EN: Imperative sentences are used to give orders, instructions, or advice. They start directly with the base form of the verb (infinitive without 'to'), omitting the subject 'you' because it is understood.
中文: 祈使句用於給予命令、指示或建議。它們直接以動詞原形(不帶 to 的不定詞)開頭,省略了主詞「you」(你/你們),因為主詞在語境中是顯而易見的。
Read the instructions before you start.
在開始之前,請閱讀說明。
EN: An adjective clause (or relative clause) modifies a noun. Here, 'that interests you' is a defining relative clause modifying 'a topic'. 'That' acts as the subject of the relative clause.
中文: 形容詞子句(或關係子句)用來修飾名詞。在此處,「that interests you」是一個限定性關係子句,修飾「a topic」(主題)。「that」在關係子句中充當主詞的角色。
Find a job that makes you happy.
尋找一份能讓你快樂的工作。
EN: The transition word 'Moreover' is a conjunctive adverb used to add information that supports or extends the previous point. It is formal and typically placed at the beginning of a sentence, followed by a comma.
中文: 轉折詞「Moreover」(此外/而且)是一個連接副詞,用於添加支持或延伸前述論點的信息。它屬於正式用語,通常放在句首,後面接逗號。
Moreover, the study highlights the importance of sleep.
此外,該研究強調了睡眠的重要性。
EN: The modal verb 'should' is used to express advice, recommendation, or obligation. It is followed by the base form of the main verb (in this case, 'gather').
中文: 情態助動詞「should」(應該)用於表達建議、推薦或義務。其後須接主要動詞的原形(在此句中為「gather」)。
You should drink more water every day.
你每天應該喝更多水。
EN: In academic and professional English, 'solid facts' or 'solid evidence' is a common collocation. The word 'solid' metaphorically extends from 'firm and stable' to mean 'reliable, concrete, and difficult to dispute.' Using such collocations enhances the persuasiveness of your arguments.
中文: 在學術與商務英語中,「solid facts」(可靠的事實)或「solid evidence」(確鑿的證據)是常見的習慣搭配詞(collocation)。「solid」一詞從物理上的「堅固、結實」隱喻延伸為「可靠、具體且難以反駁」的意思。使用這類搭配詞能顯著提升論點的說服力。
EN: The transition phrase 'For example' is used as a sentence connector (adverbial link) to introduce an illustrative instance. It is typically followed by a comma and a complete independent clause.
中文: 過渡片語「For example」(例如)用作句子連接詞(副詞性連結),用以引入說明性的實例。它通常後面會接逗號以及一個完整的獨立子句。
For example, you can practice speaking every day.
例如,你可以每天練習口說。
EN: The modal verb 'can' is used here to express possibility or ability. It is followed by the base form of the main verb ('quote').
中文: 情態助動詞「can」(可以)在此處用於表示可能性或能力。其後須接主動詞的原形(「quote」)。
You can borrow books from the library.
你可以從圖書館借書。
EN: In academic and professional English writing, backing up claims with 'real studies' or empirical evidence is highly valued. It shifts the tone from personal opinion to objective authority, which is a key aspect of Western critical thinking and argumentative writing.
中文: 在學術與專業英文寫作中,用「真實的研究」或實證數據來支持論點是非常受到重視的。這能將語氣從個人主觀意見轉化為客觀權威,是西方批判性思考與議論文寫作的核心要素。
EN: Imperative sentences are used to give orders, advice, or instructions. They begin directly with the base form of the verb (e.g., 'avoid'), and the subject 'you' is understood but omitted.
中文: 祈使句用於給予命令、建議或指示。句子直接以動詞原形(例如「avoid」)開頭,主詞「you」(你/你們)被省略但已被默認。
Never make promises you cannot keep.
永遠不要許下你無法實現的承諾。
EN: An adjective clause (or relative clause) can modify a noun. In this sentence, '(that) you cannot prove' is a relative clause modifying 'claims'. The relative pronoun 'that' or 'which' is acting as the object of the verb 'prove' and is commonly omitted in English.
中文: 形容詞子句(或關係子句)可以用來修飾名詞。在本句中,「(that) you cannot prove」是一個修飾「claims」的關係子句。關係代名詞「that」或「which」在子句中擔任動詞「prove」的受格,在英文中經常被省略。
This is the book you recommended.
