EN： The Present Perfect tense ('have recovered') is used to describe an action that started or happened in the past and has relevance or visible results in the present. It contrasts with the Past Simple ('destroyed') used for an event finished at a specific time in 2022.
中文： 現在完成式（'have recovered'）用來描述過去發生且對當前具有關聯或可見成果的動作。這與句子後半部用來指 2022 年特定過去時間點的過去簡單式（'destroyed'）形成對比。
Tourist numbers have increased significantly since the new airport opened.
自新機場啟用以來，遊客人數大幅增加。
EN： The time phrase 'three years after...' introduces an adverbial clause of time. Notice the structure: [time duration] + 'after' + [subject + past tense verb], which specifies how much time passed after a previous event occurred.
中文： 時間片語「three years after...」引導時間副詞子句。其結構為：[時間長度] + 'after' + [主詞 + 過去式動詞]，用來說明在前一事件發生之後經過了多少時間。
He returned home two months after the war ended.
戰爭結束兩個月後，他回到了家鄉。
EN： In 2022, the UK and Europe experienced unprecedented outbreaks of High Pathogenicity Avian Influenza (HPAI / bird flu), which devastated wild seabird populations nesting along coastal cliffs and nature reserves.
中文： 2022 年，英國與歐洲爆發了前所未見的高病原性禽流感（HPAI），重創了在沿海懸崖與自然保護區築巢的野生海鳥族群。
EN： Passive Voice in the Past Simple ('was/were + past participle'): Used when the focus is on the recipient of the action or the result, rather than the agent performing it. Here, 'was killed' focuses on the birds' fate.
中文： 過去簡單式的被動語態（was/were + 過去分詞）：用於將焦點放在接受動作的對象或結果，而非主動執行者。此處 'was killed' 強調燕鷗遭受撲殺或病死的命運。
Many historic trees were destroyed by the hurricane last autumn.
去年秋天，許多歷史悠久的老樹被颶風摧毀了。
EN： Determiner 'Every' + Singular Countable Noun: 'Every' refers to all members of a group considered individually, and it always takes a singular noun and a singular verb (e.g., 'every sandwich tern was...', not 'were').
中文： 限定詞 'Every' 接單數可數名詞：'Every' 指某個群體中的「每一個」個別成員，後面必須接單數名詞，並搭配單數動詞（如本句中的 'every sandwich tern was...'，不可用複數動詞 were）。
Every student in the classroom was listening carefully.
教室裡的每一位學生都在認真聽講。
EN： The 'sandwich tern' (Thalasseus sandvicensis) gets its common English name from the town of Sandwich in Kent, England, where it was first identified and described in the late 18th century. It has no connection to food sandwiches, although the town itself gave rise to both words.
中文： 「白嘴端鳳頭燕鷗」（Sandwich tern）的英文名稱源自英格蘭肯特郡的市鎮「桑威奇」（Sandwich）。這種海鳥於 18 世紀末在當地首次被記錄並命名。雖然它的名字與我們平時吃的「三明治」字面上完全相同，且兩者詞源皆來自該城鎮，但鳥名純粹是指其發現地點，與食物三明治並無關聯。
EN： The present perfect tense ('has grown') is used here to describe an action that started in the past and has an important result or continuation into the present moment ('Today').
中文： 現在完成式（has grown）在此用來描述過去開始並持續影響或延續至當前時刻（Today）的動作或狀態，強調與現狀的關聯。
The local population has increased significantly over the past five years.
在過去五年間，當地人口已顯著增加。
EN： A non-defining relative clause introduced by 'which' provides supplementary, non-essential information about the preceding noun phrase ('756 breeding pairs'). It is always separated by a comma.
中文： 由 'which' 引導的非限定關係子句，用來對前面的先行詞（756 breeding pairs）提供補充性資訊，前後必須以逗號隔開。
She planted ten apple trees, which produced delicious fruit last autumn.
她種了十棵蘋果樹，那些樹在去年秋天結出了美味的果實。
EN： In ornithology and wildlife conservation reporting, bird populations are commonly counted in 'breeding pairs' rather than individual birds. This metric provides a more accurate indicator of the population's reproductive health and future recovery capacity.
