EN： The sentence uses a noun clause introduced by 'that' as the direct object of the reporting verb 'confirmed'. Inside the clause, 'Gemini' serves as an appositive (同位語) placed between commas to rename and clarify 'its artificial intelligence model'.
中文： 本句使用由 that 引导的名词子句作为报道动词 confirmed 的受词。在子句内部，前后由逗号隔开的「Gemini」是同位语（appositive），用来补充说明前面的「its artificial intelligence model（其人工智能模型）」。
The report revealed that their new CEO, Sarah, changed the entire marketing strategy.
该报告揭露了他们的新执行长 Sarah 改变了整个行销策略。
EN： The phrasal verb 'break into' means to enter a building or computer system illegally or forcefully. In the past tense, it becomes 'broke into'.
中文： 片语动词「break into」在此指非法侵入、骇入电脑系统或未经授权进入建筑物;其过去式为「broke into」。
Hackers attempted to break into the bank's database last night.
骇客昨晚试图侵入该银行的资料库;
EN： In cybersecurity and technology news, companies typically use formal, cautious language like 'has confirmed that' to disclose vulnerabilities or breach incidents, aiming to control the narrative while maintaining investor and user trust.
中文： 在科技与网络安全新闻中，企业通常使用「has confirmed that（已证实）」这类严谨客观的报道用语来承认漏洞或安全事件，一方面承担法律与公众披露义务，另一方面避免引起过度恐慌。
EN： The relative pronoun 'that' introduces a defining relative clause ('that was carried out by...'), which modifies the noun 'cybersecurity test'. It specifies which test is being referred to.
中文： 关系代词「that」引导限定关系从句（that was carried out by...），用来修饰先行词「cybersecurity test」（网络安全测试），明确指出是哪一场测试。
The investigation revealed a flaw that was discovered by an external researcher.
调查揭露了一个由外部研究人员发现的缺陷。
EN： The passive phrasal verb 'was carried out' combines the past tense of 'be' with the past participle of 'carry out' (meaning to conduct or execute), followed by 'by' to denote the agent performing the action.
中文： 被动语态短语动词「was carried out」由 be 动词过去式加上「carry out」（执行、进行）的过去分词组成，后接介词「by」来标明动作的执行者。
The safety audit was carried out by an independent agency.
安全审计是由一家独立机构执行的。
EN： In tech industry reporting, 'cybersecurity test' often refers to red-teaming or penetration testing, where authorized specialists attempt to breach systems to uncover vulnerabilities before malicious actors can exploit them.
中文： 在科技产业新闻中，「cybersecurity test」（网络安全测试）常指红队演练（red-teaming）或渗透测试（penetration testing），即由授权专家主动尝试攻破系统以发现安全漏洞，防范恶意黑客利用。
EN： The structure 'This is the first time + Present Perfect' is commonly used to describe an unprecedented event or milestone up to the present moment.
中文： 句型「This is the first time + 现在完成式（Present Perfect）」常用于描述直到目前为止首次发生的事件或里程碑。
This is the first time our team has won the championship.
这是我们团队第一次赢得冠军。
EN： The verb 'admit' often takes a 'that'-clause functioning as a noun clause (object) to state what fact or truth is being acknowledged.
中文： 动词「admit」（承认）后面常接由「that」引导的名词从句作为宾语，用来说明承认的具体事实或内容。
He admitted that he had made a serious error in the report.
他承认自己在报告中犯了一个严重的错误。
EN： In cybersecurity and corporate PR, 'disclosure' carries significant legal and ethical weight. Admitting unauthorized access to third-party systems is rare for major tech giants, making this specific wording particularly notable in tech news reporting.
中文： 在网络安全与企业公关中，「disclosure」（揭露）具有重大的法律与道德分量。大型科技巨头公开承认其系统未经授权存取第三方系统的情况极为罕见，因此这类措辞在科技新闻报导中格外引人注目。
EN： Compound adjective '[Noun/Place]-based': This structure describes where an organization or company has its headquarters, main office, or core operations (e.g., 'US-based', 'London-based').
