Jiro Ono: The Sushi Master's Beginning小野二郎：壽司之神的起點
聆聽課程
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EN： Possessive Nouns ('s): Used to show ownership or relationship. When a name ends in 'o', we add an apostrophe and 's'.
中文： 所有格名詞 ('s)：用於表示所有權或關係。當名字以字母 'o' 結尾時，我們直接加上撇號和 's'。
The chef's knife is very sharp.
這位廚師的刀非常鋒利。
EN： Past Simple Tense: Used to describe completed actions or states in the past. 'Began' is the irregular past tense of 'begin'.
中文： 一般過去時：用於描述過去已經完成的動作或狀態。「Began」是「begin」的不規則過去式。
The movie began ten minutes ago.
電影在十分鐘前開始了。
EN： Jiro Ono is a world-renowned sushi master. Starting from a 'small town' emphasizes his humble beginnings (shusshin), a common theme in Japanese success stories that value perseverance.
中文： 小野二郎是享譽世界的壽司之神。故事從「小鎮」開始，強調了他卑微的出身（出身），這是日本成功故事中常見的主題，用以突顯後天的毅力與奮鬥。
EN： The Past Simple tense is used to describe completed actions in the past. Here, 'abandoned' is the past form of the regular verb 'abandon'.
中文： 過去簡單式（Past Simple）用於描述過去已完成的動作。在此句中，'abandoned' 是規則動詞 'abandon' 的過去式。
She finished her homework late last night.
她昨晚很晚才完成作業。
EN： A time clause starting with 'when' provides the temporal context for the main action. It functions as an adverbial clause of time.
中文： 由 'when' 引導的時間子句為主要動作提供了時間背景。它在句中充當時間副詞子句。
I lived in London when I was a student.
我當學生時住在倫敦。
EN： In the context of Jiro Ono's life, this sentence highlights the extreme hardship he faced from a very young age, which is a common theme in 'shokunin' (craftsman) stories where early struggle builds character and discipline.
中文： 在小野二郎的生平背景中，這句話強調了他從小面臨的極端困境。這在「職人」故事中是一個常見的主題，即早年的磨難造就了堅韌的性格與紀律。
EN： Reported Speech with 'tell': The verb 'tell' is followed by an indirect object (him) and a 'that' clause (the reported information). In this past tense context, the reported clause uses 'had' to maintain backshift consistency.
中文： 間接引述與動詞 tell：動詞 tell 後方接間接受詞（him）以及由 that 引導的名詞子句。在此過去式語境中，子句動詞使用 had 以符合時態一致性。
She told me that she was ready to leave.
她告訴我她準備好要離開了。
EN： Infinitive as Adjective: The phrase 'to come back to' acts as an adjective modifying the noun 'home'. The preposition 'to' is necessary because you come back 'to' a home.
中文： 不定詞作為形容詞：片語 'to come back to' 作為形容詞修飾名詞 'home'。介係詞 'to' 是必須的，因為語意上是回到（come back to）一個家。
I have no friends to talk to.
我沒有可以說話的朋友。
EN： In traditional Japanese apprenticeship (shugyo), the severing of ties with one's past or family was sometimes seen as a way to ensure total devotion to the craft. Jiro's father's harsh words, while tragic, forced him into a path of self-reliance that defined his career.
中文： 在傳統的日本學徒制度（修行）中，與過去或家庭斷絕關係有時被視為確保對工藝完全投入的一種方式。小野二郎父親那番嚴厲的話雖然悲慘，卻迫使他走上自力更生的道路，這也定義了他的職業生涯。
EN： The verb 'begin' can be followed by a gerund (V-ing) to indicate the start of an ongoing activity or habit. In this context, 'working' functions as the direct object of the verb.
中文： 動詞 'begin' 後面可以接動名詞 (V-ing) 來表示開始一項持續性的活動或習慣。在此語境中，'working' 作為該動詞的直接受詞。
She began studying French last summer.
她去年夏天開始學習法語。
EN： The 'to-infinitive' (to + verb) is used here as an adverbial of purpose, explaining 'why' the action was performed. It is a shortened form of 'in order to'.
中文： 不定詞 (to + 原型動詞) 在此處用作目的副詞，解釋「為什麼」執行該動作。它是 'in order to' 的縮寫形式。
He saved money to buy a new car.
他存錢是為了買一輛新車。
EN： The 'apprentice' (shugyo) system in Japan is a traditional method of learning a craft through years of observation and menial tasks before being allowed to handle core responsibilities.
中文： 日本的「修行」（學徒制）是一種傳統的工藝學習方法，在被允許處理核心職責之前，需要經過多年觀察和從事瑣碎的基礎工作。
EN： The Present Participle Phrase (V-ing) is used here as a reduced relative clause or a modifier to describe a simultaneous action or a result of the main clause. 'Enduring' explains the state or consequence of his actions.
