Beethoven: The Boy Who Heard Music Everywhere貝多芬：到處聽見音樂的男孩
聆聽課程
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EN： Relative Clause (Adjective Clause): The word 'who' introduces a clause that describes the noun 'alcoholic'. It functions as the subject of the clause 'dreamed of wealth and fame'.
中文： 關係子句（形容詞子句）：單字 'who' 引導一個子句來描述名詞 'alcoholic'（酗酒者）。它在子句「dreamed of wealth and fame」中擔任主詞的角色。
He is a teacher who loves his students.
他是一位愛護學生的老師。
EN： Possessive Nouns: Adding 's to a proper noun (Beethoven's) indicates ownership or relationship, showing that the father belongs to Beethoven.
中文： 所有格名詞：在專有名詞後加上 's（Beethoven's）表示所有權或關係，顯示這位父親與貝多芬的關係。
Sarah's car is parked outside.
莎拉的車停在外面。
EN： In the 18th century, 'wealth and fame' were the primary drivers for musicians seeking patronage from the aristocracy. Beethoven's father, Johann, was a court musician himself but struggled with personal failures, which influenced his harsh treatment of his son.
中文： 在 18 世紀，「財富與名聲」是音樂家尋求貴族贊助的主要動力。貝多芬的父親約翰本身也是一名宮廷音樂家，但因個人失敗而掙扎，這影響了他對兒子的嚴厲管教。
EN： The verb 'want' follows the pattern 'want + object + to-infinitive'. This structure is used to express a desire for someone else to perform an action or reach a certain state.
中文： 動詞 'want' 遵循 'want + 受詞 + 不定詞 (to-V)' 的句型。此結構用於表達希望某人執行某個動作或達到某種狀態。
The teacher wanted the students to finish their homework early.
老師希望學生們能早點完成作業。
EN： The word 'like' is used here as a preposition meaning 'similar to' or 'in the same manner as'. It is used to make a comparison between two nouns.
中文： 單字 'like' 在此作為介系詞使用，意思是「像...一樣」或「以與...相同的方式」。它用於在兩個名詞之間進行比較。
She sings like an angel.
她唱歌像天使一樣。
EN： Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was the ultimate child prodigy of the 18th century. Beethoven's father, Johann, was obsessed with replicating Mozart's success to gain financial stability, which explains the immense pressure he placed on young Ludwig.
中文： 沃夫岡·阿瑪迪斯·莫札特是 18 世紀最著名的天才神童。貝多芬的父親約翰執著於複製莫札特的成功以獲得經濟上的穩定，這解釋了為什麼他對年幼的路德維希施加了巨大的壓力。
EN： The sentence uses a Reduced Relative Clause. 'Often accompanied' is a past participle phrase modifying 'hours of forced piano practice'. It is a shortened form of 'which were often accompanied'.
中文： 本句使用了「減略關係子句」。'Often accompanied' 是一個過去分詞短語，用來修飾前面的 'hours of forced piano practice'。這原本是 'which were often accompanied' 的縮略形式。
The book, written by a famous author, became a bestseller.
這本由著名作家撰寫的書成了暢銷書。
EN： The word 'even' is used as an intensive adverb to emphasize something surprising or extreme, in this case, physical violence ('hitting') following verbal abuse ('shouting').
中文： 「even」在此作為強調副詞，用來強調令人驚訝或極端的情況，在此處是指在言語辱罵（shouting）之後，甚至出現了肢體暴力（hitting）。
He was so tired that he couldn't even stand up.
他累到甚至連站都站不穩。
EN： The description reflects the historical reality of strict, sometimes abusive, 18th-century musical education. Johann van Beethoven was notorious for his harsh methods, attempting to exploit his son's talent for financial gain, mirroring Leopold Mozart's success but with much more violence.
中文： 這段描述反映了18世紀嚴厲、有時甚至是虐待性的音樂教育歷史現實。老貝多芬（Johann van Beethoven）以手段殘酷著稱，他試圖利用兒子的天賦謀取經濟利益，模仿莫札特父親的成功，但過程卻暴力得多。
EN： The sentence uses a 'Present Participle Phrase' (pushing...) acting as an adverbial modifier to describe the result or a simultaneous action of the main clause.
