EN： The Zero Conditional is used to talk about general truths, habits, or scientific facts. It uses the structure: 'When/If + Present Simple, Present Simple'. It shows that one action always leads to another.
中文： 零条件句（Zero Conditional）用于描述普遍真理、习惯或科学事实。其结构为“When/If + 现在简单时，现在简单时”，表示某个动作总是会带来另一个结果。
When it rains, the grass gets wet.
下雨时，草地会变湿。
EN： A phrasal verb consists of a verb and a particle (preposition or adverb) that together create a new meaning. 'Turn off' is a separable phrasal verb meaning to stop a device from functioning.
中文： 短语动词（Phrasal Verb）由动词和介词或副词组成，两者结合产生新的意思。“Turn off”是一个可拆分的短语动词，意思是关掉（电器或设备）。
Please turn off the lights before you leave.
请在离开前把灯关掉。
EN： The First Conditional is used to talk about real and possible future situations. It consists of an 'if' clause (present simple tense) and a main clause (will + base verb).
中文： 第一类条件句（First Conditional）用于描述在未来极有可能发生的真实情况。其结构为：if 引导的从句使用“现在简单时”，而主句则使用“will + 动词原形”。
If you study hard, you will pass the exam.
如果你努力学习，你就会通过考试。
EN： The adverb 'daily' means 'every day' and is used to describe the frequency of an action. It can function as an adverb modifying the verb 'review'.
中文： 副词“daily”意思是“每天”，用来修饰动词“review”（复习），表示该动作发生的频率。
EN： The conjunction 'although' is used to introduce a subordinate clause of concession, showing a contrast with the main clause. In English, we do not use 'but' in the main clause when 'although' is used.
中文： 连词“although”（虽然）用于引导表示让步的从句，以显示与主句的对比。在英语中，当使用了“although”时，主句就不能再用“but”（但是）。
Although it was raining, we went for a walk.
虽然下着雨，我们还是去散步了。
EN： The verb 'feel' is a linking verb (copula) that is followed by an adjective (like 'ready') rather than an adverb, to describe the subject's state or feeling.
中文： 动词“feel”（感觉）是一个系动词（linking verb），后面要接形容词（如“ready”）而非副词，用来描述主语的状态或感受。
She felt happy after hearing the good news.
听到好消息后，她感到很高兴。
EN： The subordinating conjunction 'because' is used to introduce a dependent clause (adverbial clause of reason) that explains the cause or reason for the action in the main clause.
中文： 从属连词“because”（因为）用于引导从属从句（原因状语从句），用来解释主句动作发生的原因或理由。
I stayed at home because it was raining.
我待在家里是因为下雨了。
EN： The phrase 'do well' is a common collocation where 'do' acts as an intransitive verb meaning to perform or progress, and 'well' is an adverb modifying the verb to indicate a high standard or successful outcome.
中文： 短语“do well”是一个常见的搭配，其中“do”作为不及物动词，表示表现或进展，而“well”是副词，用来修饰动词，表示高标准的或成功的表现（表现良好）。
EN： The Zero Conditional is used to talk about general truths, habits, or scientific facts. It uses the present simple tense in both the 'if/when' clause (condition) and the main clause (result).
中文： 零条件句（Zero Conditional）用于描述普遍真理、习惯或科学事实。其结构在 'if/when' 引导的条件从句与主句中，皆使用一般现在时（Present Simple）。
When you heat ice, it melts.
当你加热冰块时，它会融化。
EN： Adverbial clauses of time introduced by 'when' indicate the time at which the action in the main clause takes place. When the adverbial clause comes first, a comma is required to separate it from the main clause.
中文： 由 'when' 引导的时间状语从句（Adverbial Clause of Time）用来表示主句动作发生的时间。当状语从句放在句首时，必须使用逗号与主句隔开。
When the bell rings, the class starts.