這就是你推薦的那本書。
EN: The transition phrase 'In addition' is a conjunctive adverb used to add information or support a previous point. It is typically followed by a comma when starting a sentence.
中文: 過渡片語「In addition」(此外)是一個連接副詞,用於增加資訊或支持前述觀點。當它放在句首時,通常後面會加上逗號。
In addition, we need to consider the budget.
此外,我們需要考慮預算。
EN: This sentence uses the imperative mood, which is used to give commands, instructions, or advice. In the imperative mood, the subject 'you' is omitted, and the sentence begins with the base form of the verb ('explain').
中文: 本句使用祈使句(imperative mood),用於給予命令、指示或建議。在祈使句中,主詞「you」(你/你們)會被省略,句子直接以動詞原形(「explain」)開頭。
Read the instructions carefully before starting.
開始前請仔細閱讀說明。
EN: The word 'Therefore' is a conjunctive adverb (連接副詞) used to show a cause-and-effect relationship. It is typically placed at the beginning of a sentence, followed by a comma, to connect the sentence to the previous idea.
中文: 「Therefore」是一個連接副詞(conjunctive adverb),用於表示因果關係。它通常放在句子的開頭,後面加上逗號,用來將本句與前一個概念連結起來。
Therefore, we decided to postpone the meeting.
因此,我們決定推遲會議。
EN: The simple future tense 'will follow' is formed with the modal verb 'will' followed by the base form of the verb. It is used here to express a logical prediction or consequence in the future.
中文: 簡單未來式「will follow」是由助動詞「will」加上動詞原形所構成。在此處用於表示未來的邏輯預測或結果。
If you practice daily, you will improve quickly.
如果你每天練習,你將會進步得很快。
EN: In English academic and professional writing, transition words like 'Therefore' are crucial for creating 'cohesion'—the logical flow of ideas. Using short sentences with clear logical connectors is highly valued in modern communication to avoid confusing the reader.
中文: 在英文的學術與專業寫作中,像「Therefore」這樣的轉折詞對於建立「連貫性」(cohesion,即觀點的邏輯流動)至關重要。現代溝通非常看重使用帶有清晰邏輯連接詞的簡短句子,以避免讀者產生混淆。
EN: The transitional phrase 'on the other hand' is a conjunctive adverbial used to introduce a contrasting point or perspective. It is typically followed by a comma when starting a sentence.
中文: 過渡片語「on the other hand」(另一方面)是用來引出對比觀點或角度的連接副詞。當它放在句首時,通常後面會加上逗號。
On the other hand, some people prefer to work from home.
另一方面,有些人更喜歡在家工作。
EN: The verb 'confuse' is used here as an intransitive verb meaning 'to cause misunderstanding or uncertainty'. In this structure, the subject 'too many words' directly performs the action of causing confusion.
中文: 動詞「confuse」在此處用作不及物動詞,意思是「令人困惑」或「造成誤解」。在這種結構中,主詞「too many words」(字數太多)直接執行了「造成混亂」的動作。
The instructions are unclear and only confuse.
這些說明不夠清楚,只會令人困惑。
EN: In English academic and professional writing, the phrase 'on the other hand' is highly common for presenting balanced arguments. It is often paired with 'on the one hand' in longer texts, though it can also stand alone to introduce a contrasting fact as seen here.
中文: 在英文學術與專業寫作中,片語「on the other hand」非常常用於呈現平衡的論點。在較長的文章中,它經常與「on the one hand」(一方面)成對出現,但也可以像這裡一樣單獨使用,用來引出對比的事實。
EN: The phrase 'as a result' is a transitional adverbial phrase used to introduce a logical consequence or effect of a previously mentioned action or situation. It is typically placed at the beginning of a sentence and followed by a comma.
中文: 「as a result」是一個過渡性的副詞片語,用於引出前述行動或情況所導致的邏輯結果或影響。它通常放在句子的開頭,後面接逗號。
She studied hard; as a result, she passed the exam.
她努力學習;因此,她通過了考試。
EN: The verb 'work' is used here as an intransitive verb meaning 'to be effective' or 'to produce the desired result'. In this context, 'best' is an adverb in the superlative form modifying 'work'.
中文: 動詞「work」在此處用作不及物動詞,意思是「有效」或「產生預期效果」。在此語境中,「best」是最高級副詞,用來修飾「work」。
This new method works well for beginners.
