EN： The Present Perfect Tense (have/has + past participle) is used here to describe an action that started in the past and continues up to the present. When paired with 'How long', it asks about the duration of this ongoing state.
中文： 现在完成时（have/has + 过去分词）在此用于描述从过去开始并持续到现在的动作或状态。当与“How long”（多久）连用时，用来询问该持续状态的时间长度。
How long have you known each other?
你们认识彼此多久了？
EN： In questions starting with interrogative phrases like 'How long', subject-auxiliary inversion is required. The auxiliary verb 'have' is placed before the subject 'you', while the main verb 'lived' remains after the subject.
中文： 在以“How long”等疑问词开头的问句中，需要进行主语与助动词倒装。助动词“have”置于主语“you”之前，而主要动词“lived”则留在主语之后。
How long have they worked here?
他们在这里工作多久了？
EN： In Western cultures, asking someone 'How long have you lived here?' is a very common and polite icebreaker. It is a safe, non-intrusive topic that often leads to friendly conversations about local recommendations, neighborhoods, and personal backgrounds.
中文： 在西方文化中，詢問他人「你在這裡住多久了？」是一個非常常見且禮貌的破冰話題。這是一個安全、不具侵犯性的話題，通常能開啟關於當地推薦景點、社區環境或個人背景的友好對話。
EN： The Present Perfect Tense ('have/has' + past participle) is used here to describe an action that started in the past and continues up to the present moment.
中文： 现在完成时（have/has + 过去分词）在此处用于描述一个从过去开始并一直持续到现在的动作或状态。
I have lived in Taipei since 2015.
自 2015 年以来，我一直住在台北。
EN： The preposition 'for' is used with a period of time (e.g., ten years, three hours) to show the duration of an action or state.
中文： 介词「for」与一段时间（例如：十年、三小时）连用，用来表示某个动作或状态持续的时间长度。
She has studied English for five years.
她已经学了五年英语了。
EN： The Present Perfect Tense (have/has + past participle) is used here to describe a state that started in the past and continues to the present. With stative verbs like 'know', we use the simple present perfect rather than the continuous form.
中文： 现在完成时（have/has + 过去分词）在此处用于描述一个从过去开始并持续到现在的状态。像 'know'（认识/知道）这类的状态动词，我们使用现在完成时，而非进行时。
I have known him for five years.
我认识他已经五年了。
EN： 'Since' is used as a preposition or conjunction to indicate the starting point of an action or state that continues to the present. It is followed by a specific point in time (e.g., a noun phrase like 'kindergarten' or a time clause).
中文： 'Since'（自从）用作介词或连词，用来表示持续到现在的动作或状态的起点。其后接一个特定的时间点（例如名词短语 'kindergarten' 或时间从句）。
She has lived here since 2010.
她自从2010年起就一直住在这。
EN： In Western education systems, 'kindergarten' is typically the first official year of schooling (around age 5 or 6) before first grade. Saying you have known someone 'since kindergarten' implies a very deep, lifelong friendship that has stood the test of time.
中文： 在西方教育體制中，「kindergarten」（幼稚園）通常是進入小學一年級前、約5至6歲時的第一個正式學年。說自己與某人「自從幼稚園就認識」，暗示著一段非常深厚、經得起時間考驗的終生友誼。
EN： The Present Perfect Tense ('have/has + past participle') is used here to describe a state that started in the past and continues up to the present moment.
中文： 现在完成时（have/has + 过去分词）在此处用于描述一个从过去开始并持续到现在的状态或情况。
We have been friends since high school.
我们从高中开始就是朋友了。
EN： The preposition 'for' is used with a duration of time (e.g., 'a long time', 'three years') to show how long a state or action has lasted.
中文： 介词“for”后面接一段时间（例如“a long time 很久”、“three years 三年”），用来表示某个状态或动作持续了多久。
EN： The Present Perfect Tense (have/has + past participle) is used here to describe an action that started in the past and continues up to the present moment. In this sentence, 'have learned' indicates that the learning process began in the past and is still ongoing.