中文： 本句使用了「現在分詞短語」（pushing...），作為副詞修飾語，用來描述主句產生的結果或同時發生的動作。
The storm hit the city, causing widespread power outages.
暴風雨襲擊了這座城市，導致了大規模的停電。
EN： The possessive form 'Johann's' and the prepositional phrase 'for his son' function together to define the scope of the noun 'ambition'.
中文： 所有格「Johann's」與介系詞短語「for his son」共同作用，界定了名詞「ambition」（野心）的範圍與對象。
Her passion for music was evident to everyone.
她對音樂的熱情對每個人來說都很明顯。
EN： The story reflects the historical pressure placed on child prodigies in 18th-century Europe, often driven by parents seeking social mobility through their children's musical talents, similar to the case of Leopold Mozart and his son Wolfgang.
中文： 這段故事反映了 18 世紀歐洲對「神童」的歷史性壓力。當時的父母往往希望透過孩子的音樂天賦來實現社會階級的提升，這與列奧波爾德·莫札特對其子沃夫岡的期望非常相似。
EN： The preposition 'Despite' is used to introduce a contrast. It is followed by a noun phrase (the difficult upbringing) rather than a full clause with a subject and verb.
中文： 介係詞 'Despite' (儘管) 用於引出對比。其後接名詞短語（the difficult upbringing），而非包含主詞和動詞的完整子句。
Despite the heavy rain, the concert continued.
儘管雨下得很大，音樂會仍繼續進行。
EN： The adverb 'undeniably' modifies the adjective 'talented'. Adverbs ending in '-ly' are frequently used to emphasize the degree or certainty of a quality.
中文： 副詞 'undeniably' (無庸置疑地) 用來修飾形容詞 'talented'。以 '-ly' 結尾的副詞常用於強調某種特質的程度或確定性。
The view from the mountain top is undeniably beautiful.
山頂的景色無庸置疑地非常美麗。
EN： The term 'upbringing' refers to the treatment and instruction received by a child while growing up. In Beethoven's case, it highlights the contrast between his harsh domestic life and his extraordinary innate ability, a common theme in the biographies of great artists.
中文： 'upbringing' 一詞指的是孩子成長過程中所受到的照顧與教養。在貝多芬的案例中，這強調了他嚴苛的家庭生活與他非凡天賦之間的對比，這是偉大藝術家傳記中常見的主題。
EN： The prepositional phrase 'By the age of...' is used to indicate a deadline or a point in time by which something has occurred or was already true. It emphasizes the completion of an action before a specific time.
中文： 介係詞短語「By the age of...」（到...歲時）用於表示在某個特定年齡之前或當時，某事已經發生或已經成為事實。它強調在特定時間點之前的完成狀態。
By the age of five, she could already speak three languages.
到五歲時，她已經會說三種語言了。
EN： The Past Continuous tense (was working) is used here to describe a state or ongoing action that was happening during a specific period in the past.
中文： 過去進行式（was working）在此處用於描述在過去某個特定時期內正在進行的狀態或持續性動作。
He was working as a teacher when he met his wife.
他當老師那陣子遇見了他的妻子。
EN： A 'court musician' in the 18th century was a prestigious position employed by royalty or nobility. Bonn was the seat of the Elector of Cologne, making it a significant cultural center where the young Beethoven could develop his skills under aristocratic patronage.
中文： 18世紀的「宮廷音樂家」（court musician）是由皇室或貴族聘用的顯赫職位。波昂當時是科隆選帝侯的駐地，這使其成為一個重要的文化中心，年輕的貝多芬得以在貴族的資助下發展才華。
EN： The phrase 'had to' is the past tense form of 'have to', used to express an external obligation or necessity that existed in the past. It suggests that the person had no choice but to perform the action.
中文： ‘had to’ 是 ‘have to’ 的過去式，用於表達過去存在的外部義務或必要性。這暗示當事人別無選擇，必須執行該動作。
Because the bus broke down, we had to walk to the station.
因為公車壞了，我們不得不走路去車站。
EN： The preposition 'After' can be followed by a noun phrase (like 'his mother's death') to indicate the sequence of events. In this sentence, it introduces a complex noun phrase acting as a time adverbial.
中文： 介係詞 ‘After’ 後面可以接名詞短語（如 ‘his mother's death’）來表示事件的先後順序。在本句中，它引導了一個複雜的名詞短語作為時間副詞修飾語。
After the long meeting, everyone felt exhausted.