当钟声响起时，课程就开始了。
EN： The Zero Conditional is used to talk about general truths, scientific facts, or habits that always happen under a certain condition. The structure is 'If + present simple, present simple' (or a modal verb like 'can' to express ability).
中文： 零条件句（Zero Conditional）用于描述普遍真理、科学事实或在某种条件下必然发生的习惯。其结构为“If + 现在简单时，现在简单时”（或使用情态动词如 'can' 来表示能力）。
If you heat ice, it melts.
如果你加热冰，它就会融化。
EN： The adverb 'well' is used to modify the verb 'sleep' to describe the quality of the action. 'Better' is the comparative form of 'well', used here to modify the verb 'focus' and show an increased degree of concentration.
中文： 副词“well”（好地）用于修饰动词“sleep”（睡觉）以描述动作的质量。而“better”是“well”的比较级形式，在此处用于修饰动词“focus”（专注），表示专注程度的提升。
If you practice daily, you can play better.
如果你每天练习，你就能弹得更好。
EN： The subordinating conjunction 'although' is used to introduce a concession clause, showing a contrast between two ideas. In English, we do not use 'but' in the main clause when 'although' is used at the beginning of the sentence.
中文： 从属连词“although”（虽然）用于引导让步从句，表示两个想法之间的对比。在英语中，当句首使用了“although”时，主句中不能再使用“but”（但是）。
Although it was raining, we went for a walk.
虽然下着雨，我们还是去散步了。
EN： The verb 'stay' can function as a linking verb (copula) meaning 'to remain in a particular state'. It is followed directly by an adjective (e.g., 'calm', 'focused') rather than an adverb.
中文： 动词“stay”可以作为系动词使用，意思是“保持某种状态”。其后直接接形容词（例如“calm”冷静的、“focused”专注的），而非副词。
Please stay quiet during the exam.
考试期间请保持安静。
EN： Adverbial clauses of time are introduced by conjunctions like 'when'. They indicate the time at which the action in the main clause takes place. In this sentence, 'when I read a chapter' is the adverbial clause modifying the main action 'I make notes'. Note that for habitual actions or general truths, the present simple tense is used in both clauses.
中文： 时间状语从句由“when”（当……时）等连词引导，用来表示主句动作发生的时间。在本句中，“when I read a chapter”是修饰主句动作“I make notes”的时间状语从句。请注意，表示习惯性动作或普遍真理时，两个从句都用现在简单时。
I listen to music when I clean my room.
当我整理房间时，我会听音乐。
EN： The collocation 'make notes' (or 'take notes') means to write down brief records of information to help you remember or study. It is a common verb-noun collocation used in academic and professional contexts.
中文： 动词短语“make notes”（或 take notes）意思是“做笔记”，指写下简短的信息记录以帮助记忆或学习。这是学术和工作情境中非常常见的动词与名词搭配。
Please make notes during the lecture.
请在听课时做笔记。
EN： Active reading strategies, such as 'making notes' or highlighting, are highly emphasized in Western academic culture. Students are encouraged to interact with the text rather than just passively reading it, which is believed to foster critical thinking and better retention.
中文： 在西方學術文化中，非常強調「主動閱讀策略」（如做筆記或畫重點）。學校鼓勵學生與文本進行互動，而不僅僅是 passive（被動）閱讀，這被認為能培養批判性思考並提高記憶效果。
EN： The subordinating conjunction 'because' is used to introduce a dependent clause (adverbial clause of cause) that explains the reason for something. In English, when the 'because' clause comes first, it is separated from the main clause by a comma. Note that unlike Chinese, we do not use 'so' (所以) in the main clause when 'because' is already used.
中文： 从属连接词「because」（因为）用于引导从属从句（原因状语从句），用以解释某事的原因。在英文中，当「because」引导的从句放在句首时，必须用逗号与主句隔开。请注意，与中文不同，英文句中既然使用了「because」，主句就不能再使用「so」（所以）。
Because it was raining, we stayed indoors.