中文： 现在完成时（have/has + 过去分词）在此处用于描述一个从过去开始并一直持续到现在的动作。在本句中，“have learned”表示学习的过程始于过去，且目前仍在持续中。
I have lived in this city for ten years.
我已经在这座城市住了十年了。
EN： The preposition 'since' is used to indicate the starting point of an action or state that continues to the present. It is followed by a specific point in time (e.g., 'age six', '2005', 'yesterday').
中文： 介词“since”（自从）用于指出持续到现在的动作或状态的“起点”。其后接一个特定的时间点（例如：“六岁”、“2005年”、“昨天”）。
My family has run a shop since 2005.
我的家人自2005年以来就经营着一家店。
EN： In Western countries, learning a musical instrument like the violin or piano from a young age (such as age six) is a common extracurricular activity. It is often associated with developing discipline, patience, and cognitive skills.
中文： 在西方國家，從小（例如六歲）開始學習小提琴或鋼琴等樂器是非常常見的課外活動。這通常被認為有助於培養紀律、耐心以及認知能力的發展。
EN： The Present Perfect Tense (have/has + past participle) is used here to describe an action that started in the past and continues up to the present. 'Has run' indicates that the family started running the shop in the past and still runs it now.
中文： 现在完成时（have/has + 过去分词）在此处用于描述一个从过去开始并持续到现在的动作。「has run」表示家人在过去开始经营这家店，且至今仍在经营。
She has lived in London for five years.
她已经在伦敦住了五年。
EN： The preposition 'since' is used with a specific point in time in the past (e.g., a year, a date, or an event) to show when an action or state began.
中文： 介词「since」与过去的特定时间点（例如年份、日期或事件）连用，用来表示某个动作或状态开始的时间点。
They have been married since 2018.
他们自 2018 年以来就结婚了。
EN： The Present Perfect Tense (has + past participle) is used here to describe an action or state that started in the past and continues to the present. The verb 'love' is a stative verb, which is commonly used in the simple present perfect rather than the continuous form to show duration.
中文： 现在完成时（has + 过去分词）在此处用于描述一个从过去开始并持续到现在的动作或状态。动词“love”（喜爱）是一个状态动词，通常使用现在完成时而非进行时来表示持续的时间。
Hana has lived in this city since 2015.
哈娜自 2015 年以来就一直住在这座城市。
EN： The preposition 'for' is used with a period of time (e.g., 'many years', 'three days') to express the duration of an action or state in the present perfect tense.
中文： 介词“for”与一段时间（例如“many years”许多年、“three days”三天）连用，用来表示在现在完成时中某个动作或状态持续的时间长度。
We have been friends for almost ten years.
我们成为朋友已经快十年了。
EN： In English-speaking cultures, discussing long-term hobbies like painting, playing an instrument, or sports is a common way to build rapport and share personal background during social conversations.
中文： 在英語系國家中，談論自己長期的興趣愛好（如繪畫、彈奏樂器或運動）是社交對話中建立良好關係及分享個人背景的常見方式。
EN： The Present Perfect Tense (have/has + past participle) is used here to describe an action that started in the past and continues to the present. In this sentence, 'have painted' indicates that the speaker began painting in the past and still paints now.
中文： 现在完成时（have/has + 过去分词）在此处用于描述一个从过去开始并持续到现在的动作。在本句中，「have painted」表示说话者在过去就开始画画，且现在依然在画。
I have lived in this city for ten years.
我已经在这个城市住了十年。
EN： The conjunction 'since' is used to introduce a specific starting point in the past. It can be followed by a specific time (e.g., since 2005) or a clause in the Simple Past Tense (e.g., since I was little).
中文： 连词「since」（自从）用于引导过去的某个特定起点。其后可接特定的时间点（例如：自从2005年），或是接一个一般过去时的从句（例如：自从我小的时候）。
We have been friends since we were in high school.
我们自从高中时代起就是朋友了。
EN： The Present Perfect Tense (have/has + past participle) is used here to describe an action that started in the past and continues up to the present moment.
