Tadao Ando: Concrete Poetry安藤忠雄：清水模與光的建築大師
聆聽課程
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EN： Appositive: A noun or noun phrase that sits next to another noun to rename or describe it. In this sentence, 'a small concrete house in Osaka' is an appositive describing 'the Row House in Sumiyoshi'.
中文： 同位語：緊跟在另一個名詞後面的名詞或名詞短語，用於重新命名或描述該名詞。在本句中，「a small concrete house in Osaka」是描述「the Row House in Sumiyoshi」的同位語。
My brother, a talented musician, lives in London.
我的哥哥是一位才華橫溢的音樂家，他住在倫敦。
EN： Past Simple Tense: Used to describe actions that were completed at a specific time in the past. The verb 'designed' indicates the action happened in 1976.
中文： 過去簡單式：用於描述在過去特定時間完成的動作。動詞「designed」表示該設計動作發生在 1976 年。
She visited the museum yesterday.
她昨天參觀了博物館。
EN： The Row House in Sumiyoshi (Azuma House) is one of Tadao Ando's earliest and most iconic works. It is famous for its use of exposed concrete and its central open-air courtyard, which forces residents to experience nature (and weather) within their home, reflecting Ando's philosophy of integrating nature into architecture.
中文： 住吉長屋（東邸）是安藤忠雄最早且最具代表性的作品之一。它以清水混凝土的運用和中央露天中庭而聞名，這種設計迫使居住者在室內也能感受自然（及天氣），反映了安藤將自然融入建築的哲學。
EN： Compound Sentence with 'and': A compound sentence joins two independent clauses (complete thoughts) using a coordinating conjunction like 'and'. It shows a sequence of events or related ideas.
中文： 使用 'and' 的對等複合句：複合句使用對等連接詞（如 'and'）將兩個獨立子句（完整的想法）連接起來。這表示事件的先後順序或相關聯的觀點。
The movie was long but interesting, and it received many positive reviews.
這部電影很長但很有趣，並且獲得了許多好評。
EN： Superlative Adjectives: The superlative form (the + most + adjective) is used to describe an object which is at the upper or lower limit of a quality.
中文： 最高級形容詞：最高級形式（the + most + 形容詞）用於描述在某種品質上達到最高或最低極限的事物。
This is the most expensive restaurant in the city.
這是這座城市裡最昂貴的餐廳。
EN： The 'architecture prize' mentioned refers to the Annual Prize of the Architectural Institute of Japan, which Ando won for the Row House in 1979. This was a turning point because the prize was typically given to large-scale projects, not tiny concrete houses.
中文： 這裡提到的「建築獎」是指 1979 年安藤忠雄憑藉「住吉的長屋」獲得的日本建築學會獎。這是一個轉折點，因為該獎項通常頒發給大型項目，而非微小的混凝土住宅。
EN： The structure 'Subject + be + Adjective + that-clause' is used to express the reason for an emotion or reaction. The 'that-clause' functions as a noun clause explaining why the subject feels a certain way.
中文： 「主詞 + be動詞 + 形容詞 + that 子句」的結構用於表達產生某種情緒或反應的原因。這裡的 that 子句作為名詞子句，解釋了主詞感到震驚的原因。
The audience was amazed that the young pianist played so flawlessly.
觀眾對於那位年輕鋼琴家演奏得如此完美感到驚訝。
EN： The modal verb 'could' is used here to express possibility or ability in the past, often conveying a sense of surprise or disbelief in this context.
中文： 助動詞「could」在此處用於表達過去的可能性或能力，在本文境中通常帶有一種驚訝或難以置信的語氣。
No one believed that a small startup could disrupt the entire industry.
沒有人相信一家小型初創公司能顛覆整個行業。
EN： In the highly structured world of Japanese architecture, professional success usually requires a formal university degree and apprenticeship. Tadao Ando's rise as a self-taught architect who won the Pritzker Prize is an extraordinary exception that challenged traditional social expectations.
中文： 在日本等級森嚴的建築界，職業成功通常需要正式的大學學位和學徒經歷。安藤忠雄作為一名贏得普立茲克獎的自學建築師，其崛起是一個挑戰傳統社會預期的非凡例外。
EN： The verb 'establish' is used here in the pattern 'establish someone as something,' meaning to place someone in a position of respect or recognition within a particular field.
中文： 動詞「establish」在此處使用「establish someone as something」的句型，意指使某人在特定領域中獲得認可或確立其地位。
Her first novel established her as a leading voice in contemporary literature.
