EN: The sentence uses the Past Simple tense ('found') to describe a completed action or discovery that happened in the past.
中文: 句子使用一般过去时(found)来描述过去已经完成的动作或发现。
The scientist found a solution to the puzzle.
科学家找到了这个谜题的解决办法。
EN: In many European countries, 'smokeless fuels' are promoted as an eco-friendly alternative to traditional coal to reduce visible air pollution (smog), though this study challenges that assumption.
中文: 在許多歐洲國家,「無煙燃料」被推廣為傳統煤炭的環保替代品,旨在減少肉眼可見的空氣污染(煙霧),但這項研究挑戰了這一假設。
EN: The word 'called' is used here to give a specific name or label to something. It acts like a shortcut for 'which are called'.
中文: 单词 'called' 在这里用来给某物一个特定的名称或标签。它是 'which are called'(被称为...)的简化用法。
I have a dog called Buddy.
我有一只叫做 Buddy 的狗。
EN: Use 'so + adjective + that' to show a result. It means something is 'to such a degree' that a specific thing happens.
中文: 使用「so + 形容词 + that」来表示结果。这意味着某事达到「如此程度」,以至于发生了特定的结果。
The coffee is so hot that I cannot drink it.
这咖啡太烫了,以至于我没办法喝。
EN: Use 'be bad for' to describe something that has a negative effect on a person, place, or thing.
中文: 使用「be bad for」来描述某事对人、地方或事物有负面影响(有害)。
Eating too much sugar is bad for your teeth.
吃太多糖对你的牙齿有害。
EN: Use 'at' to show a specific location or institution where someone works or studies.
中文: 使用 'at' 来表示某人工作或学习的特定地点或机构。
She works at a hospital in London.
她在伦敦的一家医院工作。
EN: The University of Galway is a major research institution in Ireland. In academic English, 'the study' refers to a specific piece of scientific research.
中文: 高威大學是愛爾蘭主要的學術研究機構。在學術英語中,「the study」指的是一項特定的科學研究。
EN: Use the Past Simple tense (verb + ed) to describe actions that happened and finished in the past.
中文: 使用一般过去时(动词 + ed)来描述过去已经发生并结束的动作。
She cooked dinner and cleaned the kitchen.
她做了晚饭并清理了厨房。
EN: In many European countries, wood-burning stoves are common for heating homes, but new environmental rules are being introduced to reduce air pollution from these sources.
中文: 在許多歐洲國家,使用木柴爐灶取暖非常普遍,但為了減少空氣污染,各國政府正開始實施新的環保法規。
EN: Use 'compare A with B' to look for similarities or differences between two things.
中文: 使用「compare A with B」来寻找两个事物之间的相似之处或不同之处。
I want to compare this phone with that one.
我想把这部手机跟那部比较一下。
EN: In many European countries like Ireland, burning wood or coal in home stoves is a traditional way to stay warm, but modern environmental rules are changing what people are allowed to burn.
中文: 在愛爾蘭等許多歐洲國家,在家庭爐灶中燃燒木材或煤炭是傳統的取暖方式,但現代環保法規正在改變人們被允許燃燒的燃料種類。
EN: Use 'less' to compare things that we cannot count (uncountable nouns) to show a smaller amount.
中文: 使用 'less' 来比较不可数名词,表示「较少的」数量。
I drink less coffee than my brother.
我喝的咖啡比我哥哥少。
EN: In many European countries, 'smokeless fuels' are promoted to reduce air pollution in cities, but as this study shows, 'less visible' does not always mean 'safer'.
中文: 在許多歐洲國家,政府推廣「無煙燃料」以減少城市空氣污染,但如本研究所顯示,「較少可見煙霧」並不總是代表「更安全」。
EN: Use 'more' before a noun to show a larger amount of something compared to another thing.
中文: 在名词前使用 'more' 来表示与另一事物相比,某物的数量更多。
I need more water.
我需要更多的水。
EN: In many European countries, 'smokeless fuels' are promoted as environmentally friendly alternatives to coal, but this study challenges that perception.
中文: 在許多歐洲國家,「無煙燃料」被推廣為煤炭的環保替代品,但這項研究挑戰了這一觀念。
EN: Use 'did not' (or 'didn't') followed by the base form of a verb to talk about things that did not happen in the past.
中文: 使用「did not」(或缩写 didn't)加上动词原形,用来描述过去没有发生的事情。
He did not finish his homework.
他没有完成他的作业。
EN: In scientific contexts, 'expecting a result' refers to a hypothesis. When scientists say they 'did not expect' something, it highlights a significant discovery that challenges previous beliefs.
中文: 在科學語境中,「預期結果」是指假設。當科學家說他們「沒有預料到」某事時,這通常強調了一個挑戰先前認知的重大發現。
EN: The word 'that' is used to connect a main thought (We did not know) with the specific information being explained.
中文: 单词 'that' 用来连接主要想法(我们不知道)与后面具体的说明内容。
I think that it will rain today.
我觉得今天会下雨。
EN: In scientific contexts, 'could' is often used instead of 'will' to show that the result is based on current evidence and observations, rather than an absolute universal law.
中文: 在科學語境中,常使用 'could' 而非 'will',以表示該結果是基於目前的證據與觀察,而非絕對的普遍定律。
EN: Use 'when' to join two actions that happen at the same time or one after another.
中文: 使用 'when' 来连接两个同时发生或接连发生的动作。
I was happy when I finished my homework.
当我完成功课时,我很开心。
EN: In scientific contexts, 'the data' is often treated as a collective noun in everyday speech, even though it is technically plural (singular: datum).