中文： 现在完成时（have/has + 过去分词）在此处用于描述一个从过去开始并一直持续到现在的动作或状态。
I have lived in this city for ten years.
我在这座城市已经住了十年。
EN： The preposition 'since' is used to indicate the starting point of an action or state that continues to the present. It is followed by a specific point in time (e.g., last season, 2005, childhood).
中文： 介词「since」用于指示持续到现在的动作或状态的「起点」。后面接一个特定的时间点（例如：上个赛季、2005年、童年）。
My family has run a shop since 2005.
我的家人自2005年以来就经营着一家店。
EN： In sports culture, especially in football (soccer) or baseball, supporting a team 'since last season' or for many years is a common way to express loyalty. Fans often use the present perfect tense to emphasize their ongoing commitment to their favorite club.
中文： 在體育文化中（特別是足球或棒球），說自己「自上個賽季起」或多年來一直支持某支球隊，是表達忠誠度的常見方式。球迷經常使用現在完成式來強調他們對心儀俱樂部持續不斷的支持與熱愛。
EN： The Present Perfect Tense (have/has + past participle) is used here with 'not' to describe an action (or lack thereof) that started in the past and continues up to the present moment.
中文： 现在完成时（have/has + 过去分词）在此与否定词 'not' 连用，用来描述一个从过去开始并一直持续到现在的状态或未发生的动作（即「至今未见」）。
I have not eaten anything since this morning.
我从今天早上开始就什么都没吃。
EN： The preposition 'for' is used to indicate a duration of time (a period of time), such as 'for two weeks', 'for five years', or 'for a long time'.
中文： 介词 'for' 用来表示一段持续的时间长度，例如「持续两周」、「持续五年」或「持续很长一段时间」。
They have studied English for three years.
他们已经学了三年英语。
EN： In English-speaking cultures, saying 'I haven't seen you for...' is a very common, warm way to greet someone you haven't met in a while. It shows that you have noticed their absence and care about maintaining the connection.
中文： 在英語系國家中，使用「I haven't seen you for...」是一種非常常見且親切的問候方式，用來向一陣子沒見面的朋友打招呼。這表達了你有注意到對方的缺席，並展現出維繫彼此關係的關心。
EN： The present perfect tense ('have been') is used here to describe a state that started in the past and continues to the present. It is often paired with 'for' followed by a duration of time.
中文： 现在完成时（have been）在此处用于描述一个从过去开始并持续到现在的状态。它经常与“for”连用，后接一段持续的时间。
They have been married for five years.
他们已经结婚五年了。
EN： The preposition 'for' is used to indicate the duration of an action or state, while 'almost' is an adverb meaning 'nearly' or 'not quite,' used to modify the time period.
中文： 介词“for”用于表示动作或状态持续的时间长度，而“almost”是一个副词，意思是“几乎”或“将近”，用来修饰后面的时间长度。
I have lived in this apartment for almost two years.
我住在这间公寓已经将近两年了。
EN： The verb 'go' is used with adjectives like 'fast' to describe the passage of time. In this context, 'go' means to pass or elapse.
中文： 动词“go”常与“fast”等副词或形容词连用，用来描述时间的流逝。在此语境中，“go”意为“流逝”或“过去”。
The weekend went so fast.
周末过得真快。
EN： The subordinating conjunction 'when' introduces an adverbial clause of time ('when we are together'), which modifies the main clause 'Time goes fast' by specifying the condition or time under which the action occurs.
中文： 从属连词“when”引导时间状语从句（when we are together），用来修饰主句“Time goes fast”，说明该状况发生的时间或条件。
I feel happy when I am reading.
当我阅读时，我感到快乐。
EN： The phrase 'Time flies when you're having fun' is a very common English idiom that shares a similar sentiment to this sentence, reflecting a universal human experience of time perception.
中文： 英文中常說「Time flies when you're having fun」（歡樂時光總是過得特別快），與本句所表達的情感非常相似，反映了人類對時間流逝感知的普遍共鳴。
EN： The Present Perfect Tense ('have lived') is used here to describe a state or action that started in the past and continues up to the present moment. It is often paired with 'for' to indicate the duration of the action.
