EN： The phrase 'a figure more than double previous estimates' functions as an appositive noun phrase (specifically a summative appositive) that comments on the preceding quantified clause ('More than 100,000...'). 'Double' acts here as a predeterminer/adjective meaning 'twice as much/many'.
中文： 短语「a figure more than double previous estimates」在此作为同位语（总结性同位语，summative appositive），用以补充说明前方子句中的核心数据（超过十万种）。其中「double」作为前位限定词或形容词，表示「两倍于……」。
The company reported annual profits of $50 million, a figure nearly double last year's earnings.
该公司公布年度利润达五千万美元，这一数字几乎是去年收益的两倍。
EN： The phrase 'bought and sold' is a paired passive participle phrase working with the auxiliary 'are' ('are now bought and sold') to describe ongoing habitual/commercial transactions globally without naming the agents directly.
中文： 「bought and sold」为成对使用的被动过去分词，与连系动词「are」构成现在式被动语态（are now bought and sold），用以客观描述全球普遍存在的常态商业买卖行为，无需指明具体的交易主体。
Millions of tons of grain are bought and sold on international commodity markets every day.
每天有数百万吨粮食在国际大宗商品市场上被买卖交易。
EN： 'According to' is a standard prepositional phrase used to attribute information, claims, or data to an external source, typically set off by commas when appearing at the end or beginning of a clause.
中文： 「According to」为常见的介词短语，意为「根据……」，常用于新闻与学术英语中引述外部来源、数据或研究结果；置于句首或句尾时通常以逗号隔开。
According to the latest census data, the metropolitan population grew by ten percent.
根据最新的人口普查数据，该大都市的人口增长了百分之十。
EN： Past participial phrase functioning as an introductory adverbial modifier (participial clause). 'Published in Science Advances' concisely modifies the main subject 'the study', indicating background circumstances or passive state without using a full relative clause like 'which was published in...'.
中文： 过去分词短语作句首状语（分词构句）。「Published in Science Advances」修饰主要主语「the study」，精炼地表示被动状态与背景信息，替代了较为冗长的关系从句「which was published in...」。
Founded in 1890, the institution has trained generations of prominent scientists.
该机构创立于 1890 年，已培养了数代杰出的科学家。
EN： Coordinated present participial clauses (dwarfing... and exposing...) expressing concurrent results or consequences. When attached to the end of a main clause, '-ing' participles frequently describe immediate outcomes or secondary actions arising from the main verb.
中文： 并列现在分词子句（dwarfing... and exposing...）表伴随结果或影响。现在分词短语附于主句句末时，常用来描述由主动词所引发的直接后果或伴随情况。
The company reported record quarterly profits, exceeding analysts' projections and boosting investor confidence.
该公司公布了创纪录的季度利润，超出了分析师的预期，并提振了投资者的信心。
EN： Parallel post-nominal modifying constructions: 'in use' (prepositional phrase) and 'traded globally' (past participial phrase) are coordinated by 'or' to jointly modify the noun 'species'.
中文： 复合后置修饰结构：介词短语「in use」与过去分词短语「traded globally」通过「or」并列，共同作为名词「species」的后置修饰语。
All vehicles currently in service or leased overseas must undergo mandatory safety checks.
所有目前正在服役或外租于海外的车辆均须接受强制安全检查。
EN： Science Advances is a prestigious, peer-reviewed multidisciplinary open-access scientific journal published by the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). Scientific news often references such top-tier journals directly to confer high authority and factual credibility onto environmental and conservation findings.
中文： 《科学先驅》（Science Advances）是由美国科学促进会（AAAS）出版的顶尖同行评审综合性开放获取期刊。在国际科学与环境新闻报道中，直接点名该期刊旨在为报道中的野生动物保育数据赋予高度的学术权威性与公信力。
EN： Negative inversion with 'Not only... but (also)...': When a negative or restrictive expression like 'Not only' begins a sentence, subject-auxiliary inversion is required in the first clause (Auxiliary + Subject + Verb: 'does the wildlife trade encompass'). The second clause returns to standard subject-verb order ('it also spans').
中文： 否定倒装句型（Not only... but also...）：当否定副词或限制性副词词组「Not only」置于句首时，第一个子句必须进行主谓倒装（助动词 + 主语 + 原形动词，即 does the wildlife trade encompass）。后半句则恢复正常语序（主语 + 动词，即 it also spans）。
Not only did she complete the marathon, but she also set a personal record.
她不仅完成了马拉松，还创下了个人最佳纪录。
EN： Verbs of scope: 'encompass' and 'span'. Both verbs are used at advanced levels to describe range or coverage. 'Encompass' emphasizes inclusion within boundaries ('to include comprehensively'), while 'span' emphasizes extending across a wide variety of domains, eras, or categories.
中文： 表示涵盖范围的高阶动词「encompass」与「span」：两者皆用以描述范围或跨度。「encompass」着重于『包含、囊括』多个组成部分；「span」则强调跨越、横跨不同领域、时期或类别（如跨越渔业、木材等各产业）。
His research spans three decades and encompasses several distinct disciplines.
他的研究跨越了三十年，并涵盖了数个截然不同的学科领域。
EN： Public perception often equates 'wildlife trade' solely with criminal syndicates poaching rhinos or pangolins. However, conservation policy and scientific discourse treat wildlife trade far more expansively, recognizing that legitimate commerce (e.g., regulated marine catches, commercial timber logging, luxury leather goods) forms the bulk of the global economic footprint.
