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It is 2:13 in the morning, and you are utterly exhausted, yet your mind refuses to surrender to sleep.

現在是凌晨兩點十三分，你已經筋疲力盡，然而你的大腦卻拒絕向睡眠妥協。

Your eyes ache, your limbs feel leaden, and the impending alarm looms ominously, but racing thoughts commandeer your consciousness.

你的雙眼酸澀，四肢沉重如鉛，即將響起的鬧鐘陰森地步步逼近，但奔騰的思緒卻強行霸佔了你的意識。

This paradoxical alert state, in which physical fatigue coexists with relentless mental activity, has become remarkably prevalent in modern society.

這種矛盾的警覺狀態——其中身體的疲憊與不停歇的大腦活動並存——在現代社會中已變得極為普遍。

Researchers have emphasized that this phenomenon is not a malfunction but rather an adaptive response shaped by evolution over millennia.

研究人員強調，這種現象並非功能失調，而是經歷數千年演化所塑造出的一種適應性反應。

The human stress response originally evolved to confront immediate physical threats such as predators or environmental hazards.

人類的壓力反應最初是為了應對即時的身體威脅（例如掠食者或環境危害）而演化出來的。

For most of human history, danger was both extreme and short-lived, demanding heightened vigilance rather than restful sleep.

在人類歷史的大部分時間裡，危險既極端又短暫，需要高度的警惕，而不是安穩的睡眠。

Were a prehistoric human to fall asleep while a predator lurked nearby, the consequences would have been fatal.

如果史前人類在掠食者潛伏在附近時入睡，其後果將是致命的。

The biological mechanism behind stress-induced wakefulness involves a brain region called the amygdala, which initiates the classic fight-or-flight response.

壓力引發的覺醒背後的生物學機制涉及一個名為杏仁核的大腦區域，它會引發經典的「戰或逃」反應。

Upon detecting a perceived threat, the amygdala triggers the release of stress hormones, notably adrenaline and cortisol.

一旦偵測到感知的威脅，杏仁核就會觸發壓力荷爾蒙的釋放，特別是腎上腺素和皮質醇。

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These physiological changes include elevated heart rate, accelerated breathing, and sharpened attention.

這些生理變化包括心率加快、呼吸急促以及注意力集中。

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Energy is simultaneously diverted away from long-term maintenance functions, including the circadian processes that normally facilitate sleep.

能量同時被從長期維護功能中轉移出去，其中包括通常有助於睡眠的晝夜節律過程。

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Scientists have cautioned that the core problem for contemporary humans lies in a fundamental mismatch between ancient biology and modern stressors.

科學家警告，現代人的核心問題在於古代生物機制與現代壓力源之間的根本失衡。

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Unlike encounters with predators, today's sources of stress—financial pressures, workplace demands, and digital overstimulation—tend to be chronic rather than acute.

與面對掠食者不同，當今的壓力來源——財務壓力、工作場所需求以及數位過度刺激——往往是慢性的，而非急性的。

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Consequently, the stress response that was designed for brief emergencies now remains perpetually activated, producing sustained sleep deprivation.

因此，原本為了應對短暫緊急情況而設計的壓力反應，現在卻持續處於啟動狀態，進而導致長期的睡眠剝奪。

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Not only does this undermine cognitive performance, but it also compromises immune function and emotional regulation over time.

這不僅損害了認知表現，而且隨著時間的推移，還會損害免疫功能和情緒調節。

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Experts have argued that understanding this evolutionary legacy is essential for developing effective interventions against chronic insomnia.

專家們指出，理解這種演化遺留下來的產物，對於制定針對慢性失眠的有效干預措施至關重要。

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Rather than viewing sleeplessness as a personal failing, individuals should recognize it as a deeply ingrained survival mechanism operating in an inappropriate context.

與其將失眠視為個人的失敗，人們更應該將其視為一種在不當情境下運作、根深蒂固的生存機制。

#18

Should society fail to address the root causes of modern stress, the epidemic of sleep deprivation is likely to intensify, with far-reaching consequences for public health worldwide.

若社會未能解決現代壓力的根本原因，睡眠不足的流行病恐將加劇，並對全球公共衛生帶來深遠的後果。

Why evolution doesn't want you to sleep when you're stressed深夜失眠的科學真相

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