中文： 現在分詞短語 (V-ing) 在此處用作修飾語，描述與主句動作同時發生的情況或結果。「Enduring」解釋了他洗碗和睡在地板時所處的狀態或其帶來的後果。
She sat by the window, watching the rain fall.
她坐在窗邊，看著雨落下。
EN： Compound Predicate: This sentence uses two verbs ('washed' and 'slept') connected by the conjunction 'and' to show a sequence or combination of actions performed by the same subject.
中文： 複合謂語：本句使用連接詞「and」連接兩個動詞（washed 和 slept），用以表示同一主體所執行的一系列或組合動作。
He finished his homework and went to bed.
他完成了作業並上床睡覺。
EN： In traditional Japanese culinary arts, the 'shugyo' (apprenticeship) is notoriously rigorous. Starting from the very bottom—washing dishes and cleaning—is seen as a necessary test of character and dedication before one is allowed to handle food.
中文： 在傳統日本料理界，「修行」（學徒制）以嚴苛聞名。從最底層的工作（如洗碗和打掃）做起，被視為在獲准接觸食材前，對人格與奉獻精神的必要考驗。
EN： The possessive case ('s) is used to show ownership or relationship. Here, it indicates that the apprenticeship belongs to Jiro.
中文： 所有格（'s）用於表示所有權或關係。在這裡，它表示學徒期是屬於二郎的。
The chef's knife is very sharp.
這位廚師的刀非常鋒利。
EN： Compound adjectives (long and demanding) are used here to modify the noun 'process'. 'Demanding' is a present participle used as an adjective meaning 'requiring much effort'.
中文： 複合形容詞（long and demanding）在此用於修飾名詞「過程（process）」。其中「demanding」是現在分詞當形容詞用，意為「要求極高的」或「費力的」。
The marathon was a long and exhausting race.
馬拉松是一場漫長且令人筋疲力竭的比賽。
EN： In Japanese culture, 'shugyo' (apprenticeship/training) is often seen as a spiritual and character-building journey, not just a job. It emphasizes patience, repetition, and total dedication to a craft, which is why Jiro's process took so many years.
中文： 在日本文化中，「修行」（學徒訓練）通常被視為一種精神與性格磨練的旅程，而不僅僅是一份工作。它強調耐心、重複以及對工藝的全心投入，這也是為什麼二郎的訓練過程需要花費這麼多年的時間。
EN： The structure 'spend + time + (in) V-ing' is used to indicate how much time is dedicated to a specific activity. The preposition 'in' is almost always omitted in modern English.
中文： 動詞 spend 的用法為「spend + 時間 + V-ing」，用來表示花費多少時間在某項活動上。在現代英語中，介系詞 in 通常會被省略。
She spent three months preparing for the exam.
她花了三個月的時間準備考試。
EN： Present Participle Phrase: The phrase 'mastering every grain' is a participle phrase that functions as an adverbial, describing a simultaneous action or a result of the main clause.
中文： 現在分詞片語：'mastering every grain' 是一個分詞片語，在此作為副詞修飾語，用來描述與主句動作同時發生或作為其結果的狀態。
He walked out of the room, closing the door behind him.
他走出房間，順手關上了門。
EN： In Japanese culinary culture, specifically Shokunin (craftsmanship), mastering the basics like rice (shari) is considered the most critical foundation. It often takes a decade of apprenticeship before a chef is allowed to handle the fish.
中文： 在日本料理文化中，特別是「職人」精神，精通像醋飯（shari）這樣的基礎被認為是最關鍵的根基。學徒通常需要經過十年的磨練，才被允許開始處理魚料。
EN： The verb 'spend' follows the pattern 'spend + time + V-ing'. It indicates the amount of time dedicated to a specific activity.
中文： 動詞 'spend' 的用法為 'spend + 時間 + V-ing'。這表示投入特定活動的時間量。
She spent three hours practicing the piano.
她花了三個小時練習鋼琴。
EN： The use of the infinitive 'to properly prepare' acts as the object of the gerund 'learning', explaining what was being learned.
中文： 不定詞 'to properly prepare' 作為動名詞 'learning' 的受詞，解釋了學習的內容。
He is learning to speak French.
他正在學習說法語。
EN： In Japanese culinary tradition, especially in sushi making (Shokunin), mastery is seen as a lifelong journey. Spending years on a single task like preparing fish reflects the 'Kodawari' mindset—the pursuit of perfection through relentless practice.
中文： 在日本料理傳統中，特別是壽司製作（職人精神），技藝的精通被視為終身的旅程。花費數年時間僅為了學習處理魚類，反映了「拘泥（Kodawari）」的心態——即透過不懈的練習追求完美。
EN： The comparative structure 'longer than' is used to compare the duration of two things. In this sentence, it compares the actual time taken ('took') with the hypothetical time imagined by others ('could imagine').
