EN： The idiom 'on notice' means to be formally warned that something is about to happen or that one's behavior is being monitored. In news headlines, it often implies regulatory scrutiny.
中文： 成语「on notice」意指正式收到警告，得知某事即将发生或其行为正受到监视。在新闻标题中，这通常暗示监管机构的严格审查。
The tech industry has been put on notice regarding new data privacy laws.
科技业已就新的数据隐私法收到警告。
EN： The conjunction 'as' is used here to indicate a simultaneous development or a causal link between two events, common in journalistic writing to connect a specific event to a broader trend.
中文： 连词「as」在此用于表示两个事件同时发生或具有因果关系，这在新闻写作中常用于将特定事件与更广泛的趋势联系起来。
Stock prices fell as investors reacted to the news of the merger.
随着投资者对并购消息做出反应，股价下跌。
EN： The use of 'Record' as an attributive adjective (modifying 'Fine') indicates that the amount or degree has reached an all-time high, surpassing all previous instances.
中文： 将「Record」用作定语形容词（修饰「Fine」）表示该数量或程度已达到历史最高水平，超越了以往所有案例。
The athlete set a record pace during the final lap of the race.
这位运动员在比赛的最后一圈创下了纪录性的速度。
EN： In Australia, consumer protection is strictly enforced by the ACCC. The term 'Landmark' refers to a legal case that sets a significant precedent, potentially changing how all businesses operate within the country. This specific case highlights the tension between aggressive retail marketing and consumer rights.
中文： 在澳洲，消費者保護由澳洲競爭與消費者委員會 (ACCC) 嚴格執行。「Landmark」（里程碑）一詞指的是具有重大先例意義的法律案件，可能會改變該國所有企業的運作方式。此特定案例突顯了激進的零售行銷與消費者權益之間的緊張關係。
EN： The present perfect tense ('has sent') is used here to describe a past action (the ruling) that has significant consequences or relevance to the present moment (the shockwaves in the sector).
中文： 现在完成时（has sent）在此用于描述过去发生的动作（判决），且该动作对现在具有重大影响或关联性（对零售业的冲击）。
The recent policy change has sent ripples of concern through the local community.
最近的政策变化在当地社区引起了阵阵担忧。
EN： The prepositional phrase starting with 'with' ('with the company now bracing...') functions as an absolute construction or a circumstantial clause, providing additional context or simultaneous information about the main clause.
中文： 以“with”开头的介词短语（with the company now bracing...）在此作为独立主格结构或伴随状语，为主句提供额外的背景信息或同时发生的情况。
The meeting ended, with everyone feeling much more optimistic about the project.
会议结束了，每个人对这个项目都乐观了许多。
EN： The present participle phrase 'exceeding two hundred million dollars' acts as an adjective modifying the noun 'fines', indicating a state or characteristic of the potential penalties.
中文： 现在分词短语“exceeding two hundred million dollars”作定语修饰名词“fines”（罚款），表示潜在罚款的状态或特征。
The storm caused damage exceeding five million dollars.
这场风暴造成了超过五百万美元的损失。
EN： Coles and Woolworths are the two dominant players in the Australian grocery market, often referred to as a 'duopoly'. This ruling is significant because it addresses long-standing consumer complaints about 'price gouging' and deceptive marketing in a high-inflation environment, reflecting a tightening of regulatory oversight in Australia.
中文： Coles 和 Woolworths 是澳洲食品雜貨市場的兩大主導者，通常被稱為「雙頭壟斷」。這項判決意義重大，因為它解決了在高通膨環境下，消費者長期以來對「價格欺詐」和誤導性行銷的投訴，反映了澳洲監管審查的收緊。
EN： The past perfect tense ('had accused') is used here to indicate an action that occurred before another past event or a specific point in time mentioned in the narrative context (the recent court ruling).
中文： 过去完成时（had accused）在此用于表示在叙事背景中另一个过去事件（如最近的法院裁决）或特定时间点之前已经发生的动作。
The regulator had warned the companies several times before filing the lawsuit.
监管机构在提起诉讼之前已多次警告过这些公司。
EN： The structure 'accuse someone of doing something' is a standard prepositional phrase pattern used to specify the charge or allegation against a party.
中文： 结构「accuse someone of doing something」（指控某人从事某事）是标准的介词短语搭配，用于说明对当事人的指控内容。
The authorities accused the firm of violating environmental regulations.
