EN： The word 'that' introduces a noun clause acting as the direct object of the verb 'warns'. This clause contains the entire message or warning being conveyed.
中文： 连接词 'that' 引导一个名词从句，作为动词 'warns'（警告）的宾语。这个从句包含了警告的具体内容。
The teacher warns that the exam will be difficult.
老师警告说考试会很难。
EN： The word 'even' is used as an intensive adverb to emphasize that something is surprising or extreme, in this case, applying the rule to even the 'smartest' or 'best' things.
中文： 副词 'even'（甚至/即使）用于加强语气，强调某事令人惊讶或处于极端情况。在此句中，它强调即使是「最聪明」或「最好」的事物也不例外。
Even the best players make mistakes sometimes.
即使是最好的球员有时也会犯错。
EN： Jensen Huang is the co-founder and CEO of NVIDIA. This sentence reflects his business philosophy of 'intellectual humility' and 'agility'—the idea that no matter how good a plan is, one must be ready to adapt to the unpredictable nature of the market.
中文： 黃仁勳是輝達 (NVIDIA) 的共同創辦人兼執行長。這句話反映了他的商業哲學，即「智力謙遜」與「靈活性」——無論計劃多麼完美，都必須準備好應對市場不可預測的本質。
EN： The phrase 'regardless of' is a prepositional phrase used to indicate that something is not affected or influenced by the factors mentioned. It is often followed by a noun phrase or a wh-clause (like 'how well...').
中文： 短语「regardless of」是一个介词短语，用于表示某事不受所提因素的影响或干扰。它通常后接名词短语或 wh- 引导的从句（例如「how well...」），意为「不管」或「无论」。
The event will go ahead regardless of the weather.
无论天气如何，活动都将照常进行。
EN： The structure 'how + adverb + subject + verb' is used within a noun clause to express degree. In this sentence, 'how well' modifies the manner in which the student prepares.
中文： 「how + 副词 + 主语 + 动词」的结构用于名词从句中以表达程度。在本句中，「how well」修饰学生准备的方式，强调准备的充分程度。
I was surprised by how quickly he finished the task.
我对他完成任务的速度之快感到惊讶。
EN： This sentence reflects a core philosophy often shared by tech leaders like Jensen Huang: the acceptance of failure and the necessity of adaptability. In high-stakes environments like Silicon Valley, 'planning' is seen as less important than 'pivoting' or responding to real-world feedback.
中文： 這句話反映了像黃仁勳這樣的科技領袖常分享的核心哲學：接受失敗以及適應能力的必要性。在矽谷等高風險環境中，「計畫」被認為不如「轉向」或對現實世界的反饋做出反應來得重要。
EN： The 'not A, but B' structure is a correlative conjunction used to contrast two elements, emphasizing that the second part (B) is the correct or more important one.
中文： 「not A, but B」（不是 A，而是 B）是一种并列连词结构，用于对比两个元素，强调第二部分（B）才是正确或更重要的信息。
Success is not about luck, but about hard work.
成功不在于运气，而在于努力。
EN： A Nominal Clause (Noun Clause) starting with 'What' acts as the subject of the sentence. Here, 'What separates...' functions as a single noun unit.
中文： 名词从句（Noun Clause）由 'What' 引导，在句中担任主语。在此处，「What separates...」整个从句被视为一个名词单位。
What he said surprised everyone.
他所说的话让每个人都感到惊讶。
EN： In the modern tech industry, 'pivot' is a common buzzword. It refers to a company fundamentally changing its business direction after realizing its current product or strategy is not meeting market needs. This concept is central to the 'Lean Startup' methodology.
中文： 在現代科技產業中，「pivot」（轉型/樞紐轉向）是一個常見的術語。它指的是公司在發現現有產品或策略無法滿足市場需求後，從根本上改變業務方向。這個概念是「精實創業」（Lean Startup）方法論的核心。
EN： The relative clause starting with 'that' (that are no longer working) acts as an adjective to modify the noun 'original ideas'. It provides essential information about which ideas are being let go.
中文： 以 'that' 引导的关系从句（that are no longer working）充当形容词，用来修饰名词 'original ideas'（原始想法）。它提供了关于哪些想法被舍弃的必要信息。
The company avoids strategies that are too risky.