中文： 在鳥類學與野生動物保育報導中，鳥類族群數量通常以「繁殖對（breeding pairs）」而非單隻個體來計算。這個指標能更精準地反映該族群的繁殖健康狀況及未來的復育潛力。
EN： The conjunction 'because' introduces an adverbial clause of reason ('because RSPB staff and volunteers protected...'), explaining why the main clause action ('This recovery happened') took place.
中文： 從屬連接詞 'because' 引導原因副詞子句（'because RSPB staff and volunteers protected...'），用來說明主要子句動作（'This recovery happened'）發生的原因。
The project succeeded because the local community supported our conservation efforts.
這個計畫之所以成功，是因為當地社區支持我們的保育工作。
EN： The preposition 'across' is used here to indicate spread or coverage over an entire geographic area ('across the Solent region').
中文： 介系詞 'across' 在此處表示遍及或覆蓋整個地理區域（'across the Solent region'，意即『遍及索倫特地區』）。
Volunteers planted trees across the valley to prevent soil erosion.
志工們在整個山谷各處植樹，以防止土壤侵蝕。
EN： The RSPB (Royal Society for the Protection of Birds) is the UK's largest nature conservation charity, founded in 1889. The Solent is the major strait separating the Isle of Wight from the mainland of England, known for its ecologically vital wetlands and coastal bird habitats.
中文： 英國皇家鳥類保護協會（RSPB）創立於 1889 年，是英國規模最大的自然保育慈善組織。索倫特海峽是分隔懷特島與英格蘭本土的重要水域，其周邊濕地與海岸線是極具生態價值的水鳥繁殖棲地。
EN： Parallel structure (parallelism) involves using the same grammatical pattern to show that two or more ideas have the same level of importance. Here, three past simple verb phrases are joined: 'built...', 'checked...', 'and removed...'.
中文： 平行結構（Parallelism）是指使用相同的文法結構來連接兩個或以上具同等重要性的概念。本句由三個過去簡單式動詞片語並列組成：「built...」、「checked...」以及「and removed...」。
She washed the vegetables, chopped the onions, and prepared the soup.
她洗了蔬菜、切了洋蔥，並準備了湯。
EN： The infinitive of purpose ('to' + base verb) is used to express the reason or goal of an action. In this sentence, both 'to keep out foxes' and 'to create nesting space' show the purposes of building fences and removing plants.
中文： 不定詞表示目的（Infinitive of Purpose，即「to + 原形動詞」）用來說明採取某個動作的原因或目標。本句中的「to keep out foxes」與「to create nesting space」分別表示建造圍欄與清除植物的目的。
He bought a lock to protect his bicycle.
他買了一把鎖來保護他的腳踏車。
EN： In the UK, ground-nesting seabirds such as terns face severe threats from predatory mammals like red foxes and invasive brown rats. Conservation organizations like the RSPB routinely use predator-proof fencing and habitat clearance (vegetation management) to protect vulnerable colonies on shingle and sand beaches.
中文： 在英國，像燕鷗這樣在地面築巢的海鳥面臨紅狐與外來褐鼠等捕食者的嚴重威脅。因此，像英國皇家鳥類保護協會（RSPB）等保育機構通常會架設防掠食者圍欄，並進行棲地植被管理（清除雜草），以在卵石灘與沙灘上為海鳥保護脆弱的築巢群落。
EN： Passive Voice in the Past Tense ('were created'): Formed by 'were' + past participle, this structure is used when the focus is on the action or the result (islands being built) rather than who built them.
中文： 過去式被動語態（were created）：由助動詞「were」加上過去分詞「created」構成，用於將焦點放在動作本身或其結果（島嶼被建造），而非執行動作的主體。
Several wooden shelters were built in the forest to protect hikers.
森林裡建造了幾處木製避難所，以保護健行者。
EN： Non-defining Relative Clause with 'where': The relative adverb 'where' introduces extra descriptive information about a place ('a salty lagoon'), set off by a comma.
中文： 使用「where」的非限定關係子句：關係副詞「where」在此用於逗號之後，引導補充說明地點（「a salty lagoon」，鹹水潟湖）的額外資訊。
They visited the local nature reserve, where many rare birds can be seen.