当局指控该公司违反环保法规。
EN： The use of 'both... and...' is a correlative conjunction that emphasizes that the action or condition applies equally to two distinct entities.
中文： 「both... and...」是并列连词，强调该动作或情况同样适用于两个不同的实体（在此指 Coles 与 Woolworths）。
The new policy affects both international students and local residents.
这项新政策对国际学生和当地居民都有影响。
EN： The Australian Competition and Consumer Commission (ACCC) is a powerful independent Commonwealth statutory authority that enforces the Competition and Consumer Act 2010. In Australia, consumer protection is strictly enforced, and misleading 'was/is' pricing is a major focus of regulatory scrutiny to ensure fair market competition.
中文： 澳洲競爭與消費者委員會 (ACCC) 是澳洲政府的一個強力獨立法定機構，負責執行《2010年競爭與消費者法》。在澳洲，消費者保護執法非常嚴格，而誤導性的「原價/現價」定價策略是監管審查的重點，以確保市場公平競爭。
EN： The past perfect tense ('had... conveyed') is used here to describe an action that was completed before the main action of the sentence ('determined'). In legal contexts, this clarifies the sequence of events leading up to the ruling.
中文： 过去完成时（had... conveyed）在此用于描述在句子主要动作（determined，判定）之前已经完成的行为。在法律语境中，这能厘清导致裁决的一系列事件先后顺序。
The investigation revealed that the company had manipulated the data for months before the audit.
调查显示，该公司在审计前已经操纵数据数月之久。
EN： The noun clause starting with 'that' acts as the direct object of the verb 'determined'. This structure is essential for reporting findings, beliefs, or official rulings.
中文： 由「that」引导的名词从句作为动词「determined」的直接宾语。这种结构对于报告研究结果、信念或官方裁决至关重要。
The committee concluded that the proposed budget was insufficient.
委员会得出结论，认为拟议的预算不足。
EN： The phrase 'conveyed the impression that...' uses an appositive clause to explain the content of the 'impression'. This is a sophisticated way to describe perceptions or psychological effects.
中文： 短语「conveyed the impression that...」使用同位语从句来解释「印象」的具体内容。这是一种描述感知或心理影响的高级表达方式。
His silence conveyed the impression that he agreed with the decision.
他的沉默给人一种他同意该决定的印象。
EN： The 'Down Down' campaign is one of the most iconic and long-running marketing strategies in Australian retail history, featuring a distinctive red hand pointing downwards. Because of its ubiquity, the court's finding that it was misleading is particularly significant for consumer trust in Australia.
中文： 「Down Down」活動是澳洲零售史上最具代表性且持續時間最長的行銷策略之一，其特色是巨大的紅色手掌向下指。由於該廣告無所不在，法院判定其具有誤導性，對於澳洲的消費者信任具有特別重大的意義。
EN： The present participle phrase starting with 'reflecting' acts as an adverbial modifier, indicating a simultaneous result or a logical consequence of the main clause.
中文： 以“reflecting”开头的现在分词短语作状语，表示主句动作的同时结果或逻辑上的后果。
The company announced a massive layoff, leading to a protest outside the headquarters.
公司宣布大规模裁员，导致总部外出现抗议活动。
EN： The phrase 'the company now faces' is a reduced relative clause (adjective clause) modifying 'corporate liability'. The relative pronoun 'that' or 'which' has been omitted because it serves as the object of the verb 'faces'.
中文： 短语“the company now faces”是一个省略了关系代词的关系从句（定语从句），用来修饰“corporate liability”。由于关系代词“that”或“which”在从句中作动词“faces”的宾语，因此可以省略。
The challenges we encounter today will shape our future success.
我们今天所面临的挑战将决定我们未来的成功。
EN： The preposition 'over' is used here to indicate the cause or subject of a feeling (anxiety). It is often used with nouns expressing emotion to specify what the emotion is about.
中文： 介词“over”在此用于表示情感（焦虑）的原因或对象。它常用于表达情感的名词之后，以具体说明该情感是针对什么产生的。
There is growing concern over the impact of climate change on agriculture.
人们对气候变化对农业影响的担忧日益增加。
EN： In the Australian business context, 'corporate liability' often refers to the legal and financial responsibility a company has towards consumers and regulators. The 'Australian Competition and Consumer Commission' (ACCC) is a powerful body that enforces consumer protection laws, and its rulings can lead to significant market shifts and public scrutiny for major brands like Coles.