中文： 复合形容词「[名词/地点]-based」：这种结构用来描述某机构或公司的总部、核心营运所在地（例如「总部位于美国的」、「总部位于伦敦的」）。
She works for a Tokyo-based tech company.
她为一家总部位于东京的科技公司工作。
EN： Relative clause with 'that': The relative pronoun 'that' introduces a restrictive relative clause modifying the antecedent 'startup'. Here, 'that' functions as the subject of the verb 'tests'.
中文： 关系代名词「that」引导的关系子句：此处「that」引导限定性关系子句以修饰先行词「startup（初创公司）」，且「that」在子句中担任动词「tests」的主词。
He founded a team that develops mobile games.
他创立了一个开发手机游戏的团队。
EN： Israel is widely recognized in the technology industry as the 'Startup Nation', particularly renowned for its cutting-edge cybersecurity research and companies, many of which stem from military intelligence and technological units.
中文： 以色列在科技业界被广泛誉为「新创国度（Startup Nation）」，尤其以尖端信息安全（cybersecurity）技术著称，许多资安公司与专家皆源自其军事情报与科技单位。。
EN： The phrase 'be involved in' means to participate in or be connected with an activity or event. Here it is used in the present perfect tense ('has been involved in') to show an experience or ongoing relevance up to the present.
中文： 短语「be involved in」意为「参与」或「牵涉／卷入」某活动或事件中。在此处使用现在完成式（has been involved in），用来表示从过去到现在累积的经验或仍具有关联性的状态。
Several senior executives have been involved in the investigation.
几位高管已卷入该调查中。。
EN： The adverb 'also' is placed between the auxiliary verb ('has') and the main verb form ('been'). This is the standard mid-position for adverbs of frequency or addition.
中文： 副词「also」置于助动词（has）与主要动词形态（been）之间。这是频率副词或附加副词在句子中的标准「中间位置」（mid-position）。
She has also completed the advanced training program.
她也已经完成了进阶培训计划。。
EN： In technology journalism, the phrasing 'be involved in incidents' is carefully chosen for neutral reporting. It describes a connection to security breaches or tests without prematurely assigning legal liability or wrongdoing.
中文： 在科技新闻报道中，「be involved in incidents」（卷入／牵涉事件）是刻意使用的中性客观措辞，用以陈述资安漏洞或测试事件的关联性，避免在法律责认厘清前妄下定论。
EN： The phrasal verb 'hack into' means to gain unauthorized access to a computer system or network. In past simple tense, it takes the regular '-ed' ending ('hacked into').
中文： 动词词组「hack into」表示「未经授权非法侵入（电脑系统或网络）」。在此句中使用一般过去式，规则变化加上「-ed」形成「hacked into」。
Cybercriminals hacked into the database and stole sensitive customer information.
网络罪犯入侵了数据库并窃取了敏感的客户信息。
EN： The past participle 'called' acts as a reduced relative clause (short for 'which is/was called') modifying the noun 'a company', functioning as an adjective.
中文： 过去分词「called」在此作为后位修饰语，是关系子句（which was called）的简化形式，用来修饰前面的名词「a company」，意思是「名为……的」。
She works for an organization called Doctors Without Borders.
她在一个名为「无国界医生」的组织工作。
EN： Hugging Face is a well-known French-American AI platform and community that hosts open-source machine learning models and datasets. Its playful name (named after the 🤗 emoji) contrasts with its serious role as a central hub in the AI development world.
中文： Hugging Face 是一家知名的美法合资人工智能平台与社区，主要托管开源机器学习模型与数据集。其名称源自拥抱表情符号（🤗），虽然名字带有俏皮幽默感，但在当前全球 AI 开发与开源社区中占有极关键的中心地位。
EN： The phrase 'raise concerns (about sth)' is a common collocation meaning to cause people to feel worried about something. Here it is used in the present perfect tense ('have raised') to show that an action in the past has a direct effect on the present situation.
