EN： Present Perfect Tense (have + past participle): Used to describe an action that happened at an unspecified time in the past and has a result or relevance in the present.
中文： 现在完成式 (have + 过去分词)：用于描述过去某个不特定时间发生的动作，且该动作与现在有结果上的关联或重要性。
They have opened a new restaurant in the city.
他们在城市里开了一家新餐厅。
EN： Prepositional Phrases as Modifiers: 'From New York' and 'in the Dominican Republic' provide specific details about the subject and the location of the action.
中文： 介词短语作为修饰语：「From New York」和「in the Dominican Republic」分别为句子的主语和动作发生的地点提供了具体细节。
The girl from London is studying in Paris.
那位来自伦敦的女孩正在巴黎读书。
EN： The Dominican Republic is one of the world's leading producers of organic cocoa. For many Dominican-Americans, returning to invest in their ancestral homeland is a way to bridge their dual identities and support local economic development.
中文： 多明尼加共和國是世界上主要的有機可可生產國之一。對於許多多明尼加裔美國人來說，回到祖籍國投資是連結雙重身份並支持當地經濟發展的一種方式。
EN： Relative Clauses with 'who': A relative clause provides more information about a noun (the antecedent). 'Who' is used as a relative pronoun to refer to people and acts as the subject of the clause.
中文： 使用 'who' 的关系从句：关系从句用于提供关于名词（先行词）的更多信息。'Who' 作为关系代词，用来指代“人”，并在从句中担任主语。
I know a teacher who lives in New York.
我认识一位住在纽约的老师。
EN： The Subject-Verb-Complement (SVC) structure: In this sentence, 'are' is a linking verb connecting the subject (Janett and Erika) to the subject complement (the daughters), which describes who they are.
中文： 主语-动词-补语 (SVC) 结构：在此句子中，'are' 是一个连系动词，将主语 (Janett and Erika) 与主语补语 (the daughters) 连接起来，用以描述她们的身份。
They are students from a local college.
他们是来自当地学院的学生。
EN： The Dominican diaspora in the United States, particularly in New York City (Queens and Washington Heights), is one of the largest immigrant groups. Many maintain strong ties to their homeland, often investing back into the Dominican economy, as seen with the Liriano sisters.
中文： 在美國的多明尼加移民群體，特別是在紐約市（皇后區和華盛頓高地），是最大的移民群體之一。許多人與家鄉保持著緊密的聯繫，並經常回饋多明尼加的經濟，正如 Liriano 姐妹所做的那樣。
EN： Passive Voice (be + past participle): Used when the subject receives the action. Here, 'were encouraged' shows the parents performed the action of encouraging.
中文： 被动语态 (be 动词 + 过去分词)：用于主语是动作的接受者时。这里的「were encouraged」表示父母是执行鼓励动作的人。
The students were inspired by the guest speaker.
学生们受到客座讲师的启发。
EN： Compound Predicate: A sentence where one subject performs two or more actions connected by a conjunction like 'and'. Here, the sisters 'grew up' and 'were encouraged'.
中文： 复合谓语：指一个主语同时执行两个或多个由连词（如 and）连接的动作。句中姐妹们既“长大”又“受到鼓励”。
He opened the door and walked into the room.
他打开了门并走进了房间。
EN： Queens is one of the five boroughs of New York City and is known for being one of the most ethnically diverse urban areas in the world, which aligns with the sisters' background as children of immigrants.
中文： 皇后區是紐約市五個行政區之一，以全球種族多樣性最高的城市區域之一而聞名，這與這對姐妹作為移民後代的背景相契合。
EN： Present Perfect Tense (has + past participle): Used to describe an action that started in the past and continues to have an effect or relevance in the present.
中文： 现在完成式 (has + 过去分词)：用于描述从过去开始并持续对现在产生影响或关联的动作。
The movie has influenced many young artists.
这部电影影响了许多年轻艺术家。
EN： Prepositional Phrase as a Modifier: The phrase 'of entrepreneurship' acts as an adjective to describe the specific type of 'story'.
中文： 介词短语作为修饰语：'of entrepreneurship'（关于创业的）这个短语充当形容词，用来描述“故事”的具体类型。
The history of the city is very interesting.