中文： 现在完成时（have lived）在此用于描述一个从过去开始并持续到现在的状态或动作。它经常与“for”连用，以表示该动作持续的时间长度。
She has worked at this school for five years.
她已经在这所学校工作五年了。
EN： The preposition 'for' is used to show the duration of an action or state, followed by a period of time (e.g., 'my whole life', 'ten years').
中文： 介词“for”用来表示动作或状态持续的时间长度，后面接一段时间（例如：“我的一生”、“十年”）。
They have been married for thirty years.
他们已经结婚三十年了。
EN： In many Western cultures, especially in suburban areas, staying in the exact same neighborhood for one's entire life is less common today due to high mobility for university and career opportunities. Expressing this often conveys a strong sense of deep community connection, local pride, and stability.
中文： 在許多西方文化中（特別是郊區），由於大學和職業發展帶來的的高流動性，一輩子都住在同一個社區在今天已較為少見。因此，表達這句話通常傳達出一種對社區深厚的連結感、在地認同感與穩定的生活狀態。
EN： The present perfect tense (has/have + past participle) is used here to describe a state that started in the past and continues up to the present. 'My family' is treated as a singular collective noun here, so it takes the singular auxiliary verb 'has'.
中文： 现在完成时（has/have + 过去分词）在此处用于描述一个从过去开始并持续到现在的状态。这里的“My family（我的家人/家庭）”被视为单数集合名词，因此使用单数助动词“has”。
She has owned this car for five years.
她拥有这辆车已经五年了。
EN： The preposition 'since' is used to indicate the starting point of an action or state that continues into the present, typically followed by a specific point in time (e.g., a year, a date, or a past event).
中文： 介词“since”用于表示持续到现在的动作或状态的“起点”，后面通常接一个特定的时间点（例如：年份、日期或过去发生的事件）。
They have lived in London since 2018.
他们自 2018 年以来就一直住在伦敦。
EN： The Present Perfect Tense (have/has + past participle) is used here to describe an action that started in the past and continues up to the present moment. It is often paired with 'since' to specify the starting point in time.
中文： 现在完成时（have/has + 过去分词）在此处用于描述一个从过去开始并一直持续到现在的动作。它经常与「since（自从）」连用，以明确指出该动作的起点时间。
I have lived in this city since 2015.
从2015年以来，我就一直住在这座城市。
EN： The conjunction 'since' introduces a subordinate clause indicating the starting point of an action. When 'since' introduces a clause, the verb in that clause is typically in the Simple Past tense (e.g., 'was'), while the main clause uses the Present Perfect tense.
中文： 连词「since」引导一个表示动作起点的时间状语从句。当「since」引导从句时，该从句中的动词通常使用一般过去时（例如「was」），而主句则使用现在完成时。
She has played the piano since she was a child.
她从小时候就开始弹钢琴了。
EN： In many Western countries, it is common for children of family-owned small businesses (like local shops or farms) to help their parents. This is often seen as a way to learn responsibility, work ethic, and family bonding, rather than just labor.
中文： 在許多西方國家，家族經營的小型企業（如地方小店或農場）的孩子幫忙父母是很常見的。這通常被視為培養責任感、工作倫理和增進家庭凝聚力的一種方式，而不僅僅是勞動。
EN： The Present Perfect Tense (have/has + past participle) is used here to describe a state that started in the past and continues up to the present. With state verbs like 'know', we use the simple present perfect rather than the continuous form.
中文： 现在完成时（have/has + 过去分词）在此处用于描述一个从过去开始并持续到现在的状态。像 'know'（认识/知道）这类的状态动词，我们使用现在完成时，而非进行时。
I have known him for five years.
我已经认识他五年了。
EN： 'Since' is used as a preposition followed by a specific point in time in the past (e.g., 'kindergarten', '2010', 'yesterday') to indicate when an action or state began.
中文： 'Since' 作为介词，后面接过去的特定时间点（例如：'kindergarten' 幼儿园、'2010'、'yesterday' 昨天），用来表示某个动作或状态开始的时间点。
She has lived here since childhood.
