EN: The relative pronoun 'that' introduces a defining relative clause ('that teach us about history') which modifies the noun 'books'. In this clause, 'that' acts as the subject of the verb 'teach'.
中文: 關係代名詞「that」引導限定修飾的關係子句(形容詞子句)「that teach us about history」,用來修飾先行詞「books」(書)。在此子句中,「that」擔任動詞「teach」的主詞。
I like movies that make me laugh.
我喜歡讓我發笑的電影。
EN: The verb 'teach' can take a double object (ditransitive verb pattern): 'teach + indirect object (someone) + direct object (something)'. In this sentence, 'us' is the indirect object and 'about history' (prepositional phrase acting as the topic) functions as the direct object equivalent.
中文: 動詞「teach」(教導)可接雙賓語(授與動詞用法):「teach + 間接賓語(某人)+ 直接賓語(某事)」。在本句中,「us」是間接賓語,而「about history」(關於歷史)則作為直接賓語的等價成分,表示教導的內容。
She teaches us English every Monday.
她每週一教我們英文。
EN: The relative pronoun 'who' is used to introduce a defining relative clause that describes a person (in this case, 'the author'). The relative clause 'who wrote my favorite novel' acts like an adjective to specify which author is being referred to.
中文: 關係代名詞「who」用於引導限定修飾人的關係子句(在此句中修飾「the author」)。關係子句「who wrote my favorite novel」起形容詞作用,用來明確指出是哪一位作家。
He is the teacher who inspired me to study history.
他就是那位啟發我研究歷史的老師。
EN: Direct speech reporting with 'says [Name]'. In English, when reporting what someone says, we place the spoken words in quotation marks, followed by the reporting verb 'says' and the subject (the speaker's name).
中文: 使用「says [名字]」的直接引述句。在英文中,引述某人所說的話時,會將說出的內容放在引號內,後面接引述動詞「says」與主詞(說話者的名字)。
"I love this city," says Leo.
「我熱愛這座城市,」里奧說。
EN: The relative pronoun 'which' is used to introduce a relative clause (adjective clause) that describes a non-human noun (in this case, 'the movie'). Here, 'which' acts as the subject of the relative clause 'which won many awards'.
中文: 關係代名詞「which」用於引導修飾非人物(在此指「the movie」電影)的關係子句(形容詞子句)。在此處,「which」在關係子句「which won many awards」中擔任主詞的角色。
This is the book which inspired me to become a writer.
這就是那本啟發我成為作家的書。
EN: Direct speech reporting with 'says [Name]'. In English narrative or dialogue, when reporting what someone says, the reporting verb (says) can be placed before the subject (Emma) for stylistic variation, especially when the quote comes first.
中文: 使用「says [名字]」的直接引語轉述。在英文敘事或對話中,當轉述某人所說的話時,轉述動詞(says)可以放在主詞(艾瑪)之前以增加句型變化,特別是在引言放在最前面的時候。
"I love this city," says Leo.
「我熱愛這座城市,」里奧說。
EN: The relative pronoun 'who' is used to introduce a defining relative clause that describes a person (in this case, 'the hero'). The relative clause 'who saves the whole city' acts like an adjective to specify which hero is being referred to.
中文: 關係代名詞「who」用於引導限定修飾人的關係子句(在此句中修飾「the hero」)。關係子句「who saves the whole city」起形容詞作用,用來明確指出是哪一位英雄。
She is the teacher who inspires everyone.
她是那位啟發所有人的老師。
EN: In the relative clause 'who saves the whole city', the relative pronoun 'who' acts as the subject. Therefore, the verb 'saves' must agree in number with the antecedent 'the hero' (third-person singular).
中文: 在關係子句「who saves the whole city」中,關係代名詞「who」擔任主詞。因此,動詞「saves」必須與先行詞「the hero」(單數第三人稱)在單複數上保持一致。
EN: The relative pronoun 'that' introduces a defining relative clause ('that make me feel brave') to describe the preceding noun 'songs' (the antecedent). Since 'songs' is plural, the verb 'make' in the relative clause is in its base form.
