EN： The idiom 'put something/someone to the test' means to test how effective, strong, or reliable something or someone really is under difficult conditions.
中文： 片語「put something/someone to the test」意為「使……接受考驗／檢驗……的實力或成效」，常用於描述在嚴苛或關鍵情況下檢驗某事物的真實能力。
The unexpected surge in online traffic put the new server infrastructure to the test.
突如其來的網路流量高峰考驗了全新伺服器基礎架構的乘載能力。
EN： The prepositional phrase 'at a glance' functions idiomatically as a modifier meaning 'briefly' or 'as a quick overview'. It is widely used in news, journalism, and executive summaries as a subtitle or topic marker.
中文： 介系詞片語「at a glance」作為慣用語，意為「一覽、概覽、一眼看去」，在新聞報導、商業報告與重點摘要中極常作為標題或副標題使用。
Here are the key takeaways of the fiscal budget at a glance.
以下是本財政預算重點的一覽摘要。
EN： Headlinese often utilizes the simple present tense ('Puts') to express immediate, ongoing, or upcoming real-world actions, creating a sense of urgency and directness.
中文： 英文新聞標題語體（headlinese）常使用現在簡單式（如本句中的「Puts」）來描述即將發生、正在進行或剛發生的事件，以營造即時性與現場感。
Central Bank Raises Interest Rates Amid Persistent Inflation Fears.
在持續的通膨擔憂下，中央銀行宣布升息。
EN： In international diplomacy, 'COP' stands for 'Conference of the Parties'. While the public is often most familiar with the climate-focused COPs under the UNFCCC, biodiversity has its own separate biennial summit series under the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD).
中文： 在國際外交中，「COP」代表「締約方大會（Conference of the Parties）」。大眾通常較熟悉《聯合國氣候變遷綱要公約》（UNFCCC）下的氣候峰會，但《生物多樣性公約》（CBD）同樣擁有獨立且每兩年舉辦一次的締約方峰會系列。
EN： The noun phrase 'a biodiversity summit...' acts as an appositive to 'UN COP17', providing explanatory or descriptive information about the event without introducing a relative pronoun (which would be 'which is a biodiversity summit...').
中文： 名詞片語「a biodiversity summit...」作為「UN COP17」的同位語，用以對該國際會議進行補充與描述，相當於省略了關係代名詞及連繫動詞（which is...）的非限定修飾結構。
Delegates will meet in Geneva for the World Health Assembly, an annual meeting determining global health policies.
代表們將在日內瓦齊聚參與世界衛生大會，這是一項決定全球衛生政策的年度會議。
EN： The sentence contains two stacked participial phrases acting as reduced relative clauses: the present participle phrase 'reviewing...' modifies 'summit' (active: which will review), and the past participle phrase 'agreed at...' modifies 'targets' (passive: which were agreed at).
中文： 此句展示了雙重分詞片語作為簡化關係子句的用法：現在分詞片語「reviewing...」修飾「summit」（主動意義：which will review），而過去分詞片語「agreed at...」則修飾「targets」（被動意義：which were agreed at）。
The committee released a report evaluating the new guidelines introduced last spring.
委員會發布了一份評估去年春天所推行新方針的報告。
EN： The term 'COP' stands for 'Conference of the Parties', the governing body of international environmental conventions. While the public is often most familiar with climate summits (such as the COP for the UNFCCC), biodiversity operates under a separate track under the UN Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). The '23 targets agreed at COP15' refers to the landmark Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework adopted in 2022, which set goals including the famous '30x30' pledge (protecting 30% of land and ocean by 2030).
中文： 「COP」代表「締約方大會」（Conference of the Parties），是國際環境公約的最高決策機構。大眾通常最熟悉氣候變遷相關的 COP（聯合國氣候變遷綱要公約），但生物多樣性屬於《聯合國生物多樣性公約》（CBD）的獨立機制。句中提及的「2022 年在第十五次締約方大會上議定的 23 項目標」，即著名的《昆明—蒙特婁全球生物多樣性框架》，其中包括在 2030 年前保護全球 30% 陸地與海洋的「30x30」指標。
EN： The preposition 'amid' (meaning 'in the middle of' or 'surrounded by', often metaphorically amid circumstances, reactions, or emotions) is frequently used in journalistic and formal English to set the background context against which an event occurs.
中文： 介系詞「amid」（意為「在……之中」或「在……背景下」）常用於新聞與正式書面語，通常伴隨抽象名詞（如警告、爭議、混亂或掌聲），用以描述某事發生的時代背景或社會氛圍。
The reforms were approved amid widespread public protests.
這些改革是在大眾廣泛抗議的聲浪中獲得批准的。
EN： The noun 'warnings' is followed by an appositive clause introduced by the conjunction 'that'. Unlike a relative clause, 'that' does not replace an argument in the clause; it merely connects an abstract noun (e.g., warning, fact, claim, rumor) to a full clause explaining its content.