这座城市的历史非常有趣。
EN： The phrase 'both countries' refers to the United States (where the sisters grew up) and the Dominican Republic (their ancestral homeland). This highlights the 'transnational' identity common among many immigrant families in the U.S.
中文： 「這兩個國家」指的是美國（姐妹倆成長的地方）和多明尼加共和國（她們祖先的家鄉）。這突顯了美國許多移民家庭中常見的「跨國」身份認同。
EN： The preposition 'Before' can be followed by a gerund (verb + -ing) when the subject of the main clause is the same as the person performing the action in the phrase. This shortens the sentence from 'Before they started...'.
中文： 介词 'Before' 后面可以接动名词（V-ing），前提是主句的主语与该动作的执行者相同。这能将句子从 'Before they started...' 简化。
Before moving to London, he worked as a teacher.
在搬到伦敦之前，他担任教师工作。
EN： The Past Perfect tense ('had' + past participle) is used to describe an action that was completed before another point in time or another action in the past.
中文： 过去完成式（had + 过去分词）用于描述在过去某个时间点或另一个过去动作之前就已经完成的动作。
By the time I arrived, the meeting had already started.
当我到达时，会议已经开始了。
EN： New York City is often seen as a global hub for competitive industries like finance, fashion, and pharmaceuticals. Having a 'successful career in New York' implies a high level of professional achievement and resilience.
中文： 紐約市通常被視為金融、時尚和製藥等競爭激烈產業的全球樞紐。在紐約擁有「成功的職業生涯」意味著極高的專業成就和抗壓能力。
EN： The Passive Voice (be + past participle) is used here because Janett did not 'name' herself; she was chosen or selected by the Forbes organization. 'Was named' indicates the action was performed on the subject.
中文： 被动语态（be 动词 + 过去分词）在此处被使用，因为 Janett 并非“命名”自己，而是被《福布斯》组织选中。「Was named」表示动作是施加在主语身上的。
He was elected as the class president last week.
他上周被选为班长。
EN： The phrase 'in one's late twenties' refers to the ages of 27, 28, or 29. Similarly, 'early' refers to 21-23, and 'mid' refers to 24-26.
中文： 短语「in one's late twenties」指的是 27、28 或 29 岁。同样地，「early」指 21-23 岁，「mid」指 24-26 岁。
She started her own business in her early thirties.
她在三十岁出头时开始了自己的事业。
EN： The 'Forbes 30 Under 30' is a prestigious set of lists issued annually by Forbes magazine. It recognizes young entrepreneurs, leaders, and stars across various industries. Being named to this list is considered a significant career milestone in the United States.
中文： 《富比士 30 位 30 歲以下精英榜》（Forbes 30 Under 30）是《富比士》雜誌每年發布的一系列著名榜單。該榜單旨在表彰各行各業的年輕企業家、領導者和明星。在美國，入選此榜單被視為職業生涯中一個重大的里程碑。
EN： The preposition 'as' is used to describe a person's role, job, or function. It is followed by a noun that indicates the specific position held.
中文： 介词 'as' 用于描述一个人的角色、工作或职能。其后接名词，用来表示所担任的具体职位。
He works as a software engineer at a tech startup.
他在一家科技初创公司担任软件工程师。
EN： The Past Simple tense ('worked') is used here to describe a completed action or state in the past. It indicates that she no longer holds this position.
中文： 这里使用过去简单式（'worked'）来描述过去已完成的动作或状态。这表示她现在已不再担任该职位。
They lived in London for five years before moving to Paris.
在搬到巴黎之前，他们在伦敦住了五年。
EN： The title 'Chief of Staff' in a corporate setting often refers to a high-level position that acts as a strategic advisor to a top executive (like a CEO). It is a role that requires strong organizational and leadership skills.
中文： 在企業環境中，「幕僚長」(Chief of Staff) 通常是指擔任高階主管（如執行長）戰略顧問的高級職位。這個角色需要極強的組織能力和領導技巧。
EN： The Past Continuous tense (was/were + verb-ing) is used to describe an action that was in progress at a specific time in the past, often providing background information for a story.
中文： 过去进行式（was/were + 动词-ing）用于描述过去某个特定时间点正在进行的动作，通常用于为故事提供背景信息。
He was working as a teacher when he met his wife.