中文: 關係代名詞「that」引導限定修飾的關係子句(形容詞子句)「that make me feel brave」,用來修飾先行詞「songs」(歌曲)。因為先行詞「songs」是複數,所以關係子句中的動詞使用原形「make」。
I prefer books that have happy endings.
我比較喜歡有快樂結局的書。
EN: The causative verb 'make' is followed by an object and a bare infinitive (verb in base form without 'to') to express causing someone or something to experience a state or perform an action. In this sentence, 'make me feel' means to cause me to experience the feeling of being brave.
中文: 使役動詞「make」後面接賓語(受格)和原形動詞(不帶 to 的不定詞),用來表示讓某人或某事產生某種狀態或做出某動作。在本句中,「make me feel」表示讓我產生勇敢的感覺。
Sad movies always make me cry.
悲傷的電影總是讓我哭泣。
EN: The relative pronoun 'who' is used to introduce a relative clause (adjective clause) that describes a person. In this sentence, 'who' acts as the subject of the relative clause 'who made this art', modifying the noun 'painter'.
中文: 關係代名詞「who」用於引導修飾「人」的關係子句(形容詞子句)。在本句中,「who」在關係子句「who made this art」中擔任主詞,用來修飾先行詞「painter」(畫家)。
She is the teacher who inspires me.
她就是那位啟發我的老師。
EN: The reporting verb 'says' is used in the simple present tense to attribute direct speech to a speaker, which is a common stylistic choice in narratives and dialogues to make the quote feel immediate.
中文: 引述動詞「says」使用現在簡單式來表示某人的直接引語。這在故事敘述或對話中是常見的修辭手法,能讓引言顯得更具臨場感。
EN: The relative pronoun 'that' is used to introduce a defining relative clause ('that changed my view') which modifies the noun 'story'. In this clause, 'that' acts as the subject of the verb 'changed'.
中文: 關係代名詞「that」用於引導限定修飾關係子句(that changed my view),用來修飾先行詞「story」(故事)。在此子句中,「that」充當動詞「changed」的主詞。
I bought a book that inspired me to travel.
我買了一本啟發我去旅行的書。
EN: The verb 'read' in this sentence is in the simple past tense (pronounced /rɛd/), indicating a completed action in the past. Its spelling remains the same as the base form 'read' (pronounced /riːd/).
中文: 本句中的動詞「read」為簡單過去式(發音為 /rɛd/),表示過去已完成的動作。其拼寫與原型動詞「read」(發音為 /riːd/)相同。
She read the email and smiled.
她讀了那封電子郵件並笑了。
EN: Subject Relative Clauses: The relative pronoun 'who' is used to introduce a relative clause that modifies a person ('the scientist'). In this clause, 'who' acts as the subject of the verb 'discovered'.
中文: 主格關係子句:關係代名詞「who」用於引導修飾人(在此為「the scientist」)的關係子句。在此子句中,「who」擔任動詞「discovered」的主詞。
He is the teacher who inspired me to study English.
他就是那位啟發我學習英文的老師。
EN: Reporting Verbs in Direct Speech: When quoting someone directly, the reporting verb (e.g., 'says') and the speaker (e.g., 'Emma') can be placed after the quote. In simple present tense, 'says' is used for a singular third-person speaker.
中文: 直接引語中的引用動詞:在直接引用某人的話時,引用動詞(例如「says」)和說話者(例如「艾瑪」)可以放在引號之後。在現在簡單式中,第三人稱單數說話者使用「says」。
EN: Relative Clauses with 'which': A relative clause is used to give more information about a noun (the antecedent). 'Which' is used as a relative pronoun to refer to things or animals. In this sentence, 'which everyone loves' describes the noun 'game'. Since 'everyone loves' has a subject (everyone) and a verb (loves), 'which' acts as the object of the relative clause and can optionally be omitted in informal English.
中文: 使用 'which' 的關係子句:關係子句用於提供關於名詞(先行詞)的更多資訊。'Which' 作為關係代名詞,用來指代事物或動物。在本句中,'which everyone loves' 修飾名詞 'game'(遊戲)。由於 'everyone loves' 包含主詞(everyone)與動詞(loves),此處的 'which' 在關係子句中擔任受格,在非正式英語中可以省略。
This is the book which I bought yesterday.
