EN： The pattern 'prefer A over B' is used to express that someone likes option A more than option B. 'A' and 'B' should be grammatically parallel (e.g., both nouns or both gerunds).
中文： 「prefer A over B」結構用於表達「比起 B，更偏好/喜歡 A」。其中的 A 與 B 在語法結構上必須對等（例如皆為名詞或動名詞）。
Many young people prefer working remotely over commuting to an office every day.
許多年輕人比起每天通勤去辦公室，更喜歡遠距工作。
EN： Past participle phrases (e.g., 'written by...') can act as reduced relative clauses, modifying the noun that comes before them ('stories [which were] written by...').
中文： 過去分詞片語（如「written by...」）可用作簡化形容詞子句，直接修飾前方緊鄰的名詞（即「stories [which were] written by...」），用來表示被動概念。
The painting created by the young artist won first prize in the competition.
那位年輕藝術家所創作的畫作在比賽中獲得了一等獎。
EN： The Passive Voice (was + past participle) is used when the focus is on the action or the receiver of the action (the research) rather than who performed it.
中文： 被動語態（was + 過去分詞）用於強調動作本身或承受動作的對象（這項研究），而非執行動作的人。
The article was written last week.
這篇文章是上週寫的。
EN： The preposition 'in' is used before journals, magazines, newspapers, or books to indicate where information is published.
中文： 介系詞 'in' 用於期刊、雜誌、報紙或書籍之前，表示資訊發表的出處。
Her paper was published in a famous medical journal.
她的論文發表在一份著名的醫學期刊上。
EN： The passive voice 'were asked' combined with an infinitive ('to read') is used when the focus is on the recipients of the action rather than the person giving the instruction.
中文： 「被動語態（were asked）」搭配「不定詞（to read）」的結構，用於強調接受動作的主體（被要求的人），而非發出指令的人。
The students were asked to complete the survey before leaving.
學生們被要求在離開前完成這份問卷。
EN： The structure 'one of + plural noun' means one item out of a group of multiple items, and it always takes a singular verb if used as the subject.
中文： 「one of + 複數名詞」表示「許多項目中的其中一個」。若作為句子主詞時，動詞須使用單數形式。
She chose one of the red apples from the basket.
她從籃子裡挑選了其中一顆紅蘋果。
EN： The passive voice (be + past participle) is used when the focus is on the action or the receiver of the action rather than the doer. The preposition 'by' introduces the agent performing the action.
中文： 被動語態（be 動詞 + 過去分詞）用於將焦點放在動作本身或承受動作的對象，而非執行者。介系詞「by」則用來引介執行該動作的人事物。
The artwork was created by a local student.
這件藝術品是由當地的一名學生創作的。
EN： To avoid repetition, pronouns or numerals like 'three' can stand alone to refer back to a previously mentioned plural noun (in this case, 'stories').
中文： 為了避免重複，代名詞或像「three」這樣的數字可以單獨使用，用來代指前文已提過複數名詞（在此句中指「故事」）。
Five students entered the competition, but only two won prizes.
五名學生參加了比賽，但只有兩名贏得獎項。
EN： The structure 'a similar [noun] to [noun/pronoun]' is used to show that two things share common characteristics or qualities.
中文： 「a similar + 名詞 + to + 名詞/代名詞」結構用於表示兩者之間具有相似的特徵或性質。
This phone has a similar design to my old one.
這款手機的設計跟我舊的那支很相似。
EN： Hyphenated compound adjectives formed with a noun and a past participle (e.g., 'AI-generated', 'human-written') modify nouns by describing how they were created.
中文： 由「名詞 + 過去分詞」組成的連字號複合形容詞（如 AI-generated、human-written），用於修飾名詞，說明該事物是如何被創作或產生的。
We prefer eco-friendly and hand-made products.
我們偏好環保且手工製作的產品。
EN： The verb 'tell' takes two objects: an indirect object (the person being told) and a direct object clause introduced by 'whether' to present two possibilities (whether... or...).
中文： 動詞「tell」可接雙重受詞：間接受詞（告知的對象，如 participants）與直接受詞子句。此處由「whether」引導子句，用來表達「是否…（或是…）」的兩種可能性（whether... or...）。
She asked me whether I wanted tea or coffee.