因为下雨了，所以我们待在室内。
EN： The simple past tense is used here ('practiced', 'was') to describe completed actions or states in the past. 'Practiced' is the regular past tense form of the verb 'practice', and 'was' is the past tense of the linking verb 'be' for singular subjects.
中文： 此处使用一般过去时（「practiced」、「was」）来描述过去已经完成的动作或状态。「practiced」是动词「practice」（练习）的规则过去式变化，而「was」则是连系动词「be」在单数主语下的过去式形式。
Because she studied hard, the exam was easy.
因为她努力读书，所以考试很简单。
EN： In Western academic culture, a 'quiz' is usually a short, informal test often used by teachers to check daily or weekly progress, distinct from a major 'exam' or 'test'. The sentence reflects a growth mindset where effort (practicing) directly leads to success.
中文： 在西方學術文化中，「quiz」通常指簡短、非正式的隨堂小測驗，教師常用來檢視每日或每週的學習進度，與大型的「exam」（考試）或「test」不同。這句話也反映了一種成長型思維，即付出努力（練習）會直接帶來好成果。
EN： The Zero Conditional is used to talk about things that are generally or always true. It uses the structure: 'If + Simple Present, Simple Present'. In this sentence, 'If we study together' (present simple) leads to a general truth 'it is more fun' (present simple).
中文： 零条件句（Zero Conditional）用于描述通常或总是成立的事情。其结构为：“If + 现在简单时，现在简单时”。在此句中，“If we study together”（现在简单时）导出一个普遍事实“it is more fun”（现在简单时）。
If you heat ice, it melts.
如果你加热冰，它就会融化。
EN： The comparative adjective 'more' is used before two-syllable or longer adjectives (like 'fun' in modern informal usage, or 'interesting') to compare two situations or things.
中文： 比较级形容词“more”用于双音节或更长的形容词前（例如现代口语中的“fun”或“interesting”），用来比较两种情况或事物。
This book is more interesting than the last one.
这本书比上一本更有趣。
EN： The subordinating conjunction 'when' is used to introduce an adverbial clause of time, establishing a condition or a specific time frame under which the main clause occurs.
中文： 从属连词“when”（当……时）用于引导时间状语从句，用以确立主句动作发生的条件或特定时间点。
When you practice daily, your English improves.
当你每天练习时，你的英语就会进步。
EN： Gerunds (verb + -ing) can function as nouns. In this sentence, 'learning' acts as the subject of the main clause, representing the activity or process of acquiring knowledge.
中文： 动名词（动词 + -ing）可以作为名词使用。在本句中，“learning”（学习）作为主句的主语，代表获取知识的活动或过程。
Reading is a great way to expand your vocabulary.
阅读是扩大词汇量的好方法。
EN： The conjunction 'although' is used to introduce a concession clause, showing contrast. In English, we do not use 'but' in the main clause when 'although' is used to start the sentence.
中文： 连词“although”（虽然）用于引导让步从句，表示对比。在英语语法中，当句首使用了“although”，后面的主句就不能再用“but”（但是）。
Although it was raining, we went for a walk.
虽然下着雨，我们还是去散步了。
EN： The phrasal verb 'pay off' means to yield good results or succeed after effort has been made.
中文： 短语动词“pay off”意思是“得到好结果”或“成功、有回报”，通常用于描述付出的努力、计划或时间最终带来了回报。
Her dedication to practice finally paid off when she won the competition.
她对练习的专注付出终于在赢得比赛时得到了回报。
EN： The phrase 'hard work pays off' is a very common English idiom and a core cultural belief in many English-speaking societies, emphasizing meritocracy and the value of perseverance.
中文： 「hard work pays off」是一個非常常見的英文成語，也是許多英語系國家核心文化價值觀之一，強調「一分耕耘，一分收穫」的唯才是用與堅持不懈的精神。
EN： The infinitive 'to share' acts as the direct object of the verb 'want'. In English, certain verbs like 'want', 'hope', and 'decide' must be followed by an infinitive (to + verb) when expressing a future action or desire.
