Jiro Ono: Dreams of Sushi小野二郎：壽司之神
聆聽課程
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EN： Appositives: An appositive is a noun or noun phrase that renames another noun right beside it. In this sentence, 'the highest rating a restaurant can achieve' provides more information about 'three Michelin stars'.
中文： 同位語：同位語是指緊跟在另一個名詞後面的名詞或名詞短語，用來重新命名或進一步解釋該名詞。在本句中，「the highest rating a restaurant can achieve」補充說明了「three Michelin stars」的意義。
My brother, a talented chef, works in Paris.
我的哥哥是一位才華橫溢的廚師，他在巴黎工作。
EN： Reduced Relative Clauses: The phrase 'a restaurant can achieve' is a relative clause modifying 'rating'. The relative pronoun 'that' or 'which' is omitted because it functions as the object of the verb 'achieve'.
中文： 省略關係代名詞的關係子句：「a restaurant can achieve」是一個修飾「rating」的關係子句。由於關係代名詞（that 或 which）在子句中擔任動詞「achieve」的受詞，因此可以省略。
This is the best movie I have ever seen.
這是我看過最好看的電影。
EN： The Michelin Guide is the world's most influential restaurant rating system. Three stars signify 'exceptional cuisine, worth a special journey.' Sukiyabashi Jiro, led by Jiro Ono, became a global symbol of Japanese 'shokunin' (craftsmanship) spirit.
中文： 米其林指南是全球最具影響力的餐廳評級系統。三星代表「卓越的烹飪，值得專程前往」。由小野二郎經營的數寄屋橋次郎，已成為日本「職人精神」的全球象徵。
EN： The use of 'the first' followed by a noun and a to-infinitive (to + verb) is a common structure to indicate that someone or something is the first to perform a specific action.
中文： 使用「the first」後接名詞，再搭配不定詞（to + 動詞）是常見的句型，用來表示某人或某物是第一個執行該特定動作的對象。
She was the first person to arrive at the party.
她是第一個到達派對的人。
EN： Prepositional phrases like 'in the world' act as adjectives to modify the preceding noun ('sushi restaurant'), providing specific context or scope.
中文： 介係詞短語如「in the world」在此作為形容詞使用，修飾前面的名詞（sushi restaurant），提供具體的背景或範圍限制。
This is the tallest building in the city.
這是這座城市裡最高的建築。
EN： The Michelin Guide is a prestigious French hotel and restaurant reference guide. Receiving three stars is the highest possible achievement, signifying 'exceptional cuisine, worth a special journey.' In the context of sushi, which was traditionally seen as a simple street food, this was a monumental shift in global culinary perception.
中文： 米其林指南是極具權威的法國酒店與餐廳評鑑指南。獲得三星是最高榮譽，代表「卓越的烹飪，值得專程造訪」。對於傳統上被視為簡單街頭小吃的壽司來說，這標誌著全球烹飪觀念的重大轉變。
EN： Passive Voice (be + past participle): Used when the focus is on the person or thing affected by the action. In this sentence, 'was considered' shows that the public or critics held this opinion about the restaurant.
中文： 被動語態 (be 動詞 + 過去分詞)：用於強調動作的接受者而非執行者。在本句中，「was considered」表示大眾或評論家對這家餐廳的看法。
The local bakery is considered the best in town.
這間當地的麵包店被認為是鎮上最好的。
EN： Compound Adjectives: Words like 'ten-seat' act as a single adjective to describe a noun. Note that the noun within the compound (seat) is singular, even though the number is plural.
中文： 複合形容詞：像「ten-seat」這樣的詞組作為單一形容詞來修飾名詞。請注意，儘管數字是複數，複合詞中的名詞（seat）通常使用單數形式。
We stayed in a five-star hotel during our vacation.
我們度假期間住在一間五星級飯店。
EN： In Japan, high-end sushi restaurants are often located in unexpected places, such as office building basements or subway stations. This reflects a cultural focus on the quality of the craft over the outward luxury of the building's exterior.
中文： 在日本，頂級壽司店往往位於令人意想不到的地方，例如辦公大樓地下室或地鐵站。這反映了一種文化特質：比起建築外觀的奢華，更注重工藝本身的品質。
EN： Past Perfect Tense (had + past participle): Used to describe an action that was completed before another point in time or another action in the past. In this context, it emphasizes the process of transformation that occurred leading up to his fame.