中文: 在科學語境中,'the data' 在日常口語中通常被視為集合名詞,儘管在技術上它是複數形式(單數為 datum)。
EN: Use 'for' followed by a period of time (like 'two months' or 'three hours') to show how long an action lasts.
中文: 使用「for」加上一段时间(例如「两个月」或「三小时」)来表示某个动作持续了多久。
I studied English for one hour.
我读了一小时的英语。
EN: Use 'X times more than' to compare amounts and show how much larger one thing is compared to another.
中文: 使用「X times more than」来比较数量,表示一个事物是另一个事物的几倍多。
This new car is three times more expensive than my old one.
这辆新车比我的旧车贵三倍。
EN: In many European countries, 'smokeless fuels' (like anthracite or manufactured briquettes) are promoted as eco-friendly alternatives to traditional coal to reduce visible air pollution, but this study highlights a hidden health risk.
中文: 在許多歐洲國家,「無煙燃料」(如無煙煤或人造煤磚)被推廣為傳統煤炭的環保替代品,以減少肉眼可見的空氣污染。然而,這項研究揭示了其隱藏的健康風險。
EN: Use 'adjective + er + than' to compare two things.
中文: 使用「形容词 + er + than」来比较两个事物。
This apple is sweeter than that one.
这个苹果比那个甜。
EN: The modal verb 'can' is used here to express possibility or the potential for something to happen.
中文: 助动词「can」在这里用来表示可能性,或是某件事发生的潜力。
Smoking can cause many health problems.
吸烟可能会导致许多健康问题。
EN: Use 'because' to connect two complete sentences to explain the reason why something happens.
中文: 使用「because」来连接两个完整的句子,用以解释某事发生的原因。
I study hard because I want to go to a good school.
我努力学习是因为我想去一所好学校。
EN: In many Western countries, wood-burning stoves are popular for home heating, but there is growing concern about their impact on air quality, leading to the promotion of 'smokeless' alternatives.
中文: 在許多西方國家,燃木爐在家庭供暖中很受歡迎,但人們越來越擔心它們對空氣品質的影響,因此開始推廣「無煙」替代品。
EN: The word 'also' is used to add new information to something already mentioned. It usually goes before the main action word (verb).
中文: 单词 'also'(也)用于在已提到的信息上增加新内容。它通常放在主要动作(动词)之前。
She also likes to play tennis.
她也喜欢打网球。
EN: Dublin is the capital city of Ireland, while Birr is a much smaller, historic town. Comparing a large city with a small town helps scientists understand if air pollution is a problem everywhere or just in crowded areas.
中文: 都柏林是愛爾蘭的首都,而比爾則是一個規模小得多的歷史名鎮。將大城市與小鎮進行比較,有助於科學家了解空氣污染是普遍存在的問題,還是僅存在於擁擠地區。
EN: The word 'too' is used at the end of a sentence to mean 'also' or 'in addition'. It adds extra information to what was already mentioned.
中文: 单词 'too' 放在句尾,表示「也」或「此外」。它用来对已经提到的内容补充额外的信息。
I like apples and I like oranges too.
我喜欢苹果,我也喜欢橘子。
EN: The verb 'help' can be followed by an object and then another verb in its base form (without 'to') to show who is being helped and what they are doing.
中文: 动词「help」后面可以接一个宾语,然后接另一个动词原形(不加 to),用来表示帮助某人做某事。
This map will help you find the park.
这张地图将帮助你找到公园。
EN: In many English-speaking countries, environmental studies directly influence public policy and government regulations, which is why the sentence links 'study' with 'governments making rules'.
中文: 在許多英語國家,環境研究會直接影響公共政策和政府法規,這就是為什麼句子中會將「研究」與「政府制定規則」聯繫起來。
EN: Use 'need to + verb' to talk about things that are necessary or important to do.
中文: 使用「need to + 动词」来表达某件事是必要或重要的。
You need to drink more water.
你需要喝更多的水。
EN: In many Western countries, there is a growing movement to ban wood-burning stoves in cities due to air quality concerns, even though they are traditionally seen as 'cozy' or 'natural'.
中文: 在許多西方國家,儘管木柴爐傳統上被認為是「溫馨」或「天然」的,但由於對空氣品質的擔憂,城市中禁止使用木柴爐的呼聲日益增高。
重要单词附有 IPA 发音、定义、例句和互动式测验。
在本文中: 无烟的,指燃烧时不会产生肉眼可见烟雾的燃料
在本文中: 微粒,极小的物质颗粒
在本文中: 肺部,人体的呼吸器官
在本文中: 炉子,用于加热或烹饪的设备
在本文中: 比较,对照两者之间的异同
在本文中: 显而易见的,肉眼看得到的
在本文中: 数据,研究收集到的资料
在本文中: 有毒的,对健康有害的
在本文中: 物质,具有特定性质的材料
在本文中: 品质,空气的洁净程度
在本文中: 政府,统治国家的机构
片语包含类型标示、双语定义、用法说明和例句。
the degree to which the air is clean or polluted
空气质量
risks or threats that are not easily noticed
隐藏的危险
to move far inside something
深入到...之中
Extremely small particles (less than 0.1 micrometers) suspended in the air, often resulting from combustion.
超细悬浮微粒
Solid fuels (like anthracite or certain briquettes) that do not emit visible smoke when burned, often required by law in specific areas.
无烟燃料
The electromagnetic radiation that is visible to the human eye, which travels in a wave-like pattern.
光波