中文： 大众往往将「野生动物贸易」单纯联想为猎捕犀牛或穿山甲的跨国走私犯罪。但在现代保育学与政策论述中，该名词的涵盖层面广阔得多，包含了受管制的商业远洋捕捞、木材采伐以及奢华皮革等合法流通产业，而这些合法与灰色市场往往才是全球交易量的主要大宗。
EN： Appositive phrases (e.g., 'a professor at the University of Melbourne') are placed directly after a noun ('Alice Hughes') to provide extra non-restrictive information. They are separated by commas and can be omitted without changing the core grammatical structure.
中文： 同位语短语（如 'a professor at the University of Melbourne'）紧接在名词（'Alice Hughes'）之后，用以补充说明非限定信息。同位语前后需以逗号隔开，省略后不影响句子的基本核心语法结构。
Dr. Miller, an expert in marine biology, emphasized that coastal reefs are rapidly deteriorating.
海洋生物学专家米勒博士强调，沿海珊瑚礁正在迅速恶化。
EN： The prepositional phrase 'without + noun phrase' functions conditionally, equivalent to 'if there is no...' or 'if we do not have...'. When placed inside a that-clause, it acts as an adverbial modifier establishing the condition under which the subsequent clause holds true.
中文： 介词短语 'without + 名词短语' 具有假设条件的含义，相当于 'if there is no...' 或 'if we do not have...'。置于 that 引导的名词从句中作为状语修饰语，表示主句动作成立的前提条件。
Without proper regulation, the automated trading system could destabilize the entire market.
若无适当监管，自动化交易系统可能会破坏整个市场的稳定。
EN： The adverb 'simply' placed before a modal negation like 'cannot' acts as an emphatic downtoner/intensifier meaning 'plainly', 'absolutely', or 'there is no way that'. It conveys finality and categorical impossibility in formal or academic speech.
中文： 副词 'simply' 置于情态否定词（如 'cannot'）之前时，具有强调与断言的作用，意为「根本」、「简直」或「绝对无法」。在正式或学术语境中，常用来表达绝无可能或不可逆转的结论。
With current battery technology, long-haul commercial flights simply cannot be fully electrified.
以现有的电池技术而言，长途商业航班根本无法实现全面电气化。
EN： In journalistic and academic reporting, journalists routinely use the structure '[Role] [Name], [Credential/Affiliation], [reporting verb] that...' to establish immediate credibility (ethos) for scientific claims. Phrases like 'simply cannot' break slightly from neutral academic detachment to signal an urgent, unambiguous warning from the researcher.
中文： 在新闻与学术报道中，常使用“[身份/职称] [姓名]，[资历/所属机构]，[报道动词] that...”的句型，迅速为所引述的科学论点建立权威性与可信度（ethos）。而专有名家在此使用“simply cannot”而非较委婉的“may not be easily managed”，则突破了纯学术的客观中立，向大众与决策者发出急迫且毫无妥协余地的严正警告。
EN： The verb 'demand' triggers the subjunctive mood in the following nominal 'that'-clause. The verb in the subordinate clause remains in its base form ('be protected') regardless of the subject's person or number, reflecting mandative subjunctive syntax commonly used in formal English.
中文： 动词“demand”（要求）引导名词性 that 子句时，子句动词须使用“虚拟语气”，即动词原形（在此为被动态的“be protected”），省略了助动词 should。这常见于正式书面语或新闻英语中表达命令、要求、建议的动词。
Environmentalists urged that immediate measures be taken to curb deforestation.
环保人士敦促立即采取措施以遏制森林砍伐。
EN： The conjunction 'as' is used here to introduce a subordinate clause of reason or cause, functioning identically to 'because' or 'since'. It provides the causal justification for the demand made in the main clause.
中文： 在此处，从属连接词“as”用来引导表原因的副词子句，等同于“because”或“since”，旨在说明主句中提出该诉求的根本原因与背景。
He decided to cancel the expedition, as harsh blizzards made the route impassable.
他决定取消探险，因为狂暴的暴风雪使该路线无法通行。
EN： 'Taxidermy' refers to the art of preparing, stuffing, and mounting animal skins for display. In recent years, a rising international e-commerce trend around goth decor and curiosity cabinets has spurred black-market demand for taxidermied bats and insects, often driving vulnerable Southeast Asian species toward extinction.
中文： 「Taxidermy」（动物标本剥制术）是指将动物皮毛或躯体经过防腐处理、填充并制成标本的技艺。近年来，受西方暗黑美学（goth decor）与奇珍陈列室（curiosity cabinets）潮流影响，电商平台上对蝙蝠、昆虫等动物标本的需求大增，进而引发大规模盗猎，对东南亚地区的濒危物种构成严重生存威胁。
重要单词附有 IPA 发音、定义、例句和互动式测验。
在本文中： 使……相形見絀；使顯得矮小或微不足道
在本文中： 計算；統計紀錄；總數
在本文中： 顯而易見的；刺眼的（通常指錯誤、差距等負面情況）
在本文中： 包含；涵蓋；包括
在本文中： 走私；違法私運
在本文中： 繁榮的；蓬勃發展的；迅速增長的
在本文中： 異國風情的；外來的；罕見的
在本文中： 具有代表性的；體現整體情況的
在本文中： 保育；環境與自然資源保護
在本文中： 動物標本剝製術；動物標本
片语包含类型标示、双语定义、用法说明和例句。
Obvious, noticeable, and serious omissions or deficiencies.
显著的差距；显而易见的漏洞或缺口
The commercial sale and exchange of wild animal and plant specimens or products.
野生动植物贸易
A species of animal or plant that is seriously at risk of extinction.
濒危物种
Unusual or non-traditional animals kept as companions, typically from wild or foreign origins.
特宠；非传统/外来宠物