当他遇见他妻子时，他正担任教师的工作。
EN： A non-restrictive relative clause starts with 'which' after a comma. It provides extra information about the preceding noun or clause rather than defining it.
中文： 非限定性关系从句在逗号后使用 'which' 开头。它为前面的名词或从句提供额外补充信息，而非定义该对象。
She lives in London, which is the capital of the UK.
她住在伦敦，那是英国的首都。
EN： Venture capital (VC) is a significant part of the American business ecosystem, especially in tech hubs like New York and Silicon Valley. It represents a high-stakes, high-reward career path that is often seen as a symbol of professional success.
中文： 風險投資 (Venture Capital, VC) 是美國商業生態系統的重要組成部分，尤其是在紐約和矽谷等科技中心。它代表了一種高風險、高回報的職業道路，通常被視為職業成功的象徵。
EN： The word 'that' is used here as a conjunction to introduce a noun clause (that something important was missing...). This clause acts as the direct object of the verb 'felt', explaining exactly what they felt.
中文： 这里的 'that' 作为连词，引导一个名词从句（that something important was missing...）。这个从句作为动词 'felt' 的宾语，具体说明她们感觉到了什么。
I believe that hard work leads to success.
我相信努力工作会带来成功。
EN： When using indefinite pronouns like 'something', 'anything', or 'nothing', the adjective (important) must be placed after the pronoun, not before it.
中文： 当使用像 'something'、'anything' 或 'nothing' 这样的不定代词时，形容词（important）必须放在代词之后，而不是之前。
Is there anything interesting in the news today?
今天的报纸上有什么有趣的事吗？
EN： In Western career narratives, the feeling that 'something is missing' often precedes a major shift toward entrepreneurship or social impact, reflecting a cultural value placed on personal fulfillment over mere financial success.
中文： 在西方的職業敘事中，「感覺缺失了某些東西」通常是轉向創業或追求社會影響力的前兆，這反映了比起單純的財務成功，文化上更看重個人成就感與自我實現。
EN： The Past Simple tense is used to describe completed actions at a specific time in the past. Here, 'started' indicates a one-time event that occurred in 2019.
中文： 过去简单式 (Past Simple) 用于描述在过去特定时间完成的动作。在这里，'started' 表示发生在 2019 年的一个单次事件。
The project began two months ago.
这个项目在两个月前开始了。
EN： Prepositional phrases starting with 'for' and 'during' provide additional information. 'For' indicates purpose or association (the idea for the business), while 'during' indicates the time period when something happened.
中文： 以 'for' 和 'during' 开头的介词短语提供了额外信息。'For' 表示目的或关联（关于事业的想法），而 'during' 则表示某事发生的时间段（在...期间）。
We met during the summer break.
我们在暑假期间见面了。
EN： In many cultures, including Dominican and American, family gatherings are significant events where important life decisions or business ideas are often discussed and supported by the extended family.
中文： 在許多文化中（包括多明尼加和美國），家庭聚會是重要的場合，重大的生活決定或創業想法通常會在這些聚會中被討論並獲得家族成員的支持。
EN： The sentence uses the Past Participle Phrase 'using cacao and coffee' as a present participle (V-ing) modifier. It functions as an adjective or adverb to describe how the action was performed or to provide more detail about the object.
中文： 本句使用了现在分词短语「using cacao and coffee」作为修饰语。这里的 V-ing 形式用来补充说明动作发生的方式，或是描述前面的名词（饮品）是由什么组成的。
She relaxed on the sofa reading a book.
她躺在沙发上放松，一边读着书。
EN： The Simple Past Tense (made) is used to describe a completed action that took place at a specific time in the past (early 2019).
中文： 一般过去时（made）用于描述在过去特定时间（2019年初）已经完成的动作。
They built a small garden last summer.
他们去年夏天建了一个小花园。
EN： In the Dominican Republic, cacao and coffee are major agricultural exports. A traditional drink often mentioned in this context is 'Chocolate de Maní' or simple spiced hot cocoa, which is a staple in Dominican households and represents a deep connection to the land.
