EN： The Present Perfect Tense (has/have + past participle) is used here to describe a past action ('has decided') that has a strong relevance or result in the present moment.
中文： 現在完成式（has/have + 過去分詞）在此處用於描述一個過去發生的動作（「已決定」），該動作與現在時刻有著密切的關聯或影響。
The government has decided to implement new tax laws.
政府已決定實施新的稅法。
EN： The phrase 'keep [something] on hold' is a common business and financial idiom meaning to delay, postpone, or maintain something in its current state without making changes.
中文： 片語「keep [something] on hold」是常見的商業與財經片語，意思是延後、暫緩或將某事維持在現有狀態而不作變動（在此指維持利率不變）。
They decided to keep the project on hold until next year.
他們決定將該專案暫緩至明年。
EN： The 'Bank of England' is the central bank of the United Kingdom, responsible for setting monetary policy, including interest rates, to ensure economic stability. Decisions on interest rates directly affect borrowing costs, mortgages, and inflation in the UK.
中文： 「英格蘭銀行」是英國的中央銀行，負責制定貨幣政策（包括利率），以確保經濟穩定。利率決策會直接影響英國的借貸成本、房貸利率以及通貨膨脹率。
EN： The phrase 'in favour of' is a prepositional phrase meaning 'in support of' or 'to the benefit of'. It is followed by a noun or a gerund (verb-ing) to indicate the action or decision being supported.
中文： 介係詞片語「in favour of」表示「贊成」、「支持」或「有利於」。其後須接名詞或動名詞（V-ing），用以表示所支持的行動或決定。
The majority of the board members voted in favour of implementing the new policy.
大多數董事會成員投票贊成實施新政策。
EN： The verb 'leave' can be used in the pattern 'leave + object + adjective' to mean 'to cause or allow someone or something to remain in a specified state'. Here, 'rates' is the object and 'unchanged' is the adjective.
中文： 動詞「leave」可用於「leave + 受詞 + 形容詞」的句型，表示「使某人或某事物保持在特定狀態」。在此處，「rates」（利率）是受詞，「unchanged」（不變的）是形容詞作受詞補語。
Please leave the door open so the fresh air can circulate.
請把門開著，好讓新鮮空氣流通。
EN： The 'monetary policy committee' (MPC) refers specifically to the committee of the Bank of England responsible for making decisions about the official interest rates in the United Kingdom. The voting ratio (seven to two) highlights that while there was a strong consensus, the decision was not unanimous, reflecting differing economic outlooks among policymakers.
中文： 「貨幣政策委員會」（MPC）特指英格蘭銀行負責制定英國官方利率決策的委員會。投票比例（七比二）顯示出雖然委員會內部有很強的共識，但並非一致通過，這反映了決策者之間對經濟前景的不同看法。
EN： The 'it is + adjective + to-infinitive' structure uses 'it' as a dummy subject (or preparatory subject) to represent the real subject, which is the infinitive clause ('to raise rates') placed at the end of the clause for better sentence balance.
中文： 「it is + 形容詞 + 不定詞」結構使用「it」作為虛主詞（或稱先行主詞），用以代表真正的主詞，即置於句尾以使句子結構平衡的不定詞子句（在此為「to raise rates」）。
It is important to save money for the future.
為未來存錢是很重要的。
EN： The prepositional phrase 'because of' is used to introduce a reason. Unlike the conjunction 'because', which must be followed by a full clause (subject + verb), 'because of' must be followed by a noun, pronoun, or noun phrase.
中文： 介系詞片語「because of」用於引導原因。與後面必須接完整子句（主詞 + 動詞）的連接詞「because」不同，「because of」後面必須接名詞、代名詞或名詞片語。
The flight was delayed because of the heavy rain.
因為暴雨，班機延誤了。
EN： Present Perfect Tense (has + past participle) is used here to describe an action that happened in the recent past and has a direct relevance or effect on the present situation.
中文： 現在完成式（has + 過去分詞）在此處用於描述在最近過去發生、且對現在狀況有直接關聯或影響的動作。
The company has launched its new product this week.