中文： 不定式“to share”在此作为动词“want”的直接宾语。在英语中，某些动词如“want”（想要）、“hope”（希望）和“decide”（决定）后面必须接不定式（to + 动词原形），用来表示未来的动作或愿望。
I want to learn a new language this year.
我今年想要学习一门新的语言。
EN： The word 'that' introduces a defining relative clause ('that really help me') which modifies the noun phrase 'some study tips'. 'That' acts as the subject relative pronoun within the clause.
中文： 单词“that”引导一个限定性定语从句（that really help me），用来修饰名词短语“some study tips”（一些学习技巧）。在此从句中，“that”充当主语关系代词。
She told me a story that inspired everyone.
她告诉我一个启发了所有人的故事。
EN： Adverbial clauses of time introduced by 'when' are used to show that two actions happen at the same time or one follows immediately after another. In the present tense, it often describes a general habit or routine.
中文： 由 'when'（当……时）引导的时间状语从句，用于表示两个动作同时发生，或一个动作紧接着另一个动作发生。在现在简单时中，这通常用来描述一般的习惯或例行公事。
When I arrive at the office, I make a cup of coffee.
当我到达办公室时，我会泡一杯咖啡。
EN： The phrasal verb 'sit down' means to move from a standing position to a sitting position. It is often followed by an infinitive of purpose (e.g., 'to study') to explain the reason for sitting down.
中文： 短语动词 'sit down' 意为“坐下”。后面常接不定式（如 'to study'）来表示坐下的目的（表目的的不定式）。
EN： Zero Conditional: Used to talk about things that are always true, habits, or general facts. The structure is 'If + present simple, present simple'.
中文： 零条件句（Zero Conditional）：用于描述总是成立的事情、习惯或普遍真理。其结构为“If + 现在简单时，现在简单时”。
If you heat water to 100 degrees, it boils.
如果你把水加热到100摄氏度，它就会沸腾。
EN： Adverbs of Frequency: Words like 'never' are placed before the main verb (feel) but after the auxiliary verb or 'be' verb to show how often an action happens.
中文： 频率副词：像“never”（从不）这样的词，通常放在实义动词（如 feel）之前，但放在助动词或 be 动词之后，用来表示动作发生的频率。
She always drinks coffee in the morning.
她早上总是喝咖啡。
EN： The conjunction 'although' is used to introduce a concession clause, showing a contrast between two ideas. In English, we do not use 'but' in the main clause when 'although' is used to start the sentence.
中文： 连词“although”（虽然）用于引导让步从句，表示两个想法之间的对比。在英语中，当句子开头使用了“although”，后面的主句就不能再用“but”（但是）。
Although it was raining, we went for a walk.
虽然正在下雨，我们还是去散步了。
EN： The negative simple present tense 'do not' (often contracted to 'don't') is used with the base form of the verb ('give up') to express a habitual action, general truth, or current state.
中文： 否定现在简单时“do not”（常缩写为 don't）与动词原形（此处为 give up）连用，用来表示习惯性动作、普遍事实或目前的状态。
I do not eat meat because I am a vegetarian.
我不吃肉，因为我是素食主义者。
EN： The subordinating conjunction 'when' is used to introduce an adverbial clause of time, indicating the situation or condition under which the main action occurs.
中文： 从属连接词「when」（当……时）用于引导时间状语从句，用来表示主句动作发生的时间背景或条件。
I listen to music when I clean my room.
当我打扫房间时，我会听音乐。
EN： The coordinating conjunction 'or' connects two adjectives ('tired' and 'bored') that function as subject complements, presenting alternative states.
中文： 并列连接词「or」（或者）连接两个作主语补语的形容词（tired 与 bored），用来表示两种可能的状态选择。
You can choose a blue or green pen.