中文： 在多明尼加共和國，可可和咖啡是主要的農業出口產品。在這種背景下提到的傳統飲品通常指「花生巧克力飲」或簡單的香料熱可可，這是多明尼加家庭的日常主食，代表了與土地的深厚聯繫。
EN： The verb 'begin' can be followed by a gerund (verb-ing) to indicate the start of an action. In this sentence, 'talking' acts as the direct object of the verb 'began'.
中文： 动词 'begin' (开始) 后面可以接动名词 (V-ing) 来表示开始某个动作。在本句中，'talking' 作为动词 'began' 的直接宾语。
He began running every morning to improve his health.
他开始每天早上跑步以改善健康。
EN： The preposition 'about' is used here to introduce the topic of the conversation. When a verb follows a preposition, it must be in the gerund form (-ing), which is why we use 'starting'.
中文： 介词 'about' 在此用于引出讨论的主题。当动词接在介词之后时，必须使用动名词形式 (-ing)，这就是为什么这里使用 'starting' 的原因。
We are thinking about moving to a new city.
我们正在考虑搬到一个新的城市。
EN： The Dominican Republic is one of the world's leading producers of organic cocoa. For many Dominican-American families, cocoa is not just a commodity but a deep cultural link to their heritage and the traditional 'chocolate de agua' drink.
中文： 多明尼加共和國是世界上領先的有機可可生產國之一。對於許多多明尼加裔美國家庭來說，可可不僅僅是一種商品，更是與其文化遺產及傳統飲品「水巧克力」(chocolate de agua) 之間的深厚聯繫。
EN： The 'too... to...' structure is used to indicate that something is excessive to the point that a certain action cannot happen. It conveys a negative result without using a negative word like 'not'.
中文： 「too... to...」结构（太...而不能...）用于表示某种程度过于极端，以至于无法进行某个动作。虽然句子中没有出现 'not'，但语义上带有否定的结果。
The coffee was too hot to drink.
这咖啡太烫了，喝不下去。
EN： Reported Speech (Indirect Speech): When reporting what someone said in the past, the tense of the verb in the reported clause usually 'shifts back' (e.g., 'is' becomes 'was').
中文： 间接引语（转述语）：当转述某人过去说过的话时，从句中的动词时态通常会“向后退一格”（例如：现在式 'is' 变成过去式 'was'）。
He said he was happy with the results.
他说他对结果感到满意。
EN： In modern professional culture, being 'too busy at work' is a common reason for delaying personal projects, but the story highlights a shift from corporate loyalty to personal entrepreneurship.
中文： 在現代職場文化中，「工作太忙」是推遲個人計畫的常見理由。然而，這個故事強調了從對公司的忠誠轉向個人創業的轉變。
EN： The verb 'tell' follows the pattern 'tell + someone + to + verb (infinitive)'. This is used to report an instruction or advice given to someone.
中文： 动词 'tell' 遵循 'tell + 某人 + to + 原形动词 (不定式)' 的句型。这用于转述给予某人的指示或建议。
My teacher told me to study harder for the final exam.
我的老师告诉我要为期末考试更努力学习。
EN： 'Instead of' is a prepositional phrase followed by a gerund (verb-ing) or a noun. It is used to indicate that one action or thing is chosen or suggested over another.
中文： 'Instead of' 是一个介词短语，后面接动名词 (V-ing) 或名词。它用于表示选择或建议某事而非另一件事。
He decided to walk to school instead of taking the bus.
他决定走路去学校，而不是坐公交车。
EN： In many immigrant families in the U.S., there is a strong emphasis on 'the American Dream,' where parents encourage children to achieve more than they did. The Liriano parents' advice reflects a shift from survival (working for others) to self-actualization (entrepreneurship).
中文： 在美國的許多移民家庭中，非常強調「美國夢」，父母通常會鼓勵孩子取得比自己更高的成就。Liriano 父母的建議反映了從生存（為他人工作）到自我實現（創業）的觀念轉變。
EN： The Present Perfect tense (has + past participle) is used here to describe a state that started in the past and continues to be true in the present. In this case, 'has' functions as the main verb indicating possession of a connection.
中文： 现在完成式（has + 过去分词）在此处用来描述一个从过去开始并持续到现在的状态。在本文中，「has」作为主要动词，表示拥有某种联系或渊源。
The company has a long history of innovation.