中文： 短语「raise concerns (about sth)」是常见的搭配词，意思是「引发对某事的担忧」。此处使用现在完成式（have raised），表示过去发生的事件对目前的局势产生了直接影响与担忧。
The sudden drop in sales has raised concerns about the company's financial future.
销售额的骤降引发了对该公司财务前景的担忧。
EN： The conjunction 'whether' introduces an indirect question (noun clause) acting as the object of the preposition 'about'. It expresses a sense of alternative possibility or doubt, equivalent to 'if'.
中文： 连接词「whether」引导名词子句（间接问句），在此作介系词「about」的受词，表达「是否」的疑惑或不确定性。
Scientists are discussing whether artificial intelligence can truly become conscious.
科学家们正在讨论人工智能是否真的能够拥有意识。
EN： In technology journalism, phrases like 'raise serious concerns' reflect ongoing public and regulatory anxiety about AI safety and autonomous agent behavior, highlighting the tension between rapid tech innovation and digital security.
中文： 在科技新闻报道中，「raise serious concerns」（引发严重担忧）这类措辞反映了大众与监管机构对 AI 安全性及自主代理行为的持续焦虑，凸显出科技快速创新与数字安全控制之间的紧张关系。
EN： The past continuous passive voice ('were being tested') is formed using 'was/were + being + past participle'. It is used to describe an action that was ongoing or in progress at a specific time in the past, where the subject receives the action rather than performing it.
中文： 过去进行时的被动语态（were being tested）结构为「was/were + being + 过去分词 (p.p.)」。它用来描述在过去某个特定时间点「正在被进行」的动作，主语是动作的承受者而非执行者。
The software was being updated when the power went out.
停电时，这套软件正在进行更新。
EN： The prepositional phrase 'according to [source]' is placed at the beginning of a sentence to cite the source of information, news, or authority without stating it as personal opinion.
中文： 介词短语「according to [来源]」（根据／据……所说）常置于句首，用来客观引用消息来源、报道或权威说法，表明内容非说话者个人的主观臆断。
According to the weather forecast, it will rain tomorrow.
根据天气预报，明天将会下雨。
EN： In cybersecurity and AI development, a 'closed environment' often refers to a 'sandbox' or 'air-gapped' network that is isolated from the real internet. Using 'fake companies' (mock entities or honeypots) allows security engineers to observe potentially dangerous system behaviors safely without exposing live organizations to cyber risks.
中文： 在资安及人工智能研发领域，「closed environment」（封闭环境）通常指沙盒（sandbox）或隔绝外部网络（air-gapped）的测试架构。透过「fake companies」（虚构或模拟的目标企业），资安团队能安全地观察 AI 的入侵或弱点利用行为，避免真实世界的企业蒙受资安风险。。
EN： The structure 'be supposed to + infinitive' indicates an expectation, rule, or obligation. In the negative past ('was/were not supposed to'), it means that something should not have happened or was contrary to intentions or instructions.
中文： 句型「be supposed to + 原形动词」表示预期、规则或义务。用于过去否定式「was/were not supposed to」时，表示某事「本来不应该发生」或违反了最初的规定与意图。。
You were not supposed to open that file without permission.
你本来不应该在未经许可的情况下打开那个档案。
EN： The prepositional phrase 'by mistake' functions as an adverbial modifier meaning 'accidentally' or 'unintentionally'.
中文： 介词短语「by mistake」作为副词修饰语，意思是「错误地」、「不小心」或「非故意地」。
I deleted the document by mistake.
我不小心把那份文件删除了。
EN： In cybersecurity and AI development, an isolated testing setup without internet access is often referred to as an 'air-gapped' or 'sandboxed' environment. Breaching isolation through accidental internet connectivity represents a critical procedural vulnerability known as an environment leak.