這是我昨天買的那本書。
EN: Direct Speech with Reporting Verbs: When reporting what someone said directly, the spoken words are placed inside quotation marks. The reporting phrase (e.g., 'says Ryan') can be placed after the quote. In English narrative present tense, 'says [Name]' is commonly used to make the dialogue feel immediate and active.
中文: 直接引語與說話者標示:當直接引用某人所說的話時,說出的話語會放在引號內。說話者標示(例如 'says Ryan')可以放在引言之後。在英文的敘事現在式中,常用 'says [名字]' 讓對話顯得更具臨場感與生動。
EN: Subject Relative Clauses (Adjective Clauses): The relative pronoun 'who' is used to introduce a clause that modifies the noun 'people'. In this clause, 'who' acts as the subject of the verb 'give up'.
中文: 主格關係子句(形容詞子句):關係代名詞「who」用於引導修飾名詞「people」(人)的子句。在此子句中,「who」擔任動詞「give up」的主詞。
I know a girl who speaks four languages.
我認識一個會說四種語言的女孩。
EN: Phrasal Verb 'give up': A common idiomatic phrase meaning to stop making an effort or to surrender. When followed by another verb, it takes the gerund (-ing) form.
中文: 片語動詞「give up」(放棄):這是一個常見的習慣用語,意思是停止努力或投降。如果後面接另一個動詞,該動詞需使用動名詞(-ing)形式。
You should never give up on your dreams.
你永遠不應該放棄你的夢想。
EN: The phrase 'never give up' is a deeply ingrained value in English-speaking cultures, often associated with the concept of 'grit' or perseverance. It is a common motivational slogan used in sports, education, and personal development.
中文: 「never give up」(永不放棄)是英語系國家中根深蒂固的核心價值觀,通常與「堅毅」(grit)或毅力等概念聯繫在一起。這是在體育、教育和個人成長中非常常見的勵志口號。
EN: The relative pronoun 'who' is used to introduce a defining relative clause ('who inspires me') that modifies the subject noun 'The teacher'. In this clause, 'who' acts as the subject of the verb 'inspires'.
中文: 關係代名詞「who」用於引導限定修飾名詞(關係子句「who inspires me」),用來修飾主詞名詞「The teacher」。在此子句中,「who」擔任動詞「inspires」的主詞。
The girl who won the race is my sister.
贏得比賽的那個女孩是我的妹妹。
EN: Direct speech reporting with the verb 'say'. When the reporting verb 'says Hana' comes after the direct quote, the word order can be 'says [Name]' in written English, which adds a narrative tone.
中文: 使用動詞「say」的直接引語表達。在書面英文中,當引述動詞「says Hana」置於直接引句之後時,可以使用「says + 名字」的倒裝語序,這能增添敘事色彩。
"I will arrive tomorrow," says Leo.
「我明天會到,」里奧說。
EN: In English-speaking school environments, teachers are typically addressed by their title (Mr., Ms., Mrs.) and their last name (e.g., Ms. Wu), rather than just 'Teacher'. Using 'Teacher' as a direct name is considered grammatically incorrect and unnatural in English culture.
中文: 在英語系國家的學校環境中,學生通常會以尊稱(Mr.、Ms.、Mrs.)加上姓氏(例如:吳老師 Ms. Wu)來稱呼老師,而不會直接叫「Teacher」。在英語文化中,直接把「Teacher」當作稱呼語是不合語法且不自然的。
EN: The relative pronoun 'who' is used to introduce a relative clause (adjective clause) that describes a person or people (in this case, 'heroes'). The relative clause 'who show us hope' acts as an adjective modifying the noun 'heroes'.
中文: 關係代名詞「who」用於引導關係子句(形容詞子句),用來修飾前方的人(在此指「heroes」)。關係子句「who show us hope」在此扮演形容詞的角色,修飾名詞「heroes」。
I know a teacher who speaks five languages.