中文： 在澳洲商業背景下，「corporate liability」（企業責任/法律責任）通常指公司對消費者和監管機構應負的法律與財務責任。「澳洲競爭與消費者委員會」（ACCC）是一個強大的機構，負責執行消費者保護法。其裁決往往會導致重大市場波動，並使 Coles 等大型品牌面臨嚴厲的公眾審視。
EN： Non-restrictive relative clauses use 'which' to provide extra information about a noun (Woolworths) that is already clearly identified. These clauses are separated by commas and cannot use 'that'.
中文： 非限制性定语从句使用「which」来提供关于已明确识别的名词（Woolworths）的额外信息。这类从句必须用逗号隔开，且不能使用「that」替代。
The company, which was founded in 1924, is a household name.
这家公司成立于 1924 年，是一个家喻户晓的名字。
EN： The past participle phrase 'brought by...' acts as a reduced relative clause (which was brought by...), modifying 'a similar case' to indicate the origin or initiator of the legal action.
中文： 过去分词短语「brought by...」充当缩减后的定语从句（即 which was brought by...），用来修饰「a similar case」，表示该法律行动的发起者或来源。
The charges brought by the prosecutor were very serious.
检察官提出的指控非常严重。
EN： The adverb 'also' is placed after the auxiliary verb or before the main verb to indicate addition. In this sentence, it connects the fate of Woolworths to the previously mentioned situation of Coles.
中文： 副词「also」通常置于助动词之后或实义动词之前，用以表示递进或并列。在本句中，它将 Woolworths 的处境与前文提到的 Coles 情况联系起来。
She not only finished the report but also prepared the presentation.
她不仅完成了报告，还准备了简报。
EN： Woolworths and Coles are the two dominant players in the Australian grocery market, often referred to as a 'duopoly'. Legal actions against them by the ACCC are major national news because they affect the cost of living for most Australians.
中文： Woolworths 和 Coles 是澳洲食品雜貨市場的兩大主導者，通常被稱為「雙頭壟斷」。澳洲競爭與消費者委員會（ACCC）對它們採取的法律行動是重大的全國性新聞，因為這直接影響大多數澳洲人的生活成本。
EN： The relative adverb 'whereby' is a formal conjunction meaning 'by which' or 'through which'. It is used to introduce a clause that explains the method or process by which something happens.
中文： 关系副词「whereby」是一个正式的连词，意为「借此」或「凭借」。它用于引导一个从句，解释某事发生的方法或过程。
The company implemented a new system whereby employees can work from home twice a week.
公司实施了一套新制度，员工借此可以每周居家办公两次。
EN： The phrase 'lies at the heart of' is an idiomatic expression used to identify the most important or fundamental part of a problem, issue, or situation.
中文： 短语「lies at the heart of」是一个成语表达，用于指出问题、议题或情况中最重要或最核心的部分。
A lack of communication lies at the heart of their relationship problems.
缺乏沟通是他们感情问题的核心所在。
EN： The structure 'before + -ing' (reverting/labelling) uses gerunds to indicate a sequence of events. In this sentence, it describes actions that occur after the initial 'inflation' of prices.
中文： 「before + 动名词（-ing）」的结构（如 reverting/labelling）用于表示事件的先后顺序。在本句中，它描述了在最初「抬高」价格之后发生的动作。
Always check the weather forecast before heading out for a hike.
在出发徒步之前，务必先查看天气预报。
EN： The 'was/is' pricing strategy is a common retail tactic that has come under intense legal scrutiny in Australia. It refers to showing a higher 'was' price alongside a lower 'is' price to create an illusion of a bargain. This case highlights the strict consumer protection laws enforced by the ACCC to ensure market transparency.
中文： 「was/is」定價策略是零售業常見的手段，但在澳洲正受到嚴格的法律審查。它指的是同時顯示較高的「原價（was）」和較低的「現價（is）」，以營造划算的錯覺。此案例凸顯了澳洲競爭與消費者委員會（ACCC）為確保市場透明度而執行的嚴格消費者保護法。
EN： Inversion in conditional sentences (First/Second/Third Conditional). When 'if' is omitted in formal contexts, the auxiliary verb 'should', 'were', or 'had' is moved to the front of the sentence. Here, 'Should the courts...' replaces 'If the courts should...'.