她自童年起就一直住在这。
EN： In many English-speaking countries, 'kindergarten' is the first official year of schooling (usually around age 5) before first grade. Friendships that last 'since kindergarten' are highly cherished as lifelong bonds.
中文： 在許多英語系國家，「kindergarten」（幼稚園）是進入小學一年級前的第一年正式學校教育（通常在5歲左右）。「自幼稚園起」就維持的友誼被視為非常珍貴且深厚的終身情誼。
EN： The Present Perfect Tense (have/has + past participle) is used here to describe an action that started in the past and continues up to the present. It is often paired with 'for' followed by a duration of time.
中文： 现在完成时（have/has + 过去分词）在此处用于描述一个从过去开始并持续到现在的动作。它经常与“for”加上一段时间连用，表示该动作持续的时间长度。
We have lived in this city for ten years.
我们已经在这座城市住了十年。
EN： The preposition 'at' is used to indicate a specific location or institution where an activity (like studying) takes place, while 'same' is preceded by the definite article 'the' to show identity.
中文： 介词“at”用于指示活动（如学习）发生的特定地点或机构，而“same”（相同的）前面则必须加上定冠词“the”以表示同一性。
They work at the same office.
他们在同一间办公室工作。
EN： In English-speaking countries, it is common for childhood friends to attend the same local public schools from elementary through high school, fostering deep, lifelong friendships. Mentioning 'the same schools' highlights a shared history and strong social bond.
中文： 在英語系國家，童年玩伴從學齡前、小學到高中都就讀同一所當地公立學校是很常見的現象，這往往能培養出深厚且終身的情誼。句中提到「相同的學校（the same schools）」，強調了彼此共同的成長背景與緊密的社交紐帶。
EN： The Present Perfect Tense (have/has + past participle) is used here to describe an action that started in the past and continues up to the present. It is often paired with 'since' to indicate the starting point of the action.
中文： 现在完成时（have/has + 过去分词）在此处用于描述一个从过去开始并持续到现在的动作。它经常与“since”（自从）连用，以指出该动作的起点。
I have lived in this city since 2015.
自从 2015 年以来，我一直住在这座城市。
EN： 'Since' can be used as a conjunction followed by a clause in the Simple Past Tense (e.g., 'since I was very young') to mark the specific point in time when an action or state began.
中文： “since”可作为连词，后接一般过去时的从句（例如“since I was very young”），用来标记某个动作或状态开始的特定时间点。
He has played soccer since he was a child.
他自从孩提时代起就一直踢足球。
EN： The Present Perfect Tense (has + past participle) is used here to describe an action that started in the past and continues up to the present moment. 'Has guided' indicates that the guidance began in the past and is still ongoing.
中文： 现在完成时（has + 过去分词）在此处用于描述一个从过去开始并持续到现在的动作。“has guided”（一直指导）表示指导从过去就开始了，且目前仍在持续中。
She has worked at this school for five years.
她已经在这所学校工作五年了。
EN： The preposition 'since' is used to indicate the starting point of an action or state that continues into the present. It is typically followed by a specific point in time (e.g., 'my first lesson', '2010', 'yesterday').
中文： 介词“since”（自从）用于指示持续到现在的动作或状态的起点。它后面通常接一个特定的时间点（例如：“我的第一堂课”、“2010年”、“昨天”）。
I have known Emma since kindergarten.
我自从幼儿园起就认识艾玛了。
EN： The Present Perfect Tense (have/has + past participle) is used here to describe an action or state that started in the past and continues to the present, or has a strong connection to the present. In this sentence, 'have made' indicates that the process of creating memories began in childhood and remains significant now.
中文： 现在完成时（have/has + 过去分词）在此处用于描述一个从过去开始并持续到现在，或与现在有强烈关联的动作或状态。在本句中，“have made”表示创造回忆的过程始于童年，且至今仍具重要意义。
I have lived in this city for ten years.