這個新方法對初學者非常有效。
EN: In English writing pedagogy, especially in academic and professional contexts, there is a strong cultural emphasis on clarity and conciseness. The advice 'short sentences work best' reflects the modern stylistic preference for direct communication over overly complex, flowery prose.
中文: 在英文寫作教學中(特別是學術與商務情境),文化上非常強調「清晰」與「簡潔」。『簡短的句子效果最好』這項建議,反映了現代英文偏好直接溝通,而非過度複雜、華麗詞藻的寫作風格。
EN: The transition word 'Furthermore' is a conjunctive adverb used to introduce an additional point or support that strengthens the previous argument. It is typically placed at the beginning of a sentence and followed by a comma.
中文: 轉折詞「Furthermore」(此外/而且)是一個連接副詞,用於引入額外的論點或支持,以強化前述的論述。它通常放在句首,後面接逗號。
Furthermore, the study shows that regular exercise improves memory.
此外,研究顯示規律運動能改善記憶力。
EN: The causative verb 'make' can be followed by an object and an adjective (make + object + adjective) to describe causing something to enter a particular state or possess a certain quality.
中文: 使役動詞「make」後面可以接賓語(受詞)和形容詞(make + 受詞 + 形容詞),用來描述使某事或某人進入某種特定狀態或具備某種特質。
Her explanation made the complex theory simple.
她的解釋使這個複雜的理論變得簡單。
EN: In English academic and professional writing, transition words like 'Furthermore' are highly valued for creating logical flow and coherence. Additionally, the concept of making abstract ideas 'concrete' through examples is a cornerstone of Western rhetorical style, which prioritizes clarity and evidence over purely theoretical assertions.
中文: 在英文學術與專業寫作中,像「Furthermore」這樣的轉折詞對於建立邏輯流暢度與連貫性至關重要。此外,透過實例將抽象概念「具體化」(concrete)是西方修辭風格的基石,該風格強調清晰度與實證,而非單純的理論陳述。
EN: The transition phrase 'In contrast' is used to introduce a statement that is very different from the previous one. It is typically followed by a comma when it begins a sentence.
中文: 過渡片語「In contrast」(相反地)用於引出與前述內容截然不同的陳述。當它放在句首時,通常後面會加上逗號。
In contrast, the second study showed a positive result.
相反地,第二項研究顯示出了積極的結果。
EN: The simple present tense is used here to state a general truth or fact. The plural subject 'vague terms' agrees with the base form of the verb 'weaken'.
中文: 此處使用一般現在式來陳述一個普遍的事實或真理。複數主詞「vague terms」(模糊的字眼)與動詞原形「weaken」(削弱)達成主動詞一致性。
Clear explanations strengthen your essay.
清晰的解釋會增強你的文章說服力。
EN: In English academic and professional writing, clarity and precision are highly valued. Using 'vague terms' (like 'things', 'stuff', or 'good') is often criticized because it weakens the writer's authority and argument. Transition words like 'In contrast' are essential for guiding the reader through logical arguments.
中文: 在英文學術與專業寫作中,非常強調「清晰」與「精準」。使用「模糊的字眼」(例如 things、stuff 或 good)通常會受到批評,因為這會削弱作者的權威性與論點。像「In contrast」這樣的過渡詞,對於引導讀者理解邏輯論證至關重要。
EN: Imperative sentences are used to give orders, instructions, or advice. They start directly with the base form of the verb (bare infinitive), omitting the subject 'you' which is understood.
中文: 祈使句用於給予命令、指示或建議。句子直接以動詞原形開頭,省略了省略的主詞「you」(你/你們)。
Start the presentation with a warm greeting.
以熱情的問候開始這場簡報。
EN: The preposition 'with' is used here to introduce the instrument, means, or manner by which an action is performed. In this context, it indicates what should be used to complete the action of ending.
中文: 介係詞「with」在此處用於引介執行動作所使用的工具、手段或方式。在這個語境中,它表示應該用什麼來完成「結束」這個動作。
Open the box with this key.
用這把鑰匙打開盒子。
EN: The transitional phrase 'In short' is used as a sentence adverbial to summarize a previous point or state a conclusion briefly.
中文: 過渡片語「In short」(簡而言之)用作句子修飾語(狀語),用來簡要總結前文或得出結論。
In short, we must change our plan.
簡而言之,我們必須改變我們的計劃。
EN: The verb 'shares' is used here in the simple present tense with a third-person singular subject ('clear writing'), meaning to communicate or reveal a quality or state.