我認識一位會說五種語言的老師。
EN: The verb 'show' can take two objects: an indirect object (the person receiving the action, 'us') and a direct object (the thing being shown, 'hope'). This is a ditransitive verb pattern (Subject + Verb + Indirect Object + Direct Object).
中文: 動詞「show」(展示/給…看)可以接兩個受詞:間接受詞(接受動作的人,即「us」)與直接受詞(被展示的事物,即「hope」)。這屬於雙賓動詞(授與動詞)的句型(主詞 + 動詞 + 間接受詞 + 直接受詞)。
She showed me her new drawing.
她給我看了她的新畫作。
EN: A relative clause (or adjective clause) is used to modify a noun (the antecedent). In this sentence, 'that show the power of kindness' is a relative clause modifying the noun 'stories'. The relative pronoun 'that' acts as the subject of the relative clause.
中文: 關係子句(或稱形容詞子句)用於修飾名詞(先行詞)。在本句中,「that show the power of kindness」是一個關係子句,用來修飾名詞「stories」(故事)。關係代名詞「that」在關係子句中擔任主詞的角色。
I like movies that have a happy ending.
我喜歡有快樂結局的電影。
EN: The prepositional phrase 'of kindness' uses 'of' to show possession or connection, meaning 'belonging to' or 'characterized by'. Here, 'the power of kindness' means the strength or influence that comes from being kind.
中文: 介系詞片語「of kindness」使用介系詞「of」來表示所有格或關聯性,意為「屬於...的」或「具有...特徵的」。在這裡,「the power of kindness」指的是源自於善良的力量或影響力。
She believes in the power of music.
她相信音樂的力量。
EN: The relative pronoun 'which' is used to introduce a relative clause (adjective clause) that describes a non-human noun (in this case, 'one', referring to 'book'). Here, 'which' acts as the object of the verb 'read'. In informal English, 'which' can be replaced by 'that' or even omitted.
中文: 關係代名詞「which」用於引導關係子句(形容詞子句),用來修飾非人的名詞(在此句中為代名詞「one」,指代「書」)。在這裡,「which」在子句中擔任動詞「read」的受格。在非正式英語中,「which」可以用「that」代替,甚至可以省略。
This is the camera which I bought yesterday.
這是我昨天買的相機。
EN: The present perfect tense ('have read') is used here to express an action that has occurred multiple times from the past up to the present moment. It emphasizes life experience.
中文: 現在完成式(have read)在此處用於表示從過去到現在為止已經發生過多次的動作,強調個人的生活經驗。
She has visited Japan three times.
她已經去過日本三次了。
EN: The relative pronoun 'who' is used to introduce a relative clause (adjective clause) that describes a person (the antecedent 'a girl'). In this clause, 'who' acts as the subject of the verb 'helps'.
中文: 關係代名詞「who」用於引導關係子句(形容詞子句),用來修飾前方代表人的先行詞(在此為「a girl」)。在此子句中,「who」擔任動詞「helps」的主詞。
She is the teacher who inspires everyone in our school.
她就是那位啟發我們學校所有人的老師。
EN: The preposition 'about' is used here to indicate the subject matter or topic of the pronoun 'It' (referring to the book or story). It is followed by a noun phrase 'a girl...'.
中文: 介係詞「about」在此用於表示代名詞「It」(指代書或故事)的主題或內容,後面接名詞片語「a girl...」。
This movie is about a family that moves to a new city.
這部電影是關於一個搬到新城市的家庭。
EN: The relative pronoun 'who' is used to introduce an adjective clause (relative clause) that modifies a person (in this case, 'a hero'). The relative pronoun acts as the subject of the relative clause.
中文: 關係代名詞「who」用於引導形容詞子句(關係子句),用來修飾表示人的先行詞(在此句中為「a hero」)。該關係代名詞在子句中擔任主詞的角色。
He is the teacher who inspired me to study history.
他就是那位啟發我學習歷史的老師。
EN: The phrasal verb 'ask for' means to request or demand something. In this sentence, 'asks for any reward' means requesting any form of compensation or return.