我已经在这个城市住了十年。
EN： The preposition 'since' is used to indicate the starting point of an action or state that continues up to the present. It is typically followed by a specific point in time (e.g., 'childhood', '2005', 'last week') and is commonly paired with the Present Perfect Tense.
中文： 介词「since」（自从）用于指示持续到现在的动作或状态的起点。它后面通常接一个特定的时间点（例如：「childhood」童年、「2005」年、「last week」上周），并且通常与现在完成时搭配使用。
My family has run a shop since 2005.
我的家人自2005年以来就经营着一家店。
EN： The present perfect tense ('has been') is used here to describe a state that started in the past and continues to the present moment. It is often paired with time expressions indicating duration.
中文： 现在完成时（在此为 'has been'）用于描述一个从过去开始并持续到现在的状态。它经常与表示持续时间的表达方式搭配使用。
She has been a teacher for five years.
她当老师已经五年了。
EN： The phrase 'as long as I remember' (or 'as long as I can remember') is an idiomatic expression meaning 'for my entire life' or 'since the beginning of my memory'.
中文： 短语 'as long as I remember'（或 'as long as I can remember'）是一个惯用语，意思是“我一辈子”或“自我有记忆以来”。
We have been friends for as long as I remember.
从我记事以来，我们就一直是朋友。
EN： In English-speaking cultures, expressing a deep connection to a place as 'home' for one's entire life conveys a strong sense of belonging, community, and stability, which is highly valued in local neighborhoods.
中文： 在英語系國家中，將某個地方表達為自己一輩子的「家」，傳達了一種強烈的歸屬感、社區凝聚力與穩定感，這在當地的鄰里文化中是非常受到重視的價值。
EN： The present perfect tense ('have played') is used here with 'how long' to ask about the duration of an action that started in the past and continues into the present.
中文： 现在完成时（have played）在此与疑问词“how long”连用，用来询问一个从过去开始并持续到现在的动作所经历的时间长度。
How long have you lived in this apartment?
你在这间公寓住多久了？
EN： When playing musical instruments, the definite article 'the' is placed before the name of the instrument (e.g., 'play the violin', 'play the piano').
中文： 在英语中，弹奏乐器时，乐器名称前面通常需要加上定冠词“the”（例如：play the violin 拉小提琴、play the piano 弹钢琴）。
She has played the cello since she was ten.
她从十岁起就开始拉大提琴了。
EN： In English-speaking cultures, it is very common to append the listener's name (like 'Ryan') to the end of a question or statement to make the conversation feel more personal, friendly, and direct.
中文： 在英語系國家中，在問句或直述句的句尾加上對方的名字（如「萊恩」）是非常常見的社交習慣，這能讓對話顯得更親切、友善且具針對性。
EN： The Present Perfect Tense (have/has + past participle) is used here to describe an action that started in the past and continues up to the present. It is often paired with 'for' to indicate the duration of the action.
中文： 现在完成时（have/has + 过去分词）在此处用于描述一个从过去开始并持续到现在的动作。它经常与介词“for”连用，以表示该动作持续的时间长度。
I have lived in this city for ten years.
我已经在这座城市住了十年了。
EN： The preposition 'for' is used to express a duration of time (e.g., 'for five years', 'for a long time'), whereas 'since' is used to indicate a specific starting point in the past (e.g., 'since 2005', 'since I was young').
中文： 介词“for”用于表示一段时间的长短（例如：“for five years”五年、“for a long time”好长一段时间），而“since”则用于指出过去的某个特定起点（例如：“since 2005”自2005年起、“since I was young”自我小时候起）。
She has studied English for three years.
她已经学了三年英语。
EN： In English-speaking countries, learning a musical instrument (like the violin or piano) from a young age is a common extracurricular activity. When talking about hobbies or skills, using the present perfect tense with 'for' or 'since' is the standard way to show dedication and experience over time.
中文： 在英語系國家，從小學習樂器（如小提琴或鋼琴）是相當常見的課外活動。在談論興趣或技能時，使用現在完成式搭配「for」或「since」是表達自己長期投入與累積經驗的標準說法。
EN： The Present Perfect Tense (have/has + past participle) is used here to describe a state that started in the past and continues up to the present. The verb 'want' is a stative verb, so it is used in the simple present perfect form rather than the continuous form to show ongoing desire.
