.
中文： 連接詞「because」用於引導從句，解釋主句中動作或狀態的原因。
She stayed home because she was feeling unwell.
她待在家裡是因為她感到身體不適。
EN： The London Marathon uses a 'ballot' system because the number of applicants far exceeds the available spots. This random draw is a common way for major world marathons to ensure fairness among thousands of global hopefuls.
中文： 倫敦馬拉松採用「抽籤」（ballot）制度，是因為申請人數遠遠超過可用名額。這種隨機抽取是世界各大馬拉松賽事的常見做法，以確保全球成千上萬名申請者之間的公平性。
重要單字附有 IPA 發音、定義、例句和互動式測驗。
在本文中： 負責籌劃與管理活動的人員或單位
在本文中： 登記、註冊或報名的行為
在本文中： 參與、參加某項活動的行為
在本文中： 變成兩倍
在本文中： 使命、核心目標或宗旨
在本文中： 激勵、鼓舞
在本文中： 額外的、外加的
在本文中： 對...有吸引力
在本文中： 反映、顯示出
在本文中： 分配、撥給
在本文中： 感到失望的
片語包含類型標示、雙語定義、用法說明和例句。
To do something better, faster, or more than has ever been done before.
再次打破紀錄
To be almost as good, large, or important as something else.
比得上、相提並論
The outcome of a process where winners are chosen by chance or voting.
抽籤結果 / 投票結果
A method of choosing someone or something where everyone has an equal chance, often by picking names out of a container or using a computer.
隨機抽籤