这家公司拥有悠久的创新历史。
EN： The preposition 'to' is used after the noun 'connection' to indicate the relationship or link between two things (the family and farming).
中文： 介词「to」接在名词「connection」之后，用来表示两者之间的关系或连接（在此指家族与农业之间的联系）。
He has a strong connection to his hometown.
他与家乡有着深厚的联系。
EN： The Dominican Republic is a major global producer of organic cocoa. For many Dominican immigrant families in the US, maintaining a connection to their agricultural roots is a point of pride and a way to support their home country's economy.
中文： 多明尼加共和國是全球主要的有機可可生產國。對於許多移民美國的多明尼加家庭來說，與家鄉的農業根源保持聯繫不僅是一種自豪感，也是支持母國經濟的一種方式。
EN： The Past Simple tense is used to describe completed actions or states in the past. Regular verbs like 'work' add '-ed' to form the past tense.
中文： 过去简单式用于描述过去已完成的动作或状态。像 'work' 这样的规则动词，在词尾加上 '-ed' 即可构成过去式。
He worked as a teacher for ten years before retiring.
他在退休前当了十年的老师。
EN： Possessive nouns are formed by adding an apostrophe and 's' ('s) to a singular noun or a plural noun not ending in 's'. If a plural noun ends in 's', only an apostrophe is added.
中文： 所有格名词的构成是在单数名词或非 s 结尾的复数名词后加上撇号和 s ('s)。如果是以 s 结尾的复数名词，则只加上撇号。
The students' grades improved after the extra lessons.
补救教学后，学生们的成绩进步了。
EN： The term 'farmhand' often implies a manual laborer who does not own the land they work on. In the context of the Dominican Republic, this highlights the humble beginnings of the Liriano family and the significance of the sisters now providing ownership stakes to farmers.
中文： 'farmhand' 一詞通常指不擁有土地的體力勞動者。在多明尼加共和國的背景下，這強調了 Liriano 家族卑微的起點，也凸顯了現在姐妹倆為農民提供股份的重要性。
EN： The possessive 's (apostrophe s) is used to show ownership or relationship. When a noun already ends in 's' (like 'father's'), we add 's to indicate possession. In this sentence, it shows the family belongs to the father.
中文： 所有格 's 用于表示所有权或关系。当名词表示“谁的”时，在名词后加上 's。在此句中，它表示该家族属于父亲。
My sister's friend lives in London.
我姐姐的朋友住在伦敦。
EN： The word 'still' is an adverb of time used to describe an action or situation that continues to happen and has not changed or stopped.
中文： 「still」是一个时间副词，用来描述某个动作或情况仍在持续，尚未改变或停止，通常放在一般动词之前。
They still live in the same house after twenty years.
二十年之后，他们仍然住在同一间房子里。
EN： The Dominican Republic is one of the world's leading producers of organic cocoa. For many Dominican families, owning a small cocoa farm is a traditional way of life and a source of pride, even for those who have emigrated to the U.S.
中文： 多明尼加共和國是世界上主要的有機可可生產國之一。對於許多多明尼加家庭來說，擁有一座小型可可農場是傳統的生活方式，也是自豪感的來源，即使是那些已經移民到美國的人也是如此。
EN： Noun Clauses with 'that': The word 'that' introduces a noun clause that functions as the direct object of the reporting verb 'explained'. It tells us exactly what Janett said.
中文： that 引导的名词从句：单词 'that' 在此引导一个名词从句，作为报道动词 'explained' (解释) 的宾语。它告诉我们 Janett 具体解释了什么内容。
He said that the movie was very exciting.
他说那部电影非常刺激。
EN： Reporting Verbs in Past Tense: When using a reporting verb like 'explained' in the past tense, the information being reported often follows the rules of backshift, though it can remain in the present tense if the statement is still a general truth.
中文： 过去式报道动词：当使用像 'explained' 这样的过去式动词时，所转述的内容通常会随之转为过去式，但如果该内容描述的是一个持续的事实或真理，则可以使用现在式。
The teacher explained that the earth revolves around the sun.
老师解释说地球绕着太阳转。
EN： The Dominican Republic is often stereotyped as a developing nation focused solely on tourism or agriculture. Janett's statement challenges this by highlighting the country's potential and the systemic issue of wealth distribution rather than a lack of resources.