中文： 比較級結構「longer than」（比...更長）用於比較兩件事的持續時間。在本句中，它將實際花費的時間（took）與他人所能想像的虛擬時間（could imagine）進行比較。
The flight to London took longer than I expected.
飛往倫敦的航班花費的時間比我預期的要長。
EN： The modal verb 'could' is used here to express possibility or ability in a hypothetical sense, indicating what people are capable of imagining.
中文： 助動詞「could」在此處用於表達假設語氣中的可能性或能力，表示人們「能夠」想像的程度。
He ran faster than anyone could believe.
他跑得比任何人都敢相信的還要快。
EN： This sentence reflects the Japanese concept of 'Shokunin' (craftsmanship), which emphasizes extreme dedication, repetition, and a lifelong commitment to perfecting one's craft, often involving timeframes that seem excessive by modern Western standards.
中文： 這句話反映了日本的「職人精神」（Shokunin），強調極致的專注、重複以及終身致力於完善技藝。這種精神所投入的時間成本，以現代西方標準來看往往顯得超乎尋常。
EN： The noun 'dedication' is often followed by the preposition 'to' to indicate the object of one's commitment. Note that 'to' here is a preposition, so it must be followed by a noun or a gerund (V-ing).
中文： 名詞 dedication（奉獻/投入）通常後接介係詞 to，用來表示投入的對象。請注意這裡的 to 是介係詞，因此後面必須接名詞或動名詞。
Her dedication to teaching inspired all of her students.
她對教學的投入啟發了她所有的學生。
EN： The adjective 'key' can function as a subject complement after the linking verb 'be' to describe something as essential or crucial. It is frequently followed by 'to' + [noun/gerund].
中文： 形容詞 key（關鍵的）可以在連綴動詞（如 be 動詞）後擔任主詞補語，用來描述某事是不可或缺的。它經常搭配 to + [名詞/動名詞] 的結構。
Regular exercise is key to maintaining good health.
規律運動是維持健康的關鍵。
EN： The sentence reflects the Japanese concept of 'Shokunin' (craftsman), which emphasizes social obligation, a deep commitment to one's craft, and the pursuit of perfection through endless repetition.
中文： 這句話反映了日本的「職人精神」（Shokunin），強調對社會的責任感、對工藝的高度投入，以及透過無止盡的重複來追求完美的極致表現。
EN： The adverb 'eventually' is used to describe something that happens after a long time or a lot of effort. It is typically placed between the subject and the main verb.
中文： 副詞「eventually」(最終) 用於描述在長時間或付出大量努力後發生的事情。它通常置於主詞與主要動詞之間。
After years of hard work, she eventually became a doctor.
經過多年的努力，她最終成為了一名醫生。
EN： Apposition (Appositive): 'Sukiyabashi Jiro' is an appositive noun phrase that follows 'his own sushi restaurant' to provide specific identification or additional information about it.
中文： 同位語 (Appositive)：「Sukiyabashi Jiro」是一個同位語名詞短語，緊跟在「his own sushi restaurant」之後，用以提供該餐廳的具體名稱或額外資訊。
My brother, a talented artist, won the competition.
我的哥哥，一位有才華的藝術家，贏得了比賽。
EN： Sukiyabashi Jiro is one of the world's most famous sushi restaurants, once holding three Michelin stars. The name combines 'Sukiyabashi' (a location in Ginza, Tokyo) and the chef's name, 'Jiro'.
中文： 數寄屋橋次郎 (Sukiyabashi Jiro) 是世界上最著名的壽司店之一，曾獲得米其林三星。店名結合了「數寄屋橋」（位於東京銀座的地名）與主廚的名字「次郎」。
EN： The Passive Voice (be + past participle) is used here to describe the location of a building or place. 'Located' functions as a participle describing the state of the subject.
中文： 被動語態 (be + 過去分詞) 在此處用於描述建築物或地點的位置。「Located」作為分詞，描述主詞所處的狀態。
The museum is located near the central park.
這間博物館位於中央公園附近。
EN： Parallel Structure with 'and' allows a single subject ('It') to perform two actions or have two states: being located somewhere and having a certain number of seats.
中文： 使用對等連接詞「and」的平行結構，讓單一主詞（It）可以同時執行兩個動作或擁有兩種狀態：位於某處以及擁有特定數量的座位。
The hotel is small and has a beautiful garden.
這間飯店規模很小，且擁有一個漂亮的花園。
EN： In Japan, many world-class restaurants are located in unexpected places like subway stations or office basements. This reflects a focus on the quality of the food and craftsmanship over the grandeur of the building's exterior.