中文: 動詞「shares」在此處使用一般現在式,配合單數第三人稱主詞(clear writing),表示傳達或展現某種特質或狀態。
EN: This sentence reflects a core value in Western academic and professional writing: clarity and conciseness. It emphasizes that good writing is not about using complex vocabulary, but about expressing clear thoughts in a simple way.
中文: 這句話反映了西方學術與職場寫作的核心價值:清晰與簡潔。它強調好的寫作不在於使用複雜的詞彙,而是在於用簡單的方式表達清晰的思考。
EN: Gerund as Subject: A gerund (verb + -ing) can function as a noun and serve as the subject of a sentence. It is treated as a singular noun, so it takes a singular verb.
中文: 動名詞當主詞:動名詞(動詞 + -ing)可以當作名詞使用,並在句子中擔任主詞。動名詞在語法上視為單數,因此後面要接單數動詞。
Reading books expands your mind.
閱讀書籍能開拓你的視野。
EN: Relative Clause with 'that': A relative clause (adjective clause) can modify a noun (the antecedent). Here, 'that anyone can learn' modifies 'a skill'. 'That' acts as the object of the verb 'learn' in the relative clause.
中文: 使用 'that' 的關係子句:關係子句(形容詞子句)可以用來修飾名詞(先行詞)。在此處,'that anyone can learn' 修飾 'a skill'。'that' 在關係子句中擔任動詞 'learn' 的受格。
This is a movie that everyone loves.
這是一部每個人都喜愛的電影。
EN: The modal verb 'must' is used to express strong obligation or necessity. It is followed by the base form of the verb (in this case, 'pick').
中文: 情態助動詞「must」用於表示強烈的義務或必要性(必須)。其後接動詞原形(在此句中為「pick」)。
You must submit the report by Friday.
你必須在週五前提交報告。
EN: The infinitive phrase 'to explore' functions as an adjective (adjectival infinitive) modifying the noun 'question', indicating the purpose or action to be done to the noun.
中文: 不定詞片語「to explore」在此作為形容詞修飾名詞「question」(要探索的問題),表示針對該名詞的目的或待進行的動作。
She has a lot of work to do.
她有很多工作要做。
EN: Imperative sentences are used to give orders, instructions, or advice. They start with the base form of the verb (here, 'gather'), and the subject 'you' is understood but omitted.
中文: 祈使句用於下達命令、指示或提出建議。句子以動詞原形(此處為 'gather')開頭,主詞 'you'(你/你們)被省略。
Listen carefully to the instructions.
仔細聽好指示。
EN: Relative clauses (adjective clauses) modify nouns. In 'sources [that] you can trust', the relative pronoun 'that' (or 'which') is omitted because it acts as the object of the verb 'trust' in the relative clause.
中文: 關係子句(形容詞子句)用於修飾名詞。在 'sources [that] you can trust' 中,關係代名詞 'that'(或 'which')被省略了,因為它在關係子句中擔任動詞 'trust' 的受格。
This is the book I bought yesterday.
這是我昨天買的那本書。
EN: The transition phrase 'For example' is used as a sentence connector (conjunctive adverb) to introduce an instance or illustration of a previous statement. It is typically followed by a comma when it starts a sentence.
中文: 過渡片語「For example」(例如)用作句子連接詞(連接副詞),用來引入前述聲明的實例或說明。當它置於句首時,通常後面會加上逗號。
For example, regular exercise can improve your sleep quality.
例如,規律運動可以改善你的睡眠品質。
EN: The simple present tense is used here with a singular subject ('a good study'), requiring the verb 'give' to take the third-person singular -s ending ('gives') to state a general fact or truth.
中文: 此處使用現在簡單式,主詞為單數(「a good study」),因此動詞「give」必須加上第三人稱單數字尾 -s(「gives」),用以陳述普遍事實或真理。
A balanced diet provides essential nutrients for the body.
均衡的飲食能為身體提供必需的營養素。
EN: The modal verb 'should' is used to express advice, recommendation, or obligation. It is followed by the base form of the verb (in this case, 'explain').
中文: 情態助動詞「should」(應該)用於表達建議、推薦或義務。其後接動詞原形(在此句中為「explain」)。
You should drink more water every day.
你每天應該多喝水。
EN: The prepositional phrase 'in simple words' uses the preposition 'in' to express the medium, manner, or style of communication.