該公司已在本週推出了新產品。
EN： The preposition 'for' is used to indicate the target or object of the noun 'forecast', specifying what the forecast is about (inflation).
中文： 介係詞「for」在此處用於指出名詞「forecast（預測）」的目標或對象，明確說明該預測是針對什麼（通貨膨脹）。
The weather forecast for tomorrow predicts heavy rain.
明天的天氣預報預測會有大雨。
EN： The 'Bank' in this context refers to the Bank of England, which is the central bank of the United Kingdom. It is responsible for setting monetary policy, including interest rates, to control inflation and maintain economic stability.
中文： 此處的「Bank」指的是「英格蘭銀行」，即英國的中央銀行。它負責制定貨幣政策（包括利率），以控制通貨膨脹並維持經濟穩定。
EN： The structure 'predict + that-clause' is used to report a forecast or expectation about the future. Since the prediction was made in the past ('predicted'), the future-in-the-past auxiliary verb 'would' is used in the noun clause instead of 'will'.
中文： 「predict + that 子句」結構用於報告對未來的預測或期望。由於預測是在過去做出的（使用過去式 predicted），因此名詞子句中必須使用過去未來式助動詞「would」，而非「will」。
The report predicted that the economy would recover next year.
該報告預測經濟將在明年復甦。
EN： The prepositional phrase 'by the end of...' is used to indicate a deadline or a point in time before which an action will be completed or a state will be reached.
中文： 介係詞片語「by the end of...」（在……結束之前）用於表示截止日期或某個時間點，在該時間點之前某個動作將會完成或達到某種狀態。
We need to submit the project by the end of the month.
我們需要在本月底前提交該專案。
EN： Comparative Adjectives: The structure 'adjective + -er + than' is used to compare two things. In this sentence, 'lower than' compares the current forecast with the previous one.
中文： 比較級形容詞：結構「形容詞 + -er + than」用於比較兩個事物。在本句中，「lower than」（低於）將當前的預測與之前的預測進行比較。
This smartphone is faster than the old one.
這款智慧型手機比舊的那款更快。
EN： Relative Clause with Passive Voice: 'that was made in April' is a defining relative clause modifying the pronoun 'one'. It uses the passive voice ('was made') to show that the action was performed on the forecast, not by it.
中文： 關係子句與被動語態：「that was made in April」是一個限定關係子句，用來修飾代名詞「one」。它使用被動語態（was made）來表示該動作是施加在預測上，而不是由預測本身發出。
The decision that was announced yesterday surprised everyone.
昨天宣布的決定讓每個人都感到驚訝。
EN： In financial and economic contexts, forecasts are regularly updated (often quarterly or monthly) by central banks like the Bank of England. Comparing current forecasts to previous ones (such as those from 'April') is a standard way to analyze economic trends and policy shifts.
中文： 在財經與經濟背景下，像英格蘭銀行這樣的中央銀行會定期（通常是每季或每月）更新預測。將當前的預測與先前的預測（例如「四月」的預測）進行比較，是分析經濟趨勢和政策轉變的標準方法。
EN： Apposition (同位語): A noun phrase placed next to another noun to identify or explain it. Here, 'the governor of the Bank of England' is an appositive phrase explaining who 'Andrew Bailey' is.
中文： 同位語：緊跟在另一個名詞後面的名詞片語，用於解釋或說明該名詞。在此句中，「the governor of the Bank of England」（英格蘭銀行總裁）是同位語片語，用來解釋「Andrew Bailey」（安德魯·貝利）的身分。
Mr. Smith, the principal of our school, will give a speech tomorrow.
我們學校的校長史密斯先生明天將發表談話。
EN： Noun Clause as Object (名詞子句作賓語/受詞): The conjunction 'that' introduces a noun clause ('that consumers should expect...') which functions as the direct object of the reporting verb 'warned'.
中文： 名詞子句作受詞：連接詞「that」引導一個名詞子句（「that consumers should expect...」），在句中作為述語動詞「warned」（警告）的直接受詞。
She warned that the road would be very slippery after the rain.