中文： 条件句中的倒装（第一、二、三类条件句）。在正式语境中，当省略「if」时，助动词「should」、「were」或「had」会移至句首。在此句中，「Should the courts...」取代了「If the courts should...」。
Should you require further assistance, please do not hesitate to contact us.
若您需要进一步协助，请随时与我们联系。
EN： The use of 'would' to express a hypothetical consequence. Since the condition (the courts imposing penalties) is presented as a possibility rather than a certainty, 'would' indicates the potential outcome in that scenario.
中文： 使用「would」来表达假设性的结果。由于前提条件（法院判处罚款）被视为一种可能性而非既定事实，「would」表示在该情境下可能产生的结果。
A change in policy would affect all employees.
政策的改变将会影响所有员工。
EN： Compound noun phrases as modifiers. 'Retail compliance enforcement' functions as a complex noun phrase where 'retail' and 'compliance' modify 'enforcement', specifying the exact type of legal action.
中文： 复合名词短语作修饰语。“Retail compliance enforcement”是一个复合名词短语，其中“retail”（零售）和“compliance”（合规）修饰“enforcement”（执法），明确说明了法律行动的具体类型。
The government introduced new data protection regulations.
政府出台了新的数据保护条例。
EN： The term 'set a precedent' is a crucial concept in Common Law systems like Australia's. It means that a judicial decision in a current case will be used as a rule or guide for future similar cases. This is why the Coles ruling is so significant—it changes the rules for all retailers, not just the ones in court.
中文： 「Set a precedent」（樹立先例）是像澳洲這樣的普通法系（Common Law）中的核心概念。這意味著當前案件的司法裁決將成為未來類似案件的規則或指導。這就是為什麼 Coles 的裁決如此重要——它改變了所有零售商的規則，而不僅僅是法庭上的那幾家。
EN： The use of an appositive phrase ('the former head of the consumer watchdog') provides additional identifying information about the subject. It is set off by commas and functions as a noun phrase that renames the preceding noun.
中文： 同位语短语（the former head of the consumer watchdog）的使用为宾语提供了额外的身份信息。它由逗号隔开，作为一个名词短语来重新定义前面的名词。
Mr. Chen, the principal of our school, will give a speech tomorrow.
陈先生，也就是我们学校的校长，明天将发表谈话。
EN： The verb 'caution' is followed by a 'that' clause (noun clause) which functions as the direct object, specifying the content of the warning. This is a formal reporting verb used in professional and journalistic contexts.
中文： 动词「caution」（警告）后面接一个「that」从句（名词从句），作为直接宾语，用来具体说明警告的内容。这是在专业和新闻语境中使用的正式转述动词。
The doctor cautioned that the recovery process might take several months.
医生警告说，康复过程可能需要几个月的时间。
EN： The modal verb 'must' combined with 'ensure' expresses a strong obligation or necessity. In legal or regulatory contexts, it indicates a requirement that cannot be ignored.
中文： 情态动词「must」与「ensure」结合，表达了强烈的义务或必要性。在法律或监管语境中，它表示一项不可忽视的要求。
All employees must ensure that they follow the safety protocols at all times.
所有员工必须确保他们始终遵守安全协议。
EN： The term 'watchdog' in a political or economic context refers to an independent organization or agency that monitors the activities of companies or government bodies to ensure they act legally and ethically. In this case, it refers to the ACCC (Australian Competition and Consumer Commission).
中文： 在政治或經濟語境中，「watchdog」（監管機構/看門狗）是指監控公司或政府機構活動以確保其合法且合乎道德的獨立組織或機構。在本案例中，它指的是澳洲競爭與消費者委員會（ACCC）。
EN： The modal idiom 'had better' is used to give strong advice or a warning about what someone should do to avoid negative consequences. In formal contexts, it is often followed by the bare infinitive (without 'to').
中文： 情态成语「had better」用于提供强烈建议或警告，说明某人应该做什么以避免负面后果。在正式语境中，其后接不带 to 的不定式（原形动词）。
The company had better comply with the new regulations to avoid a massive fine.
该公司最好遵守新规定，以避免巨额罚款。
EN： The present participle phrase 'suggesting a price reduction' acts as an adjective modifying the noun 'any business'. This is a reduced relative clause (shortened from 'any business that suggests...').