你可以选择蓝色或绿色的笔。
EN： In modern study and work culture, taking 'short breaks' is often associated with productivity techniques like the Pomodoro Technique, reflecting a healthy balance between focus and rest.
中文： 在現代學習與工作文化中，「短暫休息」常與番茄工作法等高效率時間管理技術相提並論，反映出在專注與休息之間取得健康平衡的觀念。
EN： The subordinating conjunction 'because' is used to introduce a dependent clause that states the reason for something. In English, unlike in Chinese, we do not use 'because' and 'so' in the same sentence. If a sentence starts with 'Because...', the main clause follows after a comma without 'so'.
中文： 从属连词“because”（因为）用来引导表示原因的从句。在英语中，与中文不同的是，“because”和“so”（所以）不能同时出现在同一个句子里。如果句子以“Because...”开头，主句会在逗号之后直接出现，不需加上“so”。
Because it was raining, we stayed indoors.
因为下雨，我们待在室内。
EN： The adverbial phrase 'every day' (written as two words) functions as a modifier of time, indicating frequency. It usually placed at the end of a clause or sentence to show how often an action occurs.
中文： 副词短语“every day”（写成两个单词）作为时间修饰语，表示频率。它通常放在从句或句子的末尾，用来表示某个动作发生的频率。
EN： In English-speaking academic cultures, consistent daily review and active recall are highly emphasized over 'cramming' (studying intensively right before an exam). This sentence reflects a healthy and widely encouraged study habit.
中文： 在英語系的學術文化中，非常強調「每日持續複習」與「主動回想」，而非考前「臨時抱佛腳」（cramming）。這句話反映了一種健康且受到廣泛推崇的學習習慣。
EN： The Zero Conditional is used to talk about general truths, habits, or scientific facts. It uses the structure: 'If + Present Simple, Present Simple'. In this sentence, it describes a habitual action: whenever the speaker doesn't understand, they ask the teacher.
中文： 零条件句（Zero Conditional）用于描述普遍真理、习惯或事实。其结构为“If + 现在简单时，现在简单时”。在本句中，它描述了一个习惯性动作：每当说话者不懂时，就会向老师求助。
If it rains, the grass gets wet.
如果下雨，草地就会变湿。
EN： The phrase 'ask someone for help' is a common collocation meaning to request assistance from someone. 'For' is the preposition used to introduce the object of the request (help).
中文： 短语“ask someone for help”是一个常见的搭配，意思是向某人寻求帮助。介词“for”用来引导请求的对象（帮助）。
You can always ask me for help if you are confused.
如果你感到困惑，随时可以向我寻求帮助。
EN： The conjunction 'although' is used to introduce a subordinate clause of concession, showing a contrast. Unlike in Chinese, 'although' should not be paired with 'but' in the same sentence in English.
中文： 连词“although”（虽然）用于引导让步从句，表示对比。与中文语法不同，在英语中“although”不能与“but”（但是）同时出现在同一个句子中。
Although it was raining, we went for a walk.
虽然下着雨，我们还是去散步了。
EN： The verb 'keep' can be used in the pattern 'keep + object + adjective' to mean causing someone or something to remain in a particular state.
中文： 动词“keep”可用于“keep + 宾语 + 形容词”的句型，表示使某人或某物保持在特定的状态。
Please keep the door open.
请保持门开着。
EN： Adverbial clauses of time introduced by 'when' are used to indicate that the action in the main clause happens at the same time as or immediately after the action in the dependent clause. In this sentence, 'When we study smart' sets the condition or time frame for the main result.
中文： 由 'when'（当……时）引导的时间状语从句，用于表示主句的动作与从句的动作同时发生或紧随其后。在本句中，“When we study smart”为后续的主句结果设定了时间背景或条件。
When you practice daily, your English improves quickly.