她警告說雨後路面會非常濕滑。
EN： The 'Bank of England' is the central bank of the United Kingdom, often referred to as 'the Old Lady of Threadneedle Street'. The 'governor' is the highest-ranking official in the bank, responsible for monetary policy and economic stability. Andrew Bailey has served in this role since March 2020.
中文： 「英格蘭銀行」（Bank of England）是英國的中央銀行，常被暱稱為「針線街的老婦人」（the Old Lady of Threadneedle Street）。其「總裁」（governor）是該行的最高首長，負責貨幣政策與經濟穩定。安德魯·貝利（Andrew Bailey）自2020年3月起擔任此職。
EN： Indirect Speech (Reported Speech): When reporting what someone said in the past, we often use a reporting verb like 'said' followed by a 'that' clause (where 'that' can be omitted). The tense of the verbs inside the reported clause often shifts backward (backshifting), though present perfect ('has created') can sometimes be used to emphasize the ongoing relevance of the situation to the present.
中文： 間接引語（轉述語氣）：當轉述某人過去所說的話時，我們通常會使用像 'said' 這樣的轉述動詞，後接一個由 'that' 引導的子句（'that' 可省略）。轉述子句中的動詞時態通常會往過去推移（時態回推），但有時也可以使用現在完成式（'has created'）來強調該狀況對現在的持續影響。
She said the new policy has improved working conditions.
她說新政策改善了工作條件。
EN： Present Perfect Tense: Used here ('has created') to describe an action that started in the past and has a strong connection or impact on the present situation.
中文： 現在完成式：此處使用 'has created' 來描述一個始於過去、且對目前局勢有著強烈關聯或影響的動作。
The heavy rain has caused traffic delays across the city.
暴雨已導致全市交通延誤。
EN： The mention of the 'Middle East' in relation to 'energy prices' reflects the region's historical and ongoing geopolitical significance as a major global producer of oil and natural gas. In financial and central banking contexts, conflicts in this region are closely monitored because they can lead to supply disruptions, causing global energy prices and inflation to spike.
中文： 提及「中東」與「能源價格」的關係，反映了該地區作為全球主要石油和天然氣產地，在歷史及當前地緣政治上的重要地位。在金融與中央銀行的脈絡中，該地區的衝突受到密切關注，因為衝突可能導致供應中斷，進而引發全球能源價格與通貨膨脹飆升。
EN： The phrase 'in the pipeline' is an idiom used as an adjective or adverb meaning 'in progress', 'under development', or 'about to happen in the near future'. It is commonly used in business and economic contexts.
中文： 片語「in the pipeline」是一個慣用語，用作形容詞或副詞，意思是「在進行中」、「在醞釀中」或「即將發生」。這在商業和經濟背景中非常常用。
Several new projects are in the pipeline for next year.
明年有幾個新項目正在醞釀中。
EN： The conjunction 'even though' is used to introduce a concession clause, expressing a fact that makes the main statement surprising. It is followed by a subject and a verb, and is stronger than 'although'.
中文： 連接詞「even though」（雖然、儘管）用於引導讓步子句，表示一個使主句顯得令人驚訝的事實。其後接主詞和動詞，語氣比「although」更強。
Even though she was tired, she finished her homework.
儘管她很累，她還是完成了作業。
EN： The phrase 'in the pipeline' originally comes from the oil and gas industry, referring to products physically traveling through a pipeline. Over time, it became a widely used business and economic idiom to describe goods, projects, or economic effects (like inflation) that are planned or developing and will arrive in the future.
中文： 「in the pipeline」這個片語最初源於石油和天然氣工業，指產品實際在管道中輸送。隨著時間推移，它成為商業和經濟領域廣泛使用的慣用語，用來描述正在規劃、醞釀中，且在未來即將到來的商品、項目或經濟效應（如通貨膨脹）。
EN： Passive Voice (was announced): Used when the action itself is more important than who performed it, or when the agent is unknown. It is formed with the verb 'to be' (was) + past participle (announced).
中文： 被動語態 (was announced)：當動作本身比執行者更重要，或者執行者未知時使用。其結構為「be 動詞 (was) + 過去分詞 (announced)」。
The results were published on the official website.