中文： 過去完成式 (had + 過去分詞)：用於描述在過去某個時間點或另一個過去動作之前已經完成的動作。在此語境中，它強調了在他獲得名聲之前所經歷的轉變過程。
The small startup had grown into a massive corporation by 2010.
這家小型初創公司在 2010 年之前已經成長為一家大型企業。
EN： Transform A into B: A common phrasal structure meaning to change something completely from one state or form into another.
中文： Transform A into B：這是一個常見的短語結構，意為將某物從一種狀態或形式完全改變為另一種。
The architect transformed the old warehouse into a modern loft.
建築師將舊倉庫改造成了現代化的閣樓。
EN： The concept of 'humble beginnings' is a recurring theme in Japanese 'Shokunin' (craftsman) culture, where mastery is achieved through decades of repetitive, low-profile work before attaining public acclaim.
中文： 「卑微的起點」(humble beginnings) 是日本「職人」(Shokunin) 文化中反覆出現的主題。在獲得公眾讚譽之前，職人通常需要經過數十年重複性、低調的工作來磨練技藝。
EN： The past participle 'called' acts as a reduced relative clause (which was called), functioning as an adjective to modify the noun 'documentary film'.
中文： 過去分詞「called」在此作為縮減關係子句（原為 which was called），充當形容詞來修飾名詞「documentary film」（紀錄片）。
A book called 'The Great Gatsby' is on the table.
一本名為《大亨小傳》的書在桌子上。
EN： The verb 'show' follows the pattern 'show something to someone', where 'something' is the direct object and 'someone' is the indirect object preceded by the preposition 'to'.
中文： 動詞「show」遵循「show something to someone」的句型，其中「something」是直接受詞，「someone」是接在介系詞「to」之後的間接受詞。
She showed her new painting to her friends.
她向朋友們展示了她的新畫作。
EN： The film 'Jiro Dreams of Sushi' (2011) brought international fame to Jiro Ono and popularized the Japanese concept of 'shokunin' (craftsman) in the West, emphasizing that mastery comes from repetitive, lifelong dedication.
中文： 2011年的紀錄片《壽司之神》讓小野二郎聲名大噪，並向西方世界推廣了日本的「職人」（shokunin）精神，強調卓越源於日復一日、終其一生的奉獻。
EN： The sentence uses 'Reduced Relative Clauses' or 'Participial Phrases' (waking, going) to describe simultaneous actions or states. These present participles function as modifiers to the subject 'He', providing additional detail about his routine without needing a new conjunction like 'and'.
中文： 本句使用了「分詞修飾語」（waking, going）來描述同時發生的動作或狀態。這些現在分詞作為主詞「He」的修飾語，在不需要連接詞（如 and）的情況下，為其日常活動提供額外細節。
She sat by the window, watching the rain fall.
她坐在窗邊，看著雨落下。
EN： The phrase 'in his mid-eighties' uses the possessive adjective + 'mid-' + 'decade' to express a specific range within a ten-year period (approximately 84-86 years old).
中文： 片語「in his mid-eighties」使用所有格形容詞加上「mid-」與「年代名詞」，用來表達某個十年階段中的特定範圍（大約 84-86 歲）。
He started his own business in his late twenties.
他在二十多歲快三十歲時開始了自己的事業。
EN： In Japanese culture, the concept of 'Shokunin' (craftsman) involves a lifelong commitment to one's craft. Jiro's routine of going to the fish market personally even in his 80s exemplifies this dedication, as most high-end chefs rely on suppliers once they reach a certain level of fame.
中文： 在日本文化中，「職人」（Shokunin）的概念包含對自身工藝的終身奉獻。小野二郎即便在 80 多歲時仍堅持親自前往魚市場，體現了這種敬業精神；大多數頂級廚師在達到一定名聲後，通常會依賴供應商送貨。
EN： Present Participle Phrase (-ing) for Result or Purpose: The phrase 'ensuring its quality' acts as a participle phrase that explains the purpose or result of the main action.
中文： 現在分詞短語 (-ing) 表示結果或目的：'ensuring its quality' 作為分詞短語，用來解釋主句動作的目的或隨之而來的結果。
She studied late into the night, preparing for her final exam.
她讀書到深夜，為期末考試做準備。
EN： Past Continuous Tense: Formed with 'was/were + verb-ing', it describes an ongoing action in the past, emphasizing the process.
