← 返回参考指南

句子结构

英语句子是怎么组起来的——从基本骨架，到连接、从句与各种变化。

会用单词、会发音之后，下一关就是「把词组成句子」。英语的句子其实只有几种骨架，再加上连词、从句和几个变化规则，就能从「一句一句」变成「一段一段」。这页是句子结构的地图，每一节都链接到深入的专题文章。

开始句型挑战
1

基本句型：5 种骨架

英语的句子几乎都是这 5 种骨架的变化：主语 + 谓语，后面再看需不需要宾语或补语。先把骨架认熟，再长的句子都拆得开。

  • She sleeps. (S + V)
  • I like coffee. (S + V + O)
  • It is easy. (S + V + C)
  • He gave me a book. (S + V + O + O)
  • We call him Max. (S + V + O + C)
2

怎么提问

把陈述句变成疑问句，靠的是「主语和助动词对调」，没有助动词就借 do/does/did。句尾再加个「反义疑问句」就能确认对方的想法。

  • Do you like coffee?
  • Where did she go?
  • It's cold, isn't it?
深入：英语怎么提问反义疑问句
3

用连词连接句子

连词是把两句话接起来的桥。并列连词（FANBOYS）连对等的成分；从属连词让一句变成另一句的附属；关联连词前后呼应。

  • I like coffee, but I am tired tonight.
  • We stayed home because it was raining.
  • Both Anna and Ben passed.
深入：FANBOYS：and / but / or / so从属连词：because / when / if关联连词：both…and
4

从句：句中有句

把一个句子嵌进另一个句子里，就是从句。定语从句用 who / which / that 补充说明名词；分词结构用 V-ing 或 p.p. 把两句话浓缩成一句。

  • The man who called you is my uncle.
  • My phone, which I bought last year, still works.
  • Walking home, I saw a rainbow.
深入：限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句分词结构
5

句型变化

同一件事可以换不同的说法：被动语态把重点放在「被怎么样」；there is/are 说「有什么」；祈使句下指令；间接引语把别人的话「往后退一步」。

  • The cake was eaten by the kids. (passive)
  • There is a cat on the roof.
  • Please close the door. (imperative)
  • She said that she was tired. (reported)
深入：被动语态there is / there are祈使句间接引语间接特殊疑问句
6

条件句与虚拟

用 if 假设「如果…就…」，按照跟事实的距离分成零、第一、第二、第三条件句；想表达「真希望…」则用 wish 句型。

  • If you heat ice, it melts. (zero / first)
  • If I were you, I would rest. (second)
  • If I had known, I would have come. (third)
  • I wish I could fly.
深入：零／第一条件句第二条件句第三条件句wish 句型
7

比较句

两个东西比一比用比较级（-er / more），三个以上挑最厉害的用最高级（-est / most）。记住变化规则，就不会 more better 了。

  • This is bigger than that.
  • She is the tallest in the class.
深入：比较级与最高级