結果已公佈在官方網站上。
EN： The prepositional phrase 'on the same day as': Used to show that two events happened at the exact same time. 'As' introduces the second event or reference point.
中文： 介系詞片語「on the same day as」（在與……同一天）：用於表示兩個事件在完全相同的時間發生。「as」後面接第二個事件或參考點。
She started her new job on the same day as her birthday.
她在她生日的同一天開始了她的新工作。
EN： In the UK, major economic announcements, such as interest rate decisions by the Bank of England and employment data from the Office for National Statistics (ONS), are highly anticipated events that can significantly impact financial markets. When these events coincide on the same day, it often leads to intense analysis by economists and media regarding the health of the British economy.
中文： 在英國，重大經濟數據的公佈（例如英格蘭銀行的利率決議以及國家統計局發佈的就業數據）都是備受矚目的事件，會對金融市場產生重大影響。當這些事件在同一天重合時，通常會引發經濟學家和媒體對英國經濟健康狀況的密集分析。
EN： The past simple tense of the irregular verb 'fall' is 'fell'. It is used here to describe a completed action in the past.
中文： 不規則動詞「fall」（下降）的過去式為「fell」。在此處用於描述過去已完成的動作或狀態。
The temperature fell rapidly after sunset.
日落後氣溫迅速下降。
EN： The present participle phrase 'leading up to' acts as an adjective modifying 'the three months'. It means 'occurring before' or 'resulting in' a specific time.
中文： 現在分詞片語「leading up to」（直至今、在...之前）在此作為形容詞修飾「the three months」（這三個月），表示在特定時間點之前的一段時間。
She was very busy in the weeks leading up to the exam.
在考試前的幾個星期裡，她非常忙碌。
EN： In the United Kingdom, employment and unemployment statistics are typically published monthly by the Office for National Statistics (ONS). They often report figures based on a rolling three-month average (e.g., 'the three months leading up to April') rather than a single month, to provide a more stable and accurate picture of the labor market trends.
中文： 在英國，就業與失業統計數據通常由國家統計局（ONS）按月發布。他們經常報告基於滾動三個月平均值（例如「截至四月的三個月」）的數據，而非單一月份，以提供更穩定且準確的勞動力市場趨勢畫面。
EN： The conjunction 'as' is used here to mean 'because' or 'at the same time that', showing a causal or temporal relationship between the reduction in recruitment and the drop in job vacancies.
中文： 連接詞「as」在此處表示「因為」或「與此同時」，用於表示企業減少招聘與職缺數量下降之間的因果或時間關聯。
As the demand for electric cars grew, the company increased its production.
隨著對電動汽車的需求增長，該公司增加了產量。
EN： The phrase 'its lowest level in five years' uses the superlative adjective 'lowest' to compare the current level with all levels over the past five years.
中文： 片語「its lowest level in five years」（五年來的最低點）使用最高級形容詞「lowest」來將目前的水平與過去五年內的所有水平進行比較。
The temperature dropped to its lowest level in ten years.
氣溫降至十年來的最低點。
EN： The verb 'expect' is often followed by a noun clause starting with 'that' (which can be omitted in informal contexts) to express a belief or prediction about a future event.
中文： 動詞「expect」（預計/期待）後面經常接由「that」引導的名詞子句（在非正式語境中「that」可省略），用來表達對未來事件的看法或預測。
The economists expect that the inflation rate will drop next month.
經濟學家預計下個月通貨膨脹率將會下降。
EN： The linking verb 'remain' is used to describe a state that continues to exist without changing. It is commonly followed by an adjective (like 'unchanged') to describe the subject.
中文： 連繫動詞「remain」（保持/依然）用於描述某種持續存在且未曾改變的狀態。其後通常接形容詞（如「unchanged」）來修飾主詞。
The shops will remain closed during the public holiday.
這些商店在公眾假期期間將保持關閉。
EN： Deutsche Bank is a major German multinational investment bank and financial services company. In financial news, major global banks like Deutsche Bank frequently publish forecasts and economic analyses regarding the monetary policies of other countries, such as the United Kingdom's interest rates set by the Bank of England.