她問我想要喝茶還是咖啡。
EN： Passive Voice in the Past Tense ('was written by'): Used when the action performed on the subject is more important than who performed it, or to focus on the story itself.
中文： 過去式被動語態（was written by）：當焦點在於受動作影響的事物（故事），而非執行動作的主體時使用。結構為「主詞 + was/were + 過去分詞 + by + 執行者」。
The book was written by a famous author in 1995.
這本書是由一位知名作者於 1995 年編寫的。
EN： The transition adverb 'however' is used at the beginning of a sentence to introduce a contrast to a previous statement. It is typically followed by a comma.
中文： 轉折副詞「however」（然而）常用於句首，用來引出與前文相反或轉折的觀點，後面通常會加上逗號。
He studied very hard; however, he did not pass the exam.
他非常努力讀書；然而，他並沒有通過考試。
EN： The adverbs 'not always' create a partial negation (not 100% of the time), meaning something happens sometimes, but not in all cases.
中文： 「not always」表示「不總是、不一定」，屬於部分否定（並非百分之百）。代表某件事有時會發生，但並非所有情況皆然。
The most expensive option is not always the best one.
最昂貴的選項不一定總是最好的。
EN： The conjunction phrase 'so that' is used to express purpose. It is typically followed by a clause containing a modal verb like 'can', 'could', 'may', or 'might'.
中文： 連詞短語「so that」（以便於／為了…）用來表示目的。其後引導的目的副詞子句中，通常會搭配「can」、「could」、「may」或「might」等情態助動詞。
He saved money so that he could buy a new computer.
他存錢以便能夠買一台新電腦。
EN： An embedded question acts as a noun clause (functioning as a direct object here) beginning with a question word like 'how'. Unlike direct questions, it uses normal statement word order (Subject + Verb).
中文： 間接疑問句（嵌入式疑問句）作為名詞子句使用（在此處充當受詞），由疑問詞「how」引導。與直接疑問句不同，間接疑問句須採用陳述句的語序（主詞 + 動詞）。
I don't know how the machine works.
我不知道這台機器是如何運作的。
EN： The simple past tense is used to describe an action or state that was completed at a specific time in the past.
中文： 簡單過去式（Simple Past Tense）用於描述在過去特定時間點已經完成的動作或狀態。
The initial survey showed promising trends for the new product.
初步調查顯示出這項新產品有相當好前景的趨勢。
EN： Participles can function as adjectives. Present participles (-ing) describe the effect something causes (active/cause), while past participles (-ed) describe how someone feels (passive/receiving).
中文： 分詞可作形容詞使用。現在分詞（-ing）用來形容某事事物「令人感到……的」（主動/引起），而過去分詞（-ed）則用來形容人「感到……的」（被動/接收）。
The scientists announced a surprising discovery yesterday.
科學家們昨天宣布了一項令人驚訝的發現。
EN： A relative clause (or adjective clause) starting with 'who' is used to modify the noun 'Participants', specifying which group of participants is being referred to.
中文： 使用關係代詞 'who' 引導的關係子句（形容詞子句）來修飾名詞 'Participants'（受試者），用以限定或說明是哪一群受試者。
Students who practice daily will improve quickly.
每天練習的學生進步會很快。
EN： The structure 'rate [something] as [adjective/noun phrase]' is used to express an opinion or judgment about the quality or status of something.
中文： 結構 'rate [事物] as [形容詞/名詞片語]' 用來表達對某事物的品質、程度或狀態的評估與看法。
Critics rated the new movie as highly entertaining.
影評人將這部新電影評為非常有娛樂性。
EN： The idiom 'at the same time' is used as a sentence adverbial to introduce a contrasting or simultaneous fact, meaning 'meanwhile' or 'nevertheless'.
中文： 片語「at the same time」在此用作句首副詞，用來引出同時發生或具轉折對比性質的事實，意為「同時」或「然而」。
She wanted to save money; at the same time, she wished to travel the world.
她想存錢；但同時，她也希望能環遊世界。
EN： The structure 'give + [indirect object] + [direct object]' is a ditransitive verb pattern. Here, 'ratings' is the direct object and 'to stories' is a prepositional phrase acting as the indirect receiver.