中文: 片語動詞「ask for」意為「要求」或「尋求」某事物。在本句中,「asks for any reward」表示要求任何形式的回報或報酬。
You can ask for help whenever you need it.
每當你需要的時候,你都可以尋求幫助。
EN: The concept of a 'hero' who acts selflessly without seeking recognition or reward is a deeply valued moral ideal in many cultures, emphasizing altruism over personal gain.
中文: 「無私奉獻、不求回報的英雄」這一概念在許多文化中都是備受推崇的道德典範,強調利他主義而非個人利益。
EN: The relative pronoun 'who' is used to introduce a defining relative clause (adjective clause) that modifies a person (the subject of the relative clause). In this sentence, 'who wrote it' modifies 'The author'.
中文: 關係代名詞「who」用於引導限定修飾人的關係子句(形容詞子句),在子句中擔任主詞角色。在本句中,「who wrote it」修飾先行詞「The author」(作者)。
The teacher who inspires me is Ms. Wu.
啟發我的那位老師是吳老師。
EN: Subject-Verb Agreement with Singular Nouns: The singular subject 'The author' (modified by the relative clause) takes the singular verb 'understands' (with an -s ending in the simple present tense).
中文: 單數主詞的主動詞一致性:本句的真正主詞為單數名詞「The author」(受關係子句修飾),因此在現在簡單式中,主要動詞必須使用單數動詞「understands」(字尾加 -s)。
The girl who helps people in her village lives here.
在村莊裡幫助人們的那位女孩住在這裡。
EN: The relative pronoun 'which' is used to introduce a relative clause (adjective clause) that describes a non-human noun (in this case, 'a scene'). Here, 'which' acts as the subject of the relative clause 'which always makes me cry'.
中文: 關係代名詞「which」用於引導關係子句(形容詞子句),用來修飾非人的名詞(在此句中為「a scene」)。在這裡,「which」在關係子句「which always makes me cry」中擔任主詞的角色。
This is the book which inspired my career.
這就是啟發我職業生涯的那本書。
EN: The causative verb 'make' is followed by an object and a bare infinitive (verb in its base form without 'to') to express causing someone to do something or feel a certain way.
中文: 使役動詞「make」後面接賓語(受格)和原形動詞(不帶 to 的動詞),用來表示讓某人做某事或產生某種感覺。
Sad movies always make me cry.
悲傷的電影總是讓我流淚。
EN: The relative pronoun 'who' is used to introduce a relative clause (adjective clause) that describes a person or people (in this case, 'leaders'). The relative clause 'who fight for what is right' acts as an adjective modifying the noun 'leaders'.
中文: 關係代名詞「who」用於引導關係子句(形容詞子句),用來修飾前方的人(在此句中為「leaders」)。關係子句「who fight for what is right」在此扮演形容詞的角色,修飾名詞「leaders」。
I respect teachers who encourage their students.
我尊敬那些鼓勵學生的老師。
EN: The noun clause 'what is right' functions as the object of the preposition 'for'. In this structure, 'what' means 'the thing(s) that' and acts as the subject within its own clause.
中文: 名詞子句「what is right」在此作為介係詞「for」的賓語(受詞)。在這種結構中,「what」相當於「the thing(s) that」(……的事物),並在其引導的子句中擔任主詞。
She always stands up for what she believes in.
她總是為自己所信仰的信念挺身而出。
EN: The subject 'People' is modified by the defining relative clause 'who care about others'. 'Who' is a relative pronoun acting as the subject of the relative clause, used to refer to people.
中文: 主詞「People」(人們)由限定關係子句「who care about others」(關心他人的人)所修飾。關係代名詞「who」在關係子句中擔任主詞,用來指代人。
Students who study hard usually get good grades.
努力學習的學生通常會取得好成績。
EN: The modal verb 'can' is used here to express capability or possibility. It is followed by the base form of the verb 'change'.
中文: 情態助動詞「can」在此處用於表示能力或可能性,後面接動詞原形「change」。
We can achieve our goals if we work together.