中文： 现在分词短语「suggesting a price reduction」作为形容词修饰名词「any business」。这是一个简化的定语从句（由「any business that suggests...」缩减而来）。
Any person entering the building must show identification.
任何进入大楼的人都必须出示身份证明。
EN： The pronoun 'one' is used here as a prop-word to avoid repeating the noun 'price reduction'. It functions as the head of the noun phrase 'a legitimate one'.
中文： 代词「one」在此用作替代词，以避免重复名词「price reduction」。它在名词短语「a legitimate one」中担任中心词的角色。
If you need a new laptop, you should buy a reliable one.
如果你需要一台新笔记本电脑，你应该买一台可靠的。
EN： In the context of Australian consumer law, the term 'legitimate' carries significant legal weight. The Australian Competition and Consumer Commission (ACCC) strictly monitors 'was/is' pricing to ensure that the 'was' price was a genuine price at which the product was sold for a reasonable period, preventing artificial discounts.
中文： 在澳洲消費者法的背景下，「legitimate」（合法的/正當的）一詞具有重要的法律分量。澳洲競爭與消費者委員會 (ACCC) 嚴格監控「原價/現價」定價模式，以確保「原價」是產品在合理期間內真實銷售的價格，從而防止虛假折扣。
EN： The use of 'serve as' is a formal way to describe the function or role of something, often used to indicate that an event or object acts as a warning, example, or reminder.
中文： 「serve as」是一种正式的表达方式，用来描述某事的功能或角色，通常用于表示某个事件或物体充当警告、范例或提醒。
The recent data breach should serve as a wake-up call for all tech companies.
最近的数据泄露应该作为所有科技公司的警钟。
EN： The word 'that' functions here as a complementizer introducing a content clause (appositive clause) following the noun 'reminder', explaining exactly what the reminder is.
中文： 这里的「that」作为引导词，在名词「reminder」之后引导一个内容从句（同位语从句），详细说明提醒的具体内容是什么。
There is a growing concern that the economy is slowing down.
人们越来越担心经济正在放缓。
EN： The modal verb 'could' is used here to express theoretical possibility or potential consequence within a legal or formal context.
中文： 情态动词「could」在此处用于表达法律或正式语境下的理论可能性或潜在后果。
Failure to comply with the regulations could lead to heavy penalties.
不遵守规定可能会导致重罚。
EN： The phrase 'only to' is used to describe an event that happens immediately after another action, typically expressing a surprising, disappointing, or ironic result.
中文： 「only to」结构用于描述紧接在另一个动作之后发生的事件，通常用来表达令人惊讶、失望或具有讽刺意味的结果（意为「结果却...」）。
He rushed to the airport only to realize he had left his passport at home.
他赶往机场，结果却发现自己把护照留在家里了。
EN： The present participle 'involving' acts as a reduced relative clause (which involves), providing more information about the preceding noun 'scenario'.
中文： 现在分词「involving」在此作为缩减定语从句（即 which involves），用来修饰前面的名词「scenario」，提供更多关于该情境的细节。
The police are investigating a case involving several high-profile politicians.
警方正在调查一起涉及几位知名政治人物的案件。
EN： The adverb 'artificially' modifies the verb 'raised', indicating that the action was done in a non-natural or insincere way, often for a specific manipulative purpose.
中文： 副词「artificially」修饰动词「raised」，表示该动作是以非自然或不诚实的方式进行的，通常是为了特定的操纵目的（意为「人为地」）。
The central bank kept interest rates artificially low to stimulate the economy.
中央银行人为地维持低利率以刺激经济。
EN： In many Western countries, including Australia, Valentine's Day is a peak retail period for jewellery. The scenario described by Jeannie Paterson highlights a common but unethical practice known as 'price anchoring' or 'was/is' pricing, which consumer protection laws in Australia (enforced by the ACCC) aim to prevent to ensure fair competition and consumer trust.
中文： 在包括澳洲在內的許多西方國家，情人節是珠寶零售的巔峰時期。珍妮·帕特森描述的情境凸顯了一種常見但不道德的商業行為，稱為「價格錨定」或「原價/現價」定價法。澳洲的消費者保護法（由澳洲競爭與消費者委員會執行）旨在防止此類行為，以確保公平競爭和消費者信任。
EN： The phrase 'well beyond' is an intensifier used to emphasize that something exceeds a certain limit or scope by a significant margin. 'Well' here functions as an adverb meaning 'considerably' or 'to a great extent'.