她的第一部小說使她成為當代文學界的重要代表。
EN： The phrase 'a major force' is a common metaphor in English used to describe a person or organization that has significant influence and power within a specific industry.
中文： 片語「a major force」是英文中常見的比喻，用來形容在特定行業中具有重大影響力與實力的個人或組織。
The tech giant remains a major force in the global market.
這家科技巨頭在全球市場中仍是一股主要力量。
EN： The 'Row House in Sumiyoshi' (Azuma House) is a pivotal work in modern Japanese architecture. It reflects Tadao Ando's philosophy of creating private spaces that embrace nature (light and wind) even in dense urban environments. Its success was unusual because Ando lacked formal architectural training.
中文： 「住吉的長屋」（東邸）是現代日本建築的關鍵作品。它體現了安藤忠雄即使在密集的城市環境中，也要創造擁抱自然（光與風）的私人空間之哲學。這件作品的成功極具傳奇色彩，因為安藤當時並未受過正規的建築教育。
EN： The superlative form 'most famous' is used to compare three or more things, indicating the one that possesses the quality to the highest degree. For adjectives with two or more syllables, 'most' is placed before the adjective.
中文： 最高級形式 'most famous' 用於比較三個或更多事物，表示在某種特質上達到最高程度。對於兩個音節以上的形容詞，通常在形容詞前加上 'most'。
This is the most beautiful garden in the city.
這是這座城市中最花園。
EN： The word 'also' is an adverb used to add extra information. In this sentence, it is part of an appositive phrase 'also in Osaka' which provides additional details about the location of the building.
中文： 單字 'also' 是一個副詞，用於增加額外資訊。在本句中，它屬於同位語短語 'also in Osaka' 的一部分，用來補充說明建築物的位置。
She is a talented singer and also a great dancer.
她是一位有才華的歌手，也是一位出色的舞者。
EN： The 'Church of the Light' (Ibaraki Kasugaoka Church) is one of Tadao Ando's most iconic works. It perfectly embodies his philosophy of using 'Zen' principles and the interplay of light and shadow within stark concrete structures to create a spiritual atmosphere.
中文： 「光之教堂」（茨木春日丘教會）是安藤忠雄最具代表性的作品之一。它完美體現了他的建築哲學：利用「禪」的原則，在純粹的混凝土結構中透過光影交錯來營造神聖的精神氛圍。
EN： The causative verb 'let' is used to mean 'allow something to happen.' It is followed by an object and the base form of the verb (bare infinitive) without 'to'.
中文： 使役動詞 'let' 用於表示「允許某事發生」。其後接受詞，再接原形動詞（不帶 to 的不定詞）。
The large windows let the cool breeze enter the room.
大窗戶讓涼爽的微風吹進房間。
EN： Compound adjectives are often formed by joining two words with a hyphen (e.g., 'cross-shaped') to modify a noun. This describes the specific form or appearance of the object.
中文： 複合形容詞通常由兩個單字以連字號連接而成（例如 'cross-shaped'），用來修飾名詞。這描述了物體特定的形狀或外觀。
She bought a heart-shaped box for the chocolates.
她買了一個心形的盒子來裝巧克力。
EN： The 'Church of the Light' is one of Tadao Ando's most famous works. It exemplifies his philosophy of using 'negative space' and natural light as a primary building material, creating a spiritual atmosphere through minimalism rather than ornate decoration.
中文： 「光之教堂」是安藤忠雄最著名的作品之一。它體現了他將「負空間」和自然光作為主要建築材料的哲學，透過極簡主義而非華麗裝飾來營造神聖的氛圍。
EN： Present Participle Phrase (V-ing): The phrase 'transforming the space' is a reduced relative clause or a participial phrase used to show a result or a simultaneous action. It describes the effect of the main clause.
中文： 現在分詞短語 (V-ing)：'transforming the space' 是一個分詞短語，用來表示結果或同時發生的動作。在此句中，它描述了主句動作所產生的影響或結果。
The heavy rain lasted for hours, causing floods in the city.
大雨持續了數小時，導致城市淹水。
EN： Subject-Verb Agreement (Third Person Singular): 'This' is a singular demonstrative pronoun acting as the subject, requiring the verb 'create' to take the '-s' ending in the simple present tense.
中文： 主詞與動詞一致性（第三人稱單數）：'This' 是單數指示代名詞作為主詞，因此動詞 'create' 在現在簡單式中必須加上 '-s' 結尾。
This design makes the room look much larger.