如果我們通力合作,我們就能實現目標。
EN: The relative pronoun 'that' introduces a defining relative clause ('that teach us values') that modifies the subject noun 'Good stories'. In this clause, 'that' functions as the subject of the verb 'teach'.
中文: 關係代名詞「that」引導一個限定修飾的關係子句(形容詞子句)「that teach us values」,用來修飾主詞名詞「Good stories」。在此子句中,「that」充當動詞「teach」的主詞。
Books that inspire people are always popular.
啟發人們的書總是受歡迎。
EN: The verb 'teach' can take a double object structure (ditransitive verb): 'teach + indirect object (person) + direct object (thing)'. Here, 'us' is the indirect object and 'values' is the direct object.
中文: 動詞「teach」(教導)可接雙賓語結構(授與動詞):「teach + 間接賓語(人)+ 直接賓語(事物)」。在此處,「us」(我們)是間接賓語,「values」(價值觀)是直接賓語。
She teaches us English every Friday.
她每個星期五教我們英文。
EN: The relative pronoun 'who' (or 'whom') is used to introduce an adjective clause (relative clause) that modifies the noun 'writer'. In this clause, 'who' acts as the object of the verb 'admire'. In modern English, 'who' is commonly used instead of 'whom' in casual speech.
中文: 關係代名詞「who」(或「whom」)用於引導形容詞子句(關係子句)來修飾名詞「writer」(作家)。在此子句中,「who」擔任動詞「admire」的受格。在現代英語口語中,通常會用「who」代替「whom」。
She is the teacher who I like most.
她是我最喜歡的老師。
EN: The adverb 'most' is used as a superlative adverb to modify the verb 'admire', indicating the highest degree of admiration.
中文: 副詞「most」在此處用作最高級副詞,用來修飾動詞「admire」,表示欣賞的最高程度(最……)。
Which color do you like most?
你最喜歡哪一個顏色?
EN: The relative pronoun 'who' is used to introduce a relative clause (adjective clause) that describes a person. In this sentence, 'who wrote about brave women' modifies the noun 'the author'. Since 'who' acts as the subject of the relative clause, it is followed directly by the verb 'wrote'.
中文: 關係代名詞「who」用於引導修飾「人」的關係子句(形容詞子句)。在本句中,「who wrote about brave women」修飾先行詞「the author」(作者)。由於「who」在關係子句中擔任主詞,因此其後直接接動詞「wrote」。
She is the scientist who discovered the cure.
她就是發現這種療法的科學家。
EN: Direct speech is placed inside quotation marks, and the reporting verb (e.g., 'says') can be placed after the quote. In English, when the reporting clause comes at the end, we use a comma inside the quotation marks instead of a period.
中文: 直接引語需放在引號內,而敘述動詞(例如「says」)可以放在引號之後。在英文中,當敘述子句位於句尾時,引號內要使用逗號而非句點。
EN: The relative pronoun 'which' is used to introduce a relative clause (adjective clause) that describes a non-human noun (in this case, 'movies'). It acts as the subject of the relative clause 'which have a strong message'.
中文: 關係代名詞「which」用於引導修飾非人物(在此指「movies」)的關係子句(形容詞子句)。在此子句「which have a strong message」中,它擔任主詞的角色。
I bought a book which explains the history of art.
我買了一本解釋藝術史的書。
EN: Direct speech reporting with 'says [Name]'. In English, when quoting someone, the reporting verb 'says' can be placed after the quote, followed by the subject (noun).
中文: 使用「says [名字]」的直接引語轉述。在英文中,引用某人的話時,轉述動詞「says」可以放在引號後面,其後接主詞(名詞)。
"I am ready," says Leo.
「我準備好了,」里奧說。
EN: In English, expressing that a movie or book has a 'strong message' indicates that the work conveys an important moral, social, or philosophical lesson, rather than just being pure entertainment. This is highly valued in discussions about art and media.