中文： 在日本，許多世界級的餐廳位於意想不到的地方，如地鐵站或辦公大樓的地下室。這反映了日本文化中對食物品質與匠人精神的重視，而非建築外觀的宏偉。
EN： The conjunctive adverb 'instead' is used to introduce a substitute or an alternative to what was previously mentioned. It often follows a semicolon or starts a new sentence to show contrast.
中文： 連接副詞「instead」用於引進前述內容的替代方案或選擇。它通常接在分號後面或用於新句子的開頭，以表示對比。
The store didn't have any milk; instead, I bought some soy milk.
那家店沒有牛奶了；取而代之的是，我買了一些豆漿。
EN： The semicolon (;) is used to link two independent clauses that are closely related in thought, acting as a stronger break than a comma but a weaker one than a period.
中文： 分號 (;) 用於連接兩個在思想上緊密相關的獨立子句，其停頓語氣比逗號強，但比句號弱。
She loves to travel; her brother prefers to stay at home.
她熱愛旅行；她的哥哥則偏好待在家裡。
EN： 'Omakase' is a Japanese phrase that means 'I'll leave it up to you.' In a sushi restaurant, it refers to a meal consisting of dishes selected by the chef based on seasonal availability and the chef's expertise, rather than the customer ordering from a menu.
中文： 「Omakase」（お任せ）是一個日語詞彙，意思是「交給你了」。在壽司店中，這指的是一種由主廚根據當季食材和專業技術親自挑選菜色的用餐形式，而非由顧客看菜單點餐。
EN： Passive Voice (be + past participle): Used when the focus is on the action or the receiver of the action rather than the doer. In this sentence, 'was prepared' emphasizes the process of making the sushi.
中文： 被動語態 (be 動詞 + 過去分詞)：用於強調動作本身或動作的接受者，而非執行者。在本句中，「was prepared」強調了壽司被製作的過程。
The ancient temple was built with traditional techniques.
這座古廟是用傳統技術建造的。
EN： Past Participle as Adjective: The word 'accumulated' is a past participle functioning as an adjective to describe the noun 'knowledge and skill', indicating that these qualities were gathered over time.
中文： 過去分詞當形容詞：單字「accumulated」是過去分詞，在此作為形容詞修飾名詞「knowledge and skill」，表示這些知識與技能是隨著時間推移而累積起來的。
The accumulated snow blocked the entrance.
堆積的積雪堵住了入口。
EN： The sentence reflects the Japanese concept of 'Shokunin' (craftsman), which emphasizes a lifelong dedication to mastering a single craft through repetition and extreme attention to detail.
中文： 這句話反映了日本的「職人精神」(Shokunin)，強調透過不斷重複與對細節的極致追求，終其一生致力於精通一門技藝。
EN： The verb 'allow' follows the pattern 'allow + object + to-infinitive'. It indicates that a situation or person provides the opportunity or permission for an action to occur.
中文： 動詞 'allow' 遵循 'allow + 受詞 + 不定詞 (to V)' 的句型。它表示某種情況或某人提供了機會或許可，讓某個動作得以發生。
The new software allowed the team to complete the project faster.
這套新軟體讓團隊能夠更快地完成專案。
EN： The use of 'to truly shine' features an infinitive with an intensifying adverb. In this context, 'shine' is a metaphorical use meaning to excel or show exceptional talent.
中文： 使用 'to truly shine' 包含了不定詞與強化語氣的副詞。在此語境中，'shine' 是隱喻用法，意指表現卓越或展現非凡的才華。
She needs a stage where her talent can truly shine.
她需要一個能讓她的才華真正發光發熱的舞台。
EN： In Japanese culture, 'Shokunin' (craftsman) refers to an artisan who deeply focuses on their craft. The 'intimate setting' of a small sushi bar is essential for the direct interaction between the chef and the customer, which is a hallmark of high-end Edomae sushi.
中文： 在日本文化中，「職人」(Shokunin) 指的是對自己的工藝極度專注的匠人。小型壽司店這種「親密的環境」對於廚師與顧客之間的直接互動至關重要，這也是高級江戶前壽司的一大特色。
重要單字附有 IPA 發音、定義、例句和互動式測驗。
在本文中： 遺棄、拋棄
在本文中： 學徒、見習生
在本文中： 忍受、忍耐（艱苦的環境）
在本文中： 要求極高的、費力的
在本文中： 精通、熟練掌握
在本文中： 奉獻、一心一意的投入
在本文中： 累積的、聚積的
在本文中： 溫馨私密的、親近的
在本文中： 工藝、手藝、匠心
片語包含類型標示、雙語定義、用法說明和例句。
To return to a place or a person.
回到、歸來
A meal consisting of dishes selected by the chef.
無菜單料理體驗
To show one's best qualities or talents in a clear way.
大放異彩、展現光芒
In the context of traditional Japanese crafts (Shokunin), a trainee who undergoes rigorous, often menial, long-term training to master a skill.
學徒 / 弟子