中文： 德意志銀行（Deutsche Bank）是一家總部位於德國的大型跨國投資銀行與金融服務公司。在財經新聞中，像德意志銀行這樣的全球主要銀行經常會針對其他國家的貨幣政策（例如英格蘭銀行對英國利率的調整）發表預測與經濟分析報告。
EN： Apposition (Appositive noun phrase): A noun phrase placed next to another noun to identify or explain it. Here, 'Sanjay Raja' is in apposition to 'Their chief economist for the United Kingdom', identifying who the economist is.
中文： 同位語（同位名詞片語）：將一個名詞片語放在另一個名詞旁邊，用以解釋或說明其身份。在此處，「桑傑·拉賈」是「他們負責英國的首席經濟學家」的同位語，用來指出這位經濟學家是誰。
My English teacher, Mr. Smith, loves reading novels.
我的英文老師史密斯先生喜歡讀小說。
EN： Indirect Speech (Reported Speech): When reporting what someone said using a past tense reporting verb like 'said', the tenses in the reported clause typically shift backward (backshift). Here, 'there are' becomes 'there were'.
中文： 間接引語（轉述語氣）：當使用過去式動詞（如 'said'）來轉述某人所說的話時，被轉述子句中的時態通常需要往過去推移。在此處，「there are」（有）變成了過去式「there were」。
She said there was a meeting the next day.
她說隔天有一場會議。
EN： Reduced Relative Clauses (Past Participle): The phrase 'caused by...' is a reduced relative clause modifying 'the economic uncertainty'. It is shortened from 'which was caused by...'. This structure is commonly used in written English to make sentences more concise.
中文： 簡化關係子句（過去分詞）：片語「caused by...」（由……所引起）是一個簡化關係子句，用來修飾「the economic uncertainty」（經濟不確定性）。它是由「which was caused by...」簡化而來。這種結構在英文書面語中非常常見，能使句子更為精簡。
The damage caused by the storm was expensive to repair.
由暴風雨造成的損害修復費用非常昂貴。
EN： Preposition + Gerund: The preposition 'to' in 'approach to' is followed by a gerund ('setting') rather than an infinitive verb. In this context, 'to' functions as a preposition meaning 'towards' or 'regarding', so it must be followed by a noun or a verb ending in -ing.
中文： 介係詞 + 動名詞：在「approach to」中的介係詞「to」後面接的是動名詞（setting），而非不定詞動詞。在此情境中，「to」作為介係詞，表示「對於……」或「關於……」的方法，因此後面必須接名詞或 -ing 結尾的動詞。
Her approach to solving problems is very systematic.
她解決問題的方法非常系統化。
EN： The 'Bank of England' (often referred to as the 'BoE' or 'The Old Lady of Threadneedle Street') is the central bank of the United Kingdom. Its Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) is responsible for setting the UK's official interest rate, which has a significant impact on the global economy, particularly in relation to inflation and currency values.
中文： 「英格蘭銀行」（通常簡稱為「BoE」或被稱為「針線街的老婦人」）是英國的中央銀行。其貨幣政策委員會（MPC）負責制定英國的官方利率，這對全球經濟有著重大影響，特別是在通貨膨脹和貨幣價值方面。
重要單字附有 IPA 發音、定義、例句和互動式測驗。
在本文中： 不確定性，指未來局勢不明朗或無法預測的狀態
在本文中： 預測，（尤指對經濟、天氣等的）預報
在本文中： 通貨膨脹，物價持續上漲的經濟現象
在本文中： （此處指中央銀行的）總裁、行長
在本文中： 衝突，（尤指武裝）衝突、戰爭
在本文中： 壓力，此處指促使物價上漲的推動力
在本文中： 職缺，工作空缺
在本文中： 招聘，招募新員工的過程
片語包含類型標示、雙語定義、用法說明和例句。
The percentage of amount charged by a lender to a borrower for the use of assets.
利率
Delayed, suspended, or kept in an unchanged state temporarily.
暫不改變、擱置、延期
The actions of a central bank or other regulatory committee that determine the size and rate of growth of the money supply.
貨幣政策
In progress, being planned, or about to happen in the near future.
在醞釀中、在管道中、即將發生