这家公司避开那些过于冒险的策略。
EN： The phrase 'no longer' is an adverbial phrase used to indicate that a situation that existed in the past has stopped and does not exist now.
中文： 'No longer' 是一个副词短语，用来表示过去存在的状况已经停止，现在不再存在（不再...）。
He no longer works for NVIDIA.
他不再为英伟达工作了。
EN： This sentence reflects a core value in Silicon Valley culture: 'pivoting'. It emphasizes that being 'right' initially is less important than being 'agile' and responding to market feedback, a philosophy championed by leaders like Jensen.
中文： 這句話反映了矽谷文化的核心價值：「轉型」(pivoting)。它強調最初的「正確」與否，遠不如保持「敏捷」並對市場反饋做出反應來得重要，這也是黃仁勳等領導者所倡導的哲學。
EN： The sentence uses a sequence of past tense verbs ('started', 'moved', 'embraced') to describe the chronological evolution of a company. This is a common way to narrate history or progress.
中文： 本句使用一系列过去式动词（started, moved, embraced）来描述公司的时序演进。这是叙述历史或进展的常用方式。
The team researched the market, developed a prototype, and finally launched the app.
团队研究了市场，开发了原型，最后发布了这款应用程序。
EN： The phrasal verb 'move into' means to start being involved in a new area of business or activity.
中文： 短语动词 'move into' 意指开始涉足或转向一个新的业务领域或活动项目。
The tech giant decided to move into the renewable energy sector.
这家科技巨头决定转向可再生能源领域发展。
EN： This sentence reflects NVIDIA's real-world history, transitioning from a gaming-focused hardware company to the backbone of the global AI revolution. It highlights the importance of 'pivoting' in the tech industry.
中文： 這句話反映了輝達真實的發展史：從一家專注於遊戲的硬體公司，轉型為全球人工智慧革命的支柱。這強調了科技產業中「轉型（pivoting）」的重要性。
EN： The phrase 'what it used to be' uses a noun clause starting with 'what' to describe a past state or identity that no longer exists. 'Used to' indicates a habitual action or state in the past.
中文： 「what it used to be」使用 what 引导的名词从句，用来描述过去存在但现在已不复存在的状态或身份。「used to」表示过去经常性的动作或状态。
The city is very different from what it used to be.
这座城市与它过去的样子大不相同。
EN： The 'to + verb' (infinitive) at the end of the sentence functions as an adverbial of purpose, explaining 'why' the action of letting go was necessary.
中文： 句尾的「to + 动词」（不定式）作为副词用法，表示目的，解释了为什么「舍弃」这个动作是必要的（为了成长）。
He studied hard to pass the exam.
他努力学习是为了通过考试。
EN： This sentence reflects Jensen Huang's leadership philosophy at NVIDIA, emphasizing 'intellectual honesty'—the ability to admit when a strategy is no longer working and pivot quickly, even if it means abandoning a successful past.
中文： 這句話反映了黃仁勳在輝達（NVIDIA）的領導哲學，強調「智識上的誠實」——即當策略不再奏效時，要有勇氣承認並迅速轉型，即使這意味著必須放棄過去成功的模式。
EN： The conjunction 'While' is used here to introduce a contrast between two clauses, similar to 'although' or 'even though'. It sets up a comparison between the academic environment and the real world.
中文： 连接词「While」在此处用于引导对比从句，类似于「although」（虽然）。它建立了学术环境与现实世界之间的对比。
While she loves her job, she finds the commute exhausting.
虽然她热爱她的工作，但她觉得通勤很累人。
EN： The passive voice 'were rewarded' (be + past participle) is used to show that the subject (graduates) received something from an external source (the school system) rather than performing the action themselves.
中文： 被动语态「were rewarded」（be 动词 + 过去分词）用于表示主语（毕业生）是从外部来源（如学校体制）获得奖励，而非主动执行该动作。
The employees were rewarded for their hard work with a bonus.
员工们因辛勤工作而获得了奖金奖励。
EN： This sentence reflects a common theme in commencement speeches by tech leaders like Jensen: the transition from the structured, 'right-or-wrong' academic world to the messy, iterative nature of innovation where failure is a prerequisite for success.
中文： 這句話反映了像黃仁勳這樣的科技領袖在畢業演講中常見的主題：從結構化、非黑即白的學術世界，轉向充滿混亂與反覆迭代的創新環境，在這種環境中，失敗是成功的先決條件。
EN： The gerund 'starting' functions as a subject complement here, following the linking verb 'is' to define what 'the skill' consists of.