中文： 名詞「warnings」後方接由連接詞「that」引導的同位語子句（appositive clause）。與關係子句不同，同位語子句中的「that」不充當任何句子成分，且其後的子句結構完整，專門用來具體補充說明抽象名詞（如 warning、fact、belief）的詳細內容。
There are growing concerns that the peace talks may collapse.
人們越來越擔心和平談判可能會破裂。
EN： The subordinate clause uses the conjunction 'since' with a simple past tense ('the dinosaurs vanished') to mark a fixed point in the deep geological past, serving as a temporal benchmark for the ongoing event described in the present continuous tense ('is undergoing').
中文： 「since」在此作為從屬連接詞，後接簡單過去式子句（「the dinosaurs vanished」），明確標示出地質歷史上的某一固定時間起點，作為主句現在進行式（「is undergoing」）所描述當前持續性過程的參照基準。
The region has seen unprecedented growth since the new railway opened.
自從新鐵路開通以來，該地區經歷了前所未有的成長。
EN： The reference to 'the dinosaurs vanished' alludes to the Cretaceous–Paleogene (K–Pg) extinction event roughly 66 million years ago. In contemporary environmental and biodiversity discourse, scientific authorities often label our current era as the 'Sixth Mass Extinction' (the Anthropocene extinction), framing human-driven species decline alongside Earth's most catastrophic prehistoric events.
中文： 「恐龍滅絕」（dinosaurs vanished）指涉約 6,600 萬年前的白堊紀—古近紀滅絕事件。在當代環境與生物多樣性科學論述中，科學家常將當前人類活動引發的生物多樣性崩跌稱為「第六次大滅絕」（The Sixth Mass Extinction），刻意將現今的物種流失速度與地質史上的恐龍大滅絕相提並論，以凸顯生態危機的空前與緊迫。
EN： This sentence employs locative/prepositional inversion (Fronting of Prepositional Phrase + Inverted Predicate). When a prepositional phrase expressing location, rank, or category ('Among...') is moved to the beginning for rhetorical focus or cohesion, the copular verb ('are') precedes the actual compound subject (the three coordinated gerund phrases).
中文： 本句採用了「介系詞片語前置倒裝」（Locative/Prepositional Inversion）。當表示範疇或排名的介系詞片語（如 'Among...'）置於句首以達強調或文意銜接時，連繫動詞（are）會倒裝至真正的複合主詞（三個平行的動名詞片語）之前。
Among the key challenges facing the committee are securing sufficient funding and retaining qualified personnel.
委員會面臨的主要挑戰包括籌集充足的資金以及留住合格的人才。
EN： Parallel gerund phrases functioning as compound subjects: Three balanced non-finite verb phrases ('protecting...', 'restoring...', and 'reforming...') are coordinated by 'and'. Because there are three distinct actions, the verb 'are' agrees with the plural compound subject.
中文： 平行結構動名詞片語作為複合主詞：三個對稱的非限定動詞片語（protecting...、restoring... 與 reforming...）由對等連接詞 'and' 連接。由於主詞由三個不同的行動構成，動詞採用複數形 'are'。
Addressing climate change involves reducing carbon emissions, investing in renewable energy, and modernizing transport networks.
應對氣候變遷涉及減少碳排放、投資可再生能源以及使交通網絡現代化。
EN： The targets listed in this sentence correspond directly to the landmark '30x30' initiative under the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF) agreed at COP15 in 2022. Target 3 commits nations to protect 30% of global terrestrial, inland water, and coastal/marine areas by 2030, Target 2 mandates restoring at least 30% of degraded ecosystems, and Target 18 pledges to phase out or reform at least $500 billion annually in environmentally harmful subsidies.
中文： 本句列出的各項目標直接對應 2022 年第十五次締約方大會通過的《昆明—蒙特婁全球生物多樣性框架》（GBF）中著名的「30x30」倡議。該框架之「目標三」承諾在 2030 年前保護全球 30% 的陸地與海洋區域；「目標二」要求復育至少 30% 退化的生態系統；「目標十八」則承諾每年淘汰或改革至少 5,000 億美元對環境有害的補貼。
EN： Negative inversion occurs when a negative adverb or adverbial phrase (such as 'never', 'seldom', 'rarely', or 'under no circumstances') is placed at the beginning of a clause for rhetorical emphasis. The auxiliary verb precedes the subject, mirroring question word order ('Never have governments met...').
中文： 否定倒裝句（Negative Inversion）：當否定副詞或具否定意義的片語（如 never、seldom、rarely、under no circumstances 等）置於句首以達修辭強調時，主詞與助動詞必須倒裝，語序如同疑問句（助動詞 + 主詞 + 主要動詞，即 'Never have governments met...'）。
Rarely have scientists witnessed such rapid climatic shifts.