在那場漫長的會議之後，每個人都感到筋疲力盡。
EN： In 18th-century Europe, the eldest son often bore the financial responsibility for the family if the father was unable to work. Beethoven's situation was particularly dire as he had to legally petition to receive half of his father's salary to ensure his younger brothers were fed.
中文： 在 18 世紀的歐洲，如果父親無法工作，長子通常要承擔家庭的經濟責任。貝多芬的情況尤為嚴峻，他甚至必須通過法律申請領取父親一半的薪水，以確保他的弟弟們有飯吃。
EN： The verb 'weigh' is used figuratively with the adverb 'heavily' to describe a psychological or emotional burden that causes stress or pressure.
中文： 動詞 'weigh'（稱重/壓）與副詞 'heavily'（沉重地）連用，常用於比喻心理或情感上的負擔，表示某事帶來巨大的壓力。
The decision weighed heavily on her mind for weeks.
這個決定好幾個星期都讓她心頭感到沉重。
EN： The coordinating conjunction 'but' is used to connect two independent clauses, showing a contrast between the difficulty of the situation and the subject's resilience.
中文： 對等連接詞 'but' 用於連接兩個獨立子句，用以展現情況的艱難與主詞韌性之間的對比。
The exam was difficult, but he passed with high marks.
考試很難，但他以高分通過了。
EN： The concept of 'perseverance' is a central theme in Beethoven's biography. Despite his deafness and family struggles, his ability to continue composing is often cited as a prime example of the human spirit overcoming adversity in Western classical music history.
中文： 「堅持不懈」(perseverance) 是貝多芬傳記中的核心主題。儘管面臨失聰和家庭困境，他持續創作的能力在西方古典音樂史上常被視為人類精神戰勝逆境的典範。
EN： Apposition: A noun or noun phrase (the music capital of Europe) placed next to another noun (Vienna) to explain or identify it. It is often separated by commas.
中文： 同位語：將一個名詞或名詞短語（the music capital of Europe）放在另一個名詞（Vienna）旁邊，用來解釋或補充說明該名詞。通常使用逗號隔開。
Paris, the city of light, is famous for its history.
巴黎，這座光之城，以其歷史聞名。
EN： Prepositional Phrases as Time Markers: Starting a sentence with a prepositional phrase like 'At twenty-two' sets the chronological context for the main action.
中文： 介係詞短語作為時間標記：以「At twenty-two」這樣的介係詞短語開頭，為主要動作設定了時間背景。
At eighteen, she left home to study abroad.
十八歲時，她離開家鄉去留學。
EN： Vienna in the late 18th and 19th centuries was the undisputed center of Western classical music, hosting giants like Haydn, Mozart, and later, Beethoven and Schubert.
中文： 18 世紀末至 19 世紀的維也納是無庸置疑的西方古典音樂中心，曾孕育出海頓、莫札特，以及後來的貝多芬和舒伯特等大師。
EN： Compound Predicate: This sentence uses a compound predicate where two verbs ('studied' and 'amazed') share the same subject ('He'), connected by the coordinating conjunction 'and'.
中文： 複合謂語：本句使用複合謂語，其中兩個動詞（studied 和 amazed）共享同一個主詞（He），並由對等連接詞「and」連接。
She finished her homework and went out to play.
她完成了作業並出去玩了。
EN： Adverb Placement: The adverb 'quickly' is placed before the verb 'amazed' to describe the speed of the action. Adverbs of manner often precede the main verb in narrative writing.
中文： 副詞位置：副詞「quickly」放在動詞「amazed」之前，用來描述動作的速度。在敘述性寫作中，情狀副詞通常置於主要動詞之前。
The chef carefully prepared the signature dish.
廚師細心地準備了這道招牌菜。
EN： Joseph Haydn was one of the most prominent composers of the Classical period. Beethoven moving to Vienna to study with him signifies the passing of the musical torch from the established master to the rising genius.
中文： 約瑟夫·海頓是古典時期最傑出的作曲家之一。貝多芬移居維也納隨他學習，象徵著音樂傳承從成名大師移交給這位崛起的天才。
EN： The prepositional phrase 'unlike anything' is used here as an adjective phrase to modify the subject 'compositions'. It introduces a comparison that highlights uniqueness.