中文： 過去進行式：由 'was/were + 動詞-ing' 構成，描述過去某個時間點正在進行的動作，強調過程的持續性。
They were watching a movie when the phone rang.
電話響起時，他們正在看電影。
EN： This sentence reflects the Japanese concept of 'Shokunin' (craftsman), where the master remains hands-on even at a high level of success, believing that personal involvement is the only way to guarantee perfection.
中文： 這句話反映了日本的「職人」精神。即使獲得了巨大的成功，大師依然堅持親力親為，認為唯有親自參與才能保證完美的品質。
EN： Passive Voice with 'be amazed by': This structure uses the past participle 'amazed' as an adjective to describe a state caused by an external factor. The preposition 'by' introduces the agent or cause of the feeling.
中文： 被動語態與 'be amazed by'：此結構使用過去分詞 'amazed' 作為形容詞，描述由外部因素引起的狀態。介系詞 'by' 用來引出引起該感覺的主體或原因。
The tourists were amazed by the breathtaking view of the mountains.
遊客們對那壯麗的山景感到驚訝。
EN： Noun Phrase with Prepositional Modifiers: The subject 'Audiences' is modified by 'around the world', and the object of the preposition 'dedication' is modified by 'to his craft'. This creates complex, descriptive layers within a sentence.
中文： 帶有介系詞修飾語的名詞短語：主詞 'Audiences' 由 'around the world' 修飾，而介系詞受詞 'dedication' 則由 'to his craft' 修飾。這在句子中創造了複雜且具描述性的層次。
Her commitment to her studies earned her a scholarship.
她對學業的投入為她贏得了獎學金。
EN： The term 'craft' in this context refers to 'Shokunin Kishitsu' (craftsman spirit). In Japanese culture, this involves a lifelong pursuit of perfection in one's work, no matter how repetitive or simple the task may seem.
中文： 這裡的 'craft'（工藝）一詞呼應了日本文化中的「職人氣質」。這包含了一個人對其工作的終身追求完美，無論該任務看起來多麼重複或簡單。
EN： The Passive Voice (be + past participle) is used here ('are allowed') to show that the permission is granted by someone else (the master), emphasizing the rules of the establishment rather than the person giving permission.
中文： 被動語態（be 動詞 + 過去分詞）在此處（are allowed）被用來表示許可由他人（師傅）授予，強調的是體制的規範而非授予許可的人。
Students are not allowed to use their phones during the exam.
學生在考試期間不被允許使用手機。
EN： The conjunction 'before' introduces a subordinate clause of time, indicating that the action in the main clause (spending ten years) must occur prior to the action in the 'before' clause.
中文： 連接詞「before」引導一個時間從屬子句，表示主句的動作（花費十年）必須發生在「before」子句的動作之前。
You should wash your hands before you eat dinner.
你應該在吃晚餐前洗手。
EN： In traditional Japanese crafts, the 'shokunin' (artisan) system involves a long period of apprenticeship. Making 'tamago' (sweet omelet) is often the final test for a sushi apprentice because it requires extreme temperature control and patience, despite appearing simple.
中文： 在傳統日本工藝中，「職人」制度包含漫長的學徒期。製作「玉子燒」（甜蛋捲）通常是壽司學徒的最終考驗，因為儘管看似簡單，它卻需要極致的溫度控制與耐心。
EN： Passive Voice (be + past participle): Used when the focus is on the recipient of the action rather than the performer. In this case, 'Tamago' is the subject receiving the action of being 'considered'.
中文： 被動語態 (be + 過去分詞)：當重點在於動作的承受者而非執行者時使用。在此句中，「Tamago (玉子燒)」是承受「被認為」這個動作的主詞。
The project is considered a success by the team.
該專案被團隊認為是一個成功。
EN： Parallel Structure with 'but': This sentence uses the conjunction 'but' to connect two predicates that share the same subject ('Tamago'). Both parts must agree with the subject in terms of number and tense.
中文： 使用 'but' 的對等結構：本句使用連接詞 'but' 來連接共享同一個主詞 (Tamago) 的兩個謂語。這兩個部分在單複數與時態上必須與主詞保持一致。
The car is old but runs very smoothly.
這輛車雖然舊，但跑起來非常順暢。
EN： In high-end sushi culture, 'Tamago' (egg sushi) is often used as a test of a chef's skill. Because it involves delicate heat control and seasoning, it reveals the apprentice's patience and attention to detail, which are core values of a 'shokunin' (craftsman).