中文： 短语「well beyond」是一个加强语气的用法，用来强调某事远远超过了某个界限或范围。这里的「well」作为副词，意思是「相当地」或「在很大程度上」。
The cost of the renovation went well beyond our initial budget.
装修费用远远超出了我们最初的预算。
EN： The use of 'how' as a relative adverb introduces a noun clause ('how retailers... approach promotional campaigns'). This clause functions as the direct object of the verb 'reshape', describing the manner or method in which an action is performed.
中文： 使用「how」作为关系副词引导名词从句（「how retailers... approach promotional campaigns」）。此从句作为动词「reshape」的直接宾语，描述了执行动作的方式或方法。
The new policy will change how employees submit their expense reports.
新政策将改变员工提交费用报销单的方式。
EN： The modal verb 'could' is used here to express a strong possibility or potential consequence in the future, based on the current ruling. It suggests a logical outcome rather than a mere ability.
中文： 情态动词「could」在此处用于根据目前的判决表达未来的强烈可能性或潜在后果。它暗示的是一种逻辑上的结果，而不仅仅是能力。
Failure to comply with the new regulations could lead to heavy fines.
不遵守新规定可能会导致巨额罚款。
EN： The Australian retail market is highly concentrated, dominated by a few major players like Coles and Woolworths. This court ruling is significant because it challenges long-standing pricing practices that consumers have often found confusing or deceptive, reflecting a shift towards stricter consumer protection enforcement in Australia.
中文： 澳洲零售市場高度集中，由 Coles 和 Woolworths 等少數幾家主要業者主導。這項法院判決意義重大，因為它挑戰了消費者長期以來認為混淆或具有誤導性的定價慣例，反映出澳洲在加強消費者保護執法方面的轉變。
EN： Inverted Conditional (Were... to): This is a formal alternative to 'If... should' or 'If... were to'. By placing 'Were' at the beginning of the clause and omitting 'if', the sentence gains a more literary or hypothetical tone, often used in legal or academic contexts to discuss unlikely but possible scenarios.
中文： 倒装条件句 (Were... to)：这是 'If... were to' 的正式替代用法。通过将 'Were' 置于句首并省略 'if'，句子会呈现出更具文学感或假设性的语气，常用于法律或学术语境中讨论可能性较低但仍属可能的方案。
Were the negotiations to fail, the two nations might go to war.
若谈判失败，两国可能会开战。
EN： The verb 'persist' is typically followed by the preposition 'with' when referring to a course of action or a specific practice. It implies continuing firmly or obstinately in a state or opinion despite opposition or difficulty.
中文： 动词 'persist' 在指涉某种行动方针或特定做法时，通常后接介词 'with'。它隐含着尽管面临反对或困难，仍坚定或顽固地持续某种状态或见解。
If you persist with these complaints, we will have to take legal action.
如果你执意要继续这些投诉，我们将不得不采取法律行动。
EN： The structure 'risk + gerund (-ing)' is used to describe a situation where an action might lead to a negative or dangerous outcome. Here, 'facing' acts as the gerund object of the verb 'risk'.
中文： 'risk + 动名词 (-ing)' 的结构用于描述某个动作可能导致负面或危险结果的情况。在此处，'facing' 作为动词 'risk' 的动名词宾语。
Investors who ignore market trends risk losing their entire capital.
忽视市场趋势的投资者冒着损失全部资本的风险。
EN： The sentence reflects the rigorous nature of Australian consumer law, which is enforced by the ACCC. The term 'legislation' here refers to the Australian Consumer Law (ACL), which provides strict protections against misleading and deceptive conduct, a cornerstone of fair trading in Australia.
中文： 這句話反映了澳洲消費者法的嚴謹性，該法由澳洲競爭與消費者委員會 (ACCC) 執行。這裡的 'legislation' 指的是《澳洲消費者法》(ACL)，它針對誤導和欺騙行為提供了嚴格的保護，這是澳洲公平貿易的基石。
EN： The present perfect tense ('have suggested') is used here to indicate that the action occurred at an unspecified time in the past and has relevance to the present situation, often used in news reporting to introduce expert opinions.
中文： 现在完成时（have suggested）在此用于表示该动作发生在过去的不特定时间，且与现状具有关联性。在新闻报道中，常用此时态来引进专家意见或当前的观察。
Economists have suggested that the inflation rate will stabilize by next year.