中文: 在英文中,說一部電影或一本書有「strong message」(強烈的訊息),代表該作品傳達了重要的道德、社會或哲學啟示,而不僅僅是純粹的娛樂。這在討論藝術和媒體時是非常常見且高度肯定的評價。
EN: The relative pronoun 'who' is used to introduce an adjective clause (relative clause) that modifies a person ('the singer'). In this sentence, 'who' acts as the object of the verb 'saw' in the relative clause. In modern English, 'who' is commonly used instead of 'whom' in this object position, and it can also be omitted entirely in informal contexts.
中文: 關係代名詞「who」用於引導形容詞子句(關係子句)來修飾表示人的先行詞(在此為「the singer」)。在本句中,「who」在關係子句中擔任動詞「saw」的受格。在現代英語中,受格位置常用「who」代替「whom」,且在非正式口語中亦可省略。
Is that the teacher who you met yesterday?
那是你昨天遇到的那位老師嗎?
EN: In reporting speech, when the reporting verb (like 'asks') and its subject (like 'Hana') are placed after the direct quotation, they can be inverted (e.g., 'asks Hana'). This inversion is a common stylistic device in narrative writing to keep the focus on the dialogue.
中文: 在引用句中,當引述動詞(如「asks」)與其主詞(如「Hana」)置於直接引語之後時,可以使用倒裝結構(例如「asks Hana」)。這種倒裝是敘事寫作中常見的修辭手法,能將焦點保持在對話內容上。
"I am ready," says Leo.
「我準備好了,」里奧說道。
EN: The relative pronoun 'who' is used to introduce a defining relative clause that describes a person (in this case, 'the artist'). The relative clause 'who inspires me' acts like an adjective to specify which artist is being referred to.
中文: 關係代名詞「who」用於引導限定修飾人的關係子句(在此句中修飾「the artist」)。關係子句「who inspires me」起形容詞作用,用來明確指出所指的是哪一位藝術家。
She is the teacher who helped me pass the exam.
她就是那位幫助我通過考試的老師。
EN: In direct speech, when the reporting verb (e.g., 'says') comes after the quoted sentence, the subject ('Leo') can either precede or follow the verb. Here, 'says Leo' is a common inversion style used in written English.
中文: 在直接引語中,當引述動詞(例如「says」)放在引號句子之後時,主詞(「Leo」)可以放在動詞之前或之後。這裡的「says Leo」是書面英文中常見的倒裝用法。
"I am ready," says Sarah.
「我準備好了,」莎拉說。
EN: Subject Relative Clauses (Adjective Clauses): The relative pronoun 'that' acts as the subject of the relative clause 'that make me think deeply' and refers back to the plural noun 'books' (the antecedent). Because 'books' is plural, the verb 'make' in the relative clause must also be plural (no '-s').
中文: 主格關係子句(形容詞子句):關係代名詞「that」在關係子句「that make me think deeply」中擔任主詞,修飾先行詞複數名詞「books」。因為「books」是複數,所以關係子句中的動詞「make」也必須使用複數形(不加 -s)。
I like movies that have a strong message.
我喜歡有著強烈傳達訊息的電影。
EN: Causative Verb 'Make': The verb 'make' is used here as a causative-like verb meaning 'to cause to do or feel'. It is followed by an object ('me') and a bare infinitive (verb base 'think') without 'to'.
中文: 使役動詞「make」的用法:此處的動詞「make」具有使役或促使的意味,表示「使某人做某事或產生某種感覺」。其後接受格(me)與原形動詞(think),不加 to。
Sad movies always make me cry.
悲傷的電影總是讓我哭泣。
EN: The relative pronoun 'who' is used to introduce a relative clause (adjective clause) that describes a person. In this sentence, 'who trained our team' modifies the noun 'coach'. Since 'who' acts as the subject of the relative clause, it is followed directly by the verb 'trained'.
中文: 關係代名詞「who」用於引導修飾人的關係子句(形容詞子句)。在本句中,「who trained our team」修飾名詞「coach」(教練)。由於「who」在關係子句中擔任主詞,因此其後直接接動詞「trained」。
She is the teacher who helped me with my English.