中文： 现在完成时（have/has + 过去分词）在此处用于描述一个从过去开始并持续到现在的状态。动词“want”（想要）是一个状态动词，因此使用现在完成时而非进行时，来表示持续至今的愿望。
I have wanted to visit Paris for years.
多年来我一直想去巴黎拜访。
EN： The preposition 'since' is used to indicate the starting point of an action or state that continues to the present. It is followed by a specific point in time (e.g., a season, a year, or a specific event).
中文： 介词“since”（自从）用于指示持续到现在的动作或状态的起点。其后接一个特定的时间点（例如：季节、年份或特定事件）。
She has played the piano since 2018.
她自 2018 年以来就一直在弹钢琴。
EN： In Western countries, learning a classical instrument like the cello or violin is a common extracurricular activity for youth. The transition of seasons, particularly 'spring', often symbolizes new beginnings, making it a common reference point for starting new hobbies or resolutions.
中文： 在西方國家，學習大提琴或小提琴等古典樂器是青少年常見的課外活動。季節的交替，尤其是「春天」，往往象徵著新的開始，因此常被用作開始新愛好或下定新決心的時間基準點。
EN： The Present Perfect Tense (have/has + past participle) is used here with 'since' to describe an action that started in the past and continues up to the present moment.
中文： 现在完成时（have/has + 过去分词）在此与 'since'（自从）连用，用来描述一个从过去开始并一直持续到现在的动作或状态。
We have known each other since we were children.
我们自从孩提时代就互相认识了。
EN： The conjunction 'since' introduces a subordinate clause in the simple past tense ('you were born') to mark the specific starting point in time of the main clause's action.
中文： 连词 'since' 引导一个一般过去时的从句（'you were born'），用来标记主句动作开始的特定时间起点。
He has worked at this company since he graduated.
他自从毕业后就一直在这家公司工作。
EN： The Present Perfect Tense (have/has + past participle) is used here to describe an action that started in the past and continues up to the present moment. It is often accompanied by 'since' to specify the starting point.
中文： 现在完成时（have/has + 过去分词）在此处用于描述一个从过去开始并一直持续到现在的动作。它经常与「since（自从）」连用，以明确指出动作的起点。
I have lived in this apartment since 2018.
自2018年以来，我一直住在这间公寓里。
EN： The preposition 'since' is used to indicate the starting point of an action or state that continues into the present. It can be followed by a specific time, a noun phrase (like 'birth'), or a clause in the simple past tense.
中文： 介词「since」用于指示持续到现在的动作或状态的起点。其后可接特定的时间点、名词短语（如「birth」）或一般过去时的从句。
She has been interested in music since childhood.
她自童年时期起就对音乐感兴趣。
EN： Present Perfect Tense (Negative): Used to describe an action or state that started in the past and continues up to the present, or has not happened during a period up to now. The structure is 'Subject + have/has + not + past participle'.
中文： 现在完成时（否定句）：用于描述从过去某个时间点开始一直持续到现在，或者在到目前为止的一段时间内「尚未发生」的动作或状态。结构为「主语 + have/has + not + 过去分词」。
I have not visited that museum since last year.
自从去年以来，我就没去过那家博物馆。
EN： Since + Specific Point in Time: The preposition 'since' is used with the present perfect tense to indicate the starting point of an action or state that continues to the present.
中文： Since + 特定时间点：介词「since」与现在完成时连用，用来标示某个动作或状态开始并持续到现在的「起点」。
My family has run a shop since 2005.
我的家人自从2005年以来就经营着一家店。
EN： The Present Perfect Tense (has/have + past participle) is used here to describe an action that started in the past and continues up to the present. It is often paired with 'since' to indicate the starting point of the action.
中文： 现在完成时（has/have + 过去分词）在此用于描述一个从过去开始并持续到现在的动作。它经常与“since”（自从）连用，以指出该动作的起点。
She has lived in Tokyo since 2018.