中文： 在高階壽司文化中，「Tamago」(玉子燒) 常被用來測試廚師的功力。由於它涉及細膩的火候控制與調味，能展現學徒的耐心與對細節的關注，這正是「職人」(shokunin) 精神的核心價值。
EN： Noun Clause as Object: The word 'that' introduces a subordinate clause that functions as the direct object of the verb 'believes'. It explains exactly what the subject believes.
中文： 名詞子句作為受詞：單字 'that' 引導一個從屬子句，該子句在句中擔任動詞 'believes' 的直接受詞，用來詳細說明主體所相信的內容。
She believes that hard work leads to success.
她相信努力會帶來成功。
EN： Compound Predicate: A single subject ('shortcuts') performs two actions connected by the conjunction 'and' ('produce' and 'compromise'). Both verbs must agree with the subject.
中文： 複合謂語：單一主詞（shortcuts）執行了由連接詞 'and' 連接的兩個動作（produce 和 compromise）。這兩個動詞都必須與主詞保持一致。
Exercise improves health and boosts energy.
運動能改善健康並提升活力。
EN： This sentence reflects the Japanese concept of 'Shokunin' (craftsmanship), which emphasizes extreme attention to detail, repetition, and the rejection of easy paths to achieve perfection.
中文： 這句話反映了日本的「職人精神」（Shokunin），強調對細節的極致追求、不斷重複的磨練，以及拒絕為了追求完美而走捷徑的態度。
EN： The verb 'emphasize' is followed by a 'that-clause' which functions as a noun clause (the direct object). This structure is used to report a statement or belief with strong importance.
中文： 動詞 'emphasize'（強調）後接 'that' 引導的名詞子句作為受詞。這種結構常用於正式表達某個重要的觀點或信念。
The coach emphasized that teamwork is the key to victory.
教練強調團隊合作是勝利的關鍵。
EN： The word 'requires' is a transitive verb in the simple present tense, used here to express a general truth or a necessary condition. Since 'true mastery' is an uncountable singular noun, the verb takes the '-s' ending.
中文： 動詞 'requires'（需要/要求）在此使用現在簡單式來表達普遍真理或必要條件。由於主詞 'true mastery' 是不可數單數名詞，動詞須加 '-s'。
Success requires hard work and patience.
成功需要努力與耐心。
EN： The sentence reflects the Japanese concept of 'Shokunin Kishitsu' (craftsman spirit), which values the relentless pursuit of perfection through repetitive practice and lifelong commitment to one's work.
中文： 這句話反映了日本的「職人氣質」（Shokunin Kishitsu）概念，強調透過重複練習與對工作終身的投入，不懈地追求完美。
EN： The Present Participle (-ing) as a Reduced Relative Clause: 'Embodying' acts as a participle phrase that provides additional information about the subject (Jiro). It functions similarly to 'and he embodies' or 'who embodies'.
中文： 現在分詞 (-ing) 作為簡化子句：'Embodying' 在此作為分詞短語，用來補充說明主詞（二郎）的狀態或動作，功能等同於 'and he embodies' 或 'who embodies'。
She sat by the window, watching the rain fall.
她坐在窗邊，看著雨落下。
EN： Prepositional Phrase 'Past the age of': This phrase is used to indicate a point in time or a stage of life that has been exceeded.
中文： 介係詞短語 'Past the age of'：此短語用於表示超過了某個特定的年齡或生命階段。
He is still very active past the age of 80.
他在 80 歲之後依然非常活躍。
EN： The term 'shokunin' (職人) in Japanese culture goes beyond just being a 'craftsman.' It implies a social obligation to work one's best for the general welfare of the people and a spiritual commitment to perfect one's craft.
中文： 日文中的「職人」(shokunin) 不僅僅是指「工匠」。它隱含了一種為大眾福祉盡最大努力的社會義務，以及追求技藝完美的一種精神承諾。
EN： Imperative Mood: This sentence uses the imperative mood to give advice or instructions. It starts with an adverb (always) followed by the base form of the verb (look), omitting the subject 'you'.
中文： 祈使句：此句子使用祈使句來提供建議或指令。它以副詞 (always) 開頭，後接動詞原形 (look)，省略了主詞 'you'。
Always check the weather before you go hiking.
在去健行之前，務必先查看天氣。
EN： Infinitive as an Adjective: The phrase 'to improve' is a to-infinitive that functions as an adjective, modifying the noun 'ways' to specify what kind of ways are being discussed.