她就是那位在英文上幫助我的老師。
EN: Direct speech is used to report the exact words spoken by someone. When the reporting verb (e.g., 'says') and its subject (e.g., 'Emma') come after the quoted speech, they can be inverted (e.g., 'says Emma') or remain in standard order (e.g., 'Emma says').
中文: 直接引語用於轉述某人所說的原話。當說話動詞(如「says」)和主詞(如「Emma」)放在引號後面時,可以使用倒裝語序(如「says Emma」)或標準語序(如「Emma says」)。
"I am ready," says Leo.
「我準備好了,」里奧說。
EN: The relative pronoun 'which' is used to introduce a defining relative clause that gives essential information about a non-human noun (in this case, 'the app'). Here, 'which' acts as the subject of the relative clause 'which helps me study'.
中文: 關係代名詞「which」用於引導限定修飾非人事物(在此指「the app」)的關係子句,提供必要資訊。在此處,「which」在關係子句「which helps me study」中擔任主詞的角色。
This is the book which inspired my sister to become a chef.
這就是那本啟發我姐姐成為廚師的書。
EN: The verb 'help' can be followed by an object and a bare infinitive (verb without 'to'). In the phrase 'helps me study', 'study' is a bare infinitive acting as the object complement.
中文: 動詞「help」(幫助)後面可以接受詞與原型動詞(不帶 to 的不定詞)。在片語「helps me study」中,「study」為原型動詞,擔任受詞補語。
She helps her brother do his homework every evening.
她每天傍晚都幫助她弟弟做功課。
EN: Subject Relative Clauses (Adjective Clauses): The relative pronoun 'who' is used to introduce a clause that describes the subject 'People'. In this structure, 'who' acts as the subject of the relative clause ('who read a lot').
中文: 主格關係子句(形容詞子句):關係代名詞「who」用於引導一個修飾主詞「People(人們)」的子句。在此結構中,「who」在關係子句(who read a lot)中擔任主詞的角色。
Students who study hard usually pass the exams.
努力學習的學生通常會通過考試。
EN: Adverbs of Frequency and Manner: 'Often' is an adverb of frequency placed before the main verb 'write' to show how regularly the action happens. 'Well' is an adverb of manner placed after the verb 'write' to describe how the action is performed.
中文: 頻率副詞與情態副詞:「often(經常)」是頻率副詞,置於主要動詞「write」之前,表示動作發生的頻率;「well(好地)」是情態副詞,置於動詞「write」之後,用來修飾該動作進行得如何。
She often speaks English well.
她經常能把英文說得很好。
EN: The relative pronoun 'who' is used to introduce a defining relative clause that describes a person (in this case, 'someone'). The relative clause 'who helps without fear' specifies exactly what kind of person is considered a hero.
中文: 關係代名詞「who」用於引導限定修飾人(在此句中為「someone」)的關係子句。關係子句「who helps without fear」明確限定了怎樣的人才能被稱作英雄。
She is the teacher who inspired me to study history.
她就是那位啟發我學習歷史的老師。
EN: The preposition 'without' is used to express the absence of something. When followed by a noun like 'fear', it functions adverbially to describe how an action is performed (performing an action courageously).
中文: 介係詞「without」用於表示「沒有」或「無」某事物。當後面接名詞(如「fear」)時,它起副詞作用,用來修飾動作進行的方式(意即勇敢地、毫無畏懼地進行動作)。
He solved the difficult puzzle without help.
他沒有依靠任何幫助就解開了這個難題。
重要單字附有 IPA 發音、定義、例句和互動式測驗。
在本文中: 作家,著作者
在本文中: 欽佩,欣賞
在本文中: 鼓舞,激勵,啟發
在本文中: 回報,報酬,獎賞
在本文中: 人類的,人性的
在本文中: 價值觀,道德標準
在本文中: (書、電影、演說等要傳達的)啟示,核心訊息
在本文中: 深刻地,深入地
片語包含類型標示、雙語定義、用法說明和例句。
To stop trying to do something; to surrender or quit.
放棄,認輸
To feel interest in or concern about something or someone.
關心,在乎
To be remembered with affection or deep emotion for a long time.
常駐心中,永誌難忘