当你每天练习时，你的英语进步得很快。
EN： The comparative modifier 'much' is used before comparative adjectives (like 'easier') to add emphasis, meaning 'by a great deal' or 'significantly'.
中文： 比较级修饰语“much”置于比较级形容词（如“easier”）之前以示强调，表示“得多”或“显著地”。
This new method is much better than the old one.
这个新方法比旧的好得多。
EN： The phrase 'study smart' (often contrasted with 'study hard') reflects a modern educational shift in English-speaking cultures, emphasizing efficiency, active learning techniques, and cognitive strategy over sheer hours of memorization.
中文： 「study smart」（聰明地學習，常與「study hard」努力地學習做對比）反映了英語系國家現代教育觀念的轉變，強調效率、主動學習技巧和認知策略，而非單純依靠長時間的死記硬背。
EN： The use of 'when' as a subordinating conjunction to introduce a time clause. It describes the condition or time under which the action in the main clause ('What do you do') takes place.
中文： 使用 'when'（当……时）作为从属连词来引导时间状语从句。它用来描述主句（'What do you do'，你会做什么）发生的时间或情境。
What do you do when you feel bored?
当你感到无聊时，你会做些什么？
EN： The linking verb 'feel' followed by an adjective ('stressed') to describe a state of mind or physical condition. This is a common pattern for expressing emotions or physical states.
中文： 系动词 'feel'（感到）后面接形容词（'stressed'，感到有压力的）来描述心理或生理状态。这是表达情绪或身体状况的常用句型。
I feel tired after a long walk.
长途步行后我感到疲倦。
EN： In English-speaking cultures, checking in on a friend's well-being and asking how they cope with stress is a common way to show empathy and build supportive relationships. Using the person's name ('Emma') at the end of the question adds a personal and caring touch to the conversation.
中文： 在英語系國家中，關心朋友的身心狀況並詢問他們如何應對壓力，是展現同理心和建立支持性關係的常見方式。在問句末尾加上對方的名字（「艾瑪」），能為對話增添一份親切與關懷的溫度。
EN： The 'When' clause is a subordinate adverbial clause of time. It is used to describe a general truth, habit, or a specific situation that triggers another action. When the 'when' clause comes first, it is separated from the main clause by a comma.
中文： “When”引导的从句是时间状语从句，用来描述普遍真理、习惯或触发另一个动作的特定情境。当“when”从句放在句首时，必须用逗号与主句隔开。
When I drink coffee, I feel energized.
当我喝咖啡时，我会感到精力充沛。
EN： The verb 'feel' is a linking verb (copula) that is followed by an adjective (stressed) to describe the subject's state or emotion. 'Stressed' is a past participle used as an adjective meaning experiencing mental or emotional strain.
中文： 动词「feel」（感觉）是一个连系动词（系动词），后面接形容词（stressed）来描述主词的状态或情绪。「Stressed」是过去分词作形容词用，意思是感到有压力的。
She feels happy when she listens to music.
当她听音乐时，她感到很快乐。
EN： In English-speaking cultures, taking 'deep breaths' is a very common, universally recommended self-care technique for managing stress and anxiety, often taught in schools and workplaces.
中文： 在英語系國家中，「深呼吸」（taking deep breaths）是一種非常普遍且備受推薦的自我調適與紓壓方法，學校和職場中也經常推廣這種減壓技巧。
EN： First Conditional: Used to talk about possibilities in the present or in the future. The structure is 'If + simple present, will + base verb'.
中文： 第一类条件句（First Conditional）：用于描述在现在或未来极可能发生的真实情况。结构为“If + 现在简单时，will + 动词原形”。
If it rains tomorrow, we will cancel the picnic.
如果明天下雨，我们就会取消野餐。
EN： Adverbs of Time: Words like 'tonight' and 'tomorrow' are used to specify when an action takes place, usually placed at the end of the clause.
中文： 时间副词：像 'tonight'（今晚）和 'tomorrow'（明天）这样的词，用来明确指出动作发生的时间，通常放在从句的末尾。
I will call you tonight.