中文： 不定詞作為形容詞：短語 'to improve' 是一個不定詞，其功能如同形容詞，用來修飾名詞 'ways'，說明是哪種「方法」。
She found a new way to solve the problem.
她找到了一個解決問題的新方法。
EN： The word 'craft' in this context refers to 'Shokunin Kishitsu' (craftsman spirit), a Japanese concept of mastery through lifelong dedication, precision, and constant self-improvement.
中文： 這裡的 'craft'（手藝/工藝）對應日本的「職人氣質」。這是一種透過終身奉獻、精益求精和不斷自我提升來達到卓越境界的精神。
EN： The Present Perfect Tense ('has never made') is used to describe an experience or action that occurred at an unspecified time in the past and continues to be relevant to the present.
中文： 現在完成式（has never made）用於描述過去某個不確定時間點發生的經驗或動作，且該動作與現在仍有相關性。
She has never traveled to Japan before.
她以前從未去過日本旅行。
EN： Ellipsis in the future tense ('never will') is used to avoid repetition. Here, 'never will' is short for 'never will make a perfect piece of sushi'.
中文： 未來式中的省略用法（never will）用於避免重複。在這裡，'never will' 是 'never will make a perfect piece of sushi' 的縮寫。
I haven't finished the report, but I soon will.
我還沒完成報告，但我很快就會完成。
EN： This sentence reflects the Japanese philosophy of 'Kaizen' (continuous improvement) and the 'Shokunin' spirit. Even a world-renowned master like Jiro believes perfection is an unattainable goal that one must constantly strive for, showing deep humility and dedication.
中文： 這句話反映了日本的「改善」（Kaizen）哲學與「職人精神」。即使是像小野二郎這樣享譽世界的專業人士，也認為完美是一個必須不斷追求但永無止境的目標，展現了極深的謙遜與奉獻精神。
EN： The sentence uses a 'What-clause' as a nominal clause acting as a subject complement. This structure emphasizes the reason or thing that performs an action.
中文： 本句使用了「What 引導的名詞子句」作為主詞補語。這種結構常用來強調執行某個動作的原因或事物。
What she needs is a long vacation.
她所需要的是一個長假。
EN： The dash (—) is used here to introduce an appositive, providing a definition or further explanation for the Japanese term 'shokunin'.
中文： 破折號 (—) 在此處用於引導同位語，針對日語詞彙「shokunin (職人)」提供定義或進一步的解釋。
He is a polyglot — a person who knows several languages.
他是一位通曉多種語言的人——也就是一個懂好幾種語言的人。
EN： The Japanese term 'shokunin' (職人) translates to 'craftsman' or 'artisan,' but it carries a deeper cultural meaning in Japan. It implies a social obligation to work one's best for the welfare of the people and a spiritual commitment to perfecting one's craft through lifelong repetition and dedication.
中文： 日語詞彙「職人」(shokunin) 雖然翻譯為「工匠」或「藝匠」，但在日本文化中含有更深層的意義。它隱含了一種為大眾福祉盡心盡力的社會義務，以及透過終身不斷重複與奉獻來追求技藝完美的精神承諾。
重要單字附有 IPA 發音、定義、例句和互動式測驗。
在本文中： 公認、認可或表彰
在本文中： 堅定不移的、毫不動搖的
在本文中： 學徒、徒弟
在本文中： 執行、實施（指技術上的完成度）
在本文中： 捷徑、投機取巧的方法
在本文中： 較差的、次等的
在本文中： 損害、危及（原則或品質）
在本文中： 精通、熟練、掌握
在本文中： 體現、具體表現
在本文中： 工匠、手藝人
片語包含類型標示、雙語定義、用法說明和例句。
Starting from a low social, financial, or professional status.
出身卑微、白手起家
Among the best in the world.
世界一流的、世界級的
The usual series of activities that someone does every day.
日常慣例、例行公事
Complete commitment and hard work toward a specific skill or profession.
對自身工藝/專業的奉獻
The degree of skill or technical proficiency with which a task is performed or a work of art is created.
技法、完成度、表現力
To weaken, damage, or lower the standards of something, such as quality or reputation.
損害、降低（標準）、危及
A professional trade or skill, especially one involving practical skills and manual dexterity, pursued as a lifelong calling.
專業技藝、手藝、職人之技
A Japanese term for a master craftsman who is deeply dedicated to their craft and feels a social obligation to work their best.
職人