中文： 介係詞短語「unlike anything」在此作為形容詞短語使用，用來修飾主詞「compositions」（作品）。它引入了一種對比，用以強調其獨特性。
Her voice is unlike anything I have ever heard before.
她的聲音與我以前聽過的任何聲音都不同。
EN： The Past Perfect tense ('had ever heard') is used to describe an action that was completed before a specific point in the past (the time when they heard his compositions).
中文： 過去完成式（had ever heard）用於描述在過去某個特定時間點（即他們聽到他的作品時）之前已經完成或發生的動作。
By the time the movie ended, she had already fallen asleep.
電影結束時，她已經睡著了。
EN： Vienna in the late 18th and early 19th centuries was the center of the musical world. The 'Viennese' audience was known for being highly sophisticated and accustomed to the structured, balanced style of Haydn and Mozart. Beethoven's 'bold and emotional' style marked the transition from the Classical to the Romantic era.
中文： 18 世紀末至 19 世紀初的維也納是世界音樂中心。當時的「維也納」聽眾以品味高雅著稱，習慣於海頓和莫札特那種結構嚴謹、平衡的古典風格。貝多芬「大膽且充滿情感」的風格標誌著從古典主義時期向浪漫主義時期的轉變。
EN： The verb 'begin' can be followed by an infinitive (to + verb) or a gerund (verb-ing) with little change in meaning. In this sentence, 'began to redefine' emphasizes the start of a process or action.
中文： 動詞 'begin' 後面可以接不定詞 (to + 動詞) 或動名詞 (動詞-ing)，兩者意思差異不大。在本句中，'began to redefine' 強調一個動作或過程的開始。
The scientist began to conduct experiments on the new vaccine.
科學家開始對這種新疫苗進行實驗。
EN： The prefix 're-' is added to the verb 'define' to mean 'again' or 'differently'. 'Redefine' suggests changing the way something is understood or interpreted.
中文： 前綴 're-' 加在動詞 'define' 之前，表示「再次」或「以不同方式」。'Redefine' 意指改變某事物的定義或被理解的方式。
Technology has redefined the way we communicate.
科技重新定義了我們溝通的方式。
EN： Beethoven is often seen as a transitional figure between the Classical and Romantic eras of music. His 'unique style' refers to his use of intense dynamics and emotional depth, which broke the formal constraints of earlier composers like Haydn and Mozart.
中文： 貝多芬通常被視為音樂史上古典主義與浪漫主義時期的過渡人物。他「獨特的風格」指的是他對強烈動態和情感深度的運用，這突破了海頓和莫札特等早期作曲家的形式限制。
EN： The phrase 'In one's late [age]' is used to describe the final years of a specific decade in a person's life (typically ages 7-9 of that decade).
中文： 短語「In one's late [年齡層]」用於描述一個人生命中某個十年階段的最後幾年（通常指該十年的 7 到 9 歲）。
She decided to change her career in her late thirties.
她在三十多歲快結束時決定轉換職業跑道。
EN： The verb 'begin' can be followed by an infinitive (to + verb) to indicate the start of an action or state.
中文： 動詞「begin」後面可以接不定詞（to + 動詞），用來表示某個動作或狀態的開始。
It began to rain just as we stepped outside.
我們一踏出門，天就開始下雨了。
EN： Beethoven's hearing loss is one of the most famous tragedies in music history. It began as tinnitus (the 'buzzing' mentioned) and eventually led to near-total deafness, yet he composed some of his greatest works, like the Ninth Symphony, while unable to hear.
中文： 貝多芬的失聰是音樂史上最著名的悲劇之一。最初表現為耳鳴（即文中所說的「嗡嗡聲」），最終導致近乎全聾。然而，他卻在無法聽見的情況下創作出了如《第九號交響曲》等最偉大的作品。
EN： Adverbs of Manner at the Beginning: Adverbs like 'Slowly' and 'terrifyingly' are placed at the start of the sentence to emphasize the emotional tone or the process before the main action occurs.
中文： 情狀副詞置於句首：像 'Slowly' 和 'terrifyingly' 這樣的副詞被放在句首，用以在主要動作發生前，強調情感基調或過程。
Quietly and carefully, the thief entered the room.