中文: 介系詞片語「in simple words」(用簡單的字詞)使用介系詞「in」來表示溝通的媒介、方式或風格。
Please write the report in plain English.
請用簡單易懂的英文寫這份報告。
EN: The transition phrase 'In addition' is a conjunctive adverb used to introduce extra information or support a previous point. It is typically followed by a comma when starting a sentence.
中文: 過渡片語「In addition」(此外)是一個連接副詞,用於引入額外的信息或支持前述觀點。當它放在句首時,通常後面會加上逗號。
In addition, we need to consider the budget.
此外,我們需要考慮預算。
EN: The modal verb 'should' is used to express duty, obligation, or a strong recommendation. It is followed by the base form of the verb (here, 'focus').
中文: 情態助動詞「should」(應該)用於表達義務、職責或強烈建議。其後須接動詞原形(在此處為「focus」)。
You should drink more water every day.
你每天應該多喝水。
EN: In English academic and professional writing, the 'one paragraph, one idea' rule is a fundamental principle of paragraph unity. It helps ensure clarity and logical flow, making it easier for readers to follow arguments.
中文: 在英文學術與職場寫作中,「一個段落,一個想法」的原則是維持段落單一性(paragraph unity)的基石。這有助於確保文章結構清晰、邏輯流暢,讓讀者更容易跟隨作者的論點。
EN: The transition phrase 'As a result' is a cohesive device used to introduce a logical consequence or effect of a previously mentioned action or state.
中文: 過渡片語「As a result」(因此、結果)是一種銜接手段,用於引出前面所提動作或狀態的邏輯結果或影響。
He didn't study for the exam. As a result, he failed.
他沒有為考試讀書。結果,他不及格了。
EN: The verb 'feel' is a linking verb (copular verb) that is followed by an adjective (here, the past participle 'lost' functioning as an adjective) to describe the subject's state or emotion.
中文: 動詞「feel」(感覺)是一個連繫動詞(linking verb),後面接形容詞(此處為過去分詞「lost」用作形容詞)來描述主詞的狀態或感受。
EN: The transition word 'Moreover' is a conjunctive adverb used to add information that supports or builds upon the previous point. It is typically placed at the beginning of a sentence and followed by a comma.
中文: 轉折詞「Moreover」(此外/而且)是一個連接副詞,用於添加支持或進一步闡述前述觀點的信息。它通常放在句首,後面接逗號。
Moreover, the study shows that regular exercise improves memory.
此外,研究顯示規律運動能改善記憶力。
EN: The phrasal verb 'turn (something) into (something else)' means to transform or change one thing into another. 'Turn' is the transitive verb, followed by the direct object, and 'into' is the preposition introducing the result of the transformation.
中文: 片語動詞「turn (something) into (something else)」(將某物轉化為另一物)表示將一事物改變或轉化為另一事物。「turn」是及物動詞,後接直接受詞,而「into」是介係詞,引導轉化後的結果。
With hard work, she turned her hobby into a successful career.
憑藉努力,她將自己的興趣轉化為成功的事業。
EN: The transitional phrase 'on the other hand' is used to introduce a contrasting point or perspective. It is often paired with 'on the one hand' but can also stand alone to present an alternative argument.
中文: 過渡片語「on the other hand」(另一方面)用於引入對比的觀點或視角。它常與「on the one hand」(一方面)搭配使用,但也可以單獨使用來提出另一種論點。
The hotel is expensive; on the other hand, it is very close to the beach.
這間飯店很貴;但另一方面,它離海灘非常近。
EN: The modal verb 'can' is used here to express possibility or potential outcome, suggesting that too much detail has the ability or tendency to obscure the main message.
中文: 情態助動詞「can」(能夠/可能)在此處用於表示可能性或潛在的結果,暗示過多的細節有可能會模糊或掩蓋主要訊息。
Skipping breakfast can affect your concentration during the day.
不吃早餐可能會影響你白天的專注力。
EN: In English academic and professional writing, clarity and conciseness are highly valued. The phrase 'On the other hand' is a standard transition used to maintain a balanced argument, reflecting the cultural emphasis on logical structuring and presenting multiple sides of an issue before reaching a conclusion.