這個設計讓房間看起來大得多。
EN： The 'Church of the Light' is one of Tadao Ando's most famous works. It exemplifies his philosophy of using 'negative space' and natural elements to create a spiritual atmosphere without traditional religious ornamentation.
中文： 「光之教會」是安藤忠雄最著名的作品之一。它體現了他利用「負空間」和自然元素來創造精神氛圍的哲學，而非使用傳統的宗教裝飾。
EN： Passive Voice (was built): Used when the action is more important than the person performing it. It is formed with 'be' + past participle.
中文： 被動語態 (was built)：當動作本身比執行動作的人更重要時使用。結構為「be 動詞 + 過去分詞」。
The bridge was completed in 1920.
這座橋是在 1920 年完工的。
EN： Present Participle Phrase (showing...): A comma followed by a verb-ing acts as a resultative or descriptive clause, explaining the effect or additional detail of the preceding main clause.
中文： 現在分詞短語 (showing...)：逗號後接動詞-ing 形式作為結果或描述性子句，用來解釋前述主句產生的結果或補充細節。
The heavy rain lasted for hours, causing a flood.
大雨持續了數小時，導致了洪水。
EN： Tadao Ando is famous for his 'minimalist' approach. The Church of the Light (Ibaraki Kasugaoka Church) is a prime example of how he uses simple materials like concrete to create spiritual experiences, often necessitated by limited funding.
中文： 安藤忠雄以「極簡主義」聞名。光之教堂（茨木春日丘教會）是他如何利用混凝土等簡單材料創造心靈體驗的典範，這往往也是在預算有限的情況下被激發出的創意。
EN： The Subject Complement: In this sentence, 'the combination...' is a noun phrase acting as a subject complement following the linking verb 'is'. It renames or defines the subject 'Tadao's signature style'.
中文： 主詞補語：在此句子中，「the combination...」是一個名詞短語，接在連綴動詞「is」之後作為主詞補語。它的作用是重新定義或說明主詞「安藤忠雄的招牌風格」。
Her favorite hobby is the collection of vintage stamps.
她最喜歡的嗜好是收集古董郵票。
EN： The Noun Phrase 'Combination of A with B': This structure is used to describe the act or result of joining two different things together to form a whole.
中文： 名詞短語「A 與 B 的結合」：此結構用於描述將兩種不同的事物結合在一起以形成一個整體的行為或結果。
The dish is a delicious combination of sweet and spicy flavors.
這道菜是甜味與辣味的美味結合。
EN： Tadao Ando is famous for his use of 'exposed concrete,' a style that emphasizes the raw beauty of the material. In Japanese aesthetics, this relates to 'Wabi-sabi,' finding beauty in simplicity and natural processes.
中文： 安藤忠雄以使用「清水混凝土」聞名，這種風格強調材料的原始美感。在日本美學中，這與「侘寂」（Wabi-sabi）的概念相關，即在簡單與自然過程中尋找美。
EN： The verb 'integrate' is often used with the preposition 'into' to describe the process of combining one thing with another so that they become a whole.
中文： 動詞 'integrate' (整合/融入) 通常與介係詞 'into' 連用，用來描述將一事物與另一事物結合，使之成為一個整體的過程。
The software allows users to integrate their calendars into the main dashboard.
這款軟體允許使用者將他們的日曆整合到主控制面板中。
EN： Adverbs of manner (like 'masterfully') are often placed before the main verb to emphasize how an action is performed.
中文： 情狀副詞（如 'masterfully'，意為熟練地、巧妙地）通常放在主要動詞之前，以強調動作進行的方式。
She carefully painted the delicate flowers.
她仔細地繪製了那些嬌嫩的花朵。
EN： Tadao Ando's architecture is famous for 'shintai' (body), emphasizing the physical experience of nature within man-made structures. His use of light and wind is not just aesthetic but rooted in Japanese Zen philosophy of minimalism and connection to the environment.
中文： 安藤忠雄的建築以「身體性」聞名，強調在人造建築中對自然的感官體驗。他對光與風的運用不僅是為了美觀，更深植於日本禪宗的極簡主義以及與環境連結的哲學。
EN： The correlative conjunction 'both A and B' is used to emphasize that two different qualities or facts are equally true for the subject. It connects two parallel structures (in this case, adjectives: 'modern' and 'ancient').
中文： 對等連詞 'both A and B' 用於強調兩個不同的特質或事實對於主體來說同樣成立。它連接兩個對等的結構（在本句中為形容詞：'modern' 與 'ancient'）。
The movie is both entertaining and educational.