安靜且小心地，小偷進入了房間。
EN： Infinitive as Direct Object: The verb 'begin' is followed by a 'to-infinitive' (to experience) which functions as the direct object of the verb, indicating the start of an action.
中文： 不定詞作為直接受詞：動詞 'begin' 後接 'to-不定詞' (to experience)，在此作為該動詞的直接受詞，表示某個動作的開始。
She began to realize the truth.
她開始意識到事實。
EN： For a classical composer like Beethoven, hearing loss was not just a medical condition but a threat to his identity and livelihood. In the 19th century, there were no modern hearing aids, making his continued composition of masterpieces like the Ninth Symphony even more miraculous.
中文： 對於像貝多芬這樣的古典音樂作曲家來說，失聰不僅僅是健康問題，更是對其身份和生計的威脅。在19世紀，沒有現代助聽器，這使得他後來能持續創作如《第九號交響曲》等傑作顯得更加不可思議。
EN： Apposition: A noun phrase (a cruel twist of fate) is placed next to another noun (tragedy) to rename or explain it further. It is often separated by a comma.
中文： 同位語 (Apposition)：將一個名詞短語（a cruel twist of fate）放在另一個名詞（tragedy）旁邊，用來進一步解釋或補充說明該名詞。通常使用逗號隔開。
The city, a bustling metropolis, never sleeps.
這座城市，一個繁華的大都市，從不眠。
EN： Prepositional Phrase for Context: Starting a sentence with 'For + [noun]' establishes the perspective or the specific context to which the statement applies.
中文： 介係詞短語表示背景：以「For + [名詞]」開頭的句子，用來建立該陳述所適用的觀點或特定背景。
For a beginner, this task is quite challenging.
對於初學者來說，這項任務相當具有挑戰性。
EN： The phrase 'twist of fate' is a common English idiom used to describe a strange, unexpected, or unlucky occurrence that seems to be decided by destiny rather than human action.
中文： 「Twist of fate」是一個常見的英文成語，用來描述一種奇怪、出乎意料或不幸的事件，彷彿是由命運決定而非人為所能控制，中文常譯為「命運的捉弄」。
EN： The structure 'keep + object + complement' (a secret) is used to describe maintaining a specific state of an object. Here, 'a secret' functions as an object complement to 'his condition'.
中文： 「keep + 受詞 + 補語」的結構用於描述維持受詞的某種狀態。在此句中，「a secret」作為「his condition」的受詞補語。
She kept the news a secret from her family.
她對家人隱瞞了這個消息。
EN： The phrase 'terrified of...' is a reduced relative clause (adjective phrase) acting as a participle-like modifier. It provides additional information about the subject's emotional state.
中文： 「terrified of...」是一個簡化關係子句（形容詞短語），作為分詞般的修飾語，用來補充說明主詞當時的情緒狀態。
He stood at the edge, terrified of falling.
他站在邊緣，深怕會掉下去。
EN： In the 19th century, a physical disability like deafness was often seen as a sign of weakness or even madness, which could end a musician's career. This explains Beethoven's extreme secrecy regarding his hearing loss.
中文： 在19世紀，像耳聾這樣的身體殘疾常被視為軟弱甚至瘋狂的徵兆，這可能會終結音樂家的職業生涯。這解釋了為什麼貝多芬對自己的失聰情況極度保密。
重要單字附有 IPA 發音、定義、例句和互動式測驗。
在本文中： 神童；在某方面展現出非凡天賦的年輕人
在本文中： 持續不斷的；嚴格且不妥協的
在本文中： 不可否認地；確鑿地
在本文中： 堅持不懈；在困難中仍繼續努力
在本文中： 重新定義；改變某事物的本質或理解方式
在本文中： 令人不安的；使人焦慮的
在本文中： 難以想像的；極其嚴重的
在本文中： 影響；衝擊
片語包含類型標示、雙語定義、用法說明和例句。
To make someone work as hard as they possibly can, often to the point of exhaustion.
挑戰極限；逼迫某人到極限
To cause someone to worry or feel concerned; to be a burden.
使心情沉重；成為沉重的負擔
An unplanned or unexpected event, often with a negative or ironic outcome.
命運的捉弄；意想不到的轉折
A musician who is employed to perform for a monarch or noble at their residence.
宮廷音樂家
A particular mode of being of a person or thing; specifically, a chronic illness or medical problem.
（健康）狀況、病症