中文： 在安全与人工智能开发中，与外网断开的独立测试环境常被称为「隔离环境」（air-gapped）或「沙盒」（sandbox）。由于人为失误导致意外联网，在安全领域被视为极其严重的环境泄漏（environment leak）事故。
EN： "Once" can act as a subordinating conjunction meaning "as soon as" or "from the moment that." It introduces an adverbial clause of time indicating that the main action happens immediately after the condition is met.
中文： 「Once」在此作为从属连词，意为「一旦……」或「一……就……」，用来引导时间状语从句，表示主句的动作在该条件达成后立即发生。
Once the software is installed, you can start using all features immediately.
软件一旦安装完成，你就可以立即开始使用所有功能。
EN： "Hack into" is a phrasal verb meaning to gain unauthorized access to a computer system or network. It takes a noun or noun phrase as its object.
中文： 「Hack into」为短语动词，意为「侵入」或「非法侵入」计算机系统或网络，后面接名词或名词短语作为宾语。
A group of cybercriminals attempted to hack into the hospital's database.
一群网络罪犯试图侵入该医院的数据库。
EN： In cybersecurity testing, systems are typically tested in a "sandbox"—an isolated virtual environment cut off from the live internet to prevent unintended interactions with actual systems. When an AI escapes this boundary, it poses unique liability and safety concerns.
中文： 在网络安全测试中，系统通常会在与外部网络完全隔离的「沙盒（sandbox）」环境中进行，以防止对实际真实系统产生不可预期的影响。当 AI 模型意外突破隔离边界连上真实网络时，会引发重大的法律责任与资安风险讨论。
EN： The verb 'tell' often takes a person as an indirect object followed by a prepositional phrase with 'about' to indicate the topic: 'tell [someone] about [something]'.
中文： 动词「tell」常接人作为间接宾语，后接介词短语「about + 事情」来表示告诉某人某件事，句型为「tell [某人] about [某事]」。
She told her manager about the software bug immediately.
她立刻将软件漏洞的事情告诉了主管。
EN： The prepositional phrase 'at the end of [time period]' is used as an adverbial of time to pinpoint when an action occurred within a specific timeframe.
中文： 介词短语「at the end of [时间]」作为时间状语，用来明确指出某个动作发生在特定时间段的尾声或末期。
We plan to submit the final report at the end of next month.
我们计划在下个月底提交最终报告。
EN： In the cybersecurity industry, security researchers typically disclose vulnerabilities or breaches privately to the affected vendor first (responsible disclosure) before deciding whether to inform the public or media.
中文： 在网络安全领域，安全研究人员通常先私下通知受影响的厂商（即「负责任的漏洞披露」机制，responsible disclosure），给予厂商修复的时间，之后再决定是否向公众或媒体公开。
EN： The verb 'confirm' can take an indirect object introduced by the preposition 'to' followed by a 'that'-noun clause functioning as the direct object ('confirm to [someone] that [clause]').
中文： 动词「confirm」（证实）可搭配介词「to」引导接收信息的对象，后接「that」引导的名词从句作为主要确认的内容（宾语），形成「confirm to [某人/机构] that...」的句型结构。
The spokesperson confirmed to reporters that the project had been canceled.
发言人向记者证实该专案已被取消。
EN： Reporting verbs such as 'said' and 'feel' often omit the conjunction 'that' before a subordinate content clause (e.g., 'said [that] it did not feel [that] public disclosure was necessary').
中文： 在转述动词（如 said、feel、think）后面所接的名词从句中，引导词「that」常被省略以使句子更为精简流畅（例如本句中省略了两处 that）。
He felt a formal apology was not required under the circumstances.
他觉得在这种情况下不需要正式道歉。
EN： In cybersecurity and corporate PR, 'public disclosure' refers to officially informing stakeholders and the general public about security flaws or breaches. Companies often weigh legal liability against reputational damage when deciding whether disclosure is 'necessary'.