這部電影既有趣又具有教育意義。
EN： The preposition 'in' is used here to indicate the respect or area in which something possesses a quality. 'In their simplicity' explains why the buildings feel modern.
中文： 介係詞 'in' 在此處用於表示某物在某個方面或領域具備某種特質。'In their simplicity' 解釋了為什麼這些建築給人現代的感覺。
The two sisters are similar in their appearance.
這對姐妹在長相上非常相似。
EN： This sentence encapsulates the core philosophy of Tadao Ando's architecture. He is famous for using 'exposed concrete' (a modern material) to create spaces that evoke a sense of Zen and timelessness, often found in traditional Japanese aesthetics.
中文： 這句話概括了安藤忠雄建築的核心哲學。他以使用「清水混凝土」（一種現代材料）而聞名，卻能創造出喚起禪意與永恆感的空間，這在傳統日本美學中非常常見。
EN： The Present Perfect Tense (have/has + past participle) is used here to describe life experiences or accomplishments that occurred at an unspecified time in the past and continue to be relevant now.
中文： 現在完成式（have/has + 過去分詞）在此用於描述在過去不特定時間發生，且至今仍具重要性的生活經歷或成就。
She has written several award-winning novels throughout her career.
她在職業生涯中寫過幾本獲獎小說。
EN： The phrase 'each unique and inspiring' is an Absolute Phrase. It is a noun phrase followed by modifiers that provides additional information about the preceding nouns without using a full clause or a conjunction like 'and'.
中文： 短語 'each unique and inspiring' 是一個獨立主格結構（Absolute Phrase）。它由名詞加上修飾語組成，用於補充說明前面的名詞，而不需要完整的子句或連接詞。
The students finished the exam, each feeling a sense of relief.
學生們完成了考試，每個人都感到如釋重負。
EN： Tadao Ando's work is celebrated globally not just for its aesthetic but for how it bridges Western modernism with Japanese spatial concepts. The mention of 'cultural centers' refers to his many public projects that aim to foster community and art.
中文： 安藤忠雄的作品在全球受到讚譽，不僅是因為其美學，更因為他將西方現代主義與日本空間概念相結合。文中提到的「文化中心」是指他許多旨在促進社區發展與藝術交流的公共項目。
EN： Apposition (Appositives): An appositive is a noun or noun phrase that sits next to another noun to rename it or describe it in more detail. In this sentence, 'architecture's equivalent of the Nobel Prize' is an appositive describing the 'Pritzker Prize'.
中文： 同位語 (Apposition)：同位語是一個名詞或名詞短語，放在另一個名詞旁邊，用來重新命名或更詳細地描述它。在本句中，「architecture's equivalent of the Nobel Prize」是描述「Pritzker Prize」的同位語。
My brother, a talented musician, plays the cello.
我的哥哥是一位才華橫溢的音樂家，他演奏大提琴。
EN： Possessive Nouns with 's: To show ownership or relationship, we add 's to a singular noun. Here, 'architecture's equivalent' indicates a relationship belonging to the field of architecture.
中文： 所有格名詞 ('s)：為了表示所有權或關係，我們在單數名詞後加上 's。在這裡，「architecture's equivalent」表示屬於建築領域的對等物。
The city's skyline is beautiful at night.
這座城市的空中輪廓線在夜晚非常美麗。
EN： The Pritzker Architecture Prize is widely considered the highest honor in architecture. Mentioning it as the 'Nobel Prize of architecture' is a common way to convey its prestige to those outside the field.
中文： 普立茲克建築獎被廣泛認為是建築界的最高榮譽。將其稱為「建築界的諾貝爾獎」是向非專業人士傳達其聲望的一種常用方式。
EN： Non-restrictive Relative Clause: The phrase 'who never went to architecture school' is a non-restrictive clause, which provides extra information about the subject. It is separated by commas and can be removed without changing the core meaning of the sentence.
中文： 非限定用法關係子句：'who never went to architecture school' 是一個非限定子句，用於提供關於主詞的額外補充資訊。這種用法通常用逗號隔開，即使刪除也不會改變句子的核心意義。
My brother, who lives in London, is a doctor.
我哥哥（他住在倫敦）是一位醫生。
EN： Past Perfect Tense: 'Had become' is used to describe an action that was completed before a specific point in the past or to emphasize the result of a long process leading up to that past point.
中文： 過去完成式：'Had become' 用於描述在過去某個特定時間點之前已經完成的動作，或強調在過去某個時間點之前所達成的一段長期過程的結果。
By the time he was thirty, he had become a successful entrepreneur.