中文: 在英文學術與專業寫作中,非常看重「清晰」與「簡潔」。片語「On the other hand」是標準的過渡詞,用於維持論點的平衡,這反映了英語文化中強調邏輯結構、並在得出結論前呈現問題多個面向的寫作習慣。
EN: Imperative sentences are used to give orders, advice, or instructions. They start directly with the base form of the verb (here, 'keep'), omitting the subject 'you' which is understood.
中文: 祈使句用於給予命令、建議或指示。它們直接以動詞原形(此處為 'keep')開頭,省略了省略的主詞 'you'(你/你們)。
Keep the door closed at all times.
請隨時保持門呈關閉狀態。
EN: The verb 'keep' can be used in the pattern 'keep + object + adjective' to mean causing someone or something to remain in a specified state.
中文: 動詞 'keep' 可以用於「keep + 受詞 + 形容詞」的句型,表示使某人或某物保持在特定的狀態。
Please keep your hands clean.
請保持你的雙手乾淨。
EN: In professional and academic English writing, clarity and conciseness are highly valued. The advice to 'keep sentences short and direct' reflects the modern stylistic preference for avoiding overly complex or flowery language, especially in scientific or business communication.
中文: 在專業與學術英文寫作中,清晰與簡潔被高度重視。「保持句子簡短且直截了當」的建議,反映了現代英文寫作風格偏好避免過度複雜或華麗的詞藻,特別是在科學或商業溝通中。
EN: The adverb 'Finally' is used as a transition word (or cohesive device) at the beginning of a sentence to introduce the last point, step, or conclusion in a sequence.
中文: 副詞「Finally」(最後)用作句子開頭的轉折詞(或銜接詞),用來引出序列中的最後一個論點、步驟或結論。
Finally, we must consider the environmental impact of this project.
最後,我們必須考慮這個專案對環境的影響。
EN: The phrasal verb 'tie something together' means to connect or unite different parts, ideas, or elements so that they form a coherent and organized whole.
中文: 片語動詞「tie something together」意思是將不同的部分、想法或元素連接或結合在一起,使它們形成一個連貫且有組織的整體。
The director used music to tie the different scenes of the movie together.
導演利用音樂將電影中不同的場景緊密結合在一起。
EN: In English academic and essay writing, a 'strong conclusion' is highly valued. It is not merely a summary of what has been written, but a synthesis of points that shows how they fit together to prove the main thesis, often leaving the reader with a final, impactful thought.
中文: 在英文學術與論文寫作中,一個「強而有力的結論」(strong conclusion)非常受到重視。它不僅僅是已寫內容的簡單摘要,而是將所有論點進行有機結合(synthesis),展示它們如何共同證明主旨,通常會給讀者留下深刻的最終思考。
EN: The transition phrase 'In short' is used as a sentence connector (conjunctive adverb) to summarize previous points or state a conclusion briefly.
中文: 過渡片語「In short」(簡而言之)用作句子連接詞(連接副詞),用來簡要總結前述觀點或得出結論。
In short, we must change our plan immediately.
簡而言之,我們必須立即更改計劃。
EN: The verb 'help' can be followed by an object and a bare infinitive (verb in its base form without 'to'). The structure is 'help + object + [to] do something'.
中文: 動詞「help」(幫助/有助於)後面可以接賓語(受詞)和省略 'to' 的不定詞(即動詞原形)。結構為「help + 賓語 + [to] 動詞原形」。
Regular exercise helps your body stay healthy.
規律運動有助於身體保持健康。
EN: The sentence uses the present simple tense in a question format ('How do you start...?') to ask about a general habit, routine, or standard procedure. 'Do' acts as the auxiliary verb (helping verb), while 'start' is the main verb in its base form.
中文: 本句使用現在簡單式的問句結構(「How do you start...?」)來詢問一般的習慣、常規或標準步驟。其中「do」是助動詞,「start」是原形動詞(主要動詞)。
How do you make a cup of tea?
你通常是如何泡茶的?
EN: The noun 'essay' is preceded by the indefinite article 'a' because it starts with a consonant sound in this context when preceded by the noun adjunct 'science' (which starts with the /s/ sound). 'Science' acts as a noun adjunct (a noun modifying another noun) to specify the type of essay.
中文: 名詞「essay」(論文/文章)前面加上了不定冠詞「a」,因為修飾它的名詞「science」(科學)是以子音開頭(/s/ 音)。這裡的「science」作為名詞修飾語,用來限定論文的類型。
She wants to write a history book.