他們參觀了當地的自然保護區，在那裡可以看到許多稀有鳥類。
EN： Avocets are distinctive black-and-white wading birds with upturned beaks. They are historically significant in the UK as the emblem bird of the RSPB (Royal Society for the Protection of Birds), symbolizing the success of wetland conservation.
中文： 反嘴鷸（avocet）是一種黑白相間、喙部向上翹起的涉禽。在英國具有特殊的象徵意義，因為牠正是「英國皇家鳥類保護協會」（RSPB）的標誌鳥類，代表著英國濕地生態保育的成功里程碑。
EN： The conjunction 'while' is used here to introduce an adverbial clause showing contrast between two related facts (the increase in black-headed gulls versus the increase in little terns).
中文： 從屬連接詞「while」在此處用於引導對比子句，表示「而……」，用來對照兩個相關事實（紅嘴鷗數量的增長對比白額燕鷗數量的增長）。
Sales increased in Europe, while they declined slightly in Asia.
歐洲的銷售額有所增長，而亞洲的銷售額則略有下滑。
EN： The elliptical phrase 'up from [number]' is commonly used in news and statistics to show an increase compared to a previous baseline without repeating the full verb phrase.
中文： 省略片語「up from + 數字」常出現於新聞與數據報導中，表示「高於先前的……」或「從……上升」，能避免重複動詞片語，使表達更精簡。
Profits reached 10 million dollars, up from 8 million last year.
利潤達到了 1,000 萬美元，高於去年的 800 萬美元。
EN： Black-headed gulls and little terns are common coastal birds in the UK. The little tern is one of Britain's rarest breeding seabirds and has received specialized conservation efforts to protect its vulnerable beach nests.
中文： 紅嘴鷗（Black-headed gull）與白額燕鷗（little tern）是英國海岸常見的鳥類。其中白額燕鷗更是英國最稀有的繁殖海鳥之一，因常築巢於沙灘易受干擾，一直是保育機構重點保護的對象。
EN： Reporting verbs like 'explain' are often followed by a 'that'-noun clause functioning as the direct object, describing what was said or conveyed.
中文： 轉述動詞（如 explain）後方常接由 that 引導的名詞子句作為受詞，用來說明陳述或解釋的具體內容。口語中 that 有時可省略。
The scientist explained that climate change affects bird migration patterns.
科學家解釋說，氣候變遷會影響鳥類的遷徙模式。
EN： The passive voice in the past simple ('were hit') focuses on the victims of the action rather than the cause, with 'by' introducing the agent/cause ('by bird flu').
中文： 過去簡單式的被動語態（were hit，結構為 were + 過去分詞），將焦點放在遭受打擊的對象而非施事者，後接「by + 施事者/成因」表示打擊來源。
Many coastal towns were flooded by heavy storms last winter.
去年冬天，許多沿海城鎮遭到強烈風暴引發的水災侵襲。
EN： The RSPB (Royal Society for the Protection of Birds) is the UK's largest nature conservation charity, frequently cited as an authoritative source in British news regarding wildlife and ecology.
中文： 英國皇家鳥類保護協會（RSPB）是英國規模最大的自然保育慈善組織，在英國新聞中經常作為野生動物和生態保護的權威來源被引用。
重要單字附有 IPA 發音、定義、例句和互動式測驗。
在本文中： 復原、恢復（數量或健康狀態）
在本文中： （鳥類或動物的）群落、棲息群
在本文中： 摧毀、毀滅
在本文中： 疾病
在本文中： 生態系統
在本文中： 志工、志願者
在本文中： 保護、防護
在本文中： 潟湖
在本文中： 雛鳥、幼鳥
片語包含類型標示、雙語定義、用法說明和例句。
A highly contagious viral infection that affects birds (also known as bird flu).
禽流感
To stop someone or something from entering a place.
阻擋在外、防止進入
A pair of animals that mate and produce offspring together.
繁殖對（一雌一雄組成的繁衍配對）
Increased compared to an earlier, lower amount or figure.
從（較低數字）上升到