我今晚会打电话给你。
EN： In English-speaking academic culture, 'reviewing' (or 'revising' in British English) before an exam is highly emphasized. The sentence reflects a common mindset of linking consistent effort directly to successful outcomes.
中文： 在英語系的學術文化中，考試前的「reviewing」（在英式英語中常用 'revising'，意為複習）非常受到重視。這句話反映了一種常見的思維模式，即將持續的努力與成功的結果直接聯繫在一起。
EN： The conjunction 'although' is used to introduce a concessive clause, which presents a contrast to the main clause. In English, we do not use 'but' in the main clause when 'although' is used at the beginning of the sentence.
中文： 连词“although”（虽然）用于引导让步从句，表示与主句相反或对比的情况。在英语语法中，当句首使用了“although”，主句中就不能再用“but”（但是）。
Although it was raining, we went for a walk.
虽然下着雨，我们还是去散步了。
EN： The phrase 'make time' means to deliberately arrange one's schedule to find time for a specific activity, even when busy.
中文： 短语“make time”字面意思是“创造时间”，意指“抽空”或“挤出时间”来做某件特定的事情，特别是在日程繁忙的时候。
I always try to make time for exercise.
我总是努力抽空锻炼。
EN： In English-speaking academic and professional cultures, 'making time' for self-improvement or study is highly valued and seen as a sign of strong self-discipline and time management skills.
中文： 在英語系的學術與職場文化中，「make time」（抽空、擠出時間）來進行自我提升或學習是被高度推崇的，這被視為強烈自律與時間管理能力的展現。
EN： The subordinating conjunction 'because' is used to introduce a subordinate clause that states the reason for the action or state in the main clause. In this sentence, 'because my room is quiet' explains the reason why the speaker focuses better.
中文： 从属连接词「because」（因为）用于引导从属从句，以说明主句动作或状态的原因。在本句中，「because my room is quiet」解释了说话者为什么能更专心的原因。
I stayed at home because it was raining.
我待在家里，因为下雨了。
EN： The word 'better' is the comparative form of the adverb 'well'. It modifies the verb 'focus' to show a higher degree of concentration.
中文： 单词「better」是副词「well」的比较级。它修饰动词「focus」，用以表示更高程度的专注力。
She sings better after taking music lessons.
上过音乐课后，她唱得更好了。
EN： In Western study culture, creating a personalized, quiet study environment (often called a 'study space' or 'study nook') is highly emphasized as a key to academic productivity and mental focus.
中文： 在西方的學習文化中，創造一個個性化且安靜的學習空間（通常被稱為「study space」或「study nook」）被高度重視，這被視為提高學習效率和專注力的關鍵。
EN： Adverbial clauses of time introduced by 'when' are used to indicate that the action in the main clause happens at the same time as or immediately after the action in the dependent clause. In this sentence, 'When you need help' sets the condition or time for the main action.
中文： 由 'when'（当……时）引导的时间状语从句，用于表示主句的动作与从句的动作同时发生或紧随其后。在本句中，“When you need help”为主要动作设定了时间或前提条件。
When you arrive at the station, give me a call.
当你到达车站时，给我打个电话。
EN： Imperative sentences are used to give orders, advice, or instructions. They start with the base form of the verb (here, 'ask') and the subject 'you' is omitted. The word 'just' is often added before the verb to make the request or advice sound more casual, encouraging, or simple to do.
中文： 祈使句用于给予命令、建议或指示。它们以动词原形（此处为 'ask'）开头，并省略主语 'you'。在动词前加上 'just'（尽管/只需）常使请求或建议听起来更随和、具鼓励性或显得事情很简单。
Just press this button to start the machine.
只需按下这个按钮即可启动机器。
EN： First Conditional (If + Present Simple, ... Will + Verb): Used to talk about possibilities in the present or in the future that are realistic or likely to happen.