中文： 授與動詞「give」的用法，此處採用「give + 直接受詞 (ratings) + to + 間接受詞 (stories)」的結構，表示給予某對象某種評價。
The judge gave high scores to the young pianist.
評審給予這位年輕的鋼琴家高分。
EN： The clause 'that people have a positive bias...' acts as a noun clause (subordinate clause) serving as the direct object of the verb 'suggests'. The conjunction 'that' introduces the statement being suggested.
中文： 「that people have a positive bias...」為名詞子句（從屬子句），在句中作為動詞「suggests」的直接受詞。連接詞「that」用來引導所暗示或顯示的具體事實內容。
Research suggests that regular exercise improves mental health.
研究顯示定期運動能改善心理健康。
EN： The preposition 'toward' (or 'towards') is commonly used with the noun 'bias' to indicate the direction or object of one's preference or prejudice.
中文： 介系詞「toward」（或 towards）常與名詞「bias」（偏見、偏好）連用，用來指出該偏見或偏好的對象或方向（譯為「對……的偏見/偏好」）。
Many consumers have a strong bias toward local products.
許多消費者對在地產品有很強的偏好。
EN： The concept of 'human premium' or positive bias toward human creativity is a major focus in AI ethics and media studies today. Even when automated content matches or surpasses human quality, audiences often attribute higher sentimental or artistic value to human-made art simply because of its origin.
中文： 「人類溢價」或「對人類創造力的正面偏見」是當前 AI 倫理與媒體研究的重要議題。即使生成式內容在品質上與人類作品相當甚至超越人類，大眾往往仍會僅因為「出自人類之手」而賦予作品更高的情感價值與藝術評價。
EN： Apposition: A noun phrase placed next to another noun phrase to rename or describe it. Here, 'a senior author of the research from Villanova University' gives extra information about 'Doctor Deena Skolnick Weisberg'.
中文： 同位語（Apposition）：將一個名詞短語放在另一個名詞短語旁邊，用以補充說明或重新定義該名詞。在此句中，『維拉諾瓦大學該研究的資深作者』是用來補充說明『蒂娜·斯考尼克·魏斯伯格博士』。
Professor Smith, a leading expert in climate change, will give a speech tomorrow.
氣候變遷領域的頂尖專家史密斯教授明天將發表演講。
EN： Past Simple Tense for Reporting Research: The simple past tense (e.g., 'explained') is commonly used in news and academic contexts to report completed actions or statements made by researchers.
中文： 過去簡單式用於報導研究（Past Simple Tense）：在新聞或學術報導中，常用過去簡單式（如 'explained'）來描述研究人員已完成的動作或發表的言論。
The scientist presented the results of the study at the international conference.
那位科學家在國際會議上發表了研究結果。
EN： Reported speech using 'said that' followed by a noun clause that functions as the direct object of the main verb.
中文： 間接引語結構：使用「said that」（說…）接名詞子句，作為主要動詞 said 的直接受詞，用來轉述他人的話語。
He said that the conference would start on time.
他說會議將會準時開始。
EN： The comparison structure 'as... as' combined with 'at least' (at least as [adjective] as) indicates that something is equal to or greater than something else in degree.
中文： 同級比較結構「as + 形容詞 + as」（與…一樣），加上「at least」（至少），組合為「at least as... as」，表示「至少與…一樣…」。
This new model is at least as efficient as the previous version.
這個新機型至少與前一個版本一樣有效率。
EN： The reported speech structure with 'added that' is used to introduce additional information that someone previously said, using a noun clause (that-clause) as the direct object of the verb 'add'.
中文： 使用「added that」的名詞子句結構，用來引述某人補充說過的話。that 所引導的子句作為主要動詞「add」的直接受詞。
He added that the event would be postponed until next week.
他補充說，該活動將延期至下週。
EN： The prepositional phrase 'of what AI is able to do' uses the free relative pronoun 'what' (meaning 'the things that') as the object of the preposition 'of'. Inside this clause, 'be able to' indicates capability.
中文： 介系詞片語「of what AI is able to do」中，複合關係代名詞「what」（意為『…的事物』）作為介系詞「of」的受詞。子句內部的「be able to」則用來表示能力。
She was surprised by what he was able to achieve.