她想寫一本歷史書。
EN: In English-speaking academic contexts, asking peers for advice on writing structures (like essays) is very common. Using a person's name at the end of a question, preceded by a comma, is a standard and polite way to direct a question to a specific person in a group or dialogue.
中文: 在英語系國家的學術情境中,向同儕詢問寫作結構(如論文)的建議是非常普遍的。在問句末尾加上逗號並稱呼對方的名字(如「, Emma?」),是小組討論或對話中指定特定對象回答的標準且禮貌的做法。
EN: The use of transition words (such as 'First') at the beginning of a sentence to establish chronological order or sequence in writing and speech.
中文: 在句子開頭使用過渡詞(如「First」)來建立寫作和口語中的時間順序或邏輯順序。
First, we need to gather all the necessary ingredients.
首先,我們需要收集所有必要的食材。
EN: Adverbs of manner (such as 'clearly') typically modify verbs and are placed after the direct object to describe how an action is performed.
中文: 情態副詞(如「clearly」)通常修飾動詞,並放在直接受詞之後,用以描述動作是如何進行的。
She explained the rules clearly to the students.
她向學生們清楚地解釋了規則。
EN: In academic and professional English writing, clarity and structured sequencing (using signposts like 'First', 'Then', 'Finally') are highly valued. It shows respect for the reader's time and cognitive load.
中文: 在學術與專業英文寫作中,非常強調清晰度與結構化的順序(使用如「First」、「Then」、「Finally」等指引詞)。這展現了對讀者時間與理解負擔的尊重。
EN: The use of the infinitive 'to support' (to + base verb) acts as an adverbial of purpose, explaining 'why' the action of adding facts is performed.
中文: 不定詞「to support」(to + 原形動詞)在此處作為副詞片語,用來表示目的,解釋「為什麼」要執行加入事實這個動作。
She saves money to buy a new laptop.
她存錢是為了買一部新筆記型電腦。
EN: The word 'each' is a determiner used with singular countable nouns (like 'point') to refer to all members of a group individually.
中文: 限定詞「each」(每個)與單數可數名詞(如「point」)連用,用來個別指代群體中的每一個成員。
Each student received a book.
每個學生都拿到了一本書。
EN: The transition phrase 'For example' is used as an adverbial connector to introduce an instance or illustration of a previous statement. It is typically placed at the beginning of a sentence and followed by a comma.
中文: 過渡片語「For example」(例如)用作副詞性連接詞,用來引入前述聲明的實例或說明。它通常放在句首,後面接逗號。
For example, she loves reading historical novels.
例如,她喜歡閱讀歷史小說。
EN: The past participle 'trusted' is used as an adjective modifying the noun 'study'. In English, past participles (verb + -ed) can function as adjectives to describe a state or a quality resulting from an action.
中文: 過去分詞「trusted」(值得信賴的)用作形容詞,修飾名詞「study」(研究)。在英文中,過去分詞(動詞 + -ed)可以充當形容詞,用來描述某種狀態或由動作產生的特質。
He is a trusted advisor to the president.
他是總統一位值得信賴的顧問。
EN: In academic and professional English writing, citing or quoting a 'trusted study' is a standard way to build credibility (ethos). Using transition phrases like 'For example' helps structure arguments logically, which is highly valued in Western essay writing.
中文: 在學術與專業英文寫作中,引用「值得信賴的研究」(trusted study)是建立公信力(ethos)的標準方式。使用如「For example」之類的過渡片語有助於邏輯性地構建論點,這在西方論文寫作中非常受到重視。
EN: The verb 'avoid' is followed by a gerund (verb-ing) or a noun. In this sentence, it is followed by the noun 'words'. It is incorrect to use an infinitive (to + verb) after 'avoid'.
中文: 動詞「avoid」(避免)後面必須接動名詞(V-ing)或名詞。在本句中,它後面接的是名詞「words」。在「avoid」後面不能使用不定詞(to + 動詞)。
She avoids driving during rush hour.
她避免在尖峰時間開車。
EN: The relative pronoun 'that' introduces a defining relative clause ('that confuse readers') to modify the noun 'words'. Since 'words' is plural, the relative pronoun acts as a plural subject, requiring the plural verb 'confuse' without an 's'.
中文: 關係代名詞「that」引導一個限定修飾關係子句(that confuse readers)來修飾名詞「words」。因為「words」是複數,所以關係代名詞在此作為複數主詞,後面的動詞必須用複數形「confuse」(不加 s)。
I like books that inspire people.