中文： 多明尼加共和國常被刻板地認為是僅專注於旅遊或農業的開發中國家。Janett 的說法挑戰了這種觀點，強調了國家的潛力以及財富分配的系統性問題，而非資源匱乏。
EN： The sentence uses a 'Noun Clause' starting with 'that' as a subject complement. This clause follows the linking verb 'was' to explain what 'the problem' actually was.
中文： 本句使用了由 'that' 引导的「名词从句」作为主语补语。这个从句接在连系动词 'was' 之后，用来解释「问题」具体是什么内容。
The truth is that we need more time to finish the project.
事实是我们需要更多时间来完成这个项目。
EN： The sentence employs 'Reported Speech' (Indirect Speech). Since the main verb 'said' is in the past tense, the verbs in the reported clause ('was', 'did not receive') are also shifted to the past tense to maintain backshift consistency.
中文： 本句使用了「间接引语」（转述语句）。由于主句动词 'said' 是过去式，被转述的内容动词（'was', 'did not receive'）也需随之转为过去式，以保持时态一致。
He said that he was happy with the results.
他说他对结果感到满意。
EN： The sentence touches on the concept of 'Fair Trade'. In many developing nations, farmers produce high-value crops like cacao but receive very little of the final profit. The Liriano sisters' business model aims to fix this systemic economic inequality.
中文： 這句話涉及了「公平貿易」的概念。在許多發展中國家，農民生產像可可這樣的高價值作物，但最終利潤中分得的比例卻極低。利里亞諾姐妹的商業模式旨在解決這種系統性的經濟不平等。
EN： The verb 'decide' is followed by a 'to-infinitive' (to + base verb) when expressing a choice or intention to perform an action.
中文： 动词「decide」(决定) 后接「不定式」(to + 原形动词)，用来表达选择或意图执行某个动作。
We decided to move to a bigger house.
我们决定搬到一个更大的房子。
EN： The verb 'give' is a ditransitive verb, which can take two objects: an indirect object (local farmers) and a direct object (a stake).
中文： 动词「give」(给予) 是双宾动词，可以接两个宾语：间接宾语 (当地农民) 和直接宾语 (股份)。
She gave her brother a birthday present.
她给了她弟弟一份生日礼物。
EN： The phrase 'a stake in' refers to 'equity' or ownership. In social entrepreneurship, giving farmers a stake is a way to ensure 'Fair Trade' and empower local communities, moving beyond just paying for raw materials.
中文： 短語「a stake in」指的是「股份」或所有權。在社會企業領域，讓農民持股是確保「公平貿易」並賦予當地社區權力的一種方式，而不僅僅是支付原材料費用。
EN： The phrase 'This means that...' is used to introduce a noun clause that explains the implication or result of a previous statement. 'That' acts as a conjunction connecting the main verb to the explanation.
中文： 「This means that...」用于引导一个名词从句，解释前述内容的含义或结果。这里的「that」作为连词，将主句动词与解释内容连接起来。
The light is red, which means that you must stop.
灯号是红色的，这意味着你必须停车。
EN： Parallel structure with 'and': When connecting two actions performed by the same subject (farmers), the verbs should be in the same form. Here, 'own' and 'share' are both present tense plural verbs.
中文： 使用「and」的平行结构：当连接由同一个主语（farmers）执行的两个动作时，动词形式应保持一致。在这里，「own」和「share」均为现在式复数动词。
They live in the city and work at a bank.
他们住在城市并在银行工作。
EN： The concept of giving farmers a 'stake' or ownership in a company is part of the 'Fair Trade' and 'Social Entrepreneurship' movement. It aims to fix economic inequality by ensuring producers receive more than just a basic wage.
中文： 讓農民擁有公司「股份」或所有權的概念是「公平貿易」和「社會企業」運動的一部分。其目的是透過確保生產者獲得的不僅僅是基本工資，來解決經濟不平等問題。
EN： Gerund as Subject: The word 'working' is a gerund (verb + -ing acting as a noun). Here, the entire phrase 'working hard for others' serves as the subject of the subordinate clause.