科學家極少見證過如此快速的氣候轉變。
EN： The conjunction 'since' introduces a subordinate time clause referring to a specific historical starting point in the simple past ('was established'), while the main clause uses the present perfect ('have met') to describe actions or states extending from that point up to the present.
中文： 從屬連接詞 'since' 引導時間副詞子句，通常表示某個過去特定的起點，該子句動詞使用過去簡單式（如 'was established'），而主要子句則搭配現在完成式（如 'have met'），用來表示從過去某個時間點持續迄今的狀態或經驗。
She has lived abroad ever since she graduated from university.
自從大學畢業後，她就一直住在國外。
EN： The '1992 Rio Earth Summit' (formally the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development) was a landmark event that produced the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). The sentence references this milestone to highlight more than three decades of systemic failure by global leaders to fulfill their international conservation promises.
中文： 「1992年里約地球高峰會」（正式名稱為聯合國環境與發展會議）是國際環保史上的重大里程碑，會中催生了《生物多樣性公約》（CBD）及《聯合國氣候變遷綱要公約》（UNFCCC）。本句提及此歷史起點，旨在深刻突顯全球各國政府在過去三十多年間，從未切實落實任何一項國際自然保護承諾的長期困境。
EN： The conjunction 'lest' introduces an adverbial clause of purpose or negative result, meaning 'for fear that' or 'in order to avoid'. In formal and literary English, the clause following 'lest' typically uses the present subjunctive (base form of the verb, e.g., 'fail') or 'should' + base verb.
中文： 連詞「lest」引導目的或消極結果的狀語從句，意為「唯恐、以免」。在正式或書面英文中，lest 所引導的子句通常使用虛擬語氣（動詞原形，例如本句的 fail），或使用「should + 原形動詞」。
He spoke in whispers, lest he wake the sleeping infant.
他壓低聲音說話，以免吵醒熟睡的嬰兒。
EN： The verb 'insist' (often followed by 'that') triggers the mandative subjunctive in formal English. The verb in the subordinate clause takes its base form ('demonstrate'), regardless of the subject's person or number.
中文： 動詞「insist」後接 that 引導的名詞子句時，在正式英文中需使用命令式虛擬語氣（Mandative Subjunctive），子句中的動詞一律使用原形動詞（如本句中的「demonstrate」），不隨主詞人稱或單複數作變化。
The committee insisted that every candidate submit their portfolio on time.
委員會堅持要求每位候選人按時提交作品集。
EN： The existential construction 'there has been' (present perfect of 'there is') indicates that something has emerged or occurred over a period leading up to the present. Paired with a nominalization like 'a concerted push to do sth', it conveys sustained, coordinated collective action without explicitly naming an agent.
中文： 存在句型「there has been」（there is 的現在完成式）表示從過去持續至今所發生的情況或趨勢。搭配名詞化結構「a concerted push to do sth」（一致推動…的行動），能在不直接指明施動者的情況下，強調集體且協同一致的努力。
There has been a concerted push to accelerate renewable energy transitions across Europe.
歐洲各地一直齊心協力推動加速向可再生能源的轉型。
EN： The deadline '2030' refers to the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework adopted at COP15 in 2022, which set 23 targets to be achieved by 2030 to halt biodiversity loss. The phrase 'lest this decade's international agreements fail likewise' directly references the earlier 'Aichi Biodiversity Targets' (2010–2020), none of which were fully achieved globally, creating urgent diplomatic pressure at UN environmental summits.
中文： 句中提及的「2030」時間節點源於 2022 年第十五次締約方大會（COP15）通過的《昆明—蒙特婁全球生物多樣性框架》，該架構設定了 23 項須在 2030 年前達成的目標以遏止生物多樣性喪失。句末「以免這十年的國際協定同樣以失敗告終」則暗指先前的「愛知生物多樣性目標」（2010–2020 年）在全球範圍內完全未達標的歷史教訓，這正是聯合國自然峰會上各國面臨巨大督促壓力的由來。
重要單字附有 IPA 發音、定義、例句和互動式測驗。
在本文中： 召集；集合（為正式會議而聚在一起）
在本文中： 生物多樣性
在本文中： 顯著的；重要的
在本文中： 退化的；受損的
在本文中： 補貼；津貼
在本文中： 齊心協力的；一致的
在本文中： 簽署國；簽約方
在本文中： 可衡量的；顯著的
在本文中： 以免；唯恐
在本文中： 同樣地
片語包含類型標示、雙語定義、用法說明和例句。
immediately, or with a quick look
一覽；概覽；一眼看去
to test how good or effective someone or something is, especially in a challenging situation
接受考驗；使受檢驗
a determined and coordinated effort by a group of people to achieve something
齊心協力的推動；一致的努力
a biological community and its environment that has suffered damage or loss of biodiversity due to human activities or natural disasters
退化的生態系統