经济学家表示，通货膨胀率将在明年趋于稳定。
EN： The modal verb 'may' followed by the base verb 'herald' expresses a strong possibility or a logical inference about a future outcome based on current evidence.
中文： 情态动词「may」后接原形动词「herald」，表达了根据目前证据对未来结果的一种强烈可能性或逻辑推断。
This technological breakthrough may herald a revolution in renewable energy.
这项技术突破可能预示着可再生能源领域的一场革命。
EN： The preposition 'over' is used here to indicate the subject or area of the 'scrutiny'. It functions similarly to 'concerning' or 'regarding' in a formal administrative or legal context.
中文： 介词「over」在此用于表示「审查（scrutiny）」的对象或领域。在正式的行政或法律语境中，其功能类似于「关于」或「针对」。
The government faced intense public scrutiny over its handling of the crisis.
政府因其处理危机的方式而面临公众的严厉审查。
EN： In Western legal and business contexts, 'scrutiny' from regulatory bodies like the ACCC is a significant threat to corporate reputation. The term 'herald' is often used in journalism to describe events that signal major shifts in industry standards or legal precedents.
中文： 在西方的法律與商業語境中，來自如澳洲競爭與消費者委員會（ACCC）等監管機構的「審查（scrutiny）」對企業聲譽構成重大威脅。「herald」一詞常用於新聞報導，描述預示行業標準或法律先例發生重大轉變的事件。
EN： The use of the present perfect tense ('have long been') combined with the adjective 'sceptical' indicates a state that started in the past and continues into the present, emphasizing a persistent attitude.
中文： 使用现在完成时（have long been）结合形容词「sceptical」，表示从过去开始并持续到现在的状态，强调一种长期存在的态度。
Investors have long been cautious about the volatility of the tech sector.
投资者长期以来一直对科技行业的波动持谨慎态度。
EN： The relative clause 'who have long been sceptical of promotional claims' functions as an adjective to modify the noun 'consumers', providing essential context about which group of consumers is being discussed.
中文： 定语从句「who have long been sceptical of promotional claims」作为形容词修饰名词「consumers」，提供了关于讨论对象（哪一类消费者）的必要背景信息。
Students who have completed the advanced course are eligible for the internship.
完成进阶课程的学生有资格参加实习。
EN： The phrase 'represents a significant step towards' is a formal way to describe progress or a milestone. 'Towards' is a preposition indicating the direction of the improvement.
中文： 短语「represents a significant step towards」是用于描述进展或里程碑的正式表达方式。「Towards」是介词，表示改进的方向。
The new policy represents a significant step towards achieving carbon neutrality.
这项新政策代表了朝着实现碳中和迈出的重要一步。
EN： In Western consumer law, 'transparency' is a key regulatory concept. It refers to the requirement that businesses provide clear, accurate, and easily accessible information so consumers can make informed choices. The Australian legal system is particularly rigorous regarding 'misleading and deceptive conduct'.
中文： 在西方消費者法律中，「透明度」（transparency）是一個關鍵的監管概念。它指的是企業必須提供清晰、準確且易於獲取的資訊，以便消費者做出明智的選擇。澳洲法律體系對於「誤導和欺騙行為」的規範尤其嚴格。
重要单词附有 IPA 发音、定义、例句和互动式测验。
在本文中： 具有里程碑意义的、重大的
在本文中： 误导性的、欺骗性的
在本文中： 欺骗的、虚假的
在本文中： 传达、表达（某种印象或信息）
在本文中： （法律上的）责任、义务
在本文中： 估值、评价
在本文中： 人为抬高（物价）、使膨胀
在本文中： 先例、判例
在本文中： 真实的、可靠的
在本文中： 构成、组成
在本文中： 假设的、假定的
在本文中： 详细审查、监督
片语包含类型标示、双语定义、用法说明和例句。
To cause a very strong reaction of shock or fear to spread through a place or group of people.
引起震惊、产生剧烈冲击
A retail pricing strategy that shows a previous higher price (was) alongside the current lower price (is) to indicate a discount.
“原价/现价”标价法
An official organization that is responsible for checking that companies in a particular industry are following the rules.
监管机构
An act of breaking a law, promise, agreement, or relationship.
违法、触犯法律