她自 2018 年起就住在东京。
EN： The word 'abroad' is an adverb meaning 'in or to a foreign country'. Because it is an adverb, it does not require a preposition like 'in' or 'to' before it (e.g., 'work abroad', not 'work in abroad').
中文： 单词“abroad”是一个副词，意思是“在国外”或“往国外”。因为它是副词，所以前面不需要像“in”或“to”这样的介词（例如：应为“work abroad”，而非“work in abroad”）。
They plan to study abroad next year.
他们计划明年去国外留学。
EN： Present Perfect Tense (have/has + past participle) is used here to describe an action that started in the past and continues up to the present moment, emphasizing the duration of the action.
中文： 现在完成时（have/has + 过去分词）在此处用于描述一个从过去开始并持续到现在的动作，强调该动作持续的时间长度。
I have lived in this city for ten years.
我已经在这座城市住了十年。
EN： The preposition 'for' is used to indicate a duration of time (e.g., 'for many months', 'for two weeks'), showing how long an action or state has lasted.
中文： 介词“for”用来表示一段持续的时间（例如：“for many months”好几个月、“for two weeks”两周），显示某个动作或状态持续了多久。
We have been friends for almost ten years.
我们当朋友已经将近十年了。
EN： The Present Perfect Tense (have/has + past participle) is used here to describe an action that started in the past and continues up to the present. It often co-occurs with 'since' to specify the starting point in time.
中文： 现在完成时（have/has + 过去分词）在此处用于描述一个从过去开始并持续到现在的动作。它经常与“since”（自从）连用，以明确指出该动作开始的时间点。
We have lived in this house since 2018.
我们自从2018年起就一直住在这栋房子里。
EN： The preposition 'since' is used to indicate the starting point of an action or state that continues to the present. It is followed by a specific point in time (e.g., winter, last year, 9 AM).
中文： 介词“since”用于表示持续到现在的动作或状态的“起点”。其后接一个特定的时间点（例如：冬天、去年、早上九点）。
I have been awake since sunrise.
我自日出起就一直醒着。
EN： In many English-speaking countries, looking forward to a 'holiday' (or vacation) is a common topic of social conversation, especially during long work or school terms. Mentioning 'since winter' emphasizes how long and eagerly the speaker has anticipated this break.
中文： 在許多英語系國家，期待「假期」（holiday/vacation）是社交對話中的常見話題，尤其是在漫長的工作或學期期間。提到「自從冬天起」強調了說話者對這次假期的期待之久與渴望之深。
EN： The Present Perfect Tense (have/has + past participle) is used here to describe an action or state that started in the past and continues up to the present moment. It is often paired with 'for' to indicate the duration of the action.
中文： 现在完成时（have/has + 过去分词）在这里用于描述一个从过去开始并持续到现在的动作或状态。它经常与“for”连用，以表示该动作持续的时间长度。
We have lived in this city for five years.
我们在这个城市已经住了五年了。
EN： The phrasal verb 'look forward to' means to feel excited about something that is going to happen. Note that 'to' is a preposition, so it must be followed by a noun, pronoun, or gerund (V-ing).
中文： 短语动词“look forward to”表示对即将发生的事情感到兴奋或期待。请注意，这里的“to”是介词，因此后面必须接名词、代词或动名词（V-ing）。
She is looking forward to the weekend.
她正期待着周末的到来。
重要单词附有 IPA 发音、定义、例句和互动式测验。
在本文中： 幼儿园，学前班
在本文中： 邻近地区；社区
在本文中： 指导；引导
在本文中： 回忆；记忆
在本文中： 在国外；到国外
在本文中： 储蓄；积攒（钱财）
在本文中： 支持；拥护（此处指支持某运动队伍）
在本文中： 拥有；占有
片语包含类型标示、双语定义、用法说明和例句。
To feel pleased and excited about something that is going to happen.
期待；盼望
To manage or be in charge of a retail business.
经营店铺
For the entire duration of one's memory; since childhood.
自从我有记忆以来；打从记事起