中文： 第一类条件句（If + 现在简单时，... Will + 动词原形）：用于描述在现在或未来极有可能发生或实现的情况与结果。
If you study hard, you will pass the exam.
如果你努力学习，你就会通过考试。
EN： Collocation 'reach one's goals': A common verb-noun pairing meaning to achieve or attain the objectives one has set.
中文： 常见搭配“reach one's goals”：意为“实现某人的目标”，其中 reach 作为动词表示达到，goals 为复数名词表示多个目标。
With dedication, they will reach their goals.
凭借奉献精神，他们将会实现他们的目标。
EN： The conjunction 'although' is used to introduce a subordinate clause of concession, showing a contrast between two ideas. In English, we do not use 'but' in the main clause when 'although' is used in the subordinate clause.
中文： 连接词「although」（虽然）用于引导让步状语从句，表示两个想法之间的对比。在英文中，当从句使用了「although」时，主句中不能再使用「but」（但是）。
Although it was raining, we went for a walk.
虽然下着雨，我们还是去散步了。
EN： The pronoun 'it' is used as a subject to refer back to a singular non-human noun previously mentioned (in this case, 'the book') to avoid repetition.
中文： 代词「it」（它）用作主语，用来指代前面提到过的单数非人称名词（在此句中指「the book」），以避免重复。
I bought a new pen, and it writes very smoothly.
我买了一支新笔，它写起来非常流畅。
EN： Linking Verb 'feel' + Adjective: The verb 'feel' is a linking verb (copular verb) used to describe the subject's state or emotion. It is followed directly by an adjective (e.g., 'proud') rather than an adverb.
中文： 系动词“feel”+ 形容词：动词“feel”（感觉）是一个系动词，用来描述主语的状态或情绪。其后直接接形容词（例如“proud”），而非副词。
I feel happy when I help others.
当我帮助他人时，我感到快乐。
EN： Adverbial Clause of Time with 'when': The conjunction 'when' introduces a dependent clause that indicates the time at which the action in the main clause occurs. In this sentence, 'when I finish my homework' tells us when the speaker feels proud.
中文： 由“when”引导的时间状语从句：连词“when”（当……时）用来引导一个从句，表示主句动作发生的时间。在此句子中，“when I finish my homework”说明了说话者何时感到自豪。
When the bell rings, the students leave the classroom.
当钟声响起时，学生们离开了教室。
EN： The subordinating conjunction 'because' is used to introduce a clause that states the reason for something. In English, unlike in Chinese, we do not use 'so' in the main clause when 'because' is used to start the sentence.
中文： 从属连词“because”（因为）用于引导表示原因的从句。在英语语法中，当句首使用了“because”时，主句的前面“不能”再使用“so”（所以），这与中文“因为……所以……”的双重连词习惯不同。
Because it was raining, we stayed indoors.
因为下雨，我们待在室内。
EN： The reciprocal pronoun 'each other' is used to show that two or more people do the same thing to one another. It functions as the object of the verb 'help'.
中文： 相互代词“each other”（彼此、互相）用于表示两个或以上的人对彼此做相同的事情。在此句中，它作为动词“help”的宾语。
They always support each other during difficult times.
他们在困难时期总是互相支持。
重要单词附有 IPA 发音、定义、例句和互动式测验。
在本文中： 复习（功课、所学内容）
在本文中： 集中注意力、专注
在本文中： 紧张的、担忧的
在本文中： 冷静的、镇静的
在本文中： 压力大的、令人紧张的
在本文中： 习惯
在本文中： 感到无聊的、厌烦的
在本文中： 进步、改善
片语包含类型标示、双语定义、用法说明和例句。
To yield good results; to succeed.
得到回报、取得成功
To stop trying to do something.
放弃
To stop an activity for a short time in order to rest.
休息一下
To inhale and exhale deeply, often to calm oneself down.
深呼吸