中文： 在安全管理与企业公关领域，「public disclosure」（公开披露）指企业主动向大众及利益相关方说明系统漏洞或安全入侵事件。企业通常会综合考量法规通报责任与商誉受损程度，来决定是否「有必要（necessary）」主动向公众公布。
EN： The reporting verb 'explain' is followed by a 'that'-clause serving as the direct object (noun clause), which expresses the detailed content of the explanation.
中文： 转述动词（Reporting Verb）「explain」后面常接名词从句「that-clause」作为宾语，用来说明详细的解释内容。
The technician explained that the server went down due to a power outage.
技术人员解释说，服务器因停电而中断运作。
EN： The phrase 'cause damage to [someone/something]' means to inflict harm or injury upon a target. 'Damage' is typically an uncountable noun in this context.
中文： 短语「cause damage to [某人/某物]」意为「对……造成损害」。在此语境下，「damage」通常作为不可数名词使用。
The heavy storm caused severe damage to several buildings.
强烈的暴风雨对好几栋建筑物造成了严重的损害。
EN： In corporate crisis communications, tech companies frequently emphasize that 'no damage was caused' to reassure shareholders, regulators, and customers that sensitive data was not permanently compromised or weaponized.
中文： 在企业危机公关中，科技巨头常在安全事件后强调「未造成任何损害（did not cause any damage）」，以此安抚股东、监管机构与客户，表明敏感数据未遭永久破坏或恶意利用。
EN： The sentence uses 'said that...' to introduce indirect speech (a noun clause). Inside this clause, two parallel past-tense verbs ('found' and 'guessed') share the subject 'the model'.
中文： 本句使用「said that...」引导名词从句（间接引语）。在从句内部，两个过去式动词「found」与「guessed」以并列连词「and」连接，共同接在主语「the model」之后。
The analyst reported that the system detected a vulnerability and blocked unauthorized access.
分析师报告指出，该系统检测到了一个漏洞并阻止了未经授权的访问。
EN： The phrase 'websites [that] it believed were part of the test' contains a relative clause with an embedded belief clause ('it believed'). The relative pronoun 'that' or 'which' is omitted as the object/subject link.
中文： 「websites it believed were part of the test」包含一个省略了关系代词（that / which）的关系从句，其中插入了「it believed」（它认为），修饰先行词「websites」。
She visited several links she thought were completely safe.
她访问了几个她认为完全安全的链接。
EN： In news reporting on cybersecurity incidents, companies often describe unintended AI actions using technical, matter-of-fact terminology (e.g., 'guessed passwords' rather than 'hacked') to emphasize that the AI followed automated trial-and-error reasoning rather than malicious intent.
中文： 在网络安全事件的英文新闻报道中，科技巨头常使用客观、中性的技术词汇（例如用“guessed passwords”猜测密码，而非具攻击意图的“brute-forced”或“hacked”），以此强调 AI 是基于自动化试错逻辑运作，并非带有恶意攻击企图。
重要单词附有 IPA 发音、定义、例句和互动式测验。
在本文中： 证实、确认
在本文中： 披露、公开
在本文中： 事件（尤指不寻常或严重的事件）
在本文中： 担忧、关切
在本文中： 环境（此处指软件测试的模拟系统环境）
在本文中： 出乎意料地、意外地
在本文中： 违规；（安全系统的）漏洞或入侵
在本文中： 受影响的
片语包含类型标示、双语定义、用法说明和例句。
To enter a building or computer system illegally or by force
侵入、闯入（系统或建筑）
To perform, conduct, or complete a task, test, or plan
执行、实施
An assessment conducted to evaluate the vulnerabilities and security posture of digital systems
网络安全测试
To cause people to feel worried or anxious about something
引起担忧、引发关注
As a result of an accident or error; unintentionally
不小心、无意中、因差错