在他三十歲時，他已經成為一名成功的企業家。
EN： Tadao Ando is famous for being a 'self-taught' architect. In Japan, where academic credentials and traditional apprenticeships are highly valued, his rise from a truck driver and professional boxer to a Pritzker Prize winner is considered an extraordinary example of personal determination.
中文： 安藤忠雄以「自學成才」的建築師聞名。在日本這個極度重視學歷背景與傳統師徒制的社會中，他從一名卡車司機和職業拳擊手轉身成為普立茲克建築獎得主，被視為個人毅力的非凡典範。
EN： Noun Clause with 'that': The word 'that' introduces a noun clause acting as the direct object of the verb 'proved'. It explains exactly what was proven.
中文： that 引導的名詞子句：單字 'that' 在此引導一個名詞子句，作為動詞 'proved' 的受詞，用來詳細說明證明的內容。
She believes that hard work leads to success.
她相信努力會帶來成功。
EN： Modal Verb 'can': Used here to express possibility or potential ability, indicating that the subjects (passion and self-education) have the power to achieve a result.
中文： 助動詞 'can'：在此用於表達可能性或潛在能力，表示主詞（熱情與自我教育）具有達成某種結果的力量。
Reading books can expand your horizons.
閱讀書籍可以拓展你的視野。
EN： The sentence reflects the 'Self-made Man' ideal, which is highly valued in Western and modern global culture. It emphasizes individual agency and lifelong learning over formal institutional validation, a core theme in Tadao Ando's biography.
中文： 這句話反映了「白手起家」的理想，這在西方及現代全球文化中備受推崇。它強調個人能動性和終身學習，而非僅僅依賴正式的體制學歷，這也是安藤忠雄生平的核心主題。
EN： Appositive Clause: The word 'reminder' is followed by a 'that' clause which explains the content of the reminder. This clause functions as a noun, providing specific information about the preceding abstract noun.
中文： 同位語子句：單字 'reminder' 後面接一個由 'that' 引導的子句，用來解釋「提醒」的具體內容。這個子句在功能上等同於名詞，為前面的抽象名詞提供具體資訊。
The news that he won the prize surprised everyone.
他得獎的消息讓每個人都感到驚訝。
EN： As-clause as an Interruption: The phrase 'as Steve Jobs said' is a parenthetical insertion used to attribute a quote or idea to a specific source without changing the main sentence structure.
中文： As 引導的插入句：短語 'as Steve Jobs said' 是一個插入語，用於將引用或觀點歸功於特定來源，而不改變主句的結構。
As the teacher mentioned, the exam will be difficult.
正如老師提到的，這次考試會很難。
EN： The phrase 'Stay hungry, stay foolish' was originally from the 'Whole Earth Catalog' and popularized by Steve Jobs in his 2005 Stanford commencement speech. It encourages people to never stop learning and to be willing to take risks that others might find irrational.
中文： 「求知若渴，虛懷若谷」(Stay hungry, stay foolish) 原本出自《全球概覽》(Whole Earth Catalog) 雜誌，後因史蒂夫·賈伯斯在 2005 年史丹佛大學畢業典禮演講中引用而聞名。它鼓勵人們永不停止學習，並勇於承擔他人可能認為不理智的風險。
重要單字附有 IPA 發音、定義、例句和互動式測驗。
在本文中： 享有聲望的、受尊崇的
在本文中： 自學成才的
在本文中： 深刻的、深奧的
在本文中： 徹底改變、轉化
在本文中： 心靈手巧、獨創性
在本文中： 獨特的、標誌性的
在本文中： 融合、使結合
在本文中： 等同物、等值的
在本文中： 證明、證據
在本文中： 毅力、不屈不撓
片語包含類型標示、雙語定義、用法說明和例句。
A person or thing that has a lot of influence or power in a particular field.
一股強大的力量、具有影響力的人物
To flow quickly and in large amounts into something.
湧入、傾注
To never be satisfied with what you know and to be willing to try things that others might think are unrealistic.
求知若渴，虛懷若愚
A style of medium-density housing where individual houses are built in a row and share side walls.
連棟房屋；長屋
A gap or hole in a solid structure, such as a wall, that allows light, air, or people to pass through.
（牆上的）孔洞、開口
A unique and recognizable way of doing something that is characteristic of a specific person.
招牌風格；標誌性風格
Something that serves as clear evidence or proof of a specified fact, event, or quality.
證明；見證