中文： 动名词作主语：单词 'working' 是动名词（动词 + -ing 作为名词使用）。在此句中，整个短语 'working hard for others' 作为从句的主语。
Learning a new language opens many doors.
学习一门新语言会开启许多机会之门。
EN： Ditransitive Verb (Teach): The verb 'taught' is the past tense of 'teach', which can take two objects: an indirect object (them) and a direct object (valuable skills).
中文： 双宾动词 (Teach)：动词 'taught' 是 'teach' 的过去式，它可以接两个宾语：间接宾语（them，她们）和直接宾语（valuable skills，宝贵的技能）。
He taught me how to cook.
他教我如何下厨。
EN： The concept of 'working for others' versus 'entrepreneurship' is a common theme in American immigrant stories. Many immigrants value the skills learned in traditional employment as a stepping stone to starting their own businesses, reflecting the 'American Dream' of upward mobility.
中文： 「為他人工作」與「創業」的對比是美國移民故事中的常見主題。許多移民將在傳統僱傭關係中學到的技能視為創業的墊腳石，這反映了追求社會地位提升的「美國夢」。
EN： The phrase 'Because of' is a compound preposition used to introduce a reason or cause. It must be followed by a noun or a noun phrase, not a full clause with a subject and verb.
中文： 短语 'Because of' 是一个复合介词，用于引出原因或理由。其后必须接名词或名词短语，而非含有主语和动词的完整从句。
Because of the heavy rain, the football match was cancelled.
因为大雨，足球比赛被取消了。
EN： The verb 'want' is a transitive verb that is commonly followed by an 'infinitive' (to + base verb) to express a desire to perform an action.
中文： 动词 'want' 是及物动词，通常后接「不定式」（to + 原形动词），用来表达想要执行某个动作的愿望。
They want to travel around the world next year.
他们明年想要环游世界。
EN： The term 'farming communities' in this context refers to the social and economic groups of small-scale farmers in developing nations. In the Dominican Republic, this often involves cocoa or coffee farmers who historically have faced economic challenges due to global supply chain structures.
中文： 這裡的「農業社群」(farming communities) 指的是開發中國家的小農社會經濟群體。在多明尼加共和國，這通常涉及可可或咖啡農，他們在歷史上因全球供應鏈結構而面臨經濟挑戰。
EN： The Present Perfect Tense (have + past participle) is used here to describe an action that happened at an unspecified time in the past and has a result or relevance in the present.
中文： 现在完成式 (have + 过去分词) 在此用于描述过去某个不确定时间发生的动作，且该动作对现在具有影响力或相关性。
Scientists have shown that exercise improves mental health.
科学家已经证明运动能改善心理健康。
EN： The Noun Clause starting with 'that' acts as the direct object of the verb 'shown'. It contains a complete sentence structure (subject + verb + object) to express a fact or idea.
中文： 由 'that' 引导的名词从句作为动词 'shown' 的直接宾语。它包含完整的句子结构（主语 + 动词 + 宾语），用来表达一个事实或想法。
I believe that they will win the game.
我相信他们会赢得比赛。
EN： The concept of 'giving back to the homeland' is a significant theme in immigrant stories. It reflects the 'brain gain' or economic contribution that successful diaspora members provide to their countries of origin, often through investment or social entrepreneurship.
中文： 「回饋家鄉」是移民故事中的一個重要主題。它反映了成功的海外僑民透過投資或社會企業家精神，為其原籍國提供的「人才回流」或經濟貢獻。
重要单词附有 IPA 发音、定义、例句和互动式测验。
在本文中： 创业精神；企业家身份
在本文中： 制药的；药学的
在本文中： 聚会；集会
在本文中： 传统的
在本文中： 母亲一方的；母系的
在本文中： 农场雇工
在本文中： 股份；利害关系
在本文中： 利润；收益
在本文中： 宝贵的；有价值的
在本文中： 祖国；故乡
片语包含类型标示、双语定义、用法说明和例句。
To set high goals and have high ambitions.
胸怀大志；敢于梦想
Money invested in a new business that involves a lot of risk.
风险投资；创投
A senior manager who acts as an aide to a high-ranking executive.
幕僚长；办公室主任
A reasonable price for a product or service that is honest and impartial.
公平价值；合理的报酬