中文： 动名词 'starting' 在此作为主语补语，接在系动词 'is' 之后，用来定义「这项技能」的内容。
His passion is teaching others how to code.
他的热情在于教导他人如何编写程序。
EN： The conjunction 'until' introduces a subordinate clause of time, indicating that the action of starting over continues up to the point when the solution is reached.
中文： 连接词 'until' 引导时间状语从句，表示「重新开始」的动作一直持续到「找到解决方案」的那一刻为止。
We waited in the rain until the bus arrived.
我们在雨中等候，直到公交车抵达。
EN： In modern entrepreneurial culture, particularly in Silicon Valley, 'failing fast' and 'pivoting' without shame is seen as a strength rather than a weakness. Jensen's advice reflects this mindset of resilience over perfectionism.
中文： 在現代創業文化中，特別是在矽谷，「快速失敗」和不帶羞恥感的「轉型」被視為一種優勢而非弱點。黃仁勳的建議反映了這種重視韌性而非完美主義的心態。
EN： The phrase 'had better' is used to give strong advice or warnings about what someone should do in a specific situation. It is followed by the base form of the verb without 'to'.
中文： 「had better」用于针对特定情况给予强烈的建议或警告，表示「最好……」。其后接动词原形，不加「to」。
You had better leave now if you want to catch the last train.
如果你想赶上末班车，你最好现在就出发。
EN： The word 'that' introduces a noun clause acting as a subject complement. It renames or explains the subject 'His final advice'.
中文： 这里的「that」引导一个名词从句作为主语补语，用来解释或说明主语「他最后的建议」的具体内容。
The truth is that we need more time to finish the project.
事实是我们需要更多时间来完成这个项目。
EN： This sentence reflects the fast-paced nature of the tech industry, particularly in Silicon Valley where NVIDIA is based. Jensen Huang's advice emphasizes 'running' as a metaphor for proactive adaptation and urgency in a competitive global market.
中文： 這句話反映了科技產業快速變遷的本質，特別是輝達（NVIDIA）所在的矽谷文化。黃仁勳的建議將「奔跑」作為隱喻，強調在競爭激烈的全球市場中，主動適應與急迫感的重要性。
EN： The modal idiom 'had better' is used to give strong advice or warnings about what someone should do to avoid negative consequences. It is usually followed by a bare infinitive (verb without 'to').
中文： 情态惯用语「had better」用于提供强烈的建议或警告，说明某人应该做什么以避免负面后果。其后接动词原形（不加 to）。
You had better finish your homework before the teacher arrives.
你最好在老师来之前完成作业。
EN： The conjunction 'as' is used here to indicate 'while' or 'at the same time as', showing two actions happening simultaneously.
中文： 连接词「as」在此处用于表示「当…的时候」或「与此同时」，显示两个动作同时发生。
She sang a song as she walked down the street.
她走在街上时唱着一首歌。
EN： This sentence reflects a common theme in modern Silicon Valley culture, championed by leaders like Jensen (NVIDIA's CEO): the idea that growth and innovation require embracing discomfort and constant change rather than avoiding it.
中文： 這句話反映了現代矽谷文化中的一個共同主題，由輝達（NVIDIA）執行長黃仁勳等領導者所倡導：成長與創新需要擁抱不適與不斷的變化，而非逃避它。
重要单词附有 IPA 发音、定义、例句和互动式测验。
在本文中： 为达成特定目标而制定的长期计划或策略。
在本文中： 不可避免地，必然地。
在本文中： 敏捷的，灵活的；在商业语境中指能快速应对变化的能力。
在本文中： 僵化的，刻板的，不易改变的。
在本文中： （企业或计划）转向，改变经营方向。
在本文中： 欣然接受，采纳（新想法或技术）。
在本文中： 毕业生。
在本文中： 羞耻感，丢脸。
片语包含类型标示、双语定义、用法说明和例句。
To fail or experience problems.
出错，出问题
To stop holding onto something, either physically or mentally.
放手，放弃，舍弃
A branch of AI focused on building systems that learn from data.
机器学习
To begin again from the very beginning.
重新开始
Used to give strong advice or a warning.
最好，应该