她對他所能達到的成就感到驚訝。
EN： The verb 'note' takes a 'that'-clause as a direct object to report a fact, statement, or observation. The word 'that' introduces a subordinate clause containing a complete subject and predicate.
中文： 動詞「note（指出）」後接由「that」所引導的名詞子句作為直接受詞，用來補充說明所指出的具體內容或事實。「that」在口語中常可省略。
The teacher noted that all students passed the final exam.
老師指出所有學生都通過了期末考試。
EN： The phrase 'mean (that)...' is used to state a result, implication, or logical conclusion derived from a statement or situation.
中文： 「mean (that)...（意味著…）」常用來說明某個情況或事實所帶來的邏輯推論、隱含意義或結果。
Higher prices do not always mean better quality.
價格較高並不總是意味著品質更好。
EN： Emphatic pronouns (myself, yourself, herself, etc.) are used to place special emphasis on a noun or pronoun. When 'herself' is placed directly after 'she', it emphasizes that the subject personally performs or embodies the action/description.
中文： 強調反身代名詞（如 myself, yourself, herself 等）用來特別強調名詞或代名詞。當 'herself' 直接放在 'she' 後面時，是用來強調主詞「本人／親自」具備該身份或執行該動作。
The director herself attended the premiere of the film.
導演本人親自出席了這部電影的首映會。
EN： Comparative adjectives with 'than' implied or omitted, followed by a causal clause starting with 'because'. The comparative form 'easier' indicates a higher degree of readability compared to human writing.
中文： 比較級形容詞用法（在此省略了 than...），後接以 'because' 引導的原因副詞子句。比較級 'easier' 表示相較於人類寫作，AI 寫作具有更高的可讀性。
This book is easier to understand because it includes visual diagrams.
這本書更容易理解，因為它包含了視覺圖表。
EN： Past participial phrases ('written by AI', 'created by people') are used as reduced relative clauses (short for 'which are written by AI') to post-modify nouns.
中文： 過去分詞片語（如 written by AI、created by people）常作為後位修飾語，用來修飾前面的名詞。這屬於關係子句簡化（省略了 which are）。
Books written by famous authors usually sell well.
由知名作家撰寫的書籍通常賣得很好。
EN： The pronoun 'those' is used to avoid repeating the plural noun 'novels'. The structure 'be different from [noun/pronoun]' is used to show contrast.
中文： 代名詞「those」在此用來代替前述的複數名詞「novels」，以避免重複。搭配片語「be different from...」表示「與……不同」。
The rules in this game are different from those in the previous one.
這款遊戲的規則與上一款遊戲的規則不同。
EN： The verb 'suggest' is followed by a 'that' clause expressing a proposal or advice. In formal English, this clause often uses the subjunctive mood (base verb) or a modal verb like 'may' or 'should'.
中文： 動詞「suggest」（建議）後接 that 子句時，用以表達提議或建議。在正式英語中，子句通常使用虛擬語氣（原形動詞）或搭配 modal verb（情態動詞，如 may 或 should）。
The doctor suggested that he take a few days off to rest.
醫生建議他休息幾天。
EN： The idiom 'make room for' means to clear space or accommodate someone or something alongside existing elements.
中文： 片語「make room for」意思是「為……騰出空間」或「接納/容納……」，指在現有條件下為新事物保留位置。
We need to make room for new ideas in our company strategy.
我們需要為公司的策略注入新想法騰出空間。
重要單字附有 IPA 發音、定義、例句和互動式測驗。
在本文中： 偏好、更喜歡
在本文中： 產生的、生成的
在本文中： 主題
在本文中： 參與者、受試者
在本文中： 標籤、標示
在本文中： 引人入勝的、吸引人的
在本文中： 偏見、偏好
在本文中： 創作、產出
在本文中： 被淘汰的、過時的
片語包含類型標示、雙語定義、用法說明和例句。
Computer systems able to perform tasks that normally require human intelligence.
人工智慧（AI）
A preference or inclination for or against a particular thing, person, or group.
對……有偏好或偏見
To clear a space for someone or something; to accommodate.
為……騰出空間；接納