我喜歡能啟發人們的書。
EN: The transition phrase 'In addition' is used to add information or support an argument. It is typically placed at the beginning of a sentence and followed by a comma.
中文: 過渡片語「In addition」(此外)用於增加資訊或支持論點。它通常放在句首,後面接逗號。
In addition, we need to consider the cost of the project.
此外,我們需要考慮該專案的成本。
EN: The verb 'keep' can be followed by an object and an adjective (keep + object + adjective) to describe maintaining a certain state or condition.
中文: 動詞「keep」後面可以接賓語(受詞)和形容詞(keep + 受詞 + 形容詞),用來描述保持某種狀態或情況。
Please keep the door open.
請保持門開著。
EN: The transition phrase 'As a result' is used as a conjunctive adverb to introduce a logical consequence or effect of a previously stated action or situation.
中文: 過渡片語「As a result」(因此/結果)用作連接副詞,用來引出前文所述行動或情況的邏輯結果或影響。
He studied hard. As a result, he passed the exam.
他努力學習。因此,他通過了考試。
EN: The construction 'subject + be + adjective + to-infinitive' (easy to follow) uses an active infinitive ('to follow') with a passive meaning, where the subject ('my ideas') is the logical object of the infinitive verb.
中文: 「主詞 + be 動詞 + 形容詞 + 不定詞」的結構(easy to follow)中,使用主動形式的不定詞(to follow)來表達被動意義,此時主詞(my ideas)是該不定詞動詞的邏輯受詞。
EN: The adverb 'Finally' is used as a transition word (or cohesive device) at the beginning of a sentence to introduce the last point, step, or item in a sequence.
中文: 副詞「Finally」(最後)用作句子開頭的轉折詞(或銜接詞),用來引出序列中的最後一個論點、步驟或項目。
Finally, we reached the top of the mountain.
最後,我們到達了山頂。
EN: The phrasal verb 'end with' means to finish or conclude an activity, speech, or writing with a specific element or action.
中文: 片語動詞「end with」表示以特定的元素或行動來結束或終結一項活動、演說或寫作。
EN: The transition phrase 'In short' is used as a sentence adverbial to summarize previous points or state a conclusion briefly.
中文: 過渡片語「In short」(簡而言之)用作句子修飾語,用來簡要總結前文或得出結論。
In short, we must change our plan.
簡而言之,我們必須改變我們的計劃。
EN: The causative verb 'make' is used in the structure 'make + object + adjective' (make science clear) to mean causing someone or something to be in a particular state.
中文: 使役動詞「make」用於「make + 受詞 + 形容詞」(make science clear)的結構中,表示使某人或某事處於特定狀態。
Regular exercise makes your body strong.
規律運動能讓你的身體強壯。
EN: The adverb 'therefore' is used as a transition to show cause and effect. When placed in the middle of a sentence (parenthetical position), it is set off by commas and adds a formal, logical flow to the statement.
中文: 副詞「therefore」(因此)用於表示因果關係。當它放在句子中間(插入語位置)時,前後需加上逗號,這能為句子增添正式且具邏輯性的語氣。
Regular exercise, therefore, contributes to better health.
因此,規律運動有助於身體健康。
EN: The verb 'help' can be followed by an object and a bare infinitive (verb in its base form without 'to'). The pattern is: help + someone + do something.
中文: 動詞「help」(幫助)後面可以接賓語(受詞)和原型動詞(不帶 to 的不定詞)。其結構為:help + 某人 + 做某事。
This app helps students organize their schedule.
這個應用程式幫助學生規劃他們的日程。
重要單字附有 IPA 發音、定義、例句和互動式測驗。
在本文中: 收集,搜集(資訊或證據)
在本文中: 可靠的,確鑿的,有真憑實據的
在本文中: 引用,引述
在本文中: 具體的,明確的
在本文中: 含糊的,籠統的,不確切的
在本文中: 抽象的
在本文中: 結構,架構
在本文中: 探討,研究
片語包含類型標示、雙語定義、用法說明和例句。
used to introduce a contrasting point of view, fact, or argument
另一方面
because of something that has happened; consequently
結果,因此
in a way that shows a clear difference when compared with something else
相比之下,相反地
to connect or bring different elements into a united whole
結合,